亙

See also: 𠄣 and 亘

亙 U+4E99, 亙 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E99 ← 亘 [U+4E98] CJK Unified Ideographs 亚 → [U+4E9A]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

亙 (Kangxi radical 7, 二+4, 6 strokes, cangjie input 一月一 (MBM), four-corner 1010₆, composition ⿻𠄠⿴𠂊⺀)

Derived characters

• 𫰟, 恆, 𢫮, 𬇛, 𤙆, 𦚹, 𧙸, 絚, 𰬌, 𨀿, 䱍

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 87, character 7
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 265
• Dae Jaweon: page 183, character 12
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 19, character 5
• Unihan data for U+4E99

Chinese

trad.		亙/亘*
simp.		亘*
alternative forms		𠀕 𠄣 𠄭

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 亙
Small seal script s04388 Transcribed ancient scripts L07237 L24478 L24479 L24480
References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (亙) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
搄	*kɯːŋ, *kɯːŋs
縆	*kɯːŋ, *kɯːŋs
絙	*ɡoːn, *kɯːŋ
亙	*kɯːŋs
堩	*kɯːŋs
恆	*ɡɯːŋ
峘	*ɡoːn, *ɡɯːŋ

Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 二 + 月 (“moon”).

Possibly also the original form of 恆.

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): gèn, gèng (gen⁴, geng⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄣˋ, ㄍㄥˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gang²
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): kèng / khèng / khiàn

  (Teochew, Peng'im): geng³ / gêng³

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: gèn
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄣˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: gèn
    • Wade–Giles: kên⁴
    • Yale: gèn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: genn
    • Palladius: гэнь (gɛnʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kən⁵¹/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, variant)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: gèng
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄥˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: gèng
    • Wade–Giles: kêng⁴
    • Yale: gèng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: genq
    • Palladius: гэн (gɛn)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɤŋ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: gang²
    • Yale: gáng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gang²
    • Guangdong Romanization: geng²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɐŋ³⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kèng
    • Tâi-lô: kìng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kexng
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /kiɪŋ²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɪŋ⁴¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kiɪŋ¹¹/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khèng
    • Tâi-lô: khìng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qexng
    • IPA (Taipei): /kʰiɪŋ¹¹/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰiɪŋ²¹/
  • (Hokkien: rare in Taiwan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khiàn
    • Tâi-lô: khiàn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qiexn
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰiɛn²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kʰiɛn¹¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: geng³ / gêng³
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kṳ̀ng / kèng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɯŋ²¹³/, /keŋ²¹³/

Note:

• geng3 - Chaozhou;
• gêng3 - Chaozhou, Jieyang.

---

• Middle Chinese: kongH

Rime
Character	亙
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	登 (129)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	古鄧切
Baxter	kongH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kəŋH/
Pan Wuyun	/kəŋH/
Shao Rongfen	/kəŋH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kəŋH/
Li Rong	/kəŋH/
Wang Li	/kəŋH/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kəŋH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	gèng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gang3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ˤəŋ-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kɯːŋs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	亙
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	gèn
Middle Chinese	‹ kongH ›
Old Chinese	/*[k]ˁəŋ-s/
English	continuous; constant
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	亙
Reading #	1/1
No.	5122
Phonetic component	亙
Rime group	蒸
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	亘
Old Chinese	/*kɯːŋs/
Notes	原作亙雲出方言， 方言作緪。通行作此字，見漢賦，近甲文與說文㮓古文， 中本象上弦月

Definitions

亙

1. (of space or time) to extend all the way; to stretch
2. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) continuous; complete
3. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) completely; thoroughly
4. a surname

Compounds

• 亙久 / 亘久
• 亙代 / 亘代
• 亙古 / 亘古 (gèngǔ)
• 亙古亙今 / 亘古亘今
• 亙古未有 / 亘古未有 (gèngǔwèiyǒu)
• 亙地 / 亘地 (gèndì)
• 亙天 / 亘天
• 亙屏 / 亘屏
• 亙帶 / 亘带
• 亙年 / 亘年
• 亙歷 / 亘历
• 亙絕 / 亘绝
• 亙舒 / 亘舒
• 亙連 / 亘连
• 亙隔 / 亘隔
• 修亙 / 修亘
• 包亙 / 包亘
• 周亙 / 周亘
• 層亙 / 层亘
• 崇亙 / 崇亘
• 延亙 / 延亘
• 彌亙 / 弥亘
• 彌天亙地 / 弥天亘地 (mítiāngèndì)
• 彌山亙野 / 弥山亘野
• 懸亙 / 悬亘
• 橫亙 / 横亘 (hénggèn)
• 沈亙
• 盤亙 / 盘亘
• 經亙 / 经亘
• 綿亙 / 绵亘 (miángèn)
• 聯亙 / 联亘
• 蟠亙 / 蟠亘
• 追亙 / 追亘
• 連亙 / 连亘 (liángèn)
• 遐亙 / 遐亘
• 邪亙 / 邪亘
• 雲亙 / 云亘

Japanese

Kanji

亙

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

1. request

Readings

• Go-on: こう (kō)
• Kan-on: こう (kō)
• Kun: わたる (wataru, 亙る)、わたり (watari, 亙り)

Korean

Hanja

亙 (eum 긍 (geung))

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Vietnamese

Han character

亙: Hán Nôm readings: cẳng, cắng, cứng, gắng, hẵng

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Nom Foundation