2014–15 Olympique de Marseille season

Olympique de Marseille
2014–15 season
President	Vincent Labrune
Manager	Marcelo Bielsa
Stadium	Stade Vélodrome
Ligue 1	4th
Coupe de France	Round of 64
Coupe de la Ligue	Round of 32
Top goalscorer	League: André-Pierre Gignac (21); All: André-Pierre Gignac (23)
Highest home attendance	65,148 v Paris Saint-Germain - 05 April 2015
Lowest home attendance	39,497 v Nice - 29 August 2014
Average home league attendance	52,917
	← 2013–14 2015–16 →

The 2014–15 Olympique de Marseille season was the 65th professional season of the club since its creation in 1899 and 19th consecutive season in the top flight.

This was the first season in ten years that Marseille did not participate in the UEFA Champions League or UEFA Europa League, having finished sixth in the 2013–14 Ligue 1 season. The club was coached by legendary Argentine tactician Marcelo Bielsa, who signed a two-year contract in May 2014.

This was also the first season in which the side played at the renovated Stade Vélodrome, with the stadium having completed renovations which took place over the last three years. Capacity went up to 67,000 - from 48,000 last season, and 42,000 the season before. The stadium is rated five-star by UEFA, and was used ahead for the UEFA Euro 2016.

Players

French teams are limited to four players without EU citizenship. Hence, the squad list includes only the principal nationality of each player; several non-European players on the squad have dual citizenship with an EU country. Also, players from the ACP countries—countries in Africa, the Caribbean, and the Pacific that are signatories to the Cotonou Agreement—are not counted against non-EU quotas due to the Kolpak ruling.

Current squad

As of 15 July 2014^[update].^[1]

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules; some limited exceptions apply. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.


No.	Pos.	Nation	Player
2	DF	FRA	Baptiste Aloé
3	DF	CMR	Nicolas N'Koulou
4	DF	BRA	Dória
5	DF	FRA	Stéphane Sparagna
6	MF	SEN	Momar Bangoura
7	MF	FRA	Benoît Cheyrou
8	MF	FRA	Mario Lemina
9	FW	FRA	André-Pierre Gignac
10	MF	GHA	André Ayew
11	MF	FRA	Romain Alessandrini
14	MF	FRA	Florian Thauvin
15	DF	FRA	Jérémy Morel
16	GK	CGO	Brice Samba


No.	Pos.	Nation	Player
17	MF	FRA	Dimitri Payet
20	MF	TOG	Alaixys Romao
22	FW	BEL	Michy Batshuayi
23	DF	FRA	Benjamin Mendy
24	DF	FRA	Rod Fanni
25	MF	FRA	Gianelli Imbula
26	DF	CIV	Brice Dja Djédjé
27	MF	MAR	Abdelaziz Barrada
29	FW	FRA	Jérémie Porsan-Clemente
30	GK	FRA	Steve Mandanda (captain)
40	GK	FRA	Julien Fabri
--	DF	BRA	Alef
--	MF	FRA	Maxime Lopez

Coaching Staff

Manager	Marcelo Bielsa
Assistant Coaches	Diego Reyes, Pablo Quiroga, Javier Torrente, Diego Torrente, Ever Demalde
Goalkeeping Coach	Stephane Cassard
Physical coaches	Jan Van Winckel (head of strength and conditioning), Frederic Faure
Head Doctor	Christophe Baudot, Sylvain Blanchard
Physiotherapists	Alain Soultanian, Jérôme Palestri, Jean-Georges Cellier

Source: LFP.fr

Transfers

The club made their first transfer of the season in June when they signed Belgian striker Michy Batshuayi for a rumoured €8 million from Standard Liège. The club then signed Romain Alessandrini, the Marseille-born Rennes winger for €5 million a few days later.

So far, Larry Azouni has been transferred to Nîmes and Florian Raspentino has departed to Caen.

In

Date	Pos.	Player	Age	Moving from	Fee	Notes
23 June 2014	FW	Michy Batshuayi	20	Standard Liège	€8,000,000
25 June 2014	MF	Romain Alessandrini	25	Rennes	€5,000,000

Out

Date	Pos.	Player	Age	Moving to	Fee	Notes
10 July 2014	MF	Larry Azouni	20	Nîmes	Free
11 July 2014	MF	Florian Raspentino	25	Caen	Undisclosed

Competitions

Pre-season and friendlies

19 July 2014	Bayer Leverkusen	1–4	Marseille	Seekirchen am Wallersee, Austria
19:00 CEST	Yurchenko 79'	Report	Thauvin 34' Batshuayi 57' Amalfitano 78' Payet 80'	Stadium: Stadion Seekirchen

23 July 2014	Marseille	2–1	Benfica	Clermont-Ferrand, France
19:00 CEST	Gignac 21' Batshuayi 56'	Report	Gaitán 13'	Stadium: Stade Gabriel Montpied

27 July 2014	Marseille	5–0	Willem II	Albertville, France
19:00 CEST	Thauvin 21' Imbula 25' Batshuayi 54' 90' Cheyrou 81'	Report		Stadium: L'anneau de vitesse Attendance: 3,000

30 July 2014	Bari	1–1	Marseille	Bari, Italy
19:00 CEST	Sabelli 62'	Report	Batshuayi 82'	Stadium: Stadio San Nicola

2 August 2014	Marseille	3–1	Chievo	Le Pontet, France
20:00 CEST	Thauvin 17' N'Koulou 49' Gignac 73'	Report	Bentivoglio 46'	Stadium: Stade de Fargues

14 November 2014	Espanyol	2–1	Marseille	Barcelona, Spain
15:00 CEST	Caicedo 17' (pen.) Sánchez 83'	Report	Aloé 85'	Stadium: Estadi Cornellà-El Prat

Ligue 1

League table

Pos	Team v t e	Pld	W	D	L	GF	GA	GD	Pts	Qualification or relegation
2	Lyon	38	22	9	7	72	33	+39	75	Qualification for the Champions League group stage
3	Monaco	38	20	11	7	51	26	+25	71	Qualification for the Champions League third qualifying round
4	Marseille	38	21	6	11	76	42	+34	69	Qualification for the Europa League group stage
5	Saint-Étienne	38	19	12	7	51	30	+21	69	Qualification for the Europa League third qualifying round^[a]
6	Bordeaux	38	17	12	9	47	44	+3	63

Source: Ligue 1
Rules for classification: 1) points; 2) goal difference; 3) number of goals scored
Notes:

^ Since winners of the 2014–15 Coupe de la Ligue, Paris Saint-Germain, qualified for European competition based on their league position, the spot awarded to the Coupe de la Ligue winner (Europa League third qualifying round) is passed to the next best team in the table not already qualified for any European competition (in this case, the fifth-placed team).

Results summary


Overall								Home						Away
Pld	W	D	L	GF	GA	GD	Pts	W	D	L	GF	GA	GD	W	D	L	GF	GA	GD
38	21	6	11	76	42	+34	69	13	2	4	40	22	+18	8	4	7	36	20	+16

Last updated: 5 June 2015.
Source: Competitive matches

Results by round

Round	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31	32	33	34	35	36	37	38
Ground	A	H	A	H	A	H	A	H	A	H	A	H	A	H	H	A	H	A	H	A	H	A	H	A	H	A	H	A	H	A	H	A	A	H	A	H	A	H
Result	D	L	W	W	W	W	W	W	W	W	L	W	L	W	W	D	W	L	W	L	W	L	W	D	D	D	L	W	D	W	L	L	L	L	W	W	W	W
Position	8	15	10	4	2	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	2	2	2	2	2	2	3	3	3	3	3	3	4	4	5	4	4	4	4

Source: Ligue 1
A = Away; H = Home; W = Win; D = Draw; L = Loss

Matches

Win Draw Loss

9 August 2014 1	Bastia	3–3	Marseille	Bastia
21:00 CEST (UTC+02:00)	Maboulou 9', 73' Palmieri 19' Tallo 66' (pen.) Brandão 82' Ayité 87'	Report	Gignac 11', 62' Romaric 17' (o.g.) Mendy 64'	Stadium: Stade Armand Cesari Attendance: 15,537 Referee: Lionel Jaffredo

17 August 2014 2	Marseille	0–2	Montpellier	Marseille
17:00 CEST (UTC+02:00)	Dja Djédjé 58'	Report	Mounier 18' Sanson 68'	Stadium: Stade Vélodrome Attendance: 50,774 Referee: Clément Turpin

23 August 2014 3	Guingamp	0–1	Marseille	Guingamp
17:00 CEST (UTC+02:00)	Sorbon 90+2'	Report	Payet 29' Gignac 46', 70' Batshuayi 71'	Stadium: Stade du Roudourou Attendance: 16,901 Referee: Benoît Millot

29 August 2014 4	Marseille	4–0	Nice	Marseille
20:30 CEST (UTC+02:00)	Payet 19', 48' Thauvin 45' Ayew 78' Barrada 88'	Report	Amavi 31' Diawara 45'	Stadium: Stade Vélodrome Attendance: 39,497 Referee: Bartolomeu Varela

14 September 2014 5	Evian	1–3	Marseille	Annecy
21:00 CEST (UTC+02:00)	Mensah 23' N'Sikulu 90+1'	Report	Gignac 1' Mensah 44' (o.g.) Thauvin 63'	Stadium: Parc des Sports Attendance: 12,967 Referee: Amaury Delerue

20 September 2014 6	Marseille	3–0	Rennes	Marseille
17:00 CEST (UTC+02:00)	Gignac 50', 63' N'Koulou 65' Alessandrini 90+4'	Report	Armand 90+3'	Stadium: Stade Vélodrome Attendance: 46,153 Referee: Stéphane Lannoy

23 September 2014 7	Reims	0–5	Marseille	Reims
19:00 CEST (UTC+02:00)	Mavinga 7'	Report	Gignac 8', 20' Morel 11' Ayew 52', 59' Imbula 74'	Stadium: Stade Auguste Delaune Attendance: 17,705 Referee: Antony Gautier

28 September 2014 8	Marseille	2–1	Saint-Étienne	Marseille
21:00 CEST (UTC+02:00)	Imbula 7' Payet 28' N'Koulou 85'	Report	Mollo 51' Brison 53' Diomande 79'	Stadium: Stade Vélodrome Attendance: 55,367 Referee: Fredy Fautrel

4 October 2014 9	Caen	1–2	Marseille	Caen
17:00 CEST (UTC+02:00)	Musavu-King 84'	Report	Morel 37' Romao 74' Gignac 90+3'	Stadium: Stade Michel d'Ornano Attendance: 20,501 Referee: Benoît Millot

20 October 2014 10	Marseille	2–0	Toulouse	Marseille
14:00 CEST (UTC+02:00)	N'Koulou 20' Gignac 35' Romao 41' Ayew 89'	Report	Aguilar 40' Yago 41' Akpa Akpro 73'	Stadium: Stade Vélodrome Attendance: 61,846 Referee: Amaury Delerue

26 October 2014 11	Lyon	1–0	Marseille	Lyon
21:00 CEST (UTC+02:00)	Biševac 48' Gourcuff 65'	Report	Morel 8' Romao 21' Ayew 74'	Stadium: Stade de Gerland Attendance: 38,712 Referee: Lionel Jaffredo

2 November 2014 12	Marseille	2–1	Lens	Marseille
16:00 CET (UTC+01:00)	N'Koulou 11' Romao 23' 76' Thauvin 60' Mendy 72' Imbula 81'	Report	Guillaume 31' Valdivia 79'	Stadium: Stade Vélodrome Attendance: 52,803 Referee: Bartolomeu Varela

9 November 2014 13	Paris Saint-Germain	2–0	Marseille	Paris
21:00 CET (UTC+01:00)	Lucas 38' Cavani 85' Cabaye 90'	Report	Imbula 78'	Stadium: Parc des Princes Attendance: 45,961 Referee: Clément Turpin

23 November 2014 14	Marseille	3–1	Bordeaux	Marseille
21:00 CET (UTC+01:00)	Lemina 60' Gignac 85' Batshuayi 90'	Report	Touré 55' Yamberé 58'	Stadium: Stade Vélodrome Attendance: 54,323 Referee: Antony Gautier

28 November 2014 15	Marseille	2–0	Nantes	Marseille
20:30 CET (UTC+01:00)	Thauvin 24', 31' Fanni 39'	Report	Djilobodji 38' Gomis 45'	Stadium: Stade Vélodrome Attendance: 54,103 Referee: Ruddy Buquet

2 December 2014 16	Lorient	1–1	Marseille	Lorient
19:00 CET (UTC+01:00)	Ayew 37' (pen.)	Report	Payet 32' Mandanda 36'	Stadium: Stade du Moustoir Attendance: 16,011 Referee: Benoît Millot

7 December 2014 17	Marseille	3–1	Metz	Marseille
21:00 CET (UTC+01:00)	Gignac 43' Ayew 59' Payet 90+2'	Report	Malouda 46' N'Daw 87'	Stadium: Stade Vélodrome Attendance: 45,537 Referee: Wilfried Bien

14 December 2014 18	Monaco	1–0	Marseille	Fontvieille, Monaco
21:00 CET (UTC+01:00)	Moutinho 44' Silva 67' Raggi 86' Ocampos 90+4'	Report	Lemina 45+1' Mendy 74'	Stadium: Stade Louis II Attendance: 12,648 Referee: Tony Chapron

21 December 2014 19	Marseille	2–1	Lille	Marseille
14:00 CET (UTC+01:00)	Roux 32' (o.g.) Batshuayi 69' Romao 76'	Report	Gueye 61' Frey 63'	Stadium: Stade Vélodrome Attendance: 62,408 Referee: Alexandre Castro

9 January 2015 20	Montpellier	2–1	Marseille	Montpellier
20:30 CET (UTC+01:00)	Bérigaud 36' Lasne 62'	Report	Mendy 18' Omrani 68' 71' Thauvin 78'	Stadium: Stade de la Mosson Attendance: 20,840 Referee: Benoît Bastien

18 January 2015 21	Marseille	2–1	Guingamp	Marseille
21:00 CET (UTC+01:00)	Dja Djédjé 22' Morel 72' Lemina 85' Gignac 89' Fanni 90'	Report	Angoua 17' Beauvue 90+1' (pen.)	Stadium: Stade Vélodrome Attendance: 42,601 Referee: Wilfried Bien

24 January 2015 22	Nice	2–1	Marseille	Nice
20:30 CET (UTC+01:00)	Genevois 47' Gomis 51' 53' Pléa 53' Hult 73' Mendy 87' Bauthéac 89'	Report	Aloé 36' Imbula 59' Dja Djédjé 64' Thauvin 77'	Stadium: Allianz Riviera Attendance: 25,407 Referee: Antony Gautier

31 January 2015 23	Marseille	1–0	Evian	Marseille
16:30 CET (UTC+01:00)	Gignac 49'	Report	Koné 28' Fall 90+2'	Stadium: Stade Vélodrome Attendance: 46,579 Referee: Frank Schneider

7 February 2015 24	Rennes	1–1	Marseille	Rennes
16:00 CET (UTC+01:00)	Toivonen 27', 83' Pedro Henrique 39'	Report	Imbula 35' Ocampos 60' Morel 75' Payet 83' Lemina 83'	Stadium: Stade de la Route de Lorient Attendance: 25,322 Referee: Amaury Delerue

13 February 2015 25	Marseille	2–2	Reims	Marseille
20:30 CET (UTC+01:00)	Thauvin 31' Payet 58' Ayew 69'	Report	De Préville 6' Devaux 43' Mandi 69' Ngog 90'	Stadium: Stade Vélodrome Attendance: 43,653 Referee: Philippe Kalt

22 February 2015 26	Saint-Étienne	2–2	Marseille	Saint-Étienne
21:00 CET (UTC+01:00)	Gradel 54' (pen.) Erdinç 90+1' Mollo 90+2'	Report	Dja Djédjé 51' Ocampos 59' Batshuayi 64', 67' Aloé 65' Fanni 81'	Stadium: Stade Geoffroy-Guichard Attendance: 35,651 Referee: Clément Turpin

28 February 2015 27	Marseille	2–3	Caen	Marseille
20:30 CET (UTC+01:00)	Dja Djédjé 22' Ayew 45+3' Gignac 63'	Report	Yahia 2' Seube 67' Sala 70' Benezet 87'	Stadium: Stade Vélodrome Attendance: 44,614 Referee: Sébastien Desiage

6 March 2015 28	Toulouse	1–6	Marseille	Toulouse
20:30 CET (UTC+01:00)	Ben Yedder 77' Akpa Akpro 90+1'	Report	Batshuayi 2', 44' Aloé 6' Moubandje 20' (o.g.) Mandanda 35' Ayew 62', 78' Gignac 89'	Stadium: Stadium Municipal Attendance: 19,000 Referee: Tony Chapron

15 March 2015 29	Marseille	0–0	Lyon	Marseille
21:00 CET (UTC+01:00)	Gignac 37' Mendy 64' Payet 84' Morel 86' Imbula 88'	Report	Ferri 25' Rose 88' Malbranque 90'	Stadium: Stade Vélodrome Attendance: 62,832 Referee: Benoît Bastien

22 March 2015 30	Lens	0–4	Marseille	Saint-Denis
21:00 CET (UTC+01:00)	Valdivia 11' Gbamin 35' Lemoigne 66'	Report	Dja Djédjé 22' Batshuayi 46', 67', 90+3' Ayew 72' Imbula 90'	Stadium: Stade de France Attendance: 70,122 Referee: Fredy Fautrel

5 April 2015 31	Marseille	2–3	Paris Saint-Germain	Marseille
21:00 CEST (UTC+02:00)	Romao 9' Fanni 23' Gignac 30', 43' Ayew 54' 90+6'	Report	Matuidi 35' Pastore 45' Marquinhos 49' Morel 51' (o.g.) Verratti 65'	Stadium: Stade Vélodrome Attendance: 65,148 Referee: Ruddy Buquet

12 April 2015 32	Bordeaux	1–0	Marseille	Bordeaux
21:00 CEST (UTC+02:00)	Khazri 55' Plašil 56' Yamberé 61'	Report	Mendy 36'	Stadium: Stade Chaban-Delmas Attendance: 32,408 Referee: Bartolomeu Varela

18 April 2015 33	Nantes	1–0	Marseille	Nantes
20:30 CEST (UTC+02:00)	Gakpé 20' Gomis 41'	Report	Morel 71' N'Koulou 73' Ayew 89'	Stadium: Stade de la Beaujoire Attendance: 36,022 Referee: Stéphane Lannoy

25 April 2015 34	Marseille	3–5	Lorient	Marseille
20:30 CEST (UTC+02:00)	Romao 41' A. Ayew 59' Morel 67' Batshuayi 76'	Report	J. Ayew 9', 84', 87' Bellugou 14' N'Dong 51' Mostefa 62' Philippoteaux 68' Abdullah 75' Gassama 90+3'	Stadium: Stade Vélodrome Attendance: 55,180 Referee: Saïd Ennjimi

1 May 2015 35	Metz	0–2	Marseille	Metz
20:30 CEST (UTC+02:00)	Malouda 40'	Report	Gignac 38', 62', 56' Lemina 52' Ayew 57'	Stadium: Stade Saint-Symphorien Attendance: 23,190 Referee: Benoît Millot

10 May 2015 36	Marseille	2–1	Monaco	Marseille
21:00 CEST (UTC+02:00)	N'Koulou 28' Romao 74' Ayew 79' Mendy 74' Alessandrini 87'	Report	Moutinho 1' Carvalho 70' Raggi 72'	Stadium: Stade Vélodrome Attendance: 62,471 Referee: Clément Turpin

16 May 2015 37	Lille	0–4	Marseille	Villeneuve d'Ascq
21:00 CEST (UTC+02:00)	Balmont 28' Corchia 39'	Report	Gignac 2' Fanni 26' Imbula 37' Alessandrini 68' 70' Ayew 76' Mendy 81'	Stadium: Stade Pierre-Mauroy Attendance: 44,286 Referee: Tony Chapron

23 May 2015 38	Marseille	3–0	Bastia	Marseille
21:00 CEST (UTC+02:00)	Payet 14' Djiku 39' (o.g.) N'Koulou 76' Ocampos 89'	Report	Diakité 34'	Stadium: Stade Vélodrome Attendance: 59,533 Referee: Ruddy Buquet

Coupe de France

4 January 2015 Round of 64	Grenoble	3–3 (a.e.t.) (5–4 p)	Marseille	Grenoble
20:45 CET ((+01:00))	Nasrallah 10' Hachi 48' Bengriba 120'	Report	Gignac 6', 33' Ayew 98'	Stadium: Stade des Alpes
	Penalties
	Giraudon Joufreau Akrour Tchenkoua Nasrallah		Ayew Batshuayi Payet Imbula Thauvin

Coupe de la Ligue

28 October 2014 Round of 32	Rennes	2–1	Marseille	Rennes
20:55 CEST (UTC+02:00)	Konradsen 60' N'Koulou 43' Barrada 48' Ntep 63' Habibou 72' Hosiner 90+3'	Report	Batshuayi 19' Dja Djédjé 63'	Stadium: Stade de la Route de Lorient Attendance: 26,660 Referee: Saïd Ennjimi

Statistics

Appearances and goals

No.	Pos	Nat	Player	Total		Ligue 1		Coupe de France		Coupe de la Ligue
No.	Pos	Nat	Player	Apps	Goals	Apps	Goals	Apps	Goals	Apps	Goals
Goalkeepers
16	GK	CGO	Brice Samba	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
30	GK	FRA	Steve Mandanda	38	0	38	0	0	0	0	0
Defenders
2	DF	FRA	Baptiste Aloé	14	1	4+10	1	0	0	0	0
3	DF	CMR	Nicolas N'Koulou	24	2	23+1	2	0	0	0	0
5	DF	FRA	Stéphane Sparagna	4	0	1+3	0	0	0	0	0
12	DF	FRA	Gaël Andonian	1	0	0+1	0	0	0	0	0
15	DF	FRA	Jérémy Morel	31	1	30+1	1	0	0	0	0
18	DF	NZL	Bill Tuiloma	2	0	0+2	0	0	0	0	0
23	DF	FRA	Benjamin Mendy	33	0	33	0	0	0	0	0
24	DF	FRA	Rod Fanni	27	2	24+3	2	0	0	0	0
26	DF	CIV	Brice Dja Djédjé	33	0	33	0	0	0	0	0
Midfielders
6	MF	SEN	Momar Bangoura	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
7	MF	ARG	Lucas Ocampos	14	2	3+11	2	0	0	0	0
8	MF	FRA	Mario Lemina	23	2	13+10	2	0	0	0	0
10	MF	GHA	André Ayew	28	10	27+1	10	0	0	0	0
11	MF	FRA	Romain Alessandrini	26	3	13+13	3	0	0	0	0
14	MF	FRA	Florian Thauvin	36	5	32+4	5	0	0	0	0
17	MF	FRA	Dimitri Payet	36	7	35+1	7	0	0	0	0
20	MF	TOG	Alaixys Romao	32	2	27+5	2	0	0	0	0
25	MF	FRA	Giannelli Imbula	37	2	37	2	0	0	0	0
27	MF	MAR	Abdelaziz Barrada	9	1	3+6	1	0	0	0	0
33	MF	FRA	Bilal Boutobba	3	0	0+3	0	0	0	0	0
Forwards
9	FW	FRA	André-Pierre Gignac	38	21	36+2	21	0	0	0	0
19	FW	FRA	Billel Omrani	4	1	0+4	1	0	0	0	0
22	FW	BEL	Michy Batshuayi	26	9	6+20	9	0	0	0	0
29	FW	FRA	Jérémie Porsan-Clémenté	1	0	0+1	0	0	0	0	0
Players transferred out during the season
4	DF	BRA	Dória	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
7	MF	FRA	Benoît Cheyrou	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

Last updated: 30 May 2015
Source: BDFutbol

References

^ "Effectif et staff – saison 2014/2015". OM.net. 19 July 2014. Archived from the original on 21 August 2006. Retrieved 19 July 2014.

[table_note_res_EL3Q0.99804463423697-2] Since winners of the 2014–15 Coupe de la Ligue, Paris Saint-Germain, qualified for European competition based on their league position, the spot awarded to the Coupe de la Ligue winner (Europa League third qualifying round) is passed to the next best team in the table not already qualified for any European competition (in this case, the fifth-placed team).

[1] "Effectif et staff – saison 2014/2015". OM.net. 19 July 2014. Archived from the original on 21 August 2006. Retrieved 19 July 2014.

[1]

[a]