द्रुह्

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• দ্ৰুহ্ (Assamese script)
• ᬤ᭄ᬭᬸᬳ᭄ (Balinese script)
• দ্রুহ্ (Bengali script)
• 𑰟𑰿𑰨𑰲𑰮𑰿 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀤𑁆𑀭𑀼𑀳𑁆 (Brahmi script)
• ဒြုဟ် (Burmese script)
• દ્રુહ્ (Gujarati script)
• ਦ੍ਰੁਹ੍ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌦𑍍𑌰𑍁𑌹𑍍 (Grantha script)
• ꦢꦿꦸꦲ꧀ (Javanese script)
• 𑂠𑂹𑂩𑂳𑂯𑂹 (Kaithi script)
• ದ್ರುಹ್ (Kannada script)
• ទ្រុហ៑ (Khmer script)
• ທ຺ຣຸຫ຺ (Lao script)
• ദ്രുഹ് (Malayalam script)
• ᡩᡵᡠᡥ (Manchu script)
• 𑘟𑘿𑘨𑘳𑘮𑘿 (Modi script)
• ᢑᠷᠤᠾ (Mongolian script)
• 𑦿𑧠𑧈𑧔𑧎𑧠 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐡𑑂𑐬𑐸𑐴𑑂 (Newa script)
• ଦ୍ରୁହ୍ (Odia script)
• ꢣ꣄ꢬꢸꢲ꣄ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆢𑇀𑆫𑆶𑆲𑇀 (Sharada script)
• 𑖟𑖿𑖨𑖲𑖮𑖿 (Siddham script)
• ද්‍රුහ් (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩭 𑪙𑩼𑩒𑪂 𑪙 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚛𑚶𑚤𑚰𑚩𑚶 (Takri script)
• த்³ருஹ் (Tamil script)
• ద్రుహ్ (Telugu script)
• ทฺรุหฺ (Thai script)
• དྲུ་ཧ྄ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒠𑓂𑒩𑒳𑒯𑓂 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨛𑩇𑨫𑨃𑨱𑨴 (Zanabazar Square script)

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /dɾúɦ/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /d̪ɾuɦ/

Etymology 1

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰrúkš ~ *dʰrúǰʰás (“deceit, offence”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰréwgʰ-s ~ *dʰrugʰ-és, from *dʰrewgʰ- (“to deceive, mislead”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬛𐬭𐬎𐬘 (druj, “lie”).

Noun

द्रुह् • (drúh) stem, f

1. injury, harm, offence
2. an injurer; a foe, a demon

Declension

Feminine root-stem declension of द्रुह् (drúh)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ध्रुक् dhrúk	द्रुहौ / द्रुहा¹ drúhau / drúhā¹	द्रुहः drúhaḥ
Vocative	ध्रुक् dhrúk	द्रुहौ / द्रुहा¹ drúhau / drúhā¹	द्रुहः drúhaḥ
Accusative	द्रुहम् drúham	द्रुहौ / द्रुहा¹ drúhau / drúhā¹	द्रुहः drúhaḥ
Instrumental	द्रुहा druhā́	ध्रुग्भ्याम् dhrugbhyā́m	ध्रुग्भिः dhrugbhíḥ
Dative	द्रुहे druhé	ध्रुग्भ्याम् dhrugbhyā́m	ध्रुग्भ्यः dhrugbhyáḥ
Ablative	द्रुहः druháḥ	ध्रुग्भ्याम् dhrugbhyā́m	ध्रुग्भ्यः dhrugbhyáḥ
Genitive	द्रुहः druháḥ	द्रुहोः druhóḥ	द्रुहाम् druhā́m
Locative	द्रुहि druhí	द्रुहोः druhóḥ	ध्रुक्षु dhrukṣú
Notes	¹Vedic

Etymology 2

From Proto-Indo-European *dʰrewgʰ- (“to deceive, mislead”). Cognate with German trügen.

Root

द्रुह् • (druh)

1. to hurt
2. to be hostile to, to seek to harm
3. (Vedic) to deceive, to cheat

Derived terms

Sanskrit terms belonging to the root द्रुह् (0 c, 6 e)

Terms derived from the Sanskrit root द्रुह् (3 c, 0 e)

Primary Verbal Forms

• द्रुह्यति (drúhyati, Present)
• ध्रोक्ष्यति (dhrokṣyáti, Future)
• द्रोग्धा (drogdhā́, Periphrastic Future)
• अद्रुक्षत् (ádrukṣat, Aorist)
• अद्रुग्ध (ádrugdha, Aorist)
• अद्रुहत् (ádruhat, Aorist)
• द्रुह्यात् (druhyāt, Benedictive)
• दुद्रोह (dudróha, Perfect)

Secondary Forms

• अद्रोहि (ádrohi, Passive Aorist)
• द्रोहयति (droháyati, Causative)
• अदुद्रुहत् (ádudruhat, Causative Aorist)
• दुध्रुक्षति (dudhrukṣati, Desiderative)
• दोद्रुह्यते (dodruhyate, Intensive)

Non-Finite Forms

• द्रुग्ध (drugdhá, Past Participle)
• द्रोग्धवै (drogdhavai, Infinitive)
• द्रुग्ध्वा (drugdhvā́, Gerund)
• द्रुह्य (drúhya, Gerund)
• द्रोग्धव्य (drogdhavyà, Gerundive)
• दुध्रुक्षु (dudhrukṣu, Desiderative Participle)

Derived Nominal Forms

• द्रुह् (drúh)
• द्रुहु (druhú)
• द्रुह्यु (druhyú)
• द्रुह्वन् (drúhvan)
• द्रोग्धृ (drogdhṛ)
• द्रोघ (drógha)
• द्रोह (droha)
• द्रोहिन् (drohin)

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “द्रुह्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 502, column 2.
• William Dwight Whitney, 1885, The Roots, Verb-forms, and Primary Derivatives of the Sanskrit Language, Leipzig: Breitkopf and Härtel, page 80
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) “DROGH”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 760