कला

See also: केला

Hindi

कला on Hindi Wikipedia

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit कला (kalā).

Pronunciation

(Delhi) IPA^(key): /kə.lɑː/, [kɐ.läː]

Noun

कला • (kalā) f (Urdu spelling کلا)

art

Declension

Declension of कला (fem ā-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	कला kalā	कलाएँ kalāẽ
oblique	कला kalā	कलाओं kalāõ
vocative	कला kalā	कलाओ kalāo

Marathi

Marathi Wikipedia has an article on:

कला

Wikipedia ^mr

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit कला (kalā). Cognate with Gujarati કલા (kalā), Hindi कला (kalā), Konkani कला (kalā), Nepali कला (kalā).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /kə.la/
Audio: (file)

Noun

कला • (kalā) f

art

Declension

Declension of कला (fem ā-stem)
direct singular	कला kalā
direct plural	कला kalā
	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन
nominative प्रथमा	कला kalā	कला kalā
oblique सामान्यरूप	कले kale	कलां- kalān-
acc. / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी	कलेला kalelā	कलांना kalānnā
ergative	कलेने, कलेनं kalene, kalena	कलांनी kalānnī
instrumental	कलेशी kaleśī	कलांशी kalānśī
locative सप्तमी	कलेत kalet	कलांत kalāt
vocative संबोधन	कले kale	कलांनो kalānno
Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition.

Genitive declension of कला (fem ā-stem)
	masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म		feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म		neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म		oblique सामान्यरूप
	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular^* एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	oblique सामान्यरूप
singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता	कलेचा kaleċā	कलेचे kaleċe	कलेची kalecī	कलेच्या kalecā	कलेचे, कलेचं kaleċe, kaleċa	कलेची kalecī	कलेच्या kalecā
plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता	कलांचा kalānċā	कलांचे kalānċe	कलांची kalāñcī	कलांच्या kalāncā	कलांचे, कलांचं kalānċe, kalānċa	कलांची kalāñcī	कलांच्या kalāñcā
^* Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition.

Derived terms

कलाकार (kalākār, “artist”)
कलाकुसर (kalākusar, “craft work”)
कलाकृती (kalākŕtī, “artwork”)

References

Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983) “कला”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies
Molesworth, James Thomas (1857) “कला”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press
Shridhar Ganesh Vaze (1911) “कला”, in The Aryabhusan School Dictionary, Poona: Arya-Bhushan Press

Old Gujarati

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit कला (kalā).

Noun

कला • (kalā) f

art

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

কলা (Assamese script)
ᬓᬮᬵ (Balinese script)
কলা (Bengali script)
𑰎𑰩𑰯 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀓𑀮𑀸 (Brahmi script)
ကလာ (Burmese script)
કલા (Gujarati script)
ਕਲਾ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌕𑌲𑌾 (Grantha script)
ꦏꦭꦴ (Javanese script)
𑂍𑂪𑂰 (Kaithi script)
ಕಲಾ (Kannada script)
កលា (Khmer script)
ກລາ (Lao script)
കലാ (Malayalam script)
ᡬᠠᠯᠠᢇ (Manchu script)
𑘎𑘩𑘰 (Modi script)
ᢉᠠᠯᠠ᠋᠎ᠠ (Mongolian script)
𑦮𑧉𑧑 (Nandinagari script)
𑐎𑐮𑐵 (Newa script)
କଲା (Odia script)
ꢒꢭꢵ (Saurashtra script)
𑆑𑆬𑆳 (Sharada script)
𑖎𑖩𑖯 (Siddham script)
කලා (Sinhalese script)
𑩜𑩽𑩛 (Soyombo script)
𑚊𑚥𑚭 (Takri script)
கலா (Tamil script)
కలా (Telugu script)
กลา (Thai script)
ཀ་ལཱ (Tibetan script)
𑒏𑒪𑒰 (Tirhuta script)
𑨋𑨬𑨊 (Zanabazar Square script)

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /kɐ.lɑː/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈkɐ.l̪ɑː/

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Dravidian *kal-ay 'art, skill' related to *kal meaning to learn. Compare கலை (kalai).

Noun

कला • (kalā) stem, f

a small part of anything, any single part or portion of a whole, especially a sixteenth part
a digit or one-sixteenth of the moon’s diameter
a symbolical expression for the number sixteen
interest on a capital (considered as a certain part of it)
a division of time (said to be 1/900 of a day or 1-6 minutes; or 1/1800 of a day or 0-8 minutes commentator or commentary on; or 2 minutes and 26 54/201 seconds; or 1 minute and 35 205/301, seconds, or 8 seconds)
the sixtieth part of one-thirtieth of a zodiacal sign, a minute of a degree
(prosody) a syllabic instant
a term for the seven substrata of the elements or Dhatus of the human body (viz. flesh, blood, fat, phlegm, urine, bile, and semen)
an atom (there are 3015 kalā-s or atoms in every one of the six dhātu-s, not counting the rasa-,therefore in all 18090)
(with pāśupata-s) the elements of the gross or material world
an embryo shortly after conception
a designation of the three constituent parts of a sacrifice (viz. mantra-, dravya- and śraddhā-)
the menstrual discharge
any practical art, any mechanical or fine art (sixty-four are enumerated in the śaivatantra-;the following is a list of them: gītam-, vādyam-, nṛtyam-, nāṭyam-, ālekhyam-, viśeṣaka-cchedyam-, taṇḍula-kusuma-balivikārāḥ-, puṣpāstaranam-, daśana-vasanāṅgarāgāḥ-, maṇi-bhūmikā-karma-, śayana-racanam-, udaka-vādyam-, udaka-ghātaḥ-, citrā yogāḥ-, mālya-granthana-vikalpāḥ-, keśa-śekharāpīḍayojanam-, nepathya-yogāḥ-, karṇa-pattra-bhaṅgāḥ-, gandha-yuktiḥ-, bhūṣaṇa-yojanam-, indrajālam-, kaucumāra-yogāḥ-, hasta-lāghavam-, citraśākāpūpa-bhakṣya-vikāra-kriyā-, pānaka-rasarāgāsava-yojanam-, sūcīvāpa-karma-, vīṇā-ḍama-ruka-sūtra-krīḍā-, prahelikā-, pratimā-, durvacakayogāḥ-, pustaka-vācanam-, nāṭakākhyāyikā-darśanam-, kāvya-samasyā-pūraṇam-, paṭṭikā-vetrabāṇa-vikalpāḥ-, tarkū-karmāṇi-, takṣaṇam-, vāstu-vidyā-, rūpya-ratna-parīkṣā-, dhātu-vādaḥ-, maṇi-rāga-jñānam-, ākara-jñānam-, vṛkṣāyur-veda-yogāḥ-, meṣa-kukkuṭa-lāvaka-yuddha-vidhiḥ-, śuka-sārikā-pralāpanam-, utsādanam-, keśa-mārjana-kauśalam-, akṣara-muṣṭikā-kathanam-, mlechitaka-vikalpāḥ-, deśa-bhāṣā-jñānam-, puṣpa-śakaṭikā-nimitta-jñānam-, yantra-mātṛkā-, dhāraṇa-mātṛkā-, saṃpāṭyam-, mānasī kāvya-kriyā-, kriyā-vikalpāḥ-, chalitakayogāḥ-, abhidhāna-koṣa-cchando-jñānam-, vastra-gopanāni-, dyūta-viśeṣaḥ-, ākarṣaṇa-krīḍā-, bālaka-krīḍanakāni-, vaināyikīnāṃ vidyāṇāṃ jñānam-, vaijayikīnāṃ vidyānāṃ jñānam-)
skill, ingenuity
ignorance
a low and sweet tone
name of a grammatical commentary

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Dravidian, compare Tamil கலம் (kalam).

Noun

कला • (kalā) stem, f

a boat

Declension

Feminine ā-stem declension of कला (kalā)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	कला kalā	कले kale	कलाः kalāḥ
Vocative	कले kale	कले kale	कलाः kalāḥ
Accusative	कलाम् kalām	कले kale	कलाः kalāḥ
Instrumental	कलया / कला¹ kalayā / kalā¹	कलाभ्याम् kalābhyām	कलाभिः kalābhiḥ
Dative	कलायै kalāyai	कलाभ्याम् kalābhyām	कलाभ्यः kalābhyaḥ
Ablative	कलायाः / कलायै² kalāyāḥ / kalāyai²	कलाभ्याम् kalābhyām	कलाभ्यः kalābhyaḥ
Genitive	कलायाः / कलायै² kalāyāḥ / kalāyai²	कलयोः kalayoḥ	कलानाम् kalānām
Locative	कलायाम् kalāyām	कलयोः kalayoḥ	कलासु kalāsu
Notes	¹Vedic ²Brāhmaṇas

Descendants

Central:
- Hindustani:
  - Hindi: कल (kal)
  - Urdu: کَل (kal)
Dardic:
- Kashmiri:
  - Arabic script: کَل (kal)
  - Devanagari script: कल (kal)
Northwestern:
- Lahnda: کَل
- Punjabi:
  - Gurmukhi script: ਕਲ਼ (kaḷ)
  - Shahmukhi script: کَلؕ (kaḷ)
- Sindhi:
  - Arabic script: ڪَل
  - Devanagari script: कल
Southern:
- Dhivehi: ކާލި (kāli)
- Marathi: कळ् (kaḷ)
- Sinhalese: කල (kala)
Eastern:
- Bengali: কল (kol)
- Odia: କଳ (kaḷa)
Western:
- Gujarati: કળ (kaḷ)
→ Newar:
- Devanagari script: कल (kala)
- Newa script: 𑐎𑐮 (kala)

Proper noun

कला • (kalā) stem, f

a wife of Marichi
a name of Sati (Hindu goddess)

Declension

Feminine ā-stem declension of कला (kalā)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	कला kalā	कले kale	कलाः kalāḥ
Vocative	कले kale	कले kale	कलाः kalāḥ
Accusative	कलाम् kalām	कले kale	कलाः kalāḥ
Instrumental	कलया / कला¹ kalayā / kalā¹	कलाभ्याम् kalābhyām	कलाभिः kalābhiḥ
Dative	कलायै kalāyai	कलाभ्याम् kalābhyām	कलाभ्यः kalābhyaḥ
Ablative	कलायाः / कलायै² kalāyāḥ / kalāyai²	कलाभ्याम् kalābhyām	कलाभ्यः kalābhyaḥ
Genitive	कलायाः / कलायै² kalāyāḥ / kalāyai²	कलयोः kalayoḥ	कलानाम् kalānām
Locative	कलायाम् kalāyām	कलयोः kalayoḥ	कलासु kalāsu
Notes	¹Vedic ²Brāhmaṇas

References

Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “kalā́”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 149

सफ़ेद (safed), श्वेत (śvet), ऊजर (ūjar)	धूसर (dhūsar), छाई (chāī)	काला (kālā), कृष्ण (kŕṣṇa), श्याम (śyām)
लाल (lāl), लोहित (lohit), सुर्ख़ (surx), राता (rātā); गहरा लाल (gahrā lāl), क़िरमिज़ी (qirmizī)	नारंगी (nāraṅgī), माल्टा (mālṭā); भूरा (bhūrā), पिङ्गल (piṅgal)	पीला (pīlā), पियर (piyar), पीत (pīt); मलाई (malāī)
नींबू (nīmbū), सुगा पंछी (sugā pañchī)	हरा (harā), हरित (harit)
फ़िरोज़ा (firozā)	आसमानी (āsmānī)	नीला (nīlā), नील (nīl)
जामुनी (jāmunī); नील (nīl)	रानी (rānī); बैंगनी (baiṅgnī), जामुनी (jāmunī)	गुलाबी (gulābī), पाटल (pāṭal)