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{{Nihongo|'''Jūkendō'''|銃剣道}} is the [[Japanese martial art]] of [[bayonet]] fighting,<ref name="Steves1985">Stevens, J. (1985): "The Founder, Ueshiba Morihei." In [[Richard Strozzi-Heckler|R. Strozzi-Heckler]] (Ed.): ''Aikido and the new warrior'' (pp. 5–22). Berkeley, CA: North Atlantic. ({{ISBN|978-0-9381-9051-6}})</ref><ref name="Mather1990">Mather, J. (1990): "A Sensei's story: Karate's Takayuki Kubota." ''Black Belt'', 28(6):40–44.</ref><ref name="Steele1991">Steele, D. E. (1991): "Training to fight Saddam's army: US troops prepared for hand-to-hand combat against Iraqis." ''Black Belt'', 29(5):33–36.</ref><ref name="Lowry2009">Lowry, D. (2009): ''The Karate way: Discovering the spirit of practice'' (p. 76). Boston, MA: Shambhala. ({{ISBN|978-1-5903-0647-5}})</ref> and has been likened to [[kendo]] (but with bayonets instead of swords).<ref name="ClaytonHorwitzPollard2004">Clayton, B. D., Horwitz, R., & Pollard, E. (2004): ''Shotokan's secret: The hidden truth behind Karate's fighting origins'' (p. 148). Black Belt Books. ({{ISBN|978-0-8975-0144-6}})</ref> Jukendo techniques are based on [[Sōjutsu|sojutsu]] (spear fighting)<ref name="Tanaka2003">Tanaka, F. (2003): ''Samurai fighting arts: The spirit and the practice'' (p. 222). Tokyo: Kodansha International. ({{ISBN|978-4-7700-2898-3}})</ref> or bayonet techniques from the 17th century, when firearms were introduced to Japan.<ref name="FightingArts2008">[http://www.fightingarts.com/reading/article_nc.php?id=59#jukendo Fighting Arts: Jukendo] (''c.'' 2008). Retrieved on February 28, 2010.</ref>
{{Nihongo|'''Jūkendō'''|銃剣道}} is the [[Japanese martial art]] of [[bayonet]] fighting,<ref name="Steves1985">Stevens, J. (1985): "The Founder, Ueshiba Morihei." In [[Richard Strozzi-Heckler|R. Strozzi-Heckler]] (Ed.): ''Aikido and the new warrior'' (pp. 5–22). Berkeley, CA: North Atlantic. ({{ISBN|978-0-9381-9051-6}})</ref><ref name="Mather1990">Mather, J. (1990): "A Sensei's story: Karate's Takayuki Kubota." ''Black Belt'', 28(6):40–44.</ref><ref name="Steele1991">Steele, D. E. (1991): "Training to fight Saddam's army: US troops prepared for hand-to-hand combat against Iraqis." ''Black Belt'', 29(5):33–36.</ref><ref name="Lowry2009">Lowry, D. (2009): ''The Karate way: Discovering the spirit of practice'' (p. 76). Boston, MA: Shambhala. ({{ISBN|978-1-5903-0647-5}})</ref> and has been likened to [[kendo]] (but with bayonets instead of swords).<ref name="ClaytonHorwitzPollard2004">Clayton, B. D., Horwitz, R., & Pollard, E. (2004): ''Shotokan's secret: The hidden truth behind Karate's fighting origins'' (p. 148). Black Belt Books. ({{ISBN|978-0-8975-0144-6}})</ref> Jukendo techniques are based on [[Sōjutsu|sojutsu]] (spear fighting)<ref name="Tanaka2003">Tanaka, F. (2003): ''Samurai fighting arts: The spirit and the practice'' (p. 222). Tokyo: Kodansha International. ({{ISBN|978-4-7700-2898-3}})</ref> or bayonet techniques from the 17th century, when firearms were introduced to Japan.<ref name="FightingArts2008">[http://www.fightingarts.com/reading/article_nc.php?id=59#jukendo Fighting Arts: Jukendo] (''c.'' 2008). Retrieved on February 28, 2010.</ref>


During the [[Meiji period]], Japanese bayonet fighting techniques were consolidated into a system named jukenjutsu,<ref name="FightingArts2008"/> and taught at the Toyama military academy in Tokyo.<ref name="FightingArts2008"/> [[Morihei Ueshiba]], founder of [[aikido]], trained in jukenjutsu and incorporated some of that art into his own art.<ref name="deJong">de Jong, H. (''c.'' 2007): [http://www.hansdejong.biz/aikido.htm Aikido] Retrieved on February 28, 2010.</ref> Following World War II, the practice of jukenjutsu was banned by the [[Allies of World War II|Allies]], but it later returned in the modern form of jukendo.<ref name="FightingArts2008"/> The Japan Amateur Jukendo Federation was established in 1952.<ref name="Wagner1989">Wagner, E. A. (1989): ''Sport in Asia and Africa: A comparative handbook'' (p. 60). New York: Greenwood. ({{ISBN|978-0-3132-5767-4}})</ref> The All Japan Jukendo Federation was established in April 1956.<ref name="AJJF">[http://www.jukendo.info/renmei13.htm All Japan Jukendo Federation] {{jp icon}}. Retrieved on February 28, 2010.</ref>
During the [[Meiji period]], Japanese bayonet fighting techniques were consolidated into a system named jukenjutsu,<ref name="FightingArts2008"/> and taught at the Toyama military academy in Tokyo.<ref name="FightingArts2008"/> [[Morihei Ueshiba]], founder of [[aikido]], trained in jukenjutsu and incorporated some of that art into his own art.<ref name="deJong">de Jong, H. (''c.'' 2007): [http://www.hansdejong.biz/aikido.htm Aikido] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020175237/http://www.hansdejong.biz/aikido.htm |date=2013-10-20 }} Retrieved on February 28, 2010.</ref> Following World War II, the practice of jukenjutsu was banned by the [[Allies of World War II|Allies]], but it later returned in the modern form of jukendo.<ref name="FightingArts2008"/> The Japan Amateur Jukendo Federation was established in 1952.<ref name="Wagner1989">Wagner, E. A. (1989): ''Sport in Asia and Africa: A comparative handbook'' (p. 60). New York: Greenwood. ({{ISBN|978-0-3132-5767-4}})</ref> The All Japan Jukendo Federation was established in April 1956.<ref name="AJJF">[http://www.jukendo.info/renmei13.htm All Japan Jukendo Federation] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721164737/http://www.jukendo.info/renmei13.htm |date=2011-07-21 }} {{jp icon}}. Retrieved on February 28, 2010.</ref>


Modern jūkendō uses a ''mokujū'', a wooden replica of a rifle with an attached and blunted bayonet at the end, in place of an actual rifle.<ref name="ClaytonHorwitzPollard2004"/> The art is practised by both Japanese [[Japan Self-Defense Forces|military personnel]] and civilians.<ref name="FightingArts2008"/> Training incorporates ''[[kata]]'' (patterns), two-person drills, and competitive matches using ''mokujū'' and protective armor.<ref name="FightingArts2008"/> The three main target areas are the heart, throat, and lower left side of the opponent.<ref name="FightingArts2008"/>
Modern jūkendō uses a ''mokujū'', a wooden replica of a rifle with an attached and blunted bayonet at the end, in place of an actual rifle.<ref name="ClaytonHorwitzPollard2004"/> The art is practised by both Japanese [[Japan Self-Defense Forces|military personnel]] and civilians.<ref name="FightingArts2008"/> Training incorporates ''[[kata]]'' (patterns), two-person drills, and competitive matches using ''mokujū'' and protective armor.<ref name="FightingArts2008"/> The three main target areas are the heart, throat, and lower left side of the opponent.<ref name="FightingArts2008"/>

Revision as of 19:24, 3 December 2017

Jūkendō (銃剣道)
Japanese Type 30 bayonet (1894–1945)
FocusWeaponry (Bayonet)
HardnessCompetitive
Country of originJapan
CreatorNo single creator
ParenthoodHistorical
Olympic sportNo

Jūkendō (銃剣道) is the Japanese martial art of bayonet fighting,[1][2][3][4] and has been likened to kendo (but with bayonets instead of swords).[5] Jukendo techniques are based on sojutsu (spear fighting)[6] or bayonet techniques from the 17th century, when firearms were introduced to Japan.[7]

During the Meiji period, Japanese bayonet fighting techniques were consolidated into a system named jukenjutsu,[7] and taught at the Toyama military academy in Tokyo.[7] Morihei Ueshiba, founder of aikido, trained in jukenjutsu and incorporated some of that art into his own art.[8] Following World War II, the practice of jukenjutsu was banned by the Allies, but it later returned in the modern form of jukendo.[7] The Japan Amateur Jukendo Federation was established in 1952.[9] The All Japan Jukendo Federation was established in April 1956.[10]

Modern jūkendō uses a mokujū, a wooden replica of a rifle with an attached and blunted bayonet at the end, in place of an actual rifle.[5] The art is practised by both Japanese military personnel and civilians.[7] Training incorporates kata (patterns), two-person drills, and competitive matches using mokujū and protective armor.[7] The three main target areas are the heart, throat, and lower left side of the opponent.[7]

See also

References

  1. ^ Stevens, J. (1985): "The Founder, Ueshiba Morihei." In R. Strozzi-Heckler (Ed.): Aikido and the new warrior (pp. 5–22). Berkeley, CA: North Atlantic. (ISBN 978-0-9381-9051-6)
  2. ^ Mather, J. (1990): "A Sensei's story: Karate's Takayuki Kubota." Black Belt, 28(6):40–44.
  3. ^ Steele, D. E. (1991): "Training to fight Saddam's army: US troops prepared for hand-to-hand combat against Iraqis." Black Belt, 29(5):33–36.
  4. ^ Lowry, D. (2009): The Karate way: Discovering the spirit of practice (p. 76). Boston, MA: Shambhala. (ISBN 978-1-5903-0647-5)
  5. ^ a b Clayton, B. D., Horwitz, R., & Pollard, E. (2004): Shotokan's secret: The hidden truth behind Karate's fighting origins (p. 148). Black Belt Books. (ISBN 978-0-8975-0144-6)
  6. ^ Tanaka, F. (2003): Samurai fighting arts: The spirit and the practice (p. 222). Tokyo: Kodansha International. (ISBN 978-4-7700-2898-3)
  7. ^ a b c d e f g Fighting Arts: Jukendo (c. 2008). Retrieved on February 28, 2010.
  8. ^ de Jong, H. (c. 2007): Aikido Archived 2013-10-20 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on February 28, 2010.
  9. ^ Wagner, E. A. (1989): Sport in Asia and Africa: A comparative handbook (p. 60). New York: Greenwood. (ISBN 978-0-3132-5767-4)
  10. ^ All Japan Jukendo Federation Archived 2011-07-21 at the Wayback Machine Template:Jp icon. Retrieved on February 28, 2010.
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