Urial: Difference between revisions

Urial
	Bukhara urial (Ovis vignei bochariensis) at Nordens Ark, Sweden
Conservation status
	; Vulnerable (IUCN 3.1)
	CITES Appendix I (CITES)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Artiodactyla
Family:	Bovidae
Subfamily:	Caprinae
Tribe:	Caprini
Genus:	Ovis
Species:	O. vignei
Binomial name
	Ovis vignei; (Blyth, 1841)
	The range of Urial
Synonyms
	Ovis orientalis vignei

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The urial (/ˈʊəriəl/ OOR-ee-əl; Ovis vignei), also known as arkars, shapo, or shapu, is a wild sheep native to Central and South Asia. It is listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List.^[1]

Taxonomy

Ovis vignei was the scientific name proposed by Edward Blyth in 1841 for wild sheep in the Sulaiman Mountains.^[2] The specific name honours Godfrey Vigne (1801–1863).^[3]

The vignei subspecies group consists of six individual subspecies:

Ladakh urial (Ovis vignei vignei): India (Ladakh), northern Pakistan, Kashmir
Transcaspian urial (Ovis vignei arkal): Ustjurt-Plateau (Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, northern Iran) and western Kazakhstan
Blanford's urial or Baluchistan urial (Ovis vignei blanfordi): Pakistan (Balochistan)
Bukhara urial (Ovis vignei bochariensis): Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Afghanistan

Afghan urial or Turkmenian sheep (Ovis vignei cycloceros): southern Turkmenistan, eastern Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan (north Balochistan)^[4]
Punjab urial (Ovis vignei punjabiensis): provincial animal of Punjab, Pakistan^[5]

Characteristics

Urial males have large horns, curling outwards from the top of the head turning in to end somewhere behind the head; females have shorter, compressed horns. The horns of the males are up to 100 cm (39 in) long. The shoulder height of an adult male urial is between 80 and 90 cm (31 and 35 in).^{[citation needed]}

Distribution and habitat

The urial is native to montane areas in the Pamir Mountains, Hindu Kush and Himalayas up to an elevation of 4,500 m (14,800 ft). It is distributed from northeastern Iran, Afghanistan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan and southwestern Kazakhstan to northern Pakistan and Ladakh in northwestern India. It prefers grassland, open woodland and gentle slopes, but also inhabits cold arid zones with little vegetation.^[1]

Behaviour and ecology

The mating season begins in September. Rams select four or five ewes, which give birth to a lamb after a gestation of five months.^{[citation needed]}

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Michel, S & Ghoddousi, A. (2021) [errata version of 2020 assessment]. "Ovis vignei". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T54940655A195296049. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T54940655A195296049.en. Retrieved 16 January 2022.
^ ^a ^b Blyth, E. (1841). "An Amended List of the Species of the Genus Ovis". The Annals and Magazine of Natural History; Zoology, Botany, and Geology. 7 (44): 248–261.
^ Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (November 18, 2009). The Eponym Dictionary of Mammals. JHU Press. ISBN 9780801895333 – via Google Books.
^ "Green Pioneers - Chapter 13". Archived from the original on 2008-07-03. Retrieved 2009-03-15.
^ Kobilinsky, Dana (2023-07-26). "JWM: Connectivity could aid Pakistan's struggling wild sheep". The Wildlife Society. Retrieved 2023-07-31.

Nowak R. M.: Walker's Mammals of the World, Sixth Edition. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, London, 1999.
Namgail, T., van Wieren, S.E., Mishra, C. & Prins, H.H.T. (2010). Multi-spatial co-distribution of the endangered Ladakh urial and blue sheep in the arid Trans-Himalayan Mountains. Journal of Arid Environments, 74:1162-1169.
Lingen, H.: Großes Lexikon der Tiere. Lingen Verlag, Köln.
Prater, S. H.: The Book of Indian Animals, Oxford University Press, 1971.
Menon, V.: A Field Guide to Indian Mammals, Dorling Kindersley, India, 2003
CITES Instruktion für den grenztierärztlichen Dienst
Proposal about subspecies of Urial
Yahya M. Musakhel et al. 2006: Identification of Biodiversity Hot Spots in Musakhel District balochistan Pakistan.

External links

Images of asiatic wild sheep subspecies

[iucn-1] Michel, S & Ghoddousi, A. (2021) [errata version of 2020 assessment]. "Ovis vignei". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T54940655A195296049. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T54940655A195296049.en. Retrieved 16 January 2022.

[Blyth1841-2] Blyth, E. (1841). "An Amended List of the Species of the Genus Ovis". The Annals and Magazine of Natural History; Zoology, Botany, and Geology. 7 (44): 248–261.

[3] Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (November 18, 2009). The Eponym Dictionary of Mammals. JHU Press. ISBN 9780801895333 – via Google Books.

[4] "Green Pioneers - Chapter 13". Archived from the original on 2008-07-03. Retrieved 2009-03-15.

[5] Kobilinsky, Dana (2023-07-26). "JWM: Connectivity could aid Pakistan's struggling wild sheep". The Wildlife Society. Retrieved 2023-07-31.

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[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Species of mammal}}
-{{about|the sheep|other uses of the term|Uriel (disambiguation)}}
+{{About|the sheep|other uses of the term|Uriel (disambiguation)}}
 {{Speciesbox
 | name = Urial
 | image = Ovis vignei bochariensis.jpg
-| image_caption = Bukhara Urial (''Ovis vignei bochariensis'') at [[Nordens Ark]], Sweden
+| image_caption = Bukhara urial (''Ovis vignei bochariensis'') at [[Nordens Ark]], Sweden
 | status = VU
 | status_system = IUCN3.1
-| status_ref = <ref name=iucn>{{Cite iucn |title=''Ovis vignei'' | author=Michel, S. & Ghoddousi, A. | date=2020 |page=e.T54940655A54940728 | access-date =4 October 2020}}</ref>
+| status_ref = <ref name=iucn>{{Cite iucn |title=''Ovis vignei'' |name-list-style=amp |errata=2021 |author1=Michel, S |author2=Ghoddousi, A. |date=2020 |page=e.T54940655A195296049 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T54940655A195296049.en |access-date=16 January 2022}}</ref>
+| status2 = CITES_A1
+| status2_system = CITES
+| status2_ref = <ref name=iucn/>
 | genus = Ovis
 | species = vignei
-| authority = ([[Edward Blyth|Blyth]], 1841)<ref name=Blyth1841>{{cite journal |author=Blyth, E. |year=1841 |title=An Amended List of the Species of the Genus ''Ovis'' |journal=The Annals and Magazine of natural history; zoology, botany, and geology |volume=7 |issue=44 |pages=248–261 |url=https://archive.org/details/annalsmagazineof07lond/page/248/mode/2up}}</ref>
+| authority = ([[Edward Blyth|Blyth]], 1841)<ref name=Blyth1841>{{cite journal |author=Blyth, E. |year=1841 |title=An Amended List of the Species of the Genus ''Ovis'' |journal=The Annals and Magazine of Natural History; Zoology, Botany, and Geology |volume=7 |issue=44 |pages=248–261 |url=https://archive.org/details/annalsmagazineof07lond/page/248/mode/2up}}</ref>
+| synonyms = ''Ovis orientalis vignei''
+| range_map = Urial-map.png
+| range_map_caption = The range of Urial
 }}
-The '''urial''' (''Ovis vignei'') is a wild sheep native to the Middle East. It is listed as [[Vulnerable species|Vulnerable]] on the [[IUCN Red List]].<ref name=iucn/>
+The '''urial''' ({{IPAc-en|"|U@r|i|@|l}} {{respell|OOR|ee|əl}}; '''''Ovis vignei'''''), also known as '''arkars''', '''shapo''', or '''shapu''', is a wild [[Ovis|sheep]] native to [[Central Asia|Central]] and [[South Asia]]. It is listed as [[Vulnerable species|Vulnerable]] on the [[IUCN Red List]].<ref name=iucn/>
+== Taxonomy==
-== Physical characteristics ==
+''Ovis vignei'' was the [[scientific name]] proposed by [[Edward Blyth]] in 1841 for wild sheep in the [[Sulaiman Mountains]].<ref name="Blyth1841" /> The specific name honours [[Godfrey Vigne]] (1801–1863).<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Beolens |first1=Bo |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I-kSmWLc6vYC&dq=ovis+vignei+vigne&pg=PA431 |title=The Eponym Dictionary of Mammals |last2=Watkins |first2=Michael |last3=Grayson |first3=Michael |date=November 18, 2009 |publisher=JHU Press |isbn=9780801895333 |via=Google Books}}</ref>
-Urial males have large horns, curling outwards from the top of the head turning in to end somewhere behind the head; females have shorter, compressed horns. The horns of the males may be up to {{Convert|100|cm|in|sigfig=2|abbr=on}} long. The [[shoulder]] height of an adult male urial is between {{Convert|80|and|90|cm|in|sigfig=2|abbr=on}}.
+The ''vignei'' subspecies group consists of six individual subspecies:
-== Distribution ==
-The urial is found in western central [[Asia]] from northeastern [[Iran]] and western [[Kazakhstan]] to [[Pakistan]]'s [[Balochistan (region)|Balochistan]] and [[Chitral]], and in [[Ladakh]], [[India]]. To the east it is replaced by the bigger [[argali]] and to the southwest by the [[Asiatic mouflon]]. Its habitat consists of [[grass]]y slopes below the [[tree line|timberline]]. Urials rarely move to the rocky areas of the mountains. For example, in northern Iran they produce hybrids with Asiatic mouflon under natural conditions. Urials feed mainly on grass but are able to eat leaves of trees and bushes if needed.
+* '''Ladakh urial''' (''Ovis vignei vignei''): [[India]] ([[Ladakh]]), northern Pakistan, [[Kashmir]]
-The [[conservation status]] of the urial is threatened as their habitat is perfectly suitable for [[human]] development; however the urial [[population]] has been recovering in recent years.
+* '''Transcaspian urial''' (''Ovis vignei arkal''): Ustjurt-Plateau (Turkmenistan, [[Uzbekistan]], northern Iran) and western [[Kazakhstan]]
+*'''Blanford's urial''' or '''Baluchistan urial''' (''Ovis vignei blanfordi''): Pakistan (Balochistan)
+*'''Bukhara urial''' (''Ovis vignei bochariensis''): Uzbekistan, [[Tajikistan]], Turkmenistan, Afghanistan
+*'''Afghan urial''' or '''Turkmenian sheep''' (''[[Ustyurt Mountain sheep|Ovis vignei cycloceros]]''): southern [[Turkmenistan]], eastern [[Iran]], [[Afghanistan]], [[Pakistan]] (north [[Balochistan]])<ref>{{Cite web |title=Green Pioneers - Chapter 13 |url=http://www.un.org.pk/undp/sgp/green-pioneers/chap-13.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080703204340/http://www.un.org.pk/undp/sgp/green-pioneers/chap-13.htm |archive-date=2008-07-03 |access-date=2009-03-15}}</ref>
-The Afghan urial is found in Musakhel district in Surghar and Torghar. A 2005-2006 survey by WWF Pakistan found 145 urials in Surghar, Srakhowa District Musakhe. Yahay Musakhel ''et al.'' 2006)
+*'''Punjab urial''' (''Ovis vignei punjabiensis''):  provincial animal of [[Punjab, Pakistan]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kobilinsky |first=Dana |date=2023-07-26 |title=JWM: Connectivity could aid Pakistan's struggling wild sheep |url=https://wildlife.org/jwm-connectivity-could-aid-pakistans-struggling-wild-sheep/ |access-date=2023-07-31 |website=The Wildlife Society |language=en-US}}</ref>
-== Behaviour ==
+== Characteristics ==
+[[File:Ovis ammon vignei arkal Pretoria 3bis.jpg|thumb|Transcaspian arkals (''O. v. arkal'') at [[Pretoria Zoo]]]]
-The [[mating]] season begins in September. Rams (which live separately at other times) select four or five ewes, which will each give birth to a lamb after a [[gestation]] of five months.
+Urial males have large horns, curling outwards from the top of the head turning in to end somewhere behind the head; females have shorter, compressed horns. The horns of the males are up to {{Convert|100|cm|in|sigfig=2|abbr=on}} long. The [[shoulder]] height of an adult male urial is between {{Convert|80|and|90|cm|in|sigfig=2|abbr=on}}.{{citation needed|date=October 2020}}
+== Distribution and habitat==
-They are preyed on by the [[Himalayan wolf]]. <ref>https://cdn.downtoearth.org.in/library/0.69048700_1565775720_dietary-spectrum-in-himalayan-wolves.pdf</ref>
+The urial is native to montane areas in the [[Pamir Mountains]], [[Hindu Kush]] and [[Himalayas]] up to an elevation of {{convert|4500|m|abbr=on}}. It is distributed from northeastern Iran, Afghanistan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan and southwestern Kazakhstan to northern Pakistan and Ladakh in northwestern India. It prefers [[grassland]], open woodland and gentle slopes, but also inhabits cold arid zones with little vegetation.<ref name=iucn/>
+== Behaviour and ecology ==
-== Taxonomy==
+The [[mating]] season begins in September. Rams select four or five ewes, which give birth to a lamb after a [[gestation]] of five months.{{citation needed|date=October 2020}}
-[[File:Ovis ammon vignei arkal Pretoria 3bis.jpg|thumbnail|Transcaspian arkals (''O. v. arkal'') at [[Pretoria Zoo]]]]
-* ''Ovis vignei'' was the [[scientific name]] proposed by [[Edward Blyth]] in 1841 for wild sheep in the [[Sulaiman Mountains]].<ref name=Blyth1841/>
-<!-- The ''vignei'' subspecies group consists of six individual subspecies:
-*'''Afghan urial''' or '''Turkmenian sheep''' (''[[Ustyurt Mountain sheep|Ovis vignei cycloceros]]''): southern [[Turkmenistan]], eastern [[Iran]], [[Afghanistan]], north Balochistan [[Pakistan]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.un.org.pk/undp/sgp/green-pioneers/chap-13.htm |title=Archived copy |access-date=2009-03-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080703204340/http://www.un.org.pk/undp/sgp/green-pioneers/chap-13.htm |archive-date=2008-07-03 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
-*'''Transcaspian urial''' (''[[Ovis vignei arkal]]''): Ustjurt-Plateau ([[Turkmenistan]], [[Uzbekistan]], northern [[Iran]]) and western [[Kazakhstan]]
-*'''Blanford urial''' or '''Balochistan urial''' (''[[Ovis vignei blanfordi]]''): [[Balochistan (region)|Balochistan (Pakistan)]] are often included in this subspecies
-*'''Bukhara urial''' (''[[Ovis vignei bochariensis]]''): [[Uzbekistan]], [[Tajikistan]], [[Turkmenistan]], mountains around [[Amu Darya]]
-*'''Punjab urial''' (''[[Ovis vignei punjabiensis]]''): the provincial animal of the [[Punjab (Pakistan)]]
-*'''Ladakh urial''' (''[[Ovis vignei vignei]]''): [[Ladakh]] and northern [[Pakistan]], [[Kashmir]], males have curly horns but the females have flat horns
- -->
 ==References==
@@ Line 49: / Line 52: @@
 * Menon, V.: A Field Guide to Indian Mammals, [[Dorling Kindersley]], India, 2003
 * CITES Instruktion für den grenztierärztlichen Dienst
-* [http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:E5T4z2XUAiEJ:www.cites.org/eng/cop/11/prop/30.pdf Proposal about subspecies of Urial]
+* [https://web.archive.org/web/20030622212313/http://www.cites.org/eng/cop/11/prop/30.pdf Proposal about subspecies of Urial]
 * Yahya M. Musakhel ''et al.'' 2006: Identification of Biodiversity Hot Spots in Musakhel District balochistan Pakistan.
 ==External links==
+{{Commons category|Ovis vignei}}
 * [http://www.wildsheep.org/sheep/international.htm Images of asiatic wild sheep subspecies]
 {{Artiodactyla|R.3}}
 {{Taxonbar|from=Q839513}}
+{{Authority control}}
 [[Category:Ovis]]
@@ Line 63: / Line 69: @@
 [[Category:Fauna of Iran]]
 [[Category:Fauna of Ladakh]]
-[[Category:Fauna of India]]
 [[Category:Mammals of Central Asia]]
 [[Category:Mammals described in 1841]]
-[[Category:Subspecies]]
 [[Category:Taxa named by Edward Blyth]]