ցախ

Armenian

Etymology

Inherited from Old Armenian ցախ (cʻax).

Pronunciation

• (Eastern Armenian) IPA^(key): /t͡sʰɑχ/, [t͡sʰɑχ]
• (Western Armenian) IPA^(key): /t͡sɑχ/, [t͡sʰɑχ]

Noun

ցախ • (cʻax)

1. brushwood, dry twigs for fire; firewood
2. twigs put near a silkworm, on which it starts spinning its silk cocoon

Declension

i-type, inanimate (Eastern Armenian)

	singular	plural
nominative	ցախ (cʻax)	ցախեր (cʻaxer)
dative	ցախի (cʻaxi)	ցախերի (cʻaxeri)
ablative	ցախից (cʻaxicʻ)	ցախերից (cʻaxericʻ)
instrumental	ցախով (cʻaxov)	ցախերով (cʻaxerov)
locative	ցախում (cʻaxum)	ցախերում (cʻaxerum)
	definite forms
nominative	ցախը/ցախն (cʻaxə/cʻaxn)	ցախերը/ցախերն (cʻaxerə/cʻaxern)
dative	ցախին (cʻaxin)	ցախերին (cʻaxerin)
	1st person possessive forms (my)
nominative	ցախս (cʻaxs)	ցախերս (cʻaxers)
dative	ցախիս (cʻaxis)	ցախերիս (cʻaxeris)
ablative	ցախիցս (cʻaxicʻs)	ցախերիցս (cʻaxericʻs)
instrumental	ցախովս (cʻaxovs)	ցախերովս (cʻaxerovs)
locative	ցախումս (cʻaxums)	ցախերումս (cʻaxerums)
	2nd person possessive forms (your)
nominative	ցախդ (cʻaxd)	ցախերդ (cʻaxerd)
dative	ցախիդ (cʻaxid)	ցախերիդ (cʻaxerid)
ablative	ցախիցդ (cʻaxicʻd)	ցախերիցդ (cʻaxericʻd)
instrumental	ցախովդ (cʻaxovd)	ցախերովդ (cʻaxerovd)
locative	ցախումդ (cʻaxumd)	ցախերումդ (cʻaxerumd)

Derived terms

• ցախանոց (cʻaxanocʻ)
• ցախավել (cʻaxavel)
• ցախատուն (cʻaxatun)

Related terms

• ցաք (cʻakʻ)

Old Armenian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *ḱokHo-. Cognates include Sanskrit शाखा (śākhā, “branch”), Gothic 𐌷𐍉𐌷𐌰 (hōha, “plough”), Old East Slavic соха (soxa, “stake, club, brace, plough”), Lithuanian šakà (“branch”), Old Irish géc (“branch”) and Persian شاخ (šâx, “branch”). Dialectal ցաք (cʻakʻ) is of the same origin.

Noun

ցախ • (cʻax)

1. (botany) ash tree or maple tree
2. branch, twig with leaves
3. scrub, brush, thicket
4. brushwood, dry twigs for fire, firewood
5. (botany) heather
6. (as an adjective, figuratively) tangled in a dense mass

   ցախ մօրուք ― cʻax mōrukʻ ― matted beard

Declension

i-type

	singular	plural
nominative	ցախ (cʻax)	ցախք (cʻaxkʻ)
genitive	ցախի (cʻaxi)	ցախից (cʻaxicʻ)
dative	ցախի (cʻaxi)	ցախից (cʻaxicʻ)
accusative	ցախ (cʻax)	ցախս (cʻaxs)
ablative	ցախէ (cʻaxē)	ցախից (cʻaxicʻ)
instrumental	ցախիւ (cʻaxiw)	ցախիւք (cʻaxiwkʻ)
locative	ցախի (cʻaxi)	ցախս (cʻaxs)

o-type

	singular	plural
nominative	ցախ (cʻax)	ցախք (cʻaxkʻ)
genitive	ցախոյ (cʻaxoy)	ցախոց (cʻaxocʻ)
dative	ցախոյ (cʻaxoy)	ցախոց (cʻaxocʻ)
accusative	ցախ (cʻax)	ցախս (cʻaxs)
ablative	ցախոյ (cʻaxoy)	ցախոց (cʻaxocʻ)
instrumental	ցախով (cʻaxov)	ցախովք (cʻaxovkʻ)
locative	ցախ (cʻax)	ցախս (cʻaxs)

Derived terms

• կապարցախ (kaparcʻax)
• կապրցախ (kaprcʻax)
• ցախեայ (cʻaxeay)
• ցախեմ (cʻaxem)
• ցախսարեկ (cʻaxsarek)

Descendants

• Armenian: ցախ (cʻax)
• Georgian: ცახი (caxi), ცახე (caxe)

References

• Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1971–1979) “ցախ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press
• Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1836–1837) “ցախ”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
• Matasović, Ranko (2009) A Grammatical Sketch of Classical Armenian‎^[1], Zagreb, page 11
• Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) “c‘ax”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, pages 619–621
• Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “ցախ”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy