Retroperitoneal fibrosis
| Retroperitoneal fibrosis | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Ormond's disease |
| Specialty | Rheumatology, vascular surgery, urology |
| Risk factors | male sex, age[1] |
Retroperitoneal fibrosis or Ormond's disease is a disease featuring the proliferation of fibrous tissue (fibrosis) in the retroperitoneum, the compartment of the body containing the kidneys, aorta, renal tract, and various other structures. It may present with lower back pain, kidney failure, hypertension, deep vein thrombosis, and other obstructive symptoms. It is named after John Kelso Ormond, who rediscovered the condition in 1948.[2][3][4]
Causes
[edit]The association of idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis with various immune-related conditions and response to immunosuppression led to a search for an autoimmune cause of idiopathic RPF.[5][6] Many of these previously idiopathic cases can now be attributed to IgG4-related disease, an autoimmune disorder proposed in 2003.[7][8][9] Otherwise, one-third of cases are secondary to malignancy, medication (methysergide, hydralazine, beta blockers), prior radiotherapy, or certain infections.[1][9] However, emerging evidence suggests that occupational exposure to asbestos and tobacco smoking are also strong, synergistic risk factors for the development of idiopathic RPF, underscoring the importance of preventative measures in high risk populations.[10]
Other associations include:
- connective tissue disease[11][12]
- Riedel's thyroiditis[13]
- sclerosing cholangitis[citation needed]
- membranous nephropathy[14]
- ankylosing spondylitis[15]
- inflammatory bowel disease[12][16]
- ANCA-associated vasculitis[14]
- autoimmune pancreatitis[17][18][19]
- sarcoidosis[20]
- primary biliary cirrhosis[21][22]
- inflammatory abdominal aortic aneurysm[23][24]
Diagnosis
[edit]The diagnosis of retroperitoneal fibrosis cannot be made on the basis of the results of laboratory studies. CT is the best diagnostic modality:[25] a confluent mass surrounding the aorta[6] and common iliac arteries can be seen. On MRI, it has low T1 signal intensity and variable T2 signal. Malignant retroperitoneal fibrosis usually gives uneven MRI signals, is bulky, extends above the origins of renal arteries, or displaces the aorta anteriorly. Additionally, malignant retroperitoneal fibrosis less frequently displaces the ureters medially when compared to other causes of retroperitoneal fibrosis.[14]
On fludeoxyglucose (18F) (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) scan, FDG accumulation is shown in the affected area.[14]
Although biopsy is not usually recommended, it is appropriate when malignancy or infection is suspected. Biopsy should also be done if the location of fibrosis is atypical or if there is an inadequate response to initial treatment.[6]
Treatment
[edit]In the absence of severe urinary tract obstruction (which generally requires surgery with omental wrapping), treatment is generally with glucocorticoids initially, followed by DMARDs either as steroid-sparing agents or if refractory on steroids.[1] Glucocorticoids act as anti-inflammatory agents, diminishing the size of the retroperitoneal mass and alleviating obstructions and associated complications; this is achieved through the suppression of cytokine synthesis that contributes to the acute-phase reaction, and by impeding the development of collagen.[26] The selective estrogen receptor modulator tamoxifen has shown to improve the condition in various small trials, although the exact mechanism of its action remains unclear.[27]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c van Bommel EF (July 2002). "Retroperitoneal fibrosis". Neth J Med. 60 (6): 231–42. PMID 12365466. Retrieved 10 August 2022.
- ^ Albarran-Ormond syndrome at Who Named It?
- ^ Ormond JK (1948). "Bilateral ureteral obstruction due to envelopment and compression by an inflammatory retroperitoneal process". J. Urol. 59 (6): 1072–9. doi:10.1016/s0022-5347(17)69482-5. PMID 18858051.
- ^ Ormond JK (October 1965). "Idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis: a discussion of the etiology". J. Urol. 94 (4): 385–90. doi:10.1016/s0022-5347(17)63635-8. PMID 5839568.
- ^ Thongprayoon, C; Spanuchart I; Cheungpasitporn W; Kangwanpornsiri A (May 2014). "Idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis: a challenging case in a rare disease". N Am J Med Sci. 6 (5): 237–8. doi:10.4103/1947-2714.132945. PMC 4049060. PMID 24926452.
- ^ a b c Vaglio A, Salvarani C, Buzio C (January 2006). "Retroperitoneal fibrosis". Lancet. 367 (9506): 241–51. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(06)68035-5. PMID 16427494. S2CID 25511135.
- ^ Kamisawa, Terumi; Egawa, Naoto; Nakajima, Hitoshi (2003). "Autoimmune Pancreatitis is a Systemic Autoimmune Disease". American Journal of Gastroenterology. 98 (12): 2811–2812. doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2003.08758.x. PMID 14687846. S2CID 36222260.
- ^ Lanzillotta, Marco; Mancuso, Gaia; Della-Torre, Emmanuel (2020). "Advances in the diagnosis and management of IgG4 related disease". The British Medical Journal. 369: m1067. doi:10.1136/bmj.m1067. PMID 32546500. m1067.
- ^ a b Lian, Linjuan; Wang, Cong; Tian, Jian-li (2016). "IgG4-related retroperitoneal fibrosis: A newly characterized disease". International Journal of Rheumatic Diseases. 19 (11): 1049–1055. doi:10.1111/1756-185X.12863. PMID 27125330.
- ^ Goldoni, Matteo; Bonini, Silvia; Urban, Maria L.; Palmisano, Alessandra; De Palma, Giuseppe; Galletti, Elisa; Coggiola, Marco; Buzio, Carlo; Mutti, Antonio; Vaglio, Augusto (2014-08-05). "Asbestos and Smoking as Risk Factors for Idiopathic Retroperitoneal Fibrosis: A Case–Control Study". Annals of Internal Medicine. 161 (3): 181. doi:10.7326/M13-2648. ISSN 0003-4819.
- ^ Dhanawat, Aditya; Gupta, Partisha; Padhan, Prasanta (2020). "Mixed Connective Tissue Disease with Retroperitoneal Fibrosis: A Rare Occurrence". Archives of Rheumatology. 35 (1): 137–141. doi:10.5606/ArchRheumatol.2020.7452. PMC 7322295. PMID 32637930.
- ^ a b Biyani, Chandra Shekhar; Taylor, Joby; Browning, Anthony J. (2 September 2021). Schwartz, Bradley Fields (ed.). "Retroperitoneal Fibrosis Overview". Medscape. Retrieved 10 August 2022.
- ^ Drieskens, Oliver; Blockmans, Daniel; Van den Bruel, Annick; Mortelmans, Luc (2002). "Riedel's thyroiditis and retroperitoneal fibrosis in multifocal fibrosclerosis: Positron emission tomographic findings". Clinical Nuclear Medicine. 27 (6): 413–415. doi:10.1097/00003072-200206000-00005. PMID 12045432. S2CID 423062.
- ^ a b c d Vaglio, Augusto; Maritati, Federica (July 2016). "Idiopathic Retroperitoneal Fibrosis". Journal of the American Society of Nephrology. 27 (7): 1880–1889. doi:10.1681/ASN.2015101110. ISSN 1046-6673. PMC 4926988. PMID 26860343.
- ^ LeBlanc, Claire M.A.; Inman, Robert D.; Dent, Peter; Smith, Charles; Babyn, Paul; Laxer, Ronald M. (2002). "Retroperitoneal Fibrosis: An Extraarticular Manifestation of Ankylosing Spondylitis". Arthritis & Rheumatism. 42 (2): 210–214. doi:10.1002/art.10267. PMID 11954016.
- ^ Kermani, Tanaz A.; Crowson, Cynthia S.; Achenbach, Sara J.; Luthra, Harvinder S. (2011). "Idiopathic Retroperitoneal Fibrosis: A Retrospective Review of Clinical Presentation, Treatment, and Outcomes". Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 86 (4): 297–303. doi:10.4065/mcp.2010.0663. PMC 3068889. PMID 21454732.
- ^ Fanidou, Domna; Filippou, Nikolaos; Katseli, Anastasia; Papadopoulos, Georgios; Skandalakis, Panagiotis; Filippou, Dimitrios (2018). "Autoimmune pancreatitis associated with retroperitoneal fibrosis mimicking cholangiocarcinoma". Oxford Medical Case Reports. 2018 (9): omy056. doi:10.1093/omcr/omy056. PMC 6109199. PMID 30159151.
- ^ Fukukura, Yoshihiko; Fujiyoshi, Fumito; Nakamura, Fumihiko; Hamada, Hiroyuki; Nakajo, Masayuki (2003). "Autoimmune Pancreatitis Associated with Idiopathic Retroperitoneal Fibrosis". American Journal of Roentgenology (PDF). 181 (4): 993–995. doi:10.2214/ajr.181.4.1810993. PMID 14500215. Retrieved 10 August 2022.
- ^ Kamisawa, Terumi; Chen, Pong-Yui; Tu, Yuyang; Nakajima, Hitoshi; Egawa, Naoto (2006). "Autoimmune pancreatitis metachronously associated with retroperitoneal fibrosis with IgG4-positive plasma cell infiltration". World Journal of Gastroenterology. 12 (18): 2955–2957. doi:10.3748/wjg.v12.i18.2955. PMC 4087819. PMID 16718827.
- ^ Tatari, Murat; Trujillo, David Abia; Mira-Avendano, Isabel (October 2020). "Retroperitoneal Fibrosis Presenting as Ureteral Obstruction Secondary to Sarcoidosis". Chest. 158 (4): A1200. doi:10.1016/j.chest.2020.08.1093. S2CID 225126556. A1200.
- ^ Huang, Xuan; Lu, Bin; Li, Meng; Fan, Yihong; Zhang, Lu (2018). "IgG4-related retroperitoneal fibrosis overlapping with primary biliary cirrhosis and primary Sjögren's syndrome: A case report". Medicine. 97 (26): e11303. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000011303. PMC 6039603. PMID 29953016. e11303.
- ^ Sevenet, François; Capron-Chivrac, Dominique; Delcenserie, Richard; Lelarge, Christian; Delamarre, Jacques; Capron, Jean-Pierre (1985). "Idiopathic Retroperitoneal Fibrosis and Primary Biliary Cirrhosis: A New Association?". Archives of Internal Medicine. 145 (11): 2124–2125. doi:10.1001/archinte.1985.00360110200042. PMID 4062468.
- ^ Poredos, Pavel (2008). "Inflammatory aortic aneurysm". e-Journal of the European Society for Cardiology Practice. 7 (10). Retrieved 10 August 2022.
- ^ Fatima, Javairiah; Gota, Carmen; Clair, Daniel G.; Billings, Steven D.; Gornik, Heather L. (2014). "Inflammatory Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm with Retroperitoneal Fibrosis". Circulation. 130 (15): 1300–1302. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.010173. PMID 25287771.
- ^ Avaria P, Hirsch M.Forniceal rupture and urinoma secondary to retroperitoneal fibrosis: A clinical case and literature review. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uromx.2015.10.001
- ^ Vaglio, Augusto; Salvarani, Carlo; Buzio, Carlo (January 2006). "Retroperitoneal fibrosis". The Lancet. 367 (9506): 241–251. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(06)68035-5. ISSN 0140-6736.
- ^ Biyani, Chandra Shekhar; Taylor, Joby; Browning, Anthony J. (2 September 2021). Schwartz, Bradley Fields (ed.). "Retroperitoneal Fibrosis Treatment & Management". Medscape. Retrieved 10 August 2022.