ἄκρος

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂ḱrós (“sharp”). Cognates include Old Church Slavonic остръ (ostrŭ), Latin ācer, Old Armenian ասեղն (asełn, “needle”) and Old English eċġ (English edge).^[1]

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /á.kros/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈa.kros/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈa.kros/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈa.kros/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈa.kros/

Adjective

ᾰ̓́κρος • (ákros) m (feminine ᾰ̓́κρᾱ, neuter ᾰ̓́κρον); first/second declension

at the edge, extreme, beginning, end: outermost (especially of the top)
pointed, sharp
being the most of any characteristic: best, oldest, first

Inflection

First and second declension of ᾰ̓́κρος; ᾰ̓́κρᾱ; ᾰ̓́κρον (Attic)

Number	Singular			Dual			Plural
Case/Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	ᾰ̓́κρος ákros	ᾰ̓́κρᾱ ákrā	ᾰ̓́κρον ákron	ᾰ̓́κρω ákrō	ᾰ̓́κρᾱ ákrā	ᾰ̓́κρω ákrō	ᾰ̓́κροι ákroi	ᾰ̓́κραι ákrai	ᾰ̓́κρᾰ ákra
Genitive	ᾰ̓́κρου ákrou	ᾰ̓́κρᾱς ákrās	ᾰ̓́κρου ákrou	ᾰ̓́κροιν ákroin	ᾰ̓́κραιν ákrain	ᾰ̓́κροιν ákroin	ᾰ̓́κρων ákrōn	ᾰ̓́κρων ákrōn	ᾰ̓́κρων ákrōn
Dative	ᾰ̓́κρῳ ákrōi	ᾰ̓́κρᾳ ákrāi	ᾰ̓́κρῳ ákrōi	ᾰ̓́κροιν ákroin	ᾰ̓́κραιν ákrain	ᾰ̓́κροιν ákroin	ᾰ̓́κροις ákrois	ᾰ̓́κραις ákrais	ᾰ̓́κροις ákrois
Accusative	ᾰ̓́κρον ákron	ᾰ̓́κρᾱν ákrān	ᾰ̓́κρον ákron	ᾰ̓́κρω ákrō	ᾰ̓́κρᾱ ákrā	ᾰ̓́κρω ákrō	ᾰ̓́κρους ákrous	ᾰ̓́κρᾱς ákrās	ᾰ̓́κρᾰ ákra
Vocative	ᾰ̓́κρε ákre	ᾰ̓́κρᾱ ákrā	ᾰ̓́κρον ákron	ᾰ̓́κρω ákrō	ᾰ̓́κρᾱ ákrā	ᾰ̓́κρω ákrō	ᾰ̓́κροι ákroi	ᾰ̓́κραι ákrai	ᾰ̓́κρᾰ ákra
Derived forms	Adverb			Comparative			Superlative
Derived forms	ᾰ̓́κρως ákrōs			ᾰ̓κρότερος akróteros			ᾰ̓κρότᾰτος akrótatos
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

First and second declension of ᾰ̓́κρος; ᾰ̓́κρη; ᾰ̓́κρον (Epic)

Number	Singular			Dual			Plural
Case/Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	ᾰ̓́κρος ákros	ᾰ̓́κρη ákrē	ᾰ̓́κρον ákron	ᾰ̓́κρω ákrō	ᾰ̓́κρᾱ ákrā	ᾰ̓́κρω ákrō	ᾰ̓́κροι ákroi	ᾰ̓́κραι ákrai	ᾰ̓́κρᾰ ákra
Genitive	ᾰ̓́κρου / ᾰ̓κροῖο / ᾰ̓́κροιο / ᾰ̓κρόο / ᾰ̓́κροο ákrou / akroîo / ákroio / akróo / ákroo	ᾰ̓́κρης ákrēs	ᾰ̓́κρου / ᾰ̓κροῖο / ᾰ̓́κροιο / ᾰ̓κρόο / ᾰ̓́κροο ákrou / akroîo / ákroio / akróo / ákroo	ᾰ̓́κροιῐν ákroiin	ᾰ̓́κραιν / ᾰ̓́κραιῐν / ᾰ̓́κρῃῐν ákrai(i)n / ákrēiin	ᾰ̓́κροιῐν ákroiin	ᾰ̓́κρων ákrōn	ᾰ̓κρᾱ́ων / ᾰ̓κρέ͜ων / ᾰ̓κρῶν akrā́ōn / akré͜ōn / akrôn	ᾰ̓́κρων ákrōn
Dative	ᾰ̓́κρῳ ákrōi	ᾰ̓́κρῃ ákrēi	ᾰ̓́κρῳ ákrōi	ᾰ̓́κροιῐν ákroiin	ᾰ̓́κραιν / ᾰ̓́κραιῐν / ᾰ̓́κρῃῐν ákrai(i)n / ákrēiin	ᾰ̓́κροιῐν ákroiin	ᾰ̓́κροισῐ / ᾰ̓́κροισῐν / ᾰ̓́κροις ákroisi(n) / ákrois	ᾰ̓́κρῃσῐ / ᾰ̓́κρῃσῐν / ᾰ̓́κρῃς / ᾰ̓́κραις ákrēisi(n) / ákrēis / ákrais	ᾰ̓́κροισῐ / ᾰ̓́κροισῐν / ᾰ̓́κροις ákroisi(n) / ákrois
Accusative	ᾰ̓́κρον ákron	ᾰ̓́κρην ákrēn	ᾰ̓́κρον ákron	ᾰ̓́κρω ákrō	ᾰ̓́κρᾱ ákrā	ᾰ̓́κρω ákrō	ᾰ̓́κρους ákrous	ᾰ̓́κρᾱς ákrās	ᾰ̓́κρᾰ ákra
Vocative	ᾰ̓́κρε ákre	ᾰ̓́κρη ákrē	ᾰ̓́κρον ákron	ᾰ̓́κρω ákrō	ᾰ̓́κρᾱ ákrā	ᾰ̓́κρω ákrō	ᾰ̓́κροι ákroi	ᾰ̓́κραι ákrai	ᾰ̓́κρᾰ ákra
Derived forms	Adverb			Comparative			Superlative
Derived forms	ᾰ̓́κρως ákrōs			ᾰ̓κρότερος akróteros			ᾰ̓κρότᾰτος akrótatos
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Derived terms

Ἄκραι (Ákrai)
ἀκροκώλῐον (akrokṓlion)
ἀκροποσθῐ́ᾱ (akroposthíā)
ἀκροστιχίς (akrostikhís)
Τρινακρία (Trinakría)

Related terms

ἀκή (akḗ)

Descendants

Greek: άκρος (ákros, “extreme”)

References

^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ἄκρος, -α, -ον”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 57

“ἄκρος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“ἄκρος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
“ἄκρος”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
ἄκρος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
ἄκρος in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
ἄκρος in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2024)
“ἄκρος”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
ἄκρος in Trapp, Erich, et al. (1994–2007) Lexikon zur byzantinischen Gräzität besonders des 9.-12. Jahrhunderts [the Lexicon of Byzantine Hellenism, Particularly the 9th–12th Centuries], Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- brim idem, page 98.
- champion idem, page 123.
- consummate idem, page 166.
- edge idem, page 261.
- extreme idem, page 298.
- extremity idem, page 298.
- finished idem, page 321.
- good idem, page 366.
- inmost idem, page 442.
- lip idem, page 494.
- master idem, page 517.
- masterly idem, page 517.
- matchless idem, page 517.
- pastmaster (in) idem, page 598.
- rim idem, page 715.
- skilful idem, page 780.
- supreme idem, page 842.
- tip idem, page 877.
- top idem, page 881.
- topmost idem, page 881.
- uppermost idem, page 938.
- verge idem, page 948.

[1] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ἄκρος, -α, -ον”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 57

[1]