yli

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See also: yli-

Finnish

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *üli. Equivalent to ylä- (“upper, over”) +‎ -i.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈyli/, [ˈyli]
  • Rhymes: -yli
  • Syllabification(key): y‧li

Postposition

yli

  1. over [with genitive] (through the space that is above something)
    Synonym: ylitse
    Antonyms: ali, alitse
    Pallo lensi tuolin yli ja ovesta ulos.
    The ball flew over the chair and out of the door.
  2. (temporal) after, past [with genitive or partitive]
    Antonym: vaille
    Kello on vartin yli kuusi.
    It's quarter past/after six.
    Kello on viittä (minuuttia) yli kuusi.
    It's five (minutes) past/after six.

Preposition

yli

  1. over, more than (+ number)
    Antonym: alle
    Auto maksoi yli 200 000 [kaksisataa tuhatta] euroa.
    The car cost over 200,000 euros.

Usage notes

  • When using the construction yli to indicate time, both genitive and partitive forms may be used. The genitive (vartin yli) may be perceived as slightly more precise than the partitive (varttia yli). However, it is more just a question of personal preference, possibly influenced by the fact that vaille always uses the partitive (varttia vaille (“a quarter to”)).
  • yli cannot take a possessive suffix; ylitse is used instead if possessive forms are desired.

Inflection

See ylä-.

Derived terms

compounds

Further reading

Ingrian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *üli. Cognates include Finnish yli and Votic üli.

The sense "every other" is a semantic loan from Russian через (čerez).

Pronunciation

Preposition

yli (+ genitive)

  1. (of motion) over, through
    männä yli teen ― to cross a road (literally, “to go through a road”)
    • 1936, L. G. Terehova, V. G. Erdeli, translated by Mihailov and P. I. Maksimov, Geografia: oppikirja iƶoroin alkușkoulun kolmatta klaassaa vart (ensimäine osa), Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-Pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 5:
      Mänimmä yli peenen joen, yli suuren niityn mänimmä.
      We crossed a small river, we crossed a big meadow.
      (literally, “We went over a small river, we went through a big meadow.”)
    • 1936, D. I. Efimov, Lukukirja: Inkeroisia alkușkouluja vart (ensimäine osa), Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 4:
      Yli joen langolle, vanan kylän Iljalle.
      Over the river to [my] sister's husband, the old village's Ilja.
  2. (of time) in, after, ... later
    • 1936, L. G. Terehova, V. G. Erdeli, translated by Mihailov and P. I. Maksimov, Geografia: oppikirja iƶoroin alkușkoulun kolmatta klaassaa vart (ensimäine osa), Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-Pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 5:
      Yli päivän pioneerit saattoit meitä kottii.
      A day later the pioneers saw us off to our house.
    • 1936, D. I. Efimov, Lukukirja: Inkeroisia alkușkouluja vart (ensimäine osa), Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 9:
      Yli kuun lapset proveroittiit Koljan ja Șuran lupaukseet.
      A month later the children checked Kolja and Šura's promises.
  3. (of time or location) every other
    • 1936, V. I. Junus, Iƶoran Keelen Grammatikka‎[2], Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 11:
      Poolivahva paino monislogaisiis sanois ono kolmanneel tali neljänneel slogal ja senen peräst ain yli slogan (kolmanneel, viijenneel, seitsemänneel tali neljänneel kuuvvenneel j. n. е.).
      Secondary stress in polysyllabic words is on the third or fourth syllable and after that always every other syllable (third, fifth, seventh or fourth, sixth etc.).
    • 1937, N. S. Popova, translated by A. Kolesova, Arifmetikan oppikirja alkușkoulua vart (I. osa), Leningrad: Ucebno-Pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 11:
      Kraaskaa patsaat yli yhen.
      Paint every other column.
      (literally, “Paint the columns every other one [of them].”)

yli (+ nominative)

  1. (of time) past
    vartti yli seitsen ― quarter past seven

Antonyms

  • (antonym(s) of “past”): vaijaa (“to”)

Postposition

yli (+ genitive)

  1. (of motion) over, through
    • 1916, Volmari Porkka, quoting Kalina-ukko, “1252. Soikkola, Loukkula, III116”, in Väinö Salminen, V. Alava, editor, Suomen Kansan Vanhat Runot. Länsi-Inkerin runot‎[3], volume III2, Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura, lines 1-2:
      Riiteliit kolmen kälyksen, // Kolmen kynnyksen yli.
      Three sisters-in-law were arguing, // Through three doorsteps.

Derived terms

References

  • Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 691
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