áss

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ass"

Hungarian

Alternative forms

• ássál

Etymology

ás +‎ -j

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈaːʃː]
• Rhymes: -aːʃː

Verb

áss

1. second-person singular subjunctive present indefinite of ás

Old Irish

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *ɸāstom, from Proto-Indo-European *peh₂- (“to protect, shepherd”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈaːs/

Noun

áss n

1. growth
   • c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 22^a17

     Uisse in boill dó ass ón chiunn.

     [It is] proper for the members to grow from the head.

   • c. 815-840, “The Monastery of Tallaght”, in Edward J. Gwynn, Walter J. Purton, transl., Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, volume 29, Royal Irish Academy, published 1911-1912, paragraph 68, pages 115-179:

     Ba erdath ⁊ ba lith mor iarum la Colum Cille ann dogress dona braithribh. Ass n-ingnama doib: ann nobithe tremsi oc aurcilliud ⁊ oc legcude usce trit. Feil na n-Airemon leisom insin fo bithin is ann for·centai a n-as.

     A great festivity and merrymaking was regularly allowed by Colum Cille thereafter to the brethren. The growth of the crops was given to them then: three months were spent in tending and watering them. He called that the Feast of the Ploughmen, because it was then that the crops reached their full growth.

2. verbal noun of ásaid (“to grow”)

Inflection

Neuter o-stem
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ássN	—	—
Vocative	ássN	—	—
Accusative	ássN	—	—
Genitive	áissL	—	—
Dative	ássL	—	—
Initial mutations of a following adjective: H = triggers aspiration L = triggers lenition N = triggers nasalization

Derived terms

• ásaid

Descendants

• Middle Irish: ás
  • Irish: fás
  • Scottish Gaelic: fàs
  • Manx: aase

Mutation

Old Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Nasalization
áss (pronounced with /h/ in h-prothesis environments)	unchanged	n-áss
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 ás”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Old Norse

Etymology 1

From Proto-Germanic *ansaz ("beam").

Noun

áss m (genitive áss, plural ásar)

1. a thick pole, main beam (in a house)
2. (nautical) the yard of a sail

Declension

  Declension of áss (strong a-stem)

masculine	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	áss	ássinn	ásar	ásarnir
accusative	ás	ásinn	ása	ásana
dative	ási	ásinum	ásum	ásunum
genitive	áss	ássins	ása	ásanna

Derived terms

• ásstubbi m (“the stump of a beam”)

Descendants

• Icelandic: ás
• Faroese: ásur
• Norwegian Nynorsk: ås
• Norwegian Bokmål: ås
• Danish: ås
• Swedish: ås, takås

Etymology 2

Likely from Proto-Germanic *amsaz (“shoulder”).

Noun

áss m (genitive áss, plural ásar)

1. a rocky ridge

Declension

  Declension of áss (strong a-stem)

masculine	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	áss	ássinn	ásar	ásarnir
accusative	ás	ásinn	ása	ásana
dative	ási	ásinum	ásum	ásunum
genitive	áss	ássins	ása	ásanna

Descendants

• Icelandic: ás
• Faroese: ásur
• Norwegian Nynorsk: ås
• Norwegian Bokmål: ås
• Elfdalian: ǫs
• Swedish: ås
• Danish: ås

References

• áss in An Icelandic-English Dictionary, R. Cleasby and G. Vigfússon, Clarendon Press, 1874, at Internet Archive.
• áss in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, G. T. Zoëga, Clarendon Press, 1910, at Internet Archive.

Etymology 3

From Proto-Norse *ᚨᛊᚢᛉ (*asuʀ), from Proto-Germanic *ansuz (“god”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂énsus, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ens- (“to engender, beget”). Cognate with Old English ōs, Old Saxon ās, Old High German ans-, Latin Ansis pl (loaned from Gothic).

Alternative forms

• ǫ́ss

Noun

áss m (genitive ásar, plural æsir)

2. (Germanic paganism) one of the gods, Æsir

Declension

  Declension of áss (strong u-stem)

masculine	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	áss	ássinn	æsir	æsirnir
accusative	ás	ásinn	æsi, ásu	æsina, ásuna
dative	ási, ás	ásinum, ásnum	ásum	ásunum
genitive	áss, ásar	ássins, ásarins	ása	ásanna

Derived terms

• ásynja f (“a goddess”)
• sólaráss m (“sun god”)

Descendants

• Icelandic: ás m
  • → Swedish: as c
    • → Finnish: aasa
  • → Danish: as c
• Faroese: ásur m
• Norwegian Nynorsk: ås m
• Norwegian Bokmål: ås m
• → Swedish: ås c (learned)