倡

倡 U+5021, 倡 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5021 ← 倠 [U+5020] CJK Unified Ideographs 倢 → [U+5022]

Translingual

Han character

倡 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+8, 10 strokes, cangjie input 人日日 (OAA), four-corner 2626₀, composition ⿰亻昌)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 108, character 12
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 783
• Dae Jaweon: page 231, character 2
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 177, character 5
• Unihan data for U+5021

Chinese

simp. and trad.		倡

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 倡
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts
Small seal script s05852 Transcribed ancient scripts L24011 L24012 L24013 L24010
References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (昌) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
昌	*tʰjaŋ
倡	*tʰjaŋ, *tʰjaŋs
猖	*tʰjaŋ
菖	*tʰjaŋ
閶	*tʰjaŋ
鯧	*tʰjaŋ
裮	*tʰjaŋ
琩	*tʰjaŋ
唱	*tʰjaŋs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰjaŋ, *tʰjaŋs) : semantic 亻 + phonetic 昌 (OC *tʰjaŋ).

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): chàng (chang⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄔㄤˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): coeng³ / coeng¹
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhong
• Eastern Min (BUC): chióng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): chhiòng / chhiàng

  (Teochew, Peng'im): ciang³

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵tshaon

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: chàng
    • Zhuyin: ㄔㄤˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: chàng
    • Wade–Giles: chʻang⁴
    • Yale: chàng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chanq
    • Palladius: чан (čan)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: coeng³ / coeng¹
    • Yale: cheung / chēung
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsoeng³ / tsoeng¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: cêng³ / cêng¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰœːŋ³³/, /t͡sʰœːŋ⁵⁵/

Note: coeng1 - common variant.

• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhong
    • Hakka Romanization System: cong
    • Hagfa Pinyim: cong⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰoŋ⁵⁵/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: chióng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰuɔŋ²¹³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiòng
    • Tâi-lô: tshiòng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: chioxng
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰiɔŋ¹¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴¹/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰiɔŋ²¹/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiàng
    • Tâi-lô: tshiàng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: chiaxng
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰiaŋ²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰiaŋ⁴¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰiaŋ¹¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: ciang³
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshiàng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰiaŋ²¹³/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁵tshaon
    • MiniDict: tshaon^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²tshaan
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡sʰɑ̃³⁴/

---

• Middle Chinese: tsyhangH

Rime
Character	倡
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	昌 (24)
Final (韻)	陽 (105)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	尺亮切
Baxter	tsyhangH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ɕʰɨɐŋH/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡ɕʰiɐŋH/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ɕʰiɑŋH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/cʰɨaŋH/
Li Rong	/t͡ɕʰiaŋH/
Wang Li	/t͡ɕʰĭaŋH/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡ɕʰi̯aŋH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	chàng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	coeng3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*mə-tʰaŋ-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*tʰjaŋs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	倡
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	chàng
Middle Chinese	‹ tsyhangH ›
Old Chinese	/*mə-tʰaŋ-s/
English	to lead (in singing)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	倡
Reading #	2/2
No.	1258
Phonetic component	昌
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	唱
Old Chinese	/*tʰjaŋs/

Definitions

倡

1. to lead (a chorus); to introduce
2. to sing
3. to advocate; to recommend; to encourage; to promote; to propagate

Compounds

• 一倡三歎／一倡三叹
• 一倡百和 (yīchàngbǎihè)
• 倡優／倡优 (chāngyōu)
• 倡和
• 倡始
• 倡導／倡导 (chàngdǎo)
• 倡導者／倡导者
• 倡廉 (chànglián)
• 倡義／倡义
• 倡言 (chàngyán)
• 倡議／倡议 (chàngyì)
• 倡議書／倡议书
• 倡隨／倡随
• 倡首 (chàngshǒu)
• 反腐倡廉 (fǎnfǔchànglián)
• 夫倡婦隨／夫倡妇随
• 彼倡此和
• 提倡 (tíchàng)
• 為主作倡／为主作倡
• 首倡 (shǒuchàng)
• 首倡義舉／首倡义举

 

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): chāng (chang¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄔㄤ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): coeng¹
• Eastern Min (BUC): chiŏng
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chhiong

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: chāng
    • Zhuyin: ㄔㄤ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: chang
    • Wade–Giles: chʻang¹
    • Yale: chāng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chang
    • Palladius: чан (čan)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: coeng¹
    • Yale: chēung
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsoeng¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: cêng¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰœːŋ⁵⁵/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: chiŏng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰuoŋ⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiong
    • Tâi-lô: tshiong
    • Phofsit Daibuun: chiofng
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴⁴/

---

• Middle Chinese: tsyhang

Rime
Character	倡
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	昌 (24)
Final (韻)	陽 (105)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	尺良切
Baxter	tsyhang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ɕʰɨɐŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡ɕʰiɐŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ɕʰiɑŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/cʰɨaŋ/
Li Rong	/t͡ɕʰiaŋ/
Wang Li	/t͡ɕʰĭaŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡ɕʰi̯aŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	chāng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	coeng1

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*tʰjaŋ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	倡
Reading #	1/2
No.	1250
Phonetic component	昌
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	昌
Old Chinese	/*tʰjaŋ/

Definitions

倡

1. ^† professional singer and dancer
2. ^† musician; actor; entertainer; performer
3. ^† Alternative form of 娼 (chāng, “prostitute”)

Compounds

• 俳倡
• 倡優／倡优 (chāngyōu)
• 倡女
• 倡家
• 倡寮
• 倡揚／倡扬 (chāngyáng)
• 倡條／倡条
• 倡條冶葉／倡条冶叶
• 冶葉倡條／冶叶倡条
• 妍倡
• 幸倡

 

Japanese

Kanji

倡

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. prostitute

Readings

• Go-on: しょう (shō)
• Kan-on: しょう (shō)
• Kun: あそびめ (asobime, 倡)、となえる (tonaeru, 倡える)、わざおぎ (wazaogi, 倡)

Korean

Hanja

倡 (eum 창 (chang))

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Vietnamese

Han character

倡: Hán Nôm readings: xướng

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