北方

Chinese

		north	direction; region
trad. (北方)		北	方
simp. #(北方)		北	方

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): běifāng

  (Zhuyin): ㄅㄟˇ ㄈㄤ

  (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): быйфон (bɨyfon, I-I)

• Cantonese (Jyutping): bak¹ fong¹

• Gan (Wiktionary): 'bet⁶ fong¹
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): pet-fông
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): pak-hong / pak-hng

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: běifāng
    • Zhuyin: ㄅㄟˇ ㄈㄤ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: běifang
    • Wade–Giles: pei³-fang¹
    • Yale: běi-fāng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: beeifang
    • Palladius: бэйфан (bɛjfan)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ fɑŋ⁵⁵/
  • (Dungan)
    • Cyrillic and Wiktionary: быйфон (bɨyfon, I-I)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pei²⁴ fɑŋ²⁴/

    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: bak¹ fong¹
    • Yale: bāk fōng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: bak⁷ fong¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: beg¹ fong¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɐk̚⁵ fɔːŋ⁵⁵/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: 'bet⁶ fong¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˈpɛt̚⁵ fɔŋ⁴²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pet-fông
    • Hakka Romanization System: bed^ˋ fong^ˊ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: bed⁵ fong¹
    • Sinological IPA: /pet̚² foŋ²⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pak-hong
    • Tâi-lô: pak-hong
    • Phofsit Daibuun: pakhofng
    • IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /pak̚³²⁻⁴ hɔŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /pak̚³²⁻⁵ hɔŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /pak̚⁵⁻²⁴ hɔŋ³³/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, variant in Taiwan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pak-hng
    • Tâi-lô: pak-hng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: pakhngf
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /pak̚⁵⁻²⁴ hŋ̍³³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /pak̚³²⁻⁴ hŋ̍⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /pak̚³²⁻⁵ hŋ̍⁴⁴/

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• Middle Chinese: pok pjang

Rime
Character	北	方
Reading #	1/1	2/2
Initial (聲)	幫 (1)	幫 (1)
Final (韻)	德 (131)	陽 (106)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	博墨切	府良切
Baxter	pok	pjang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pək̚/	/pʉɐŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/pək̚/	/pʷiɐŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/pək̚/	/piuɑŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/pək̚/	/puaŋ/
Li Rong	/pək̚/	/piuaŋ/
Wang Li	/pək̚/	/pĭwaŋ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/pək̚/	/piwaŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	bo	fāng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	bak1	fong1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*pˤək  C-paŋ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*pɯːɡ  paŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	北	方
Reading #	1/1	1/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	běi	fāng
Middle Chinese	‹ pok ›	‹ pjang ›
Old Chinese	/*pˁək/	/*C-paŋ/
English	north	square
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	北	方
Reading #	1/1	1/2
No.	414	3023
Phonetic component	北	方
Rime group	職	陽
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	北	方
Old Chinese	/*pɯːɡ/	/*paŋ/
Notes		甲金文象槳即榜初文， 下初爲單筆，猶旂左初亦作單杆

Noun

北方

1. north
2. northern area (of a country)
3. (specifically) northern China (usually referring to the area to the north of the Yellow River)

Synonyms

• (Hokkien) 北頂／北顶

Derived terms

• 北方之強／北方之强
• 北方人 (běifāngrén)
• 北方佛教
• 北方話／北方话 (běifānghuà)

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (北方):

• → Japanese: 北方(ほっぽう) (hoppō)
• → Korean: 북방(北方) (bukbang)
• → Vietnamese: bắc phương (北方)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
北	方
ほく > ほっ Grade: 2	ほう > ぽう Grade: 2
on'yomi

Noun

北(ほっ)方(ぽう) • (hoppō) ^{←ほくぱう (fokupau)?}

1. north, northern area

Related terms

• 東方(とうほう) (tōhō): east, eastern area
• 西方(せいほう) (seihō): west, western area
• 南方(なんぽう) (nanpō): south, southern area