ग्राम

See also: गर्मी, गरमी, and गर्म

Hindi

Pronunciation

• (Delhi) IPA^(key): /ɡɾɑːm/, [ɡɾä̃ːm]

Etymology 1

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit ग्राम (grāma).

Noun

ग्राम • (grām) m (Urdu spelling گرام)

1. village

   Synonym: गाँव (gā̃v)

Declension

Declension of ग्राम (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	ग्राम grām	ग्राम grām
oblique	ग्राम grām	ग्रामों grāmõ
vocative	ग्राम grām	ग्रामो grāmo

Etymology 2

Borrowed from English gram.

Noun

ग्राम • (grām) m (Urdu spelling گرام)

1. gramme

Declension

Declension of ग्राम (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	ग्राम grām	ग्राम grām
oblique	ग्राम grām	ग्रामों grāmõ
vocative	ग्राम grām	ग्रामो grāmo

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• গ্ৰাম (Assamese script)
• ᬕ᭄ᬭᬵᬫ (Balinese script)
• গ্রাম (Bengali script)
• 𑰐𑰿𑰨𑰯𑰦 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀕𑁆𑀭𑀸𑀫 (Brahmi script)
• ဂြာမ (Burmese script)
• ગ્રામ (Gujarati script)
• ਗ੍ਰਾਮ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌗𑍍𑌰𑌾𑌮 (Grantha script)
• ꦒꦿꦴꦩ (Javanese script)
• 𑂏𑂹𑂩𑂰𑂧 (Kaithi script)
• ಗ್ರಾಮ (Kannada script)
• គ្រាម (Khmer script)
• ຄ຺ຣາມ (Lao script)
• ഗ്രാമ (Malayalam script)
• ᡤᡵᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᠮᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘐𑘿𑘨𑘰𑘦 (Modi script)
• ᠺᠷᠠᢗᠮᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑦰𑧠𑧈𑧑𑧆 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐐𑑂𑐬𑐵𑐩 (Newa script)
• ଗ୍ରାମ (Odia script)
• ꢔ꣄ꢬꢵꢪ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆓𑇀𑆫𑆳𑆩 (Sharada script)
• 𑖐𑖿𑖨𑖯𑖦 (Siddham script)
• ග්‍රාම (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩞 𑪙𑩼𑩛𑩴 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚌𑚶𑚤𑚭𑚢 (Takri script)
• க்³ராம (Tamil script)
• గ్రామ (Telugu script)
• คฺราม (Thai script)
• གྲཱ་མ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒑𑓂𑒩𑒰𑒧 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨍𑩇𑨫𑨊𑨢 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *grā́mas, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *grā́mas, from Proto-Indo-European *(h₂)gróm-os, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ger- (“to assemble, gather together”). Cognate with Middle Persian [script needed] (grāmag, “property, wealth”).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɡɾɑ́ː.mɐ/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈɡɾɑː.mɐ/

Noun

ग्राम • (grāma) stem, m

1. an inhabited place, village, hamlet, settlement
2. the collective inhabitants of place, community, race
3. any number of men associated together, multitude, troop (especially of soldiers)
4. the old women of a family
5. a multitude, class, collection, number
6. a number of tones, scale, gamut
7. indriya
8. inhabitants, people

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of ग्राम (grā́ma)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ग्रामः grā́maḥ	ग्रामौ / ग्रामा¹ grā́mau / grā́mā¹	ग्रामाः / ग्रामासः¹ grā́māḥ / grā́māsaḥ¹
Vocative	ग्राम grā́ma	ग्रामौ / ग्रामा¹ grā́mau / grā́mā¹	ग्रामाः / ग्रामासः¹ grā́māḥ / grā́māsaḥ¹
Accusative	ग्रामम् grā́mam	ग्रामौ / ग्रामा¹ grā́mau / grā́mā¹	ग्रामान् grā́mān
Instrumental	ग्रामेण grā́meṇa	ग्रामाभ्याम् grā́mābhyām	ग्रामैः / ग्रामेभिः¹ grā́maiḥ / grā́mebhiḥ¹
Dative	ग्रामाय grā́māya	ग्रामाभ्याम् grā́mābhyām	ग्रामेभ्यः grā́mebhyaḥ
Ablative	ग्रामात् grā́māt	ग्रामाभ्याम् grā́mābhyām	ग्रामेभ्यः grā́mebhyaḥ
Genitive	ग्रामस्य grā́masya	ग्रामयोः grā́mayoḥ	ग्रामाणाम् grā́māṇām
Locative	ग्रामे grā́me	ग्रामयोः grā́mayoḥ	ग्रामेषु grā́meṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Noun

ग्राम • (grāma) stem, n

1. village
2. flock

Declension

Neuter a-stem declension of ग्राम (grāma)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ग्रामम् grāmam	ग्रामे grāme	ग्रामाणि / ग्रामा¹ grāmāṇi / grāmā¹
Vocative	ग्राम grāma	ग्रामे grāme	ग्रामाणि / ग्रामा¹ grāmāṇi / grāmā¹
Accusative	ग्रामम् grāmam	ग्रामे grāme	ग्रामाणि / ग्रामा¹ grāmāṇi / grāmā¹
Instrumental	ग्रामेण grāmeṇa	ग्रामाभ्याम् grāmābhyām	ग्रामैः / ग्रामेभिः¹ grāmaiḥ / grāmebhiḥ¹
Dative	ग्रामाय grāmāya	ग्रामाभ्याम् grāmābhyām	ग्रामेभ्यः grāmebhyaḥ
Ablative	ग्रामात् grāmāt	ग्रामाभ्याम् grāmābhyām	ग्रामेभ्यः grāmebhyaḥ
Genitive	ग्रामस्य grāmasya	ग्रामयोः grāmayoḥ	ग्रामाणाम् grāmāṇām
Locative	ग्रामे grāme	ग्रामयोः grāmayoḥ	ग्रामेषु grāmeṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Descendants

• Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀕𑀸𑀫 (gāma)
  • Prakrit: 𑀕𑀸𑀫 (gāma) (see there for further descendants)
  • Bengali: গাঁ (gā)
• Dardic:
  • Dameli: [script needed] (gram)
  • Gawar-Bati: [script needed] (lām)
  • Grangali: [script needed] (lām)
  • Indus Kohistani: [script needed] (gā̃)
  • Kalami: [script needed] (lām)
  • Kalasha: grom
  • Khowar: [script needed] (gram) (in compounds)
  • Kashmiri: گام (gām)
  • Northeast Pashayi: [script needed] (lāma)
  • Phalura: [script needed] (grōm)
  • Savi: [script needed] (grām)
  • Shina: [script needed] (gām)
  • Shumashti: [script needed] (lām)
  • Southeast Pashayi: [script needed] (lām)
  • Torwali: [script needed] (gām)
  • Wotapuri-Katarqalai: [script needed] (gām)
• Pali: gāma
• Old Punjabi:
  • Punjabi: grāṉ (“village”)

    Gurmukhi script: ਗਰਾਂ

    Shahmukhi script: گراں

  • Pahari-Potwari: گراں (grāṉ, “village”)
• → Tamil: கிராமம் (kirāmam)
• → Assamese: গ্ৰাম (gram) (learned)
• → Bengali: গ্রাম (gram) (learned)
  • → Rohingya: gram
• → Hindi: ग्राम (grām) (learned)
• → Kannada: ಗ್ರಾಮ (grāma) (learned)
• → Marathi: ग्राम (grām) (learned)
• → Punjabi: ਗਰਾਮ (garām) (learned)
• → Telugu: గ్రామము (grāmamu) (learned)
• → Bengali: গেরাম (geram) (semi-learned)
• → Sylheti: ꠉꠦꠞꠣꠝ (geram) (semi-learned)

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “ग्राम”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0373/1.
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen‎^[1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 507-508
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “grāˊma”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press