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| name = Urial
| name = Urial
| image = Ovis vignei bochariensis.jpg
| image = Ovis vignei bochariensis.jpg
| image_caption = Bukhara Urial (''Ovis vignei bochariensis'') at [[Nordens Ark]], Sweden
| image_caption = Bukhara urial (''Ovis vignei bochariensis'') at [[Nordens Ark]], Sweden
| status = VU
| status = VU
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref name=iucn>{{Cite iucn |title=''Ovis vignei'' |name-list-style=amp |errata=2021 |author1=Michel, S |author2=Ghoddousi, A. |date=2020 |page=e.T54940655A195296049 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T54940655A195296049.en |access-date=16 January 2022}}</ref>
| status_ref = <ref name=iucn>{{Cite iucn |title=''Ovis vignei'' |name-list-style=amp |errata=2021 |author1=Michel, S |author2=Ghoddousi, A. |date=2020 |page=e.T54940655A195296049 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T54940655A195296049.en |access-date=16 January 2022}}</ref>
| status2 = CITES_A1
| status2 = CITES_A1
| status2_system = CITES
| status2_system = CITES
| status2_ref = <ref name=iucn/>
| status2_ref = <ref name=iucn/>
| genus = Ovis
| genus = Ovis
| species = vignei
| species = vignei
| authority = ([[Edward Blyth|Blyth]], 1841)<ref name=Blyth1841>{{cite journal |author=Blyth, E. |year=1841 |title=An Amended List of the Species of the Genus ''Ovis'' |journal=The Annals and Magazine of Natural History; Zoology, Botany, and Geology |volume=7 |issue=44 |pages=248–261 |url=https://archive.org/details/annalsmagazineof07lond/page/248/mode/2up}}</ref>
| authority = ([[Edward Blyth|Blyth]], 1841)<ref name=Blyth1841>{{cite journal |author=Blyth, E. |year=1841 |title=An Amended List of the Species of the Genus ''Ovis'' |journal=The Annals and Magazine of Natural History; Zoology, Botany, and Geology |volume=7 |issue=44 |pages=248–261 |url=https://archive.org/details/annalsmagazineof07lond/page/248/mode/2up}}</ref>
| synonyms =
| synonyms = ''Ovis orientalis vignei''
| range_map = Urial-map.png
''Ovis orientalis vignei''
| range_map_caption = The range of Urial
}}
}}


The '''urial''' ({{IPAc-en|"|U@r|i|@|l}} {{respell|OOR|ee|əl}}; '''''Ovis vignei'''''), also known as the '''arkars''' or '''shapo''', is a wild sheep native to [[Central Asia|Central]] and [[South Asia]]. It is listed as [[Vulnerable species|Vulnerable]] on the [[IUCN Red List]].<ref name=iucn/>
The '''urial''' ({{IPAc-en|"|U@r|i|@|l}} {{respell|OOR|ee|əl}}; '''''Ovis vignei'''''), also known as '''arkars''', '''shapo''', or '''shapu''', is a wild [[Ovis|sheep]] native to [[Central Asia|Central]] and [[South Asia]]. It is listed as [[Vulnerable species|Vulnerable]] on the [[IUCN Red List]].<ref name=iucn/>

⚫
== Taxonomy==
⚫
''Ovis vignei'' was the [[scientific name]] proposed by [[Edward Blyth]] in 1841 for wild sheep in the [[Sulaiman Mountains]].<ref name="Blyth1841" /> The specific name honours [[Godfrey Vigne]] (1801–1863).<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Beolens |first1=Bo |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I-kSmWLc6vYC&dq=ovis+vignei+vigne&pg=PA431 |title=The Eponym Dictionary of Mammals |last2=Watkins |first2=Michael |last3=Grayson |first3=Michael |date=November 18, 2009 |publisher=JHU Press |isbn=9780801895333 |via=Google Books}}</ref>

⚫
The ''vignei'' subspecies group consists of six individual subspecies:

* '''Ladakh urial''' (''Ovis vignei vignei''): [[India]] ([[Ladakh]]), northern Pakistan, [[Kashmir]]
⚫
* '''Transcaspian urial''' (''Ovis vignei arkal''): Ustjurt-Plateau (Turkmenistan, [[Uzbekistan]], northern Iran) and western [[Kazakhstan]]
⚫
*'''Blanford's urial''' or '''Baluchistan urial''' (''Ovis vignei blanfordi''): Pakistan (Balochistan)
⚫
*'''Bukhara urial''' (''Ovis vignei bochariensis''): Uzbekistan, [[Tajikistan]], Turkmenistan, Afghanistan

⚫
*'''Afghan urial''' or '''Turkmenian sheep''' (''[[Ustyurt Mountain sheep|Ovis vignei cycloceros]]''): southern [[Turkmenistan]], eastern [[Iran]], [[Afghanistan]], [[Pakistan]] (north [[Balochistan]])<ref>{{Cite web |title=Green Pioneers - Chapter 13 |url=http://www.un.org.pk/undp/sgp/green-pioneers/chap-13.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080703204340/http://www.un.org.pk/undp/sgp/green-pioneers/chap-13.htm |archive-date=2008-07-03 |access-date=2009-03-15}}</ref>
*'''Punjab urial''' (''Ovis vignei punjabiensis''): provincial animal of [[Punjab, Pakistan]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kobilinsky |first=Dana |date=2023-07-26 |title=JWM: Connectivity could aid Pakistan's struggling wild sheep |url=https://wildlife.org/jwm-connectivity-could-aid-pakistans-struggling-wild-sheep/ |access-date=2023-07-31 |website=The Wildlife Society |language=en-US}}</ref>


== Characteristics ==
== Characteristics ==
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== Distribution and habitat==
== Distribution and habitat==
The urial is native to montane areas in the [[Pamir Mountains]], [[Hindu Kush]] and [[Himalayas]] up to an elevation of {{convert|4500|m|abbr=on}}; it is distributed from northeastern [[Iran]], [[Afghanistan]], Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan and southwestern [[Kazakhstan]] to northern [[Pakistan]] and [[Ladakh]] in northwestern [[India]]. It prefers [[grassland]], open woodland and gentle slopes, but also inhabits cold arid zones with little vegetation.<ref name=iucn/>
The urial is native to montane areas in the [[Pamir Mountains]], [[Hindu Kush]] and [[Himalayas]] up to an elevation of {{convert|4500|m|abbr=on}}. It is distributed from northeastern Iran, Afghanistan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan and southwestern Kazakhstan to northern Pakistan and Ladakh in northwestern India. It prefers [[grassland]], open woodland and gentle slopes, but also inhabits cold arid zones with little vegetation.<ref name=iucn/>


== Behaviour and ecology ==
== Behaviour and ecology ==
The [[mating]] season begins in September. Rams select four or five ewes, which give birth to a lamb after a [[gestation]] of five months.{{citation needed|date=October 2020}}
The [[mating]] season begins in September. Rams select four or five ewes, which give birth to a lamb after a [[gestation]] of five months.{{citation needed|date=October 2020}}

⚫
== Taxonomy==
⚫
* ''Ovis vignei'' was the [[scientific name]] proposed by [[Edward Blyth]] in 1841 for wild sheep in the [[Sulaiman Mountains]].<ref name=Blyth1841/> The specific name honours [[Godfrey Vigne]] (1801–1863).<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I-kSmWLc6vYC&dq=ovis+vignei+vigne&pg=PA431|title=The Eponym Dictionary of Mammals|first1=Bo|last1=Beolens|first2=Michael|last2=Watkins|first3=Michael|last3=Grayson|date=November 18, 2009|publisher=JHU Press|isbn=9780801895333 |via=Google Books}}</ref>
⚫
The ''vignei'' subspecies group consists of six individual subspecies:
⚫
*'''Afghan urial''' or '''Turkmenian sheep''' (''[[Ustyurt Mountain sheep|Ovis vignei cycloceros]]''): southern [[Turkmenistan]], eastern [[Iran]], [[Afghanistan]], north Balochistan [[Pakistan]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.un.org.pk/undp/sgp/green-pioneers/chap-13.htm |title=Green Pioneers - Chapter 13 |access-date=2009-03-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080703204340/http://www.un.org.pk/undp/sgp/green-pioneers/chap-13.htm |archive-date=2008-07-03 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
⚫
*'''Transcaspian urial''' (''[[Ovis vignei arkal]]''): Ustjurt-Plateau ([[Turkmenistan]], [[Uzbekistan]], northern [[Iran]]) and western [[Kazakhstan]]
⚫
*'''Blanford's urial''' or '''Baluchistan urial''' (''[[Ovis vignei blanfordi]]''): [[Balochistan (region)|Balochistan (Pakistan)]] are often included in this subspecies
⚫
*'''Bukhara urial''' (''[[Ovis vignei bochariensis]]''): [[Uzbekistan]], [[Tajikistan]], [[Turkmenistan]], mountains around [[Amu Darya]]
*'''Punjab urial''' (''[[Ovis vignei punjabiensis]]''): the provincial animal of the [[Punjab (Pakistan)]]
*'''Ladakh urial''' (''[[Ovis vignei vignei]]''): [[Ladakh]] and northern [[Pakistan]], [[Kashmir]], males have curly horns but the females have flat horns
-->


==References==
==References==
Line 49: Line 52:
* Menon, V.: A Field Guide to Indian Mammals, [[Dorling Kindersley]], India, 2003
* Menon, V.: A Field Guide to Indian Mammals, [[Dorling Kindersley]], India, 2003
* CITES Instruktion für den grenztierärztlichen Dienst
* CITES Instruktion für den grenztierärztlichen Dienst
* [http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:E5T4z2XUAiEJ:www.cites.org/eng/cop/11/prop/30.pdf Proposal about subspecies of Urial]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20030622212313/http://www.cites.org/eng/cop/11/prop/30.pdf Proposal about subspecies of Urial]
* Yahya M. Musakhel ''et al.'' 2006: Identification of Biodiversity Hot Spots in Musakhel District balochistan Pakistan.
* Yahya M. Musakhel ''et al.'' 2006: Identification of Biodiversity Hot Spots in Musakhel District balochistan Pakistan.


==External links==
==External links==
{{Commons category|Ovis vignei}}

* [http://www.wildsheep.org/sheep/international.htm Images of asiatic wild sheep subspecies]
* [http://www.wildsheep.org/sheep/international.htm Images of asiatic wild sheep subspecies]


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[[Category:Fauna of Iran]]
[[Category:Fauna of Iran]]
[[Category:Fauna of Ladakh]]
[[Category:Fauna of Ladakh]]
[[Category:Fauna of India]]
[[Category:Mammals of Central Asia]]
[[Category:Mammals of Central Asia]]
[[Category:Mammals described in 1841]]
[[Category:Mammals described in 1841]]
[[Category:Subspecies]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Edward Blyth]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Edward Blyth]]

Latest revision as of 08:43, 25 April 2024

This article is about the sheep. For other uses of the term, see Uriel (disambiguation).

Urial
Bukhara urial (Ovis vignei bochariensis) at Nordens Ark, Sweden
CITES Appendix I (CITES)[1]
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Artiodactyla
Family: Bovidae
Subfamily: Caprinae
Tribe: Caprini
Genus: Ovis
Species:
O. vignei
Binomial name
Ovis vignei
(Blyth, 1841)[2]
The range of Urial
Synonyms

Ovis orientalis vignei

The urial (/ˈʊəriəl/ OOR-ee-əl; Ovis vignei), also known as arkars, shapo, or shapu, is a wild sheep native to Central and South Asia. It is listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List.[1]

Taxonomy

[edit]

Ovis vignei was the scientific name proposed by Edward Blyth in 1841 for wild sheep in the Sulaiman Mountains.[2] The specific name honours Godfrey Vigne (1801–1863).[3]

The vignei subspecies group consists of six individual subspecies:

  • Ladakh urial (Ovis vignei vignei): India (Ladakh), northern Pakistan, Kashmir
  • Transcaspian urial (Ovis vignei arkal): Ustjurt-Plateau (Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, northern Iran) and western Kazakhstan
  • Blanford's urial or Baluchistan urial (Ovis vignei blanfordi): Pakistan (Balochistan)
  • Bukhara urial (Ovis vignei bochariensis): Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Afghanistan

Characteristics

[edit]
Transcaspian arkals (O. v. arkal) at Pretoria Zoo

Urial males have large horns, curling outwards from the top of the head turning in to end somewhere behind the head; females have shorter, compressed horns. The horns of the males are up to 100 cm (39 in) long. The shoulder height of an adult male urial is between 80 and 90 cm (31 and 35 in).[citation needed]

Distribution and habitat

[edit]

The urial is native to montane areas in the Pamir Mountains, Hindu Kush and Himalayas up to an elevation of 4,500 m (14,800 ft). It is distributed from northeastern Iran, Afghanistan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan and southwestern Kazakhstan to northern Pakistan and Ladakh in northwestern India. It prefers grassland, open woodland and gentle slopes, but also inhabits cold arid zones with little vegetation.[1]

Behaviour and ecology

[edit]

The mating season begins in September. Rams select four or five ewes, which give birth to a lamb after a gestation of five months.[citation needed]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d Michel, S & Ghoddousi, A. (2021) [errata version of 2020 assessment]. "Ovis vignei". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T54940655A195296049. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T54940655A195296049.en. Retrieved 16 January 2022.
  2. ^ a b Blyth, E. (1841). "An Amended List of the Species of the Genus Ovis". The Annals and Magazine of Natural History; Zoology, Botany, and Geology. 7 (44): 248–261.
  3. ^ Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (November 18, 2009). The Eponym Dictionary of Mammals. JHU Press. ISBN 9780801895333 – via Google Books.
  4. ^ "Green Pioneers - Chapter 13". Archived from the original on 2008-07-03. Retrieved 2009-03-15.
  5. ^ Kobilinsky, Dana (2023-07-26). "JWM: Connectivity could aid Pakistan's struggling wild sheep". The Wildlife Society. Retrieved 2023-07-31.
  • Nowak R. M.: Walker's Mammals of the World, Sixth Edition. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, London, 1999.
  • Namgail, T., van Wieren, S.E., Mishra, C. & Prins, H.H.T. (2010). Multi-spatial co-distribution of the endangered Ladakh urial and blue sheep in the arid Trans-Himalayan Mountains. Journal of Arid Environments, 74:1162-1169.
  • Lingen, H.: Großes Lexikon der Tiere. Lingen Verlag, Köln.
  • Prater, S. H.: The Book of Indian Animals, Oxford University Press, 1971.
  • Menon, V.: A Field Guide to Indian Mammals, Dorling Kindersley, India, 2003
  • CITES Instruktion für den grenztierärztlichen Dienst
  • Proposal about subspecies of Urial
  • Yahya M. Musakhel et al. 2006: Identification of Biodiversity Hot Spots in Musakhel District balochistan Pakistan.
[edit]
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