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Peru–Yugoslavia relations

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Peru-Yugoslavia relations
Map indicating locations of Peru and Yugoslavia

Peru
Yugoslavia
Diplomatic mission
Embassy of Peru, BelgradeEmbassy of Yugoslavia, Lima

Peru–Yugoslavia relations were historical foreign relations between Peru and Yugoslavia. Both countries had amicable relations and were active in the Non-Aligned Movement which was established in Belgrade in 1961. Peru had an embassy in Belgrade until 2006[1][2] and Yugoslavia, later Serbia, had an embassy in Lima until 2009.[3]

History

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Kingdom of Yugoslavia

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Relations between Peru and the then Kingdom of Yugoslavia date back to the 1920s,[4] as the latter had established an honorary consulate in Lima and the former had consulates in Belgrade and Zagreb by 1929.[5] The former also had a Croat minority present in the city's capital, Callao and Cerro de Pasco,[6] represented by the Yugoslav Society in central Lima.[7] During World War II in Yugoslavia, Peru established economic and consular relations with the Yugoslav government-in-exile in October 1942.[8] The consulate and embassy accredited to Peru were then located in Santiago de Chile.[9]

Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia

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In 1950, both countries organized cultural exchanges among its citizens aimed at development of further relations.[10] In 1963, President Josip Broz Tito organized a month long (18 September – 17 October) South American tour during which he visited Brazil, Chile, Bolivia, Peru and Mexico.[11] In Peru he met President Fernando Belaúnde Terry.[11]

After Juan Velasco Alvarado's coup d'état against Fernando Belaúnde and the establishment of his so-called revolutionary government, Peru reestablished relations with the countries of the second world, including the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in 1967.[12][13] Thus, the Yugoslav consulate was opened in Lima, replacing the honorary consulate.[8] Relations were then upgraded to embassy level on December of the following year,[8] and the embassy of Peru in Belgrade was opened on the same year.[12][13] After Peru recognized and established relations with Albania in late 1971, the ambassador in Belgrade became accredited to Albania[12]

The first Yugoslav ambassador presented his credentials on January 9, 1971.[8] On the same year, Yugoslav Foreign Minister Mirko Tepavac invited Peruvian politician Luis Edgardo Mercado Jarrín to official visit to Yugoslavia.[14] Yugoslav diplomacy wanted to develop its relations with countries in Latin America which were not right-wing dictatorships with an aim to engage them in the Non-Aligned Movement. The country believed that other Latin American countries will be in a position to counterbalance Cuban efforts to de facto align the movement with Eastern Bloc.

Relations after 1971

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After the death of Tito, a Peruvian delegation headed by Pedro Richter Prada, then Prime Minister of Peru, was sent to the state funeral held on May 8, 1980.[15]

During the internal conflict in Peru, due to the region's support of the Peruvian government and lack of support for the terror group, embassies of the Eastern Bloc were attacked by the Shining Path on several occasions, such as in 1986, when the Soviet embassy was attacked,[16] or in 1987, when the North Korean embassy was bombed.[17] The Yugoslav embassy was not spared from the conflict either, as it was also the target of an unsuccessful bombing on September 4, 1981.[18]

After the breakup of Yugoslavia, Peru continued relations with the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro)[19] and its other successor states, such as Croatia in 1993.[20] The Peruvian embassy in Belgrade closed in 2006,[1][2] a couple of months after the independence of Montenegro, and the Peruvian Ambassador to Romania became accredited to Serbia until 2018, when the Peruvian Ambassador to Hungary became accredited instead after a series of reforms.[21] On the other hand, the Serbian embassy's closure was announced and finalized in 2009,[3] with the Serbian mission in Buenos Aires becoming accredited to Peru instead.[22]

During the 2016 Peruvian general election, the National Office of Electoral Processes accidentally listed the Honorary Consulate of Peru in Belgrade as being located in Yugoslavia, while at the same time listing North Macedonia as a separate state, where only three people voted.[23]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b "RREE oficializa cierre de seis embajadas". La República (in Spanish). 9 September 2006. Retrieved 19 April 2022.
  2. ^ a b "Fijan fechas de cierre temporal de las Embajadas del Perú en Serbia, Ucrania, Hungría y Jamaica". El Peruano. 2006-10-05.
  3. ^ a b "Zatvorena Ambasada U Peruu I Konzulat U Lionu" [Embassy in Peru and Consulate in Lyon closed]. Министарство спољних послова Републике Србије.
  4. ^ "Serbia: Relaciones Bilaterales". Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Archived from the original on 2009-08-25.
  5. ^ Lascano; Lopez (1929). Almanaque Ilustrado del Perú 1929 (in Spanish). Ed. Guia Lascano. p. 100.
  6. ^ Burin 2009, p. 85: Conversión de las Sociedades Slavas de Beneficiencia en Sociedades Yugoslavas de Beneficiencia: "Como consecuencia de la creación del Estado de Yugoslavia, las Sociedades Slavas de Beneficiencia que existían tanto en el Callao como en Cerro de Pasco cambiaron su nombre por el de Sociedades Yugoslavas de Beneficencia.

    La sociedad que había sido fundada en el Callao en 1906, cambió su nombre en 1922 por el de Sociedad Yugoslava de Beneficencia. Ese mismo año la institución dejó la sede del Callao y se trasladó a Lima. Esto fue por el hecho de que la mayoría de los eslavos residía en la ciudad capital. Paulatinamente, varios de los yugoslavos que antes residían en el interior del país (sobre todo en ciudades de la sierra central) se habían ido trasladando a Lima. Por ejemplo, en 1923 fue elegido Nicolás Lale en el cargo de presidente de la institución, quien había sido uno de los fundadores de la Sociedad de Beneficiencia creada en Cerro de Pasco en 1881."
  7. ^ Burin 2009, p. 85: "En Lima, la institución tuvo inicialmente una sede en la calle Santo Toribio, en el centro de Lima (cerca de la iglesia de San Francisco); luego se trasladó a la calle San José, donde compartió el local de la empresa del Sr. Mateo Galjuf. En 1942, la institución pasó al local del Jr. Callao, en la esquina con el Jr. Camaná, hasta que se mudó en 1945 a su local propio de la calle San Martín, en el distrito de Magdalena del Mar. En 1968, esta institución se trasladó definitivamente a la Av. San Felipe, distrito de Jesús María, lugar donde funciona hasta la fecha [2009]."
  8. ^ a b c d Foreign Assistance and Related Agencies Appropriations for 1972: Hearings Before a Subcommittee of the Committee on Appropriations, House of Representatives, Ninety-second Congress, First Session. U.S. Government Printing Office. 1971. p. 841.
  9. ^ Burin 2009, p. 85: "Durante este periodo el Consulado yugoslavo estuvo a cargo del croata Antonio Ciurlizza, quien desempeñó el cargo desde 1920 hasta 1947. Como secretario del Consulado estuvo Andrés Puljižević (natural de Dubrovnik), quien durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial dirigió la revista Mundo Slavo que se editaba en Lima. El Consulado en Perú era un cargo honorario, mientras que el Consulado oficial y la Embajada de Yugoslavia estaban en Santiago de Chile.

    En el año 1943, vino al Perú el embajador de Yugoslavia Dr. Kolombatović. La sede de la embajada de Yugoslavia estaba en Santiago de Chile. Desde los años posteriores a la Segunda Guerra Mundial, el Perú no tuvo relaciones diplomáticas con Yugoslavia, las que se restablecieron en la década de 1979."
  10. ^ Peruvian-Yugoslav Relations (PDF). Central Intelligence Agency. 1950. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 23, 2017.
  11. ^ a b Vidosava Eraković (2015). "Титова "америчка турнеја" 1963. године – посета Бразилу, Чилеу, Боливији, Перуу и Сједињеним Америчким Државама". Arhiv. XVI (1–2). Archives of Yugoslavia. Retrieved 25 November 2020.
  12. ^ a b c Breña Alegre, Jeancarlo Giovanni (2017). Relaciones entre el Perú y los Países Balcánicos no miembros de la Unión Europea: Retos y Perspectivas (in Spanish). Academia Diplomática del Perú Javier Pérez de Cuéllar.
  13. ^ a b Novak, Fabián (2004). Las relaciones entre el Perú y Alemania (1828–2003) (in Spanish) (1st ed.). Lima: Fondo Editorial PUCP.
  14. ^ Milutin Tomanović, ed. (1972). Hronika međunarodnih događaja 1971. Institute of International Politics and Economics. p. 2709.
  15. ^ "Foreign Delegations to Tito's Funeral". Yugoslav News Bulletin (126). Yugoslav Press and Cultural Center. 1980. The Peruvian state delegation to the funeral of President Tito will be headed by Prime Minister Pedro Richter Prada, as announced in Lima. The Peruvian delegation will include a number of prominent officials.
  16. ^ "One Peru Gunman Slain In Soviet Embassy Raid". New York Times. 1986-07-09.
  17. ^ "Maoist Guerrillas Bomb North Korean Trade Office". Associated Press. 1987-04-30.
  18. ^ "APENDICE: CUADROS CRONOLOGICOS SOBRE LA VIOLENCIA POLITICA". Violencia política en el Perú: 1980-1988 (in Spanish). Vol. 1. Lima: DESCO Centro de Estudios y Promoción del Desarrollo. 1989. p. 824.
  19. ^ "SERBIA-PERU [RELATIONS]". Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Archived from the original on 2012-03-05.
  20. ^ "Collection of International Treaties: Peru". Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Archived from the original on 2011-09-28.
  21. ^ "Cancillería realiza siete cambios en embajadas de Europa y Asia". Gestión. 2018-12-29.
  22. ^ "Jurisdicción Consular". Embajada de la República de Serbia.
  23. ^ "ONPE abrió una mesa en Yugoslavia, un país que ya no existe". RPP Noticias. 2016-06-07.

Bibliography

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