View source for Roads in Ukraine

{{short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
[[File:Ukraine Major Roads.png|thumb|300px|right|Ukrainian major road network: [[trunk roads]] (M-highways) (some of which are [[Controlled-access highway|expressways]]) in <span style="color:blue;">blue</span>, and ''avtomahistral'' ([[motorway]]) in <span style="color:green;">green</span>]]{{Citations needed|date=October 2024}}
'''Roads in [[Ukraine]]''''s transportation network are divided into two main categories: general-use roads, which consist of streets and roads in cities, villages, and other populated areas; and specialized roads, which include official, private, and special-use roads. Most members of the [[public]] travel on general-use roads, the most prominent of which are part of the [[international E-road network]]. However, high-speed highways, locally known as ''avtomahistrali'' ([[motorways]]) or ''shvydkisni dorohy'' ([[Controlled-access highway|expressways]]), are rare and only exist on certain segments of major routes. In early 2010, in preparation for Ukraine co-hosting the [[UEFA Euro 2012]] football tournament, significant infrastructure improvement projects were announced by the newly-established [[Ministry of Infrastructure of Ukraine]], then headed by [[Borys Kolesnikov]]. These efforts fell short of expectations in some areas, and the road network at-large is still in need of significant renovation.<ref>Soroka, et al. “Current state and development trends of the Transport Industry of Ukraine.” ''Automobile Roads and Road Construction'', no. 114.1, 2023, pp. 108–115, http://ek-visnik.dp.ua/wp-content/uploads/pdf/2023-1/Soroka.pdf</ref> 

Ukraine inherited its transportation network from the [[Ukrainian SSR]] (Soviet Ukraine), whose roads were integrated into the larger [[Transport in the Soviet Union|Soviet road system]]. In 1940, Ukraine had only 270,700 kilometers of roads, only 10.8% of which had paved surfaces. The present-day road network was mostly built during the 1960's and 1970's. 99% of roads in the modern network are public-use, of which 12% are considered to have 'national importance' and 87% to have 'local importance'. The whole network of all automobile roads (roadways) is approximately {{convert|169000|km|mi|abbr=on}} long, of which {{convert|165000|km|mi|abbr=on}} is hard surfaced.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ukraine - 2.3 Road Network {{!}} Digital Logistics Capacity Assessments |url=https://lca.logcluster.org/ukraine-23-road-network |access-date=2024-10-19 |website=lca.logcluster.org}}</ref> Some critics point out that road conditions and road safety are in dangerous states of disarray.<ref>Sylvester, P. ''[https://www.worldnomads.com/travel-safety/eastern-europe/ukraine/ukraine-driving-is-it-really-that-bad Driving in Ukraine: Beware of Poor Road Safety]''. World Nomads. 26 Jun 2015</ref>

Beginning in 2020, the "Great Construction" project facilitated the reconstruction or renovation of many roads.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-16 |title=Ukrainian president's 'Big Construction' project runs into problems |url=https://emerging-europe.com/analysis/ukrainian-presidents-big-construction-project-runs-into-problems/ |access-date=2024-10-19 |website=Emerging Europe |language=en-GB}}</ref> The [[Russian invasion of Ukraine]] has also heavily impacted infrastructure work in the country, leading to billions of dollars (USD) in construction costs. In 2023 alone, the Government of Ukraine reported making more than 2,000 kilometers of emergency repairs on motorways, highways, and other national roads.<ref name="wbank">{{cite web |title=Updated Ukraine Recovery and Reconstruction Needs Assessment Released |url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2024/02/15/updated-ukraine-recovery-and-reconstruction-needs-assessment-released |website=World Bank |access-date=17 April 2024 |language=en}}</ref>More than {{convert|25000|km|mi|abbr=on}} of state and local roads, and 344 bridges and overpasses, were destroyed or damaged as a result of the invasion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ukraine’s shattered highways |url=https://www.worldhighways.com/feature/ukraines-shattered-highways |access-date=2024-10-19 |website=World Highways |language=en}}</ref> 

==Overview==
[[File:Автодорога Київ — Одеса, с. Віта-Поштова 003.jpg|thumb|Section of the {{Jct|country=UKR|M|05}} highway near [[Kyiv]].]]
After the fall of the [[Dissolution of the Soviet Union|Soviet Union]], all road service state bodies within Ukraine were reorganized. [[Ukravtodor]] was established as a state agency and corporation in 1990, replacing the Ministry of Roadways of Soviet Ukraine as the body governing automobile roads in modern Ukraine. It is supplemented by a project institute Ukrhiprodor which designs objects of road management. Ukravtodor<ref>[http://www.ukravtodor.gov.ua/clients/ukrautodor.nsf/0/AD293CF0F9022086C22574650035AE82 Ukravtodor Regulations] {{in lang|uk}}</ref> is supervised by the [[Ministry of Infrastructure of Ukraine]].<ref>[https://mtu.gov.ua/en/content/pidvidomchi-organizacii.html Ministry of Infrastructure of Ukraine]</ref> On February 28, 2002, the state-owned open stock company ''Avtomobilni dorohy Ukrainy'' (ADU, {{literally|Ukrainian motor roads}}) was created by Presidential [[Decree]].<ref>[http://www.adu.com.ua/ ADU official website] {{in lang|uk}}</ref> The company was directly involved in road construction and maintenance. In 2016 ADU was merged into Ukravtodor, and the latter now owns 100% of ADU's shares.<ref name="UKRAVTODOR COMPLETELY CHANGED THE MANAGEMENT OF PJSC SJSC MOTOR ROADS OF UKRAINE AND SE UKRDORINVEST">[https://ukravtodor.gov.ua/press/news/ukravtodor_povnistiu_zminyv_kerivnyi_sklad_pat_dak__avtomobilni_dorohy_ukrainy__ta_dp__ukrdorinvest.html УКРАВТОДОР ПОВНІСТЮ ЗМІНИВ КЕРІВНИЙ СКЛАД ПАТ «ДАК «АВТОМОБІЛЬНІ ДОРОГИ УКРАЇНИ» ТА ДП «УКРДОРІНВЕСТ»], [[Ukravtodor]] (18 July 2016) {{in lang|uk}}</ref>

In 2015, the [[World Bank Group]] approved a US$560 million loan to improve road conditions in Ukraine, particularly along the [[Highway M03 (Ukraine)|M03]] route between [[Poltava]] and [[Kharkiv]].<ref>[http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2015/11/03/world-bank-paves-the-way-for-safer-roads-in-Ukraine World Bank Paves the Way for Safer Roads in Ukraine]. The World Bank. November 3, 2015</ref>

In 2016, many of Ukraine's major provincial highways were in very poor condition, with Ukravtodor reporting that 97% of the country's roads needed repair. This high figure was attributed mostly to [[Corruption in Ukraine|corruption-driven]] budget allocations and to lackluster enforcement of weight restrictions on trucks.<ref name=foreignpolicy-20160616>{{cite news |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2016/06/16/ukraines-broken-road-to-europe/ |title=Ukraine's Broken Road to Europe |author=Dan Peleschuk |newspaper=Foreign Policy |date=16 June 2016 |access-date=17 June 2016}}</ref> That same year, the road repair budget was set at about [[₴]]20 billion.<ref>{{Cite web |last=SOYAMEDIA.COM |date=2024-10-19 |title=Decentralisation of Ukraine's road industry and other infrastructure developments (Detail) - Kinstellar |url=https://www.kinstellar.com/news-and-insights/detail/452/decentralisation-of-ukraines-road-industry-and-other-infrastructure-developments |access-date=2024-10-19 |website=www.kinstellar.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> In 2017, the [[Groysman government]] began a three year large-scale renovation of Ukraine's motorway infrastructure,<ref name="Ukraine plans to change its road map within 3 years"/> with the road budget increasing to ₴42 billion in 2018,<ref name="Ukraine plans to change its road map within 3 years">[https://economics.unian.info/m/2247619-road-works-booming-ukraine-plans-to-change-its-road-map-within-3-years.html Road works booming: Ukraine plans to change its road map within 3 years], [[UNIAN]] (16 November 2017)</ref> ₴51 billion in 2019,<ref name="Дороги VS Шляхи">[https://mtu.gov.ua/files/projects/roads.html Дороги VS Шляхи], [[Ministry of Infrastructure of Ukraine]] (2019) {{in lang|uk}}</ref> and reaching a record high of ₴70 billion in 2020.<ref name="Volodymyr Zelensky signed amendments to the state budget for 2020 to finance the fight against the spread of coronavirus">[https://www.president.gov.ua/news/volodimir-zelenskij-pidpisav-zmini-do-derzhbyudzhetu-na-2020-60725 Володимир Зеленський підписав зміни до держбюджету на 2020 рік щодо фінансування боротьби з поширенням коронавірусу], [[president.gov.ua]] (18 April 2020) {{in lang|uk}}</ref>

Ukraine's increased efforts at road maintenance and construction have shown some tangible results: on the World Economic Forum's Quality of Roads Report, Ukraine rose from 139th place in 2014 to 119th place in 2019, improving 20 places in five years.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theglobaleconomy.com/rankings/roads_quality/#Ukraine|title = Roads quality by country, around the world}}</ref>

==Classifications==
[[File:UA road sign 5.3.svg|left|149x149px]]
The [[State highways (Ukraine)|state highways]] have the index letters of M, H, P, and T, each standing for a respective letter in [[Cyrillic script|Cyrillic]]. These 'state-importance' roads are utilized by the European [[International E-road network|E-network]] of highways.

*Both the '''M'''-network ({{langx|uk|Міжнародні|Mizhnarodni}} - International) and the '''H'''-network ({{langx|uk|Національні|Natsionalni}} - National) of roads use two-digit numbers ranging from 01 to 33. These roads are designed for major transportation corridors across the country and form part of the European highway system.

*The '''P'''-network ({{langx|uk|Регіональні|Rehionalni}} - Regional) of roads also uses two-digit numbers, ranging from 01 to 84.

*The '''T'''-network ({{langx|uk|Територіальні|Terytorialni}} - Territorial) of roads form the territorial network within each of the first-level administrative divisions of Ukraine ([[oblasts of Ukraine]]), and their index is a four-digit number where two of the digits identify the region where a given road is located.

===Avtomahistral===
[[File:UA road sign 5.1.svg|left|145x145px]]
In Ukraine, a high-speed divided highway or [[motorway]] is called an ''avtomahistral'' ({{langx|uk|автомагістраль}}). Currently, these act not as a distinct route network, but rather as a standard to which portions of the M-roads are adapted.

In the late 2000's, two of the first improved ''avtomahistral'' motorways were opened: the [[Kyiv]] – [[Boryspil]] route ({{langx|uk|Автомагістраль Київ - Бориспіль}}), which takes up the segment of the M03 road connecting the capital with [[Boryspil International Airport]]; and the [[Highway M29 (Ukraine)|M29]] which connects [[Kharkiv]] and [[Dnipro]] by running parallel with the [[Highway M18 (Ukraine)|M18]]. The Kyiv – Boryspil freeway stretches for {{convert|18|km|mi|abbr=on}} and has a traffic capacity of 40,000 vehicles per day.
{{Clear}}

===Road characteristics categories===
Beyond classification by [[geographic levels]], the roads in Ukraine are also categorized by their ability to handle varying degrees of traffic. There are five categories, with Category I split into A and B subcategories. Although all Category I roads are considered "avtomahistral", not all of them would be considered real [[motorway]]s.{{why|date=April 2024}} Since around 2010, the two major ''avtomahistrals'', Kyiv – Boryspil and Kharkiv – Dnipro, have been deemed the top roads of category IA.

{| border=0 style="margin:1em auto;"
 |-bgcolor="#B5E0FD"
 |'''Categories'''
 !IA
 !IB
 !II
 !III
 !IV
 !V
 |-bgcolor="#FFFFDD" 
 |'''Average traffic intensity daily (in vehicles)'''
 !&gt;7,000
 !&gt;7,000
 !>3,000-7,000
 !>1,000-3,000
 !>200-1,000
 !&lt;200
 |-bgcolor="#DEF2FE"
 |'''Maximum traffic intensity daily (in vehicles)'''
 !&gt;14,000
 !&gt;14,000
 !>6,000-14,000
 !>2,000-6,000
 !>400-2,000
 !&lt;400
 |-bgcolor="#FFFFDD" 
 |'''Estimated traffic speed (km/h)'''
 !150
 !120
 !120
 !100
 !80
 !60
 |-bgcolor="#DEF2FE"
 |'''Number of lanes in both directions'''
 !4-6
 !4-6
 !2
 !2
 !2
 !1 (total)
 |-bgcolor="#FFFFDD" 
 |'''Width of lanes (m)'''
 !3,75
 !3,75
 !3,75
 !3,75
 !3,5
 !4,5
 |-bgcolor="#DEF2FE"
 |'''Width of median (m)'''
 !6
 !5
 !-
 !-
 !-
 !-
 |-bgcolor="#FFFFDD" 
 |'''Width of an edge reinforced lane on median (m)'''
 !1
 !1
 !-
 !-
 !-
 !-
 |-bgcolor="#DEF2FE"
 |'''Width of an edge reinforced lane on roadside (m)'''
 !0,75
 !0,75
 !0,75
 !0,5
 !-
 !-
 |-bgcolor="#FFFFDD" 
 |'''Total road width (m)'''
 !28,5
 !27,5
 !15
 !12
 !10
 !6
 |-bgcolor="#DEF2FE"
 |'''Radius of a curvature on a turn (m)'''
 !1,200
 !800
 !800
 !600
 !300
 !150
 |-bgcolor="#FFFFDD" 
 |'''Maximum lengthwise gradient ([[per mil]])'''
 !30
 !40
 !40
 !50
 !60
 !70
 |-
|}

==List of international E-road network routes in Ukraine==
The [[international E-road network]] and its 'European routes' run throughout the continent of Europe, in addition to adjacent islands, parts of [[Central Asia]], the [[Caucasus]], and [[Asia Minor]]. The European routes in Ukraine mostly travel along Ukrainian 'M-network' or 'International' roads.

[[File:UA euro routes.png|thumb|center|500px|International E-road network in Ukraine in 2008, approximately]]

In the list below, main routes are indicated by a <span style="color:green;">green</span> background. These have numbers ending in either zero (0) or five (5). Obsolete routes are indicated by a <span style="color:red;">red</span> background. Odd-numbered routes run north-south and even-numbered routes run east-west. {{clear}}

{| class="wikitable"
!Highway
!Local routes
!Length in Ukraine
!Notes
|-
|'''{{jct|country=EUR|E|38 }}'''
|{{Jct|country=UKR|P|65}}
|37&nbsp;km
|The shortest (Ukraine-only length)
|-bgcolor=#D0F0C0
|'''{{jct|country=EUR|E|40 }}'''
|{{Jct|country=UKR|M|10}} – {{Jct|country=UKR|M|06}} – {{Jct|country=UKR|M|03}} – {{Jct|country=UKR|M|04}}
|1334&nbsp;km
|The longest (Ukraine-only length)
|-bgcolor=#D0F0C0
|'''{{jct|country=EUR|E|50 }}'''
|{{Jct|country=UKR|M|08}} – {{Jct|country=UKR|M|06}} – {{Jct|country=UKR|M|12}} – {{Jct|country=UKR|M|04}} – {{Jct|country=UKR|M|03}}
|
|
|-
|'''{{jct|country=EUR|E|58 }}'''
|{{Jct|country=UKR|M|08}} – {{Jct|country=UKR|M|06}} – {{Jct|country=UKR|P|54}} – {{Jct|country=UKR|M|23}} – {{Jct|country=UKR|P|55}} ... (Moldova) ... {{Jct|country=UKR|M|16}} – {{Jct|country=UKR|M|14}}
|
|
|-
|'''{{jct|country=EUR|E|81 }}'''
|{{Jct|country=UKR|P|54}} – {{Jct|country=UKR|M|23}} – {{Jct|country=UKR|P|55}}/{{Road marker simple|DN1C|DN1C|red|white|white}}
|41&nbsp;km
|
|-bgcolor=#D0F0C0
|'''{{jct|country=EUR|E|85 }}'''
|{{Jct|country=UKR|M|19}} – {{Jct|country=UKR|M|19}}
|
|
|-
|'''{{jct|country=EUR|E|87 }}'''
|{{Jct|country=UKR|M|15}}
|
|
|-bgcolor=#FFA4A4
|'''{{jct|country=EUR|E|93 }}'''
|Changed to '''{{jct|country=EUR|E|95 }}'''
|
|
|-bgcolor=#D0F0C0
|'''{{jct|country=EUR|E|95 }}'''
|{{Jct|country=UKR|M|01}} – {{Jct|country=UKR|M|05}} {{Tooltip|...|ferry service}} (Turkey)
|692&nbsp;km
|Ferry service in [[Odesa]]
|-
|'''{{jct|country=EUR|E|97 }}'''
|{{Jct|country=UKR|M|17}} {{Tooltip|...|ferry service}} (Russia)
|423.6&nbsp;km
|Uses [[Kerch Strait ferry]]
|-
|'''{{jct|country=EUR|E|101 }}'''
|{{Jct|country=UKR|M|01}} – {{Jct|country=UKR|M|02}}
|
|
|-bgcolor=#D0F0C0
|'''{{jct|country=EUR|E|105 }}'''
|{{Jct|country=UKR|M|18}} – {{Jct|country=UKR|M|20}}
|777&nbsp;km
|
|-
|colspan="4" align="center"|'''Auxiliary routes'''
|-
|'''{{jct|country=EUR|E|372 }}'''
|{{Jct|country=UKR|M|09}}
|62.5&nbsp;km
|
|-
|'''{{jct|country=EUR|E|373 }}'''
|{{Jct|country=UKR|M|07}}
|486.5&nbsp;km
|
|-bgcolor=#FFA4A4
|'''{{jct|country=EUR|E|381 }}'''
|[[Kyiv]] – [[Hlukhiv]]
|
|
|-
|'''{{jct|country=EUR|E|391 }}'''
|[[Hlukhiv]] (same as {{jct|country=EUR|E|101 }})
|160&nbsp;km
|
|-
|'''{{jct|country=EUR|E|471 }}'''
|{{Jct|country=UKR|M|06}} 
|221&nbsp;km
|Located entirely within Ukraine
|-
|'''{{jct|country=EUR|E|573 }}'''
|{{Jct|country=UKR|M|06}}
|26&nbsp;km
|
|-
|-bgcolor=#FFA4A4
|'''{{jct|country=EUR|E|577 }}'''
|Changed to '''{{jct|country=EUR|E|584 }}'''
|
|
|-
|'''{{jct|country=EUR|E|581 }}'''
|{{Jct|country=UKR|M|16}}
|58.7&nbsp;km
|
|-
|'''{{jct|country=EUR|E|583 }}'''
|{{Jct|country=UKR|M|21}}
|260&nbsp;km
|
|-
|'''{{jct|country=EUR|E|584 }}'''
|{{Jct|country=UKR|M|13}} – {{Jct|country=UKR|M|12}} – {{Jct|country=UKR|M|04}} – {{Jct|country=UKR|M|22}}
|507&nbsp;km
|
|-
|}

===Transportation corridors===
{{main article|Pan-European corridors}}
Ten [[Pan-European corridors]] for transport were defined in 1994 with the goal of improving connectivity in Central and Eastern Europe. Ukraine houses portions of three of these corridors: [[Pan-European Corridor III|III]] ([[Brussels]] – [[Dresden]] – [[Kraków]] – [[Kyiv]]), V ([[Venice]] – [[Budapest]] – [[Lviv]] – [[Kyiv]]), and [[Pan-European Corridor IX|IX]] ([[Helsinki]] – [[Saint-Petersburg]] – [[Homiel]] – [[Kyiv]] – [[Chișinău]] – [[Bucharest]] – [[Alexandroupolis|Thrace]]).

==Border checkpoints==
{{see also|State Border of Ukraine}}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Country !! Highway !! Nearest settlement !! Region
|-
| rowspan="5" | {{flagicon|Russia}} [[Russia-Ukraine border|Russia]] || <small>'''{{jct|country=EUR|E|101 }}'''</small> || Bachivsk|| [[Sumy Oblast|Sumy]]
|-
| <small>'''{{jct|country=EUR|E|58 }}'''</small> || [[Novoazovsk]] || [[Donetsk Oblast|Donetsk]]
|-
| <small>'''{{jct|country=EUR|E|50 }}'''</small> || Dovzhanskyi || [[Luhansk Oblast|Luhansk]]
|-
| <small>'''{{jct|country=EUR|E|105 }}'''</small> || Shcherbakivka || [[Kharkiv Oblast|Kharkiv]]
|-
| rowspan="3" | <small>'''{{jct|country=EUR|E|40 }}'''</small> || [[Izvaryne (border checkpoint)|Izvaryne]] || [[Luhansk Oblast|Luhansk]]
|-
| rowspan="5" | {{flagicon|Poland}} [[Poland-Ukraine border|Poland]] || [[Shehyni (border checkpoint)|Shehyni]] || rowspan="3" | [[Lviv Oblast|Lviv]]
|-
| [[Krakivets]] 
|-
| rowspan="2" | <small>'''{{jct|country=EUR|E|372 }}'''</small> || [[Rava-Ruska]] 
|-
| [[Ustyluh]] || rowspan="2" | [[Volyn Oblast|Volyn]]
|-
| <small>'''{{jct|country=EUR|E|373 }}'''</small> || Yahodyn
|-
| {{flagicon|Hungary}} [[Hungary-Ukraine border|Hungary]] || <small>'''{{jct|country=EUR|E|573 }}'''</small> || Kosyny || rowspan="3" | [[Zakarpattia Oblast|Zakarpattia]]
|-
| rowspan="2" | {{flagicon|Slovakia}} [[Slovakia-Ukraine border|Slovakia]] || rowspan="4" | <small>'''{{jct|country=EUR|E|50 }}'''</small> || [[Uzhhorod]]
|-
| Maly Berezny 
|-
| rowspan="4" | {{flagicon|Moldova}} [[Moldova-Ukraine border|Moldova]] || [[Kuchurhan, Lymanske settlement hromada, Rozdilna Raion, Odesa Oblast|Kuchurhan]] ||[[Odesa Oblast|Odesa]]
|-
| [[Mamalyha]] || [[Chernivtsi Oblast|Chernivtsi]]
|-
| <small>'''{{jct|country=EUR|E|584 }}'''</small> || [[Platonove]] ||[[Odesa Oblast|Odesa]]
|-
| <small>'''{{jct|country=EUR|E|583 }}'''</small> || [[Mohyliv-Podilskyi]]|| [[Vinnytsia Oblast|Vinnytsia]]
|-
| rowspan="3" | {{flagicon|Romania}} [[Romania-Ukraine border|Romania]] || <small>'''{{jct|country=EUR|E|81 }}'''</small> || Velyka Kopania || [[Zakarpattia Oblast|Zakarpattia]]
|-
| <small>'''{{jct|country=EUR|E|87 }}'''</small> || [[Reni, Ukraine|Reni]] || [[Odesa Oblast|Odesa]]
|-
| rowspan="2" | <small>'''{{jct|country=EUR|E|85 }}'''</small> || Terebleche || [[Chernivtsi Oblast|Chernivtsi]]
|-
| rowspan="2" | {{flagicon|Belarus}} [[Belarus-Ukraine border|Belarus]] || Domanove || [[Volyn Oblast|Volyn]]
|-
| <small>'''{{jct|country=EUR|E|95 }}'''</small> || Novi Yarylovychi || [[Chernihiv Oblast|Chernihiv]]
|}

==Notable roadworks projects==
Note that some of these projects may have been affected by the [[Russian invasion of Ukraine]] from 2022 onwards.

; Dnipro – Reshetylivka Highway (H-31)<ref>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20181009013158/https://www.ukrinform.ru/rubric-regions/2447878-na-dnepropetrovsine-stroat-novyj-ucastok-trassy-resetilovskoj.html На Днепропетровщине строят новый участок Решетиловской трассы]}} {{in lang|ru}}</ref>
As of 2020, renovation has been occurring on the H-31 highway, which connects the [[Kyiv|capital]] with [[Dnipro]], a major industrial hub. The largest construction site is located in the Poltava region, where a 7-kilometre section of concrete-surface highway is being built from scratch.<ref>[https://cfts.org.ua/news/2020/05/27/v_poltavskoy_oblasti_pokazali_kak_stroyat_uchastok_avtodorogi_s_nulya_foto_58910 В Полтавской области показали, как строят участок автодороги "с нуля" (фото)] {{in lang|ru}}</ref> The bypass section around Poltava includes a 518-metre long viaduct.<ref>[https://poltava.to/news/55465/ БУДІВНИЦТВО ПІВДЕННО-ЗАХІДНОЇ ОБ’ЇЗНОЇ ДОРОГИ ПОЛТАВИ З ВИСОТИ ПТАШИНОГО ПОЛЬОТУ] {{in lang|uk}}</ref>

; Kyiv – Odesa Highway ([[Highway M05 (Ukraine)|M-05]])
As of 2020, roadworks continue with the goal of reconstructing the full 453&nbsp;km length of the Kyiv–Odesa Highway. Reconstruction is scheduled to finish in 2021. According to Ukravtodor, the reconstruction is "complex", requiring work on additional auxiliary road services such as the installation of [[weigh in motion]] (WiM) complexes, grade-separated intersections, and the abandonment of left-turning lanes.<ref>[https://cfts.org.ua/news/2020/06/26/v_ukravtodore_namereny_polnostyu_obnovit_trassu_kiev_odessa_za_dva_goda_59421 В "Укравтодоре" намерены полностью обновить трассу Киев-Одесса за два года] {{in lang|ru}}</ref>

; Zhytomyr Northern Bypass ([[Highway M06 (Ukraine)|M-06]])
As of 2020, the Northern Bypass section of the M-06 Highway around Zhytomyr is being expanded to four lanes with an increased maximum speed of 110&nbsp;km/h.<ref>[https://interfax.com.ua/news/general/498485.html Северный объезд Житомира будет расширен до четырех полос движения] {{in lang|ru}}</ref> The project includes four multi-level interchanges and three grade-separated railway crossings. Construction is scheduled to finish in 2020.<ref>[http://zhzh.info/news/2019-07-03-40138 Гройсман в рамках рабочего визита осмотрел реконструкцию житомирской объездной. ФОТОРЕПОРТАЖ] {{in lang|ru}}</ref>

; Rivne Northern Bypass, Phase One
A two-lane bypass road is currently under construction around the city of Rivne. The first phase is a built-from-scratch 6&nbsp;km road section linking the N-25 and T-18-32 highways. The project aims to relieve heavy transit traffic in the city centre<ref>[https://delo.ua/business/belorusy-postrojat-obezdnuju-dorogu-v-rivne-359169/ Белорусы построят объездную дорогу в Ровно] {{in lang|ru}}</ref> and includes a 280-metre-long overpass above a ravine.<ref>[https://cfts.org.ua/poezdka_s_cts/kak_remontiruyut_dorogi_v_ukraine_letom_2020_goda_13 Как ремонтируют мосты и дороги в Украине летом 2020 года] {{in lang|ru}}</ref>

==Local importance routes==
The 'local importance' roads have three classes but only two indexes ('''T''' and '''O''') as the [[Raions of Ukraine|raion-level]] network of roads does not have an implemented index. Local road indexes are also supplemented by an oblast index noting where they are located.
{{center|'''Indexes of territorial roads of local importance and total length of all highways per oblast'''}}
{| border=0 style="margin:1em auto;"
 |-bgcolor="#B5E0FD"
 ! Index
 ! Oblast/City
 ! Road length, km
 ! Index
 ! Oblast/City
 ! Road length, km
 ! Index
 ! Oblast/City
 ! Road length, km
 |-bgcolor="#FFFFDD" 
 !01
 |[[Crimea]]
 !6,605
 !10 
 |[[Kyiv Oblast]]
 !8,490
 !20
 |[[Ternopil Oblast]]
 !5,063
 |-bgcolor="#DEF2FE"
 !02
 |[[Vinnytsia Oblast]]
 !9,519
 !12 
 |[[Kirovohrad Oblast]]
 !6,545
 !21
 |[[Kharkiv Oblast]]
 !9,551
|-bgcolor="#FFFFDD"
 !03
 |[[Volyn Oblast]]
 !6,199
 !13 
 |[[Luhansk Oblast]]
 !5,810
 !22
 |[[Kherson Oblast]]
 !4,950
 |-bgcolor="#DEF2FE"
 !04
 |[[Dnipropetrovsk Oblast]]
 !9,182
 !14 
 |[[Lviv Oblast]]
 !8,334
 !23
 |[[Khmelnytskyi Oblast]]
 !7,136
|-bgcolor="#FFFFDD"
 !05
 |[[Donetsk Oblast]]
 !8,052
 !15 
 |[[Mykolaiv Oblast]]
 !4,831
 !24
 |[[Cherkasy Oblast]]
 !6,118
 |-bgcolor="#DEF2FE"
 !06
 |[[Zhytomyr Oblast]]
 !8,513
 !16 
 |[[Odesa Oblast]]
 !8,232
 !25
 |[[Chernihiv Oblast]]
 !7,680
|-bgcolor="#FFFFDD"
 !07
 |[[Zakarpattia Oblast]]
 !3,330
 !17 
 |[[Poltava Oblast]]
 !8,836
 !26
 |[[Chernivtsi Oblast]]
 !2,869
 |-bgcolor="#DEF2FE"
 !08
 |[[Zaporizhzhia Oblast]]
 !6,974
 !18
 |[[Rivne Oblast]]
 !5,056
 !27
 | [[Sevastopol|Sevastopol city]]
 !
|-bgcolor="#FFFFDD"
 !09
 |[[Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast]]
 !4,160
 !19 
 |[[Sumy Oblast]]
 !7,281
 |
 |
 |
 |-
|}

The list is arranged in [[Cyrillic script|Cyrillic]] alphabetical order, except for [[Chernihiv Oblast]], which precedes [[Chernivtsi Oblast]]. As an example, the territorial highway 22 in Rivne Oblast would be identified as 'T-18-22' since 18 is the index number for the Rivne Oblast. The T-network (Territorial) roads have four-digit codes, with unique two-digit identifiers within each oblast. The Oblast network (O-network) roads, on the other hand, each have six-digit codes and no secondary hyphen. For example, a highway in Kharkiv Oblast would have the code 'O-21xxxx'.

==Special routes==
The two main technical terms for special routes in Ukraine are ''pid'yizd'' ([[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]]: під'їзд) and ''ob'yizd'' ([[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]]: об'їзд). A ''pid'yizd'' route is usually an access route akin to a spur that splits from the main route towards an important geographic point such as a city, airport, or park. An ''ob'yizd'' route is a type of [[ring road]] which is not necessarily complete, similar in some cases to bypass routes, business routes, or truck routes.

==Historical routes==
* [[Muravsky Trail]]
** [[Izium Trail]], a branch of the Muravsky Trail
** Kalmius Route, a branch of the Muravsky Trail
* Bila Tserkva Road
* [[Silk Road]]
* Berlad Road
* [[Route from the Varangians to the Greeks]]
* Chumak Route
* Black Route
** Kuchma Route, a branch of the Black Route
* Romodanovsky Route
* Kraków Road
* Kolky Route
* Kyiv Route
* Zaloha Route

==Populated area roadways==
Types of roadways in populated areas include:
* ''Vulytsia'' (street), the most common and generic type of a roadway within a populated area; the English name is becoming more widely used
* ''Shose'', a broad limited-access road built for high-speed traffic for big distances;<ref>[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept?cp=5395&langcode=ru&ns=1 Definition of shose]</ref> also defined as a generally accessible road (especially a main road) that connects cities or settlements<ref>[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept?cp=3963&langcode=ru&ns=1 Another definition of shose]</ref>
* [[prospekt (street)|''Prospekt'']], a term for a broad, long, and straight road in big cities
* ''Bulvar'', a scenic broad road similar to a [[boulevard]]
* ''Naberezhna'', a roadway running along a body of water (e.g. sea, river, or lake)
* ''Obiizna/kiltseva'', a roadway around a city
* ''Provulok'', a backstreet or [[side street]]

==See also==
* [[State Highways (Ukraine)]] for a list of state (national) highways
* [[Transport in Ukraine]]

==References==
<references/>

==Sources==
*[http://euro2012highway.blogspot.com/2007/10/blog-post_20.html International Highways in Ukraine (russian, ukrainian, english languages)]
* {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080109122457/http://www.geocities.com/marcelmonterie/routelists/EUnewE.htm |date=January 9, 2008 |title=List of European routes }}
* [http://zakon1.rada.gov.ua/cgi-bin/laws/main.cgi?nreg=995_902 Convention of road markings and signals]
* [http://zakon1.rada.gov.ua/cgi-bin/laws/main.cgi?nreg=995_046 Official text of the European agreement on International Highway System (E-Network)]
* [http://www.ukravtodor.gov.ua/clients/ukrautodor.nsf/0/E7798CD28CFCB48DC2257556004BCBFD Declaration of the Cabinets Ministers of Ukrainian SSR of joining the European agreement on E-Network]
* [http://zakon.rada.gov.ua/cgi-bin/laws/main.cgi?nreg=2862-15 Law of Ukraine on automobile roads (highways)], [http://zakon.rada.gov.ua/cgi-bin/laws/main.cgi?nreg=3353-12 Law of Ukraine on road movement], [http://zakon.rada.gov.ua/cgi-bin/laws/main.cgi?nreg=232%2F94%2D%E2%F0 Law of Ukraine on transport], [http://zakon1.rada.gov.ua/cgi-bin/laws/main.cgi?nreg=997_890 Regulations for the international highways of the Commonwealth of Independent States]
* [http://zakon.rada.gov.ua/cgi-bin/laws/main.cgi?nreg=1314%2D99%2D%EF Declaration of Cabinet of Minister of Ukraine on the tollway Lviv-Krakovets], [http://zakon.rada.gov.ua/cgi-bin/laws/main.cgi?nreg=855-15 Law of Ukraine on the tollway Kyiv-Odesa]
* [http://gai.org.ua/pravila-dorozhnogo-ruxu-ukrani-2010/dorozhni-znaky-dodatok-1.html Traffic signs in Ukraine]
* [http://zakon4.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/301-2012-%D0%BF List of state automobile roads for general use]. [[Cabinet of Ukraine]]. January 1, 2013

{{Roads in Ukraine}}
{{Roads in Europe}}
{{Transportation state administrations in Ukraine}}
{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ukraine roads}}
[[Category:Road infrastructure in Ukraine]]
[[Category:Roads in Ukraine]]