Jump to content

Naousa, Imathia

Coordinates: 40°38′N 22°4′E / 40.633°N 22.067°E / 40.633; 22.067
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Naousa Province)
Naousa
Νάουσα
Naousa
Naousa
Official seal of Naousa
Naousa is located in Greece
Naousa
Naousa
Location within the region
Coordinates: 40°38′N 22°4′E / 40.633°N 22.067°E / 40.633; 22.067
CountryGreece
Administrative regionCentral Macedonia
Regional unitImathia
Area
 • Municipality
425.5 km2 (164.3 sq mi)
 • Municipal unit300.9 km2 (116.2 sq mi)
Elevation
330 - 480 m (−1,240 ft)
Population
 (2021)[1]
 • Municipality
30,054
 • Density71/km2 (180/sq mi)
 • Municipal unit
19,706
 • Municipal unit density65/km2 (170/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+2 (EET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+3 (EEST)
Postal code
592 00
Area code(s)23320
Vehicle registrationΗΜ
Websitewww.naoussa.gr

Naousa (Greek: Νάουσα, historically Νάουσσα - Naoussa; Aromanian: Naustã), officially The Heroic City of Naousa is a city in the Imathia regional unit of Central Macedonia, Greece. It is located at the foot of the Vermio Mountains. According to the 2021 census the city population was 19,706 inhabitants and that of the homonymous metropolitan area 30,054 inhabitants.

Since 1955, Naousa has been designated as a heroic city by royal decree, honoring the struggle of its inhabitants during the Greek War of Independence.[2] A monument at the Stoubanoi area, near the river Arapista, commemorates the sacrifice of the women who, in April 1822, preferred death instead of capture, and jumped into this river with their children.

Naousa is famous for its carnival,[3] its ski resorts and its wine production, as well as for the archaeological sites discovered at the area of ancient Mieza. Since 2021, it is a member of the European Institute of Cultural Routes.[4]

Naoussa covered in snow
Naoussa Municipal Park at winter
Genitsaros in the traditional Mougri Mansion of the town
Agios Nikolaos Park
Arapitsa River that is crossing the town

History

[edit]

Antiquity

[edit]
Flag of the revolutionaries from Naousa (1821).

Herodotus locates at the Naousa area "the fertile Gardens of King Midas, son of Gordios".[5] Although no ancient settlement has been identified in the current location of the city itself, numerous archaeological findings at the sites of Kopanos, Hariessa, and Lefkadia date back from the Bronze Age era to the Roman period.[6] They indicate the presence of an important city (Mieza), where Aristotle's school, an ancient theatre, and several tombs from the Hellenistic period have been found. Moreover, Mieza is mentioned in a Delphi dedication.[7]

View of the clocktower of the town
St George church

Ottoman period

[edit]

Information described in this section is mainly derived from books written by François Charles Hugues Laurent Pouqueville, French diplomat, explorer, physician and historian[8] William Martin Leake, British colonel and spy[9], and Basil Nicolaïdes [10], French captain of an engineering corps. All three visited the Ottoman occupied Macedonia and referred to Naousa. In addition, two historical works by the Greek authors, Efstathios Stougianakis[11] and Thomas Bliatkas[12] are exclusively dedicated to Naousa.

The establishment of the current city is placed in the second half of the 14th century. During this century, Macedonia, after having been alternatively part of the Byzantine and Serbian Empires, started to be conquered by the Ottomans. The anarchy prevailed in the region and people took refuge in the place of present-day city of Naousa from where they could easily see impending dangers, the entire plain lying at their feet. The officialization of the settlement in the frame of the Ottoman Empire is connected with the military commander Evrenos. Its Ottoman name was Ağustos [5], which evolved to the Greek Niaousta and, then, Naousa.

From the beginning, Naousa was a Christian city with no other Ottomans except the Qadi and the Voivode (commander). Its inhabitants had been awarded important tax privileges, self-government rights, as well as the right of having their own garrison. Many of these priviledges were obtained thanks to the intervention of Mara Brankovic, daughter of the Serbian ruler Đurađ Branković and wife of the Sultan Murad II. This resulted in a rapid increase of population and the development of handicrafts (weaponry, goldsmithing, weaving, etc.). The Ottoman traveller Evliya Çelebi mentions that, during his visit in the 17th century, Naousa was inhabited by Greeks. At that time, it was already a well-known urban center with about a thousand houses having an economic influence in the region of central Macedonia.

An important uprising took place in 1705, when a Turkish official arrived with the order to recruit young boys for the Janissary battalions. The residents refused to hand over their children and killed the official and two of his companions. Led by the armatoles Zisis Karademos and his two sons, about 100 people raised the flag of rebellion and inflicted blows on the conquerors. However, a detachment of 800 Turks managed to surround the rebels and finally kill Karadimos. His two sons were arrested and sentenced to death. The uprising of the Naousaians in 1705 contributed to the end of devshirme in the Balkans.

In 1772 Naoussa became one of the centers of a conspiratorial movement for a rebellion against the Ottomans, instigated by Sotirios Lefkadios, an agent of Russia. The bishops of Edessa, Veria, [Servia, Greece|Servia]] and Kozani and others met in Naousa and Kozani and they decided to form military corps with the help of the armatoles. The fate of the conspiracy is not known, but at that time the Ottomans, fearing an attack by the Russian fleet, committed many atrocities against the Greeks. This situation ended with the Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca (1774) by which the Ottoman Empire was forced to grant many privileges to the Greeks.

In the meantime, Naoussa continued to develop at a rapid pace. Within a century, the population almost doubled and it gained a reputation for both its wines and its educational activities. It thus attracted the interest of the ambitious Ali Pasha of Ioannina. With sieges and treachery, he tried to annex it several times between 1795 and 1804, when he eventually succeeded. But in 1812 he was obliged by order of the sultan to abandon the city.

In February 1822 Naoussa, despite its prosperity, took part in the Greek War of Independence. A solemn declaration of the revolution was made in the Cathedral of the town with praise, swearing, revolutionary chants and the raising of the flags on the towers and gates of the city. Military operations led by Zafeirakis Theodosiou and Anastasios Karatasos, with the aim of creating a free revolutionary regime in the region, led to the siege of the city. Abdul Abud, the Pasha of Thessaloniki, arrived on March 14 at the head of a 16,000 strong force and 12 cannons. The Greeks defended Naousa with a force of 4000 under Anastasios Karatasos, Dimitrios Karatasos, Aggelis Gatsos, Karamitsos and Philippos, the son of Zafeirakis Theodosiou, under the overall command of Zafeirakis Theodosiou and Anastasios Karatasos. The Turks attempted to take the town of Naousa on March 16, 18 and 19, without success. On March 24 the Turks began a bombardment of the city walls that lasted for several days. The Turkish attack failed, but on April 6, but after receiving fresh reinforcements of additional 3000 men, the Ottoman Army finally overcame the Greek resistance and entered the city. A complete destruction of the city, looting, massacres and persecutions of the population followed. Several women preferred to kill themselves by falling with their children into the foamy waters of the Arapitsa waterfall in "Stubanos" in order to avoid being captured by the Turks. According to official Ottoman documents 409 Naousians were killed, 33 left the city and 198 were pardoned, all mostly men. Over 400 women and children were sold as slaves. The properties of the dead and fugitives (655 houses) and the church were confiscated. The fall and the massacre of Naousa marked the end of the Greek Revolution in Central Macedonia.[9]. After this event the city lost its privileges for the next few years. Many Naousians continued the struggle in the Greek War of Independence in Southern Greece [13]. After this event the city lost its privileges for the next few years. Many Naoussians continued the struggle in the Greek War of Independence in Southern Greece.

Despite the devastation Naousa recovered quickly. The 198 Nausians who were pardoned belonged to the wealthiest families. In addition to the fields, they also had 43 workshops and 4 large spinning mills. They were the basis for economic development, especially in the manufacture of wool. Christian and muslim families from other places moved to Naousa.

In the last years of Ottoman rule Naoussa experienced commercial and industrial prosperity. The development started mainly with the reforms in the Ottoman Empire. During the Tanzimat period, among other, religious minorities gained equal rights with Muslims and equality provided more certainty in matters of property. Around 20 families formed the basis of economic prosperity for years to come. Through marriages many of them also shared in other families' businesses. In 1874-1875 the "Loggou-Kirtsi-Turpalis" textile factory was founded in Naoussa, probably the first industry in the Balkans in the modern sense of the term. Industrialists have benefited from the international drop in the price of cotton, cheap water as energy and low wages and thus were able to compete satisfactorily cotton imports from abroad. Other industrial textile units followed in the following years and until the beginning of the 20th century. At the same time the Bulgarian woolen producers, who had been strong in the market until then, no longer satisfied the needs of the Ottoman army in terms of quality and thus gradually lost the market of the Empire. The new factories of Naoussa took advantage of the opportunity and the Hatzilazarou factory in particular was unable to satisfy the army's increased demand for woollens.

During the Macedonian Struggle (1904-1908) Naoussa was an important center against the action of the Bulgarian komitadjis. Greek rebel bodies were supported by the city with most important chieftains Epaminondas Garnetas and Ioannis Simanikas. The Macedonian Struggle was the starting point of the victorious liberation wars of the period 1912-1913, known in historiography as Balkan Wars. Naoussa was freed from Ottoman rule on October 17, 1912.

The museum of the Macedonian Struggle housed in the old diocese of the city.

Modern Greek State

[edit]

At the time of liberation Naoussa was an industrial city and its population was 9,000 to 12,000 inhabitants, of which around 20% were workers (mostly single women). The city had in 1912 three textile factories with 14,200 looms. Another 3 textile factories with 26,500 looms in Edessa and Thessaloniki were entirely owned by Naousians. Naoussa thus controlled at that time 6 of the 10 textile units of Macedonia which in turn had half the production units of the entire Ottoman Empire. 90% of the workers in the mechanized wool processing units were controlled by Naoussians. In the same year the town also had 3 large and dozens of small mills, 3 carpentry plants and dozens of presses, silk mills and smaller wool processing industries.

Economic growth continued unabated even with the city as part of the Greek state. New industrial units were established, agriculture was modernized with systematic tree cultivation and foreign trade took leaps. The city's population experienced a significant increase when large numbers of Anatolia refugees were settled in Naoussa, following the Greco-Turkish War (1919–1922) and the subsequent Treaty of Lausanne.

During the German Occupation Naoussians actively participated in the Greek resistance. The large volume of workers that existed in the city had become a pre-war recruiting ground for KKE. At the same time the mountainous massifs around Naoussa made it possible to organize rebel groups. So (communist) ELAS, which did not tolerate other organizations, established its headquarters and reception centers for recruits in the surrounding mountains. At the same time the civil conflict for the control of the resistance movement begun.

In mid-September 1944 ELAS liberated Naoussa. In May 1945 there were big strikes of the labor movement. In the Civil War that followed the Occupation the city suffered frequent guerrilla attacks. In August 1946 the city was attacked for three days by large groups of rebels. In October of the same year the city was hit again by a force of 400 communists. A large part of Naoussa, which had about 12,000 inhabitants, was burned. At the end of January 1949 the city was occupied by ELAS for two or three days, it was set on fire and many residents, especially young women, were forcibly kidnapped. At the same time most of the prominent citizens were executed including the Mayor of the city. Several of the forcibly recruited will met their death a few days later, as they were thrown naked and on the front line at the Battle of Florina (12.02.49). In June 1949 Naoussa was attacked again and 300 inhabitants became hostages. However the Air Force attacked the retreating rebels who eventually released the abductees.

After the end of the Civil War Naoussa was reborn from its ashes. Destroyed factories were rebuilt, thousands of workers found work again and the burned-out manor center was rebuilt. From the 1950s until today flokates (woolen carpets) have been produced in Naoussa. At the same time in the field of agriculture,new dynamic crops contributed to the further development of the city and the rich forest wealth of Vermio was properly utilized.

Administration and demographics

[edit]

The province of Naousa (Greek: Επαρχία Νάουσας) was one of the provinces of Imathia. It had the same territory as the present municipality.[14] It was abolished in 2006. The current municipality of Naousa was established by the 2011 local government reform, with the merger of the following three former municipalities that became municipal units:[15]

The municipality has an area of 425.491 km2, the municipal unit 300.891 km2.[16]

Population of the municipal unit of Naousa
YearPop.±%
1920[17]8,483—    
1928[18]10,438+23.0%
1940[19]12,815+22.8%
1951[20]12,584−1.8%
1961[19]15,492+23.1%
1971[21]17,375+12.2%
1981[22]19,430+11.8%
1991[23]19,794+1.9%
2001[16]22,274+12.5%
2011[24]21,152−5.0%
2021[1]19,706−6.8%

Geography

[edit]
Vermio Mountains
Seli ski resort, Kato Vermio
Vermio Mountains
Vermio Mountains from Agios Nikolaos, Naousa

Naousa is located in Northwestern Imathia, 22 kilometers north of Veroia and 90 kilometers west of Thessaloniki, the biggest city in Northern Greece. The city lies on the eastern foothills of Vermio Mountains, one of the biggest mountain ranges in Greece, and west to the plain of Kambania (or Giannitsa). Naousa is today the largest forest-owning municipality in the country[25] being also surrounded by orchards, producing peaches, apples, cherries and other fruits, while the jam brand name Naousa is well-known all over Greece. Naousa is also known for its parks (Municipal Park, Park of Saint Nicholas etc.) and for its ski resorts (3-5 Pigadia and Seli). Due to its location, altitude can raise by as much as 150m between the lowest and highest parts of the city, and it reaches nearly 550m in the Saint Nicholas' Park . Naousa is also home of one of the three female named Greek rivers, Arapitsa, together with Neda in Peloponnese and Erkyna in Livadeia.

Climate

[edit]
Vineyard in Naousa
Agios Nikolaos Park at winter

Naousa has a humid subtropical climate (Cfa) in the Köppen climate classification but due to its inland location and elevation, is more continental (and less Mediterranean) than that found in most Greek cities. It is heavily influenced by the mountains which rise rapidly up to the west, and by the plain of Kambania to the east. On one hand, the mountains shelter the area from cold winds blowing from the north and west down the Balkan Peninsula and also from hot southwest winds, creating a non-extreme microclimate. On the other they create föhn winds, which draw in cool, damp air from the Aegean coast. The annual precipitation of Naousa is typically lower than in western Greece, but it is one of the highest in the Macedonia region, measuring around 710 mm per year. Winters can be cold and Vermio mountains are home to two of the most famous skiing resorts in Greece, Seli and 3-5 Pigadia. In the city, snowfall is not uncommon (snow falls at an average of 10–15 days per year) and measurable amounts of snow can remain on the ground for several days. Typically, downtown Naousa experiences milder winter temperatures than the suburbs where temperatures can drop many degrees below zero. Recent years have been a lot warmer and the 2007 European heat wave saw Naousa reaching 40 °C for the first time in recent memory, with an absolute maximum of 41.3 °C in July 25. On January 8, 2017, temperature dropped to -10.5 °C, which is a 10-year low.[26]

Climate data for Naousa City Hall
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 7.3
(45.1)
9.1
(48.4)
13.0
(55.4)
17.9
(64.2)
22.8
(73.0)
27.8
(82.0)
30.4
(86.7)
29.3
(84.7)
24.8
(76.6)
18.8
(65.8)
12.4
(54.3)
8.7
(47.7)
18.6
(65.5)
Daily mean °C (°F) 4.3
(39.7)
5.5
(41.9)
9.0
(48.2)
13.2
(55.8)
17.8
(64.0)
22.4
(72.3)
24.2
(75.6)
23.5
(74.3)
20.0
(68.0)
14.8
(58.6)
9.5
(49.1)
5.8
(42.4)
14.2
(57.6)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 1.7
(35.1)
2.5
(36.5)
5.6
(42.1)
9.3
(48.7)
13.7
(56.7)
17.7
(63.9)
20.2
(68.4)
19.6
(67.3)
16.1
(61.0)
11.7
(53.1)
7.1
(44.8)
3.3
(37.9)
10.7
(51.3)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 44.3
(1.74)
58.6
(2.31)
68.1
(2.68)
52.1
(2.05)
67.3
(2.65)
47.4
(1.87)
36.2
(1.43)
28.7
(1.13)
87.3
(3.44)
80.5
(3.17)
69.2
(2.72)
70.0
(2.76)
709.7
(27.94)
Average precipitation days 9.5 8.8 11.5 8.0 11.3 7.4 4.7 4.5 8.3 10.5 9.0 10.8 104.3
Average relative humidity (%) 71.1 74.8 68.3 64.4 63.3 59.1 54.8 55.4 65.0 72.6 74.4 69.1 66.1
Source: National Observatory of Athens[27]

Economy

[edit]

The wider area of Naoussa is famous for its wine production. The Naoussa red wine of the same name has received many awards in the country and abroad. It was one of the first wines in Greece to be released and bottled. The name of the special variety of this wine is xinomavro, which is a Designation of Origin of Superior Quality (D.O.P.A.), and with special characteristics and taste that are formed using the "blank de noir" method. The wider plain area of Naoussa produces high quality peaches, apples and cherries and they are available in domestic and international markets.

Architecture

[edit]
19th century factory which functions as a University Department
Old houses of Naoussa
The 1st Primary School of Naoussa, built in 1911
An old neighborhood in Naoussa

The hallmark of the city is the Clock Tower, commonly known as "Roloi", located in front of the Town Hall. It is a donation of the industrialist Georgios Anastasiou Kirtsis, it was built in 1895 with ashlar and is 25 meters high. It retains its original mechanism. There are thoughts of making it accessible for visitors, allowing views of the city.

A new trademark tends to be the Obelisk that is placed in the central square of the city, it was built in 2000 and completed in 2002. It is 11 meters high. The city has no old churches as they were all burned in the Holocaust of the city by the Turks in 1822. The exception is the small Church of the John the Baptist (Prodromou), which was miraculously saved. The oldest churches (Saint George and Panagia) date from the 19th century and are three-aisled basilicas. Even older churches destroyed in 1822 were replaced by later ones.

The traditional Macedonian-style buildings that exist in Naoussa usually occupy quite a large volume and are two-storey with an inner courtyard. They are made of tufa, adobe and wood. Unfortunately, few of them survive today. They are concentrated in various districts/neighborhoods of the city: While in "Pouliana" and "Batania" there are the largest, urban buildings, in "Alonia" the smaller folk houses dominate. Among the individual buildings worthy of mention are the "Galakeia" and "Sefertzio" schools and the "Lappio" Gymnasium which were named after the names of their donors.

The city is scattered with industrial buildings that were used during the 19th and 20th centuries mainly as extile factories. From the 1990s onwards, the factories gradually ceased to operate, as a result of the global crisis in the textile industry. Thus, empty trunks were left in the city to remind of its rich Industrial past. Already, several of these buildings have fallen to the Municipality, which is beginning to change their use, such as one that houses the Department of Technology Management of the University of Macedonia, while others are being turned into Museums and multi-cultural spaces.

Transport

[edit]

Naoussa is served by Naousa railway station on the Thessaloniki-Florina railway. Inaugurated in 1894, it connects the city with Thessaloniki and the rest of Northern Greece. Since 2009 it is served by the suburban services to Thessaloniki and Edessa.

Sights and Activities

[edit]
View from the Municipal Park
A lake in the Municipal Park
The small church of Agios Nikolaos in the homonymous grove
The ski center 3-5 Pigadia
Aristoteles School

Museums

[edit]
  • Historical and Folklore Museum: It has exhibits of the cultural heritage of Naoussa and the surrounding areas. Among the exhibits are local costumes of the town and the region, textiles, looms, weapons and jewelry. It is located at St. Dimitriou 10.
  • Wine and Vine Museum: It is located at 17 Hatzimalousi Street, in the house of Yiannis Boutaris, founder of the company of the same name. It is a traditional neoclassical building from 1908, which was also the first winery of the city. In the museum the visitor can learn about the history and the process of wine production in the area and about all the necessary objects related to wine.
  • Vlach Folklore Museum: It has exhibits from the life of Naoussa΄s Vlachs. Among other things one will see looms, flokates and uniforms. It is located at 23 Sofroniou Street.
  • Euxinos Pontian Club of Naoussa: Here the visitor will find a large library containing almost 1,000 books from the Library of Argyroupolis in the Black Sea Region which the refugees brought from there in 1923. Originally there were around 5,000, but many were destroyed by the collapse of the building where they were originally housed, others were distributed and others were stolen. An attempt is now being made to save the remaining books by copying them into modern electronic media, studying and preserving them.
  • Simanika Collection: This is a private collection of classical music donated to the Municipality. The collection includes many records, CDs, cassettes and videotapes.

Parks

[edit]

Naoussa is surrounded by a lot of greenery and has several parks. The municipal park, which was created in the 1950s, has an area of approximately 30 acres, is one of the most important inner-city parks in Greece, with a commanding view of the plain of Imathia, the landscaped flower garden and a lake of approximately 1.5 acres that hosts fish, ducks and swans. In 2021 the municipal park officially joined as a full member of the European Route of Historic Gardens of the Council of Europe (ERHG).[28] The most famous grove is that of Agios Nikolaos.

Agios Nikolaos

[edit]

At a distance of only three kilometers from the center of the city, the sources of the Arapitsa river are located among dense vegetation of plane trees. Arapitsa supplies water to the city and irrigates the fertile estates of the entire region. The local vegetation also includes wild native boxwood, linden and oak trees. The location provides organized sports areas such as volleyball, basketball, tennis, football courts as well as a state-of-the-art indoor swimming pool of Olympic dimensions. There are also guest services facilities with hotels and restaurants.

Ski resorts

[edit]

At a distance of 17 kilometers from the city, the ski centers of Seli and that of 3-5 Pigadia are located, which are two of the best known ski centers of Central Macedonia. In fact the Seli ski center is the first organized ski center in the country and is located in the village of Kato Vermio, one of the highest villages in Greece.[29] The ski center of 3-5 Pigadia is newer than that of Seli and belongs administratively to the Municipality of the Heroic City of Naoussa.[30] It is a modern ski center at an altitude of 1,430 - 2,005 meters with ski slopes of every difficulty degree and endurance roads. It is the first ski center to have an artificial snow system in Greece.

Sports

[edit]

Skiing club EOS Naousas is the oldest of the city's sporting clubs, having been founded in 1932. Naoussa also hosts the clubs Naoussa F.C., which played at First National Division of Greece for one year (season 1993–1994) and EGS Zafeirakis Naousas (Greek: Ε.Γ.Σ.Ζαφειράκης Νάουσας) that competes at volleyball, handball and basketball. The name refers to the Greek prokritos Zafeirakis Theodosiou (Greek: Ζαφειράκης Θεοδοσίου) (1772–1822).

Sport clubs based in Naoussa
Club Founded Sports Achievements
EOS Naousas 1932 Skiing 185 Greek champions, 13 athletes at Winter Olympic Games
Naoussa F.C. 1962 Football Earlier presence in A Ethniki
EGS Zafeirakis Naousas 1974 Volleyball, Handball, Basketball Earlier presence in A1 Ethniki Volleyball and Handball
Gimnastiki Enosi Naousas 2007 Track and field Athletes at Greek Championships and World Junior Championships
Naousa Swim Club 2015 Swimming

International relations

[edit]

Twin towns – sister cities

[edit]

Naousa, Imathia is twinned with:[31]

Notable people

[edit]
[edit]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b "Αποτελέσματα Απογραφής Πληθυσμού - Κατοικιών 2021, Μόνιμος Πληθυσμός κατά οικισμό" [Results of the 2021 Population - Housing Census, Permanent population by settlement] (in Greek). Hellenic Statistical Authority. 29 March 2024.
  2. ^ https://www.ijahss.com/Paper/06092021/1179451503.pdf
  3. ^ "Γενίτσαροι και Μπούλες, το έθιμο της αποκριάς στη Νάουσα".
  4. ^ "Municipality of the Heroic City of Naousa - Cultural Routes - www.coe.int".
  5. ^ Herodotus of Halicarnassus. The Histories. pp. VII–138.
  6. ^ Rhomiopoulou, Katerina (1997). Lefkadia-Ancient Mieza. Athens: Ministry of Culture. ISBN 960-214-161-1.
  7. ^ Koukouvou, Angeliki (2009). Mieza, city in Imathia.
  8. ^ Pouqueville, F.C.H.L. (1824). Histoire de la regeneration de la Grece :comprenant le precis des evenements depuis 1740 jusqu'en 1824. Paris: Firmin.
  9. ^ Leak, W.M. (1835). Travels in Northern Greece. London: J.Rodwel.
  10. ^ Nikolaides, B. (1869). Les Turcs et la Turquie contemporaine: Itinéraire et compte-rendu de voyages dans les provinces ottomanes avec cartes détaillées. Paris: F. Sartorius.
  11. ^ Στουγιαννάκης, Ε (1925). ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑ ΤΗΣ ΠΟΛΕΩΣ ΝΑΟΥΣΗΣ (ΑΠΟ ΤΗΣ ΙΔΡΥΣΕΩΣ ΜΕΧΡΙ ΤΗΣ ΚΑΤΑΣΤΡΟΦΗΣ ΤΟΥ 1822). Εδεσσα: Στουγιαννάκης.
  12. ^ Μπλιάτκας, Θ. (2009). Νάουσα, Νιάουστα (PDF). ISBN 978-960-93-3762-5.
  13. ^ John C. Vasdravellis, The Greek Struggle for Independence: The Macedonians in the Revolution of 1821 (1968), p. 123-24, 136
  14. ^ "Detailed census results 1991" (PDF). (39 MB) (in Greek and French)
  15. ^ "ΦΕΚ A 87/2010, Kallikratis reform law text" (in Greek). Government Gazette.
  16. ^ a b Population and Housing Census of March 18th, 2001 (Usual resident population) (PDF 39 MB). National Statistical Service of Greece. 2003.
  17. ^ http://dlib.statistics.gr/Book/GRESYE_02_0101_00016.pdf [bare URL PDF]
  18. ^ http://dlib.statistics.gr/Book/GRESYE_02_0101_00023.pdf [bare URL PDF]
  19. ^ a b http://dlib.statistics.gr/Book/GRESYE_02_0101_00025.pdf [bare URL PDF]
  20. ^ http://dlib.statistics.gr/Book/GRESYE_02_0101_00031.pdf [bare URL PDF]
  21. ^ http://dlib.statistics.gr/Book/GRESYE_02_0101_00039.pdf [bare URL PDF]
  22. ^ http://dlib.statistics.gr/Book/GRESYE_02_0101_00062.pdf.pdf[dead link]
  23. ^ http://dlib.statistics.gr/Book/GRESYE_01_0002_00060.pdf.pdf[dead link]
  24. ^ "Απογραφή Πληθυσμού - Κατοικιών 2011. ΜΟΝΙΜΟΣ Πληθυσμός" (in Greek). Hellenic Statistical Authority.
  25. ^ "Naoussa today". Archived from the original on 2017-08-17. Retrieved 2017-08-17.
  26. ^ http://www.naousa.gr/files/business-plan-2012-2014-phase-A.pdf [bare URL PDF]
  27. ^ "National Observatory of Athens". Meteo.gr. Retrieved 2020-11-13.
  28. ^ «Νάουσα: Στους «ιστορικούς κήπους» της Ευρώπης το δημοτικό πάρκο της πόλης». m.naftemporiki.gr. Ανακτήθηκε στις 20 Μαΐου 2021.
  29. ^ http://www.veria.gr/ [bare URL]
  30. ^ "Αρχειοθετημένο αντίγραφο". Archived from the original on 2012-03-09. Retrieved 2012-03-15.
  31. ^ "Twinnings" (PDF). Central Union of Municipalities & Communities of Greece. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-06-30. Retrieved 2015-01-05.
  32. ^ Zaliou-Basiakouli, Eugenia (2014). "Women and costumes of Naoussa, the end of an era". Macedonian Studies Journal. 1 (2). ISSN 2204-3128.
[edit]

Media related to Naousa (town) at Wikimedia Commons