ラ行変格活用
Appearance
See also: ラ行變格活用
Japanese
[edit]Kanji in this term | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
行 | 変 | 格 | 活 | 用 |
ぎょう Grade: 2 |
へん Grade: 4 |
かく Grade: 5 |
かつ Grade: 2 |
よう Grade: 2 |
goon | kan'on |
Alternative spelling |
---|
ラ行變格活用 (kyūjitai) |
Etymology
[edit]Compound of ラ行 (ra-gyō, “ra-row”) + 変格活用 (henkaku katsuyō, “irregular conjugation”).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Tokyo) らぎょーへんかくかつよー [ràgyóó héńkákú káꜜtsùyòò] (Nakadaka – [8])[1]
- IPA(key): [ɾa̠ɡʲo̞ː hẽ̞ŋka̠kɯ̟ ka̠t͡sɨjo̞ː]
Noun
[edit]ラ行変格活用 • (ra-gyō henkaku katsuyō) ←らぎやうへんかくくわつよう (ra-gyau fenkaku kwatuyou)?
- (Classical Japanese grammar) a verbal conjugation class in which the verb stem ends in r- with four irregular bases: -a, -i, -u, and -e
Archaic | 未然形 Irrealis |
連用形 Adverbial |
終止形 Conclusive |
連体形 Attributive |
已然形 Realis |
命令形 Imperative |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
あり (ar-, “to be”) | あら (ara) | あり (ari) | あり (ari) | ある (aru) | あれ (are) | あれ (are) |
侍り (haber-, “to serve”) | 侍ら (habera) | 侍り (haberi) | 侍り (haberi) | 侍る (haberu) | 侍れ (habere) | 侍れ (habere) |
居り (wor-, “to be”) | 居ら (wora → ora) | 居り (wori → ori) | 居り (woru → ori) | 居る (woru → oru) | 居れ (wore → ore) | 居れ (wore → ore) |
Usage notes
[edit]- Verbs in this class are superseded by the 五段活用 (godan katsuyō, “quintigrade conjugation”) in modern Japanese.
- Fragments of あり (ari) survive in modern Japanese, such as in いらっしゃる (irassharu, “to go (somewhere)”), ござる (gozaru, “to be”, polite), and 下さる (kudasaru, “to give”).
Related terms
[edit]References
[edit]Categories:
- Japanese terms spelled with 行 read as ぎょう
- Japanese terms spelled with 変 read as へん
- Japanese terms spelled with 格 read as かく
- Japanese terms spelled with 活 read as かつ
- Japanese terms spelled with 用 read as よう
- Japanese terms read with on'yomi
- Japanese compound terms
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese nouns
- Japanese terms historically spelled with わ
- Japanese terms with multiple readings
- Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji
- Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji
- Japanese terms spelled with fifth grade kanji
- Japanese terms with 5 kanji
- ja:Grammar