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副

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
副 U+526F, 副
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-526F
← 剮
[U+526E] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 剰 →
[U+5270]

Translingual

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Stroke order
11 strokes
Stroke order (Japan)
11 strokes

Han character

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副 (Kangxi radical 18, 刀+9, 11 strokes, cangjie input 一田中弓 (MWLN), four-corner 12600, composition ⿰畐刂)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 142, character 23
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2097
  • Dae Jaweon: page 322, character 8
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 347, character 16
  • Unihan data for U+526F

Chinese

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Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 副
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (畐) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
富 *pɯɡs
輻 *pɯɡs, *pɯɡ
副 *pʰɯɡs, *pʰrɯɡ, *pʰɯɡ
褔 *pʰɯɡs
蔔 *bɯːɡ
匐 *bɯːɡ, *bɯɡ
逼 *prɯɡ
偪 *prɯɡ, *pɯɡ
幅 *prɯɡ, *pɯɡ
楅 *prɯɡ, *pɯɡ
湢 *prɯɡ
堛 *pʰrɯɡ
愊 *pʰrɯɡ
踾 *pʰrɯɡ, *brɯɡ, *pɯɡ
揊 *pʰrɯɡ
稫 *pʰrɯɡ
畐 *pʰrɯɡ, *bɯɡ
疈 *pʰrɯɡ
腷 *brɯɡ
鶝 *brɯɡ, *pɯɡ
福 *pɯɡ
蝠 *pɯɡ
葍 *pɯɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *pʰɯɡs, *pʰrɯɡ, *pʰɯɡ): phonetic 畐 (OC *pʰrɯɡ, *bɯɡ) + semantic 刂 (“knife”).

Etymology 1

[edit]
simp. and trad.
 副
2nd round simp. 付
alternative forms 褔 original
㽬

Jiajie (假借) from 褔 (fù, “to be filled with”). This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character 副
Reading # 1/3
Initial (聲) 滂 (2)
Final (韻) 尤 (136)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 敷救切
Baxter phjuwH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/pʰɨuH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/pʰiuH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/pʰiəuH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/pʰuwH/
Li
Rong 		/pʰiuH/
Wang
Li 		/pʰĭəuH/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/pʰi̯ə̯uH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		fòu
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		fau3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 副
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		fù
Middle
Chinese 		‹ phjuwH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*pʰək-s/
English secondary

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 副
Reading # 3/3
No. 3404
Phonetic
component 		畐
Rime
group 		職
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		蝮
Old
Chinese 		/*pʰɯɡ/

Definitions

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副

  1. subsidiary, auxiliary; sub-; vice-
    副手  ―  fùshǒu  ―  deputy
    副省級／副省级  ―  fùshěngjí  ―  sub-provincial level
    副總統／副总统  ―  fùzǒngtǒng  ―  vice-president
  2. auxiliary position; deputy officer
    1. (nautical) mate (officer of a ship)
      大副  ―  dàfù  ―  first mate
  3. secondary (as opposed to primary), para-; accompanying
    副產物／副产物  ―  fùchǎnwù  ―  byproduct
    副作用  ―  fùzuòyòng  ―  side effect
  4. (grammar) Short for 副詞／副词 (fùcí, “adverb”).
  5. (Classical) to assist, support, aid
  6. duplicate
    副本  ―  fùběn  ―  duplicate; copy
  7. (literary) to match; to agree; to be concordant; to be congruent
    名不副實／名不副实  ―  míngbùfùshí  ―  in name only; the name/reputation fails to match the reality
  8. (historical, clothing) ornamental headdress worn by queens or noblewomen
  9. (Classical) to spread, flow, diffuse
    Synonym: 敷 (fū)
  10. (Classical) to hand over; to allocate
  11. Used in 副能.
  12. Classifier for pairs, sets of things, medical prescriptions, facial expressions, etc..
    一副手套  ―  yī fù shǒutào  ―  a pair of gloves
    一副小人嘴臉／一副小人嘴脸  ―  yī fù xiǎorén zuǐliǎn  ―  a face (roughly, "a set of looks") with "villain" written all over it
    alt. forms: 付 (fù)
  13. a surname
Usage notes
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As a classifier, it should not be confused with 幅 (fú).

Synonyms
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Dialectal synonyms of 副 (“pair (of gloves)”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 副
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 副
Taiwan 雙
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 副
Central Plains Mandarin Xi'an 雙, 副
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 雙, 副
Wuhan 副, 雙
Jianghuai Mandarin Yangzhou 副
Hefei 雙
Cantonese Guangzhou 對
Hong Kong 對
Yangjiang 對
Gan Nanchang 雙
Hakka Meixian 雙
Jin Taiyuan 副
Northern Min Jian'ou 副, 雙
Eastern Min Fuzhou 副
Southern Min Xiamen 副
Zhangzhou 對
Chaozhou 雙
Jieyang 雙
Wu Suzhou 副
Wenzhou 副
Xiang Changsha 副, 雙
Shuangfeng 副, 雙
Dialectal synonyms of 副 (“pair (of glasses)”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 副
Northeastern Mandarin Taiwan 副
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 副
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 副
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 副
Xi'an 副
Xining 副
Xuzhou 副
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 副
Wuhan 副
Guiyang 副
Liuzhou 副
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 副
Yangzhou 副
Cantonese Guangzhou 副
Hong Kong 副
Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) 副
Macau 副
Guangzhou (Panyu) 副
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 個
Guangzhou (Conghua) 副
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 副
Foshan 副
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 個
Foshan (Shunde) 副
Foshan (Sanshui) 個
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 副
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 副
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 副
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) 副
Zhuhai (Doumen) 副, 對
Jiangmen (Baisha) 個
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 個
Taishan 面
Kaiping (Chikan) 面
Enping (Niujiang) 面
Heshan (Yayao) 副
Dongguan 對, 副
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 對
Gan Nanchang 副
Lichuan 副
Pingxiang 副
Hakka Meixian 副
Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) 副
Dongguan (Qingxi) 副
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 副
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 對
Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) 副
Yudu 副
Huizhou Jixi 副
Jin Xinzhou 副
Eastern Min Fuzhou 副
Fuqing 副
Southern Min Zhangzhou 對
Tainan 支
Jieyang 副
Haikou 副
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 對
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 副, 對
Wu Shanghai 副
Shanghai (Chongming) 副
Suzhou 副
Danyang 副
Ningbo 副
Jinhua 副
Xiang Changsha 副
Loudi 副

Compounds

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Etymology 2

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simp. and trad.
 副
alternative forms
疈 ancient
𠠦
𤗚
㨽 nonstandard
罷
疈 ancient
𠠦
𤗚
㨽 nonstandard
罷
擘
劈
 

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

[edit]
Rime
Character 副 副
Reading # 2/3 3/3
Initial (聲) 滂 (2) 滂 (2)
Final (韻) 屋 (4) 職 (134)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) III III
Fanqie 芳福切 芳逼切
Baxter phjuwk phik
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/pʰɨuk̚/ /pʰɨk̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/pʰiuk̚/ /pʰɨk̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/pʰiuk̚/ /pʰiek̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/pʰuwk̚/ /pʰik̚/
Li
Rong 		/pʰiuk̚/ /pʰiək̚/
Wang
Li 		/pʰĭuk̚/ /pʰĭək̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/pʰi̯uk̚/ /pʰi̯ək̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		fu pi
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		fuk1 pik1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 副
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		fù
Middle
Chinese 		‹ phik ›
Old
Chinese 		/*pʰrək/
English split, cut open, cleave

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 副 副
Reading # 1/3 2/3
No. 3374 3388
Phonetic
component 		畐 畐
Rime
group 		代 職
Rime
subdivision 		0 0
Corresponding
MC rime 		副 堛
Old
Chinese 		/*pʰɯɡs/ /*pʰrɯɡ/

Definitions

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副

  1. (Classical) to split open
    Synonym: 判 (pàn)

References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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副

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

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  • Go-on: ふく (fuku, Jōyō)、ふ (fu)
  • Kan-on: ふく (fuku, Jōyō)、ふう (fū)
  • Kun: そう (sou, 副う)、そえ (soe)

Compounds

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Etymology

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Kanji in this term
副
ふく
Grade: 4
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 副 (MC phjuwH).

Pronunciation

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(noun sense only)

Noun

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副(ふく) • (fuku) 

  1. copy
  2. Short for 副詞 (fukushi, “adverb”).

Prefix

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副(ふく) • (fuku-) 

  1. assistant, sub-, vice-, auxiliary, supplemental

Derived terms

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References

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  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

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Etymology

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From Middle Chinese 副 (MC phjuwH). Recorded as Middle Korean 부〯 (pwǔ) (Yale: pwu) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

副 (eumhun 버금 부 (beogeum bu))

  1. hanja form? of 부 (“secondary; auxiliary”)

Compounds

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References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Vietnamese

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Han character

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副: Hán Nôm readings: phó, pho

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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