कोटि

See also: कांटा, कीट, काँटा, and कौट

Sanskrit

**Sanskrit numbers ^(edit)**
← 10,000	^{[a], [b]} ← 1,000,000 (10⁶)	१००००००० 10,000,000 (10⁷)	100,000,000 (10⁸) →	10,000,000,000 (10¹⁰) →
Cardinal: कोटि (koṭi)

Alternative scripts

কোটি (Assamese script)
ᬓᭀᬝᬶ (Balinese script)
কোটি (Bengali script)
𑰎𑰺𑰘𑰰 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀓𑁄𑀝𑀺 (Brahmi script)
ကောဋိ (Burmese script)
કોટિ (Gujarati script)
ਕੋਟਿ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌕𑍋𑌟𑌿 (Grantha script)
ꦏꦺꦴꦛꦶ (Javanese script)
𑂍𑂷𑂗𑂱 (Kaithi script)
ಕೋಟಿ (Kannada script)
កោដិ (Khmer script)
ໂກຏິ (Lao script)
കോടി (Malayalam script)
ᡬᠣᢞᡳ (Manchu script)
𑘎𑘻𑘘𑘱 (Modi script)
ᢉᠣᠸᠠᢌᠢ (Mongolian script)
𑦮𑧜𑦸𑧒 (Nandinagari script)
𑐎𑑀𑐚𑐶 (Newa script)
କୋଟି (Odia script)
ꢒꣂꢜꢶ (Saurashtra script)
𑆑𑆾𑆛𑆴 (Sharada script)
𑖎𑖺𑖘𑖰 (Siddham script)
කොටි (Sinhalese script)
𑩜𑩕𑩦𑩑 (Soyombo script)
𑚊𑚴𑚔𑚮 (Takri script)
கோடி (Tamil script)
కోటి (Telugu script)
โกฏิ (Thai script)
ཀོ་ཊི (Tibetan script)
𑒏𑒼𑒙𑒱 (Tirhuta script)
𑨋𑨆𑨔𑨁 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Of uncertain origin.

For the "curved end of a bow, tip" meanings, Burrow compares Latin cautēs (“pointy rock”). He also considered a borrowing from Dravidian in the past, but later rejects this.

The "large number" meaning is often considered to be of a separate origin from the other meanings, and is traditionally considered of substrate (possibly Munda) origin; compare Bodo Gadaba [script needed] (koɽi, “twenty”) (in small-scale counting, 20 would be considered a large number). However, Mayrhofer later doubts this derivation, and considers the "large number" meaning as a semantic transfer from the "tip" meaning.

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /kɐw.ʈi/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈkoː.ʈi/

Noun

कोटि • (koṭi) stem, f

the curved end of a bow or of claws, end or top of anything, edge or point (of a sword), horns or cusps (of the moon)
the highest point, eminence, excellence, end, extremity
‘a point or side in an argument or disputation’, (if there are two) ‘alternative’
the complement of an arc to 90 degrees
the perpendicular side of a right-angled triangle
Medicago esculenta
the highest number in the older system of numbers; a krore, ten million (10,000,000), or 100 lakhs (1,00,00,000) in the South Asian numeral system

Declension

Feminine i-stem declension of कोटि (koṭi)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	कोटिः koṭiḥ	कोटी koṭī	कोटयः koṭayaḥ
Vocative	कोटे koṭe	कोटी koṭī	कोटयः koṭayaḥ
Accusative	कोटिम् koṭim	कोटी koṭī	कोटीः koṭīḥ
Instrumental	कोट्या / कोटी¹ koṭyā / koṭī¹	कोटिभ्याम् koṭibhyām	कोटिभिः koṭibhiḥ
Dative	कोटये / कोट्यै² / कोटी¹ koṭaye / koṭyai² / koṭī¹	कोटिभ्याम् koṭibhyām	कोटिभ्यः koṭibhyaḥ
Ablative	कोटेः / कोट्याः² / कोट्यै³ koṭeḥ / koṭyāḥ² / koṭyai³	कोटिभ्याम् koṭibhyām	कोटिभ्यः koṭibhyaḥ
Genitive	कोटेः / कोट्याः² / कोट्यै³ koṭeḥ / koṭyāḥ² / koṭyai³	कोट्योः koṭyoḥ	कोटीनाम् koṭīnām
Locative	कोटौ / कोट्याम्² / कोटा¹ koṭau / koṭyām² / koṭā¹	कोट्योः koṭyoḥ	कोटिषु koṭiṣu
Notes	¹Vedic ²Later Sanskrit ³Brāhmaṇas

Descendants

Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀓𑁄𑀟𑀺 (koḍi)
- Pali: koṭi
  - → Khmer: កោដិ (kaot)
  - → Burmese: ကုဋေ (ku.te)
  - → Thai: โกฏิ (gòot)
- Prakrit: 𑀓𑁄𑀟𑀺 (koḍi)
  - Central:
    - Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀓𑁄𑀟𑀺 (koḍi):
      - Hindustani: karoṛ koṛī, kor, korī
        Hindi: करोड़, कोड़ी, कोर, कोरी
        Urdu: کروڑ, کوڑِی, کور, کورِی
        → English: crore
  - Eastern:
    - > Odia: କୋଡ଼ିଏ (koṛie) (inherited)
  - Northern:
    - Khasa Prakrit:
      - Nepali: करोड (karoḍ)
  - Northwestern:
    - Paisaci Prakrit:
      - Vracada Apabhramsa:
        Sindhi: koṛi
        Devanagari script: कोड़ि
        Arabic script: ڪوڙِ
  - Southern:
    - Helu Prakrit:
      - Dhivehi: ކޮޅު (koḷu), ކެޑެ (keḍe)
      - Sinhalese: කෙළ (keḷa)
    - Maharastri Prakrit:
      - Marathi: करोड (karoḍ)
  - Western:
    - Sauraseni Prakrit:
      - Gujarati: કરોડ (karoḍ)

Borrowed terms

→ Assamese: কোটি (kûti)
→ Bengali: কোটি (kōṭi)
→ Hindi: कोटि (koṭi)
→ Kannada: ಕೋಟಿ (kōṭi)
→ Malay: keti
- Indonesian: keti
- → Malagasy: hetsi
→ Malayalam: കോടി (kōṭi)
→ Odia: କୋଟି (kōṭi)
→ Punjabi: ਕੋਟੀ (koṭī)
→ Tagalog: kati
→ Tamil: கோடி (kōṭi)
→ Telugu: కోటి (kōṭi)
→ Tocharian A: kor (learned)
→ Tocharian B: koṭ (learned)

References

Monier Williams (1899) “कोटि”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 312/3.
Mayrhofer, Manfred (2001) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 3, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 124
Mayrhofer, Manfred (1956) Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary]‎^[2] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 270
Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “koti”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 181