πτήσσω
Appearance
Ancient Greek
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]- πτώσσω (ptṓssō)
Etymology
[edit]The root is extensively discussed by Hackstein: according to him, Tocharian B pyāk-tsi (“to strike down”) is related, which requires a reconstruction of the root as *pieh₂(k)-. Also cognate are πτοέω (ptoéō, “to be scared, dismayed”) and πταίω (ptaíō, “to stumble, trip”) and, from other Indo-European languages, Lithuanian piáuti (“to cut, mow”) and perhaps Latin paviō (“to beat, strike”). However, according to Beekes, there are two problems with this reconstruction: first, the semantic connection between the Tocharian word and this verb is not evident, and second, it neglects the evidence of πτωχός (ptōkhós, “beggar”), which is clearly related and shows a Pre-Greek alternation.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /ptɛ̌ːs.sɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈpte̝s.so/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈptis.so/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈptis.so/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈpti.so/
Verb
[edit]πτήσσω • (ptḗssō)
- (causal) to scare, alarm, terrify
- (intransitive) to crouch or cower for fear
- (of men in ambush) to crouch
Inflection
[edit] Present: πτήσσω, πτήσσομαι
Imperfect: ἔπτησσον, ἐπτησσόμην
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἔπτησσον | ἔπτησσες | ἔπτησσε(ν) | ἐπτήσσετον | ἐπτησσέτην | ἐπτήσσομεν | ἐπτήσσετε | ἔπτησσον | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐπτησσόμην | ἐπτήσσου | ἐπτήσσετο | ἐπτήσσεσθον | ἐπτησσέσθην | ἐπτησσόμεθᾰ | ἐπτήσσεσθε | ἐπτήσσοντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | πτήξω | πτήξεις | πτήξει | πτήξετον | πτήξετον | πτήξομεν | πτήξετε | πτήξουσῐ(ν) | ||||
optative | πτήξοιμῐ | πτήξοις | πτήξοι | πτήξοιτον | πτηξοίτην | πτήξοιμεν | πτήξοιτε | πτήξοιεν | |||||
middle | indicative | πτήξομαι | πτήξῃ, πτήξει |
πτήξεται | πτήξεσθον | πτήξεσθον | πτηξόμεθᾰ | πτήξεσθε | πτήξονται | ||||
optative | πτηξοίμην | πτήξοιο | πτήξοιτο | πτήξοισθον | πτηξοίσθην | πτηξοίμεθᾰ | πτήξοισθε | πτήξοιντο | |||||
passive | indicative | πτηχθήσομαι | πτηχθήσῃ | πτηχθήσεται | πτηχθήσεσθον | πτηχθήσεσθον | πτηχθησόμεθᾰ | πτηχθήσεσθε | πτηχθήσονται | ||||
optative | πτηχθησοίμην | πτηχθήσοιο | πτηχθήσοιτο | πτηχθήσοισθον | πτηχθησοίσθην | πτηχθησοίμεθᾰ | πτηχθήσοισθε | πτηχθήσοιντο | |||||
active | middle | passive | |||||||||||
infinitive | πτήξειν | πτήξεσθαι | πτηχθήσεσθαι | ||||||||||
participle | m | πτήξων | πτηξόμενος | πτηχθησόμενος | |||||||||
f | πτήξουσᾰ | πτηξομένη | πτηχθησομένη | ||||||||||
n | πτῆξον | πτηξόμενον | πτηχθησόμενον | ||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
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Derived terms
[edit]- καταπτήσσω (kataptḗssō)
- πτῆξῐς (ptêxis)
- ὑποπτήσσω (hupoptḗssō)
Further reading
[edit]- “πτήσσω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “πτήσσω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “πτήσσω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- πτήσσω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- πτήσσω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN