Urial: Difference between revisions

Urial
	Bukhara Urial (Ovis vignei bochariensis) at Nordens Ark, Sweden
Conservation status
	; Vulnerable (IUCN 3.1)
	CITES Appendix I (CITES)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Artiodactyla
Family:	Bovidae
Subfamily:	Caprinae
Tribe:	Caprini
Genus:	Ovis
Species:	O. vignei
Binomial name
	Ovis vignei; (Blyth, 1841)
Synonyms
	Ovis orientalis vignei

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The urial (/ˈʊəriəl/ OOR-ee-əl; Ovis vignei), also known as the arkars or shapo, is a wild sheep native to Central and South Asia. It is listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List.^[1]

Characteristics

Urial males have large horns, curling outwards from the top of the head turning in to end somewhere behind the head; females have shorter, compressed horns. The horns of the males are up to 100 cm (39 in) long. The shoulder height of an adult male urial is between 80 and 90 cm (31 and 35 in).^{[citation needed]}

Distribution and habitat

The urial is native to montane areas in the Pamir Mountains, Hindu Kush and Himalayas up to an elevation of 4,500 m (14,800 ft); it is distributed from northeastern Iran, Afghanistan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan and southwestern Kazakhstan to northern Pakistan and Ladakh in northwestern India. It prefers grassland, open woodland and gentle slopes, but also inhabits cold arid zones with little vegetation.^[1]

Behaviour and ecology

The mating season begins in September. Rams select four or five ewes, which give birth to a lamb after a gestation of five months.^{[citation needed]}

Taxonomy

Ovis vignei was the scientific name proposed by Edward Blyth in 1841 for wild sheep in the Sulaiman Mountains.^[2] The specific name honours Godfrey Vigne (1801–1863).^[3]

The vignei subspecies group consists of six individual subspecies:

Afghan urial or Turkmenian sheep (Ovis vignei cycloceros): southern Turkmenistan, eastern Iran, Afghanistan, north Balochistan Pakistan^[4]
Transcaspian urial (Ovis vignei arkal): Ustjurt-Plateau (Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, northern Iran) and western Kazakhstan
Blanford's urial or Baluchistan urial (Ovis vignei blanfordi): Balochistan (Pakistan) are often included in this subspecies
Bukhara urial (Ovis vignei bochariensis): Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, mountains around Amu Darya
Punjab urial (Ovis vignei punjabiensis): the provincial animal of the Punjab (Pakistan)
Ladakh urial (Ovis vignei vignei): Ladakh and northern Pakistan, Kashmir, males have curly horns but the females have flat horns

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References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Michel, S & Ghoddousi, A. (2021) [errata version of 2020 assessment]. "Ovis vignei". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T54940655A195296049. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T54940655A195296049.en. Retrieved 16 January 2022.
^ ^a ^b Blyth, E. (1841). "An Amended List of the Species of the Genus Ovis". The Annals and Magazine of Natural History; Zoology, Botany, and Geology. 7 (44): 248–261.
^ Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (November 18, 2009). The Eponym Dictionary of Mammals. JHU Press. ISBN 9780801895333 – via Google Books.
^ "Green Pioneers - Chapter 13". Archived from the original on 2008-07-03. Retrieved 2009-03-15.

Nowak R. M.: Walker's Mammals of the World, Sixth Edition. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, London, 1999.
Namgail, T., van Wieren, S.E., Mishra, C. & Prins, H.H.T. (2010). Multi-spatial co-distribution of the endangered Ladakh urial and blue sheep in the arid Trans-Himalayan Mountains. Journal of Arid Environments, 74:1162-1169.
Lingen, H.: Großes Lexikon der Tiere. Lingen Verlag, Köln.
Prater, S. H.: The Book of Indian Animals, Oxford University Press, 1971.
Menon, V.: A Field Guide to Indian Mammals, Dorling Kindersley, India, 2003
CITES Instruktion für den grenztierärztlichen Dienst
Proposal about subspecies of Urial
Yahya M. Musakhel et al. 2006: Identification of Biodiversity Hot Spots in Musakhel District balochistan Pakistan.

External links

Images of asiatic wild sheep subspecies

[iucn-1] Michel, S & Ghoddousi, A. (2021) [errata version of 2020 assessment]. "Ovis vignei". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T54940655A195296049. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T54940655A195296049.en. Retrieved 16 January 2022.

[Blyth1841-2] Blyth, E. (1841). "An Amended List of the Species of the Genus Ovis". The Annals and Magazine of Natural History; Zoology, Botany, and Geology. 7 (44): 248–261.

[3] Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (November 18, 2009). The Eponym Dictionary of Mammals. JHU Press. ISBN 9780801895333 – via Google Books.

[4] "Green Pioneers - Chapter 13". Archived from the original on 2008-07-03. Retrieved 2009-03-15.

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 The ''vignei'' subspecies group consists of six individual subspecies:
 *'''Afghan urial''' or '''Turkmenian sheep''' (''[[Ustyurt Mountain sheep|Ovis vignei cycloceros]]''): southern [[Turkmenistan]], eastern [[Iran]], [[Afghanistan]], north Balochistan [[Pakistan]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.un.org.pk/undp/sgp/green-pioneers/chap-13.htm |title=Green Pioneers - Chapter 13 |access-date=2009-03-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080703204340/http://www.un.org.pk/undp/sgp/green-pioneers/chap-13.htm |archive-date=2008-07-03 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
-*'''Transcaspian urial''' (''[[Ovis vignei arkal]]''): Ustjurt-Plateau ([[Turkmenistan]], [[Uzbekistan]], northern [[Iran]]) and western [[Kazakhstan]]
+*'''Transcaspian urial''' (''Ovis vignei arkal''): Ustjurt-Plateau ([[Turkmenistan]], [[Uzbekistan]], northern [[Iran]]) and western [[Kazakhstan]]
-*'''Blanford's urial''' or '''Baluchistan urial''' (''[[Ovis vignei blanfordi]]''): [[Balochistan (region)|Balochistan (Pakistan)]] are often included in this subspecies
+*'''Blanford's urial''' or '''Baluchistan urial''' (''Ovis vignei blanfordi''): [[Balochistan (region)|Balochistan (Pakistan)]] are often included in this subspecies
-*'''Bukhara urial''' (''[[Ovis vignei bochariensis]]''): [[Uzbekistan]], [[Tajikistan]], [[Turkmenistan]], mountains around [[Amu Darya]]
+*'''Bukhara urial''' (''Ovis vignei bochariensis''): [[Uzbekistan]], [[Tajikistan]], [[Turkmenistan]], mountains around [[Amu Darya]]
-*'''Punjab urial''' (''[[Ovis vignei punjabiensis]]''): the provincial animal of the [[Punjab (Pakistan)]]
+*'''Punjab urial''' (''Ovis vignei punjabiensis''): the provincial animal of the [[Punjab (Pakistan)]]
 *'''Ladakh urial''' (''[[Ovis vignei vignei]]''): [[Ladakh]] and northern [[Pakistan]], [[Kashmir]], males have curly horns but the females have flat horns
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