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#REDIRECT [[Dorus (son of Hellen)]] |
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In [[Greek mythology]], '''Dorus'''{{Pronunciation-needed}} ({{lang-grc|Δῶρος}} probably derived from ''doron'' "gift") was the [[Eponym|eponymous founder]] of the [[Dorians]].<ref>He was the son of Hellen by a nymph Orseis, according to [[Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)|Apollodorus]], [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Apollod.+1.7.3&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0022:book=1:chapter=7&highlight=Dorus 1.7.3]; "And from Hellen the war-loving king sprang Dorus and Xuthus and Aeolus delighting in horses" (Hesiodic ''[[Catalogue of Women|Ehoiai]]'' fr. 9. Another placement of Dorus among the [[Hellenes]] descended from Hellen was as the son of [[Xuthus]] and [[Creusa]].</ref> |
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== Family == |
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Each of [[Hellen|Hellen's]] sons founded a primary tribe of Greece: [[Aeolus (son of Hellen)|Aeolus]] the [[Aeolians]], Dorus the [[Dorians]]<ref name=":0">[[Pseudo-Scymnus|Pseudo-Scymnos]], ''Circuit de la terre'' 587 ff.</ref> and [[Xuthus]] the [[Achaeans (tribe)|Achaeans]] (from Xuthus's son [[Achaeus (son of Xuthus)|Achaeus]]) and [[Ionians]] (from Xuthus's adopted son [[Ion (mythology)|Ion]], in truth a son of the god [[Apollo]]), aside from his sister [[Pandora of Thessaly|Pandora]]'s sons with Zeus. In the account of [[Hellanicus of Lesbos|Hellanicus]], [[Xenopatra]] was additionally counted as one of the children of Hellen and the [[oread]] [[Orseis]] ([[Othreis]]) and thus, technically the sister of Dorus.<ref>[[Hellanicus of Lesbos|Hellanicus]] in [[scholia]] on [[Plato]], ''Symposium'' 208 (p. 376)</ref> Another possible sibling of Dorus was [[Neonus]] who was called the son of Hellen and father of [[Dotus]].<ref>[[Stephanus of Byzantium]], [https://archive.org/details/STEPHANUSVONBYZANZMargaretheBillerbeckChristianZublerSTEPHANIBYZANTIIENICAIIpdf/page/n147/mode/2up?view=theater s.v. ''Dotion'' (pp. 118, 119)] [= ''[[FGrHist]]'' [https://scholarlyeditions.brill.com/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:fgrh.0604.bnjo-1-ed-grc:f3 604 F3]]; ''BNJ'', [https://scholarlyeditions.brill.com/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:fgrh.0604.bnjo-2-comm3-eng:f3 commentary on 604 F3].</ref> In one version of the myth, Dorus was said to be born from Hellen and the [[nymph]] [[Phthia (mythology)|Phthia]]<ref>[[Vitruvius]], ''[[De Architectura]]'' [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/vitruvius-architecture/1931/pb_LCL251.203.xml 4.1.3 (pp. 202–5)]</ref> (maybe another for Orseis). |
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According to other writers, Dorus was the son of [[Protogeneia|Protogenia]] and [[Zeus]], thus probably the brother of [[Aethlius]],<ref>[[Clement of Alexandria]], ''Recognitions'' 21</ref> [[Aetolus of Aetolia|Aetolus]] and [[Opus (mythology)|Opus]]. Meanwhile, in the play [[Ion (play)|''Ion'']], he was counted as one of the legitimate sons (the other being Achaeus) of Xuthus and the [[Athens|Athenian]] princess [[Creusa of Athens|Creusa]], daughter of King [[Erechtheus]].<ref>[[Euripides]], ''[[Ion (play)|Ion]]'' [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Eur.+Ion+1580&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0110:book=:chapter=&highlight=Dorus 1589–1592]</ref> Lastly, in a rare account, [[Poseidon]] was said to have fathered Dorus.<ref>[[Servius (grammarian)|Servius]] ad [[Virgil]], ''[[Aeneid]]'' [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Serv.+A.+2.27&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0053:book=:chapter=&highlight=Dorus 2.27]</ref> |
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Dorus was the father of [[Tectamus]], [[Aegimius]] and [[Iphthime]]. The latter became the mother of the [[Satyrs]] [[Lycus (mythology)|Lycus]], [[Pherespondus]] and [[Pronomus]] by [[Hermes]].<ref>[[Nonnus]], 14.114</ref> |
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== Mythology == |
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In the ''[[Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)|Bibliotheke]]'', "Dorus received the country over against [[Peloponnese]] and called the settlers Dorians after himself."<ref>Apollodorus, [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Apollod.+1.7.3&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0022:book=1:chapter=7&highlight=Dorus 1.7.3]</ref> He was said to have founded the small Dorian cities of [[Erineus (city)|Erineon]], [[Boium|Boion]], [[Cytinium|Kytinion]] and [[Pindus (city)|Pindos]].<ref name=":0" /> According to [[Karl Kerenyi]], the Dorians recalled that three times [[Heracles]] had aided their "oldest king", [[Aegimius|Aigimios]], "under whom they had not yet emigrated to the Peleponnesos."<ref>Kerenyi. ''The Heroes of the Greeks,'' p. 184</ref> Kerenyi's source is the ''[[Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)|Bibliotheca]]'' (II.7.7), who though he is late, was working with ancient materials lost to us. |
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Centuries later, the figure of Dorus was invoked by [[Diodorus Siculus]] in the common way to explain the presence in [[Crete]] during the historical period of Dorian cities of mixed population:<blockquote>The third people<ref>After [[Eteocretan|Eteocretans]] and [[Pelasgians]].</ref> to cross over to the island, we are told, were Dorians, under the leadership of [[Tectamus]] the son of Dorus; and the account states that the larger number of these Dorians was gathered from the [[Thessaly|regions about Olympus]], but that a part of them consisted of Achaeans from [[Laconia]], since Dorus had fixed the base of his expedition in the region about [[Cape Malea]]. And a fourth people to come to Crete and to become intermixed with the Cretans, we are told, was a heterogeneous collection of barbarians who in the course of time adopted the language of the native Greeks.<ref>[[Diodorus Siculus]], 5.80.2</ref></blockquote> |
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An important descendance of aristocratic clans, some of which survived into [[Classical Greece|Classical times]], was from [[Heracles]]. Diodorus invokes a son of Dorus in accounting for the mythic theme of the "return" of the [[Heracleidae]]: |
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<blockquote>The rest of the Heracleidae, they say, came to Aegimius, the son of Dorus, and demanding back the land which their father had entrusted to him, made their home among the Dorians.<ref>Diodorus Siculus, 4.58.6</ref></blockquote> |
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== Interpretation == |
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The eponymous figure of "Dorus" is a [[back-formation]]: all tribal groups have myths of an "original', whose name is the [[eponym]] of the tribe, even tribal eponyms in ''[[Book of Genesis|Genesis]]''. The oldest are essentially eponyms of extended families, who were worshipped in archaic cults into Roman times.<ref>[[Walter Burkert]], ''Greek Religion'' devotes a chapter VI.1.2 to "Clan and family mysteries".</ref> A man's name, Dōrieus, occurs in the [[Linear B]] tablets at [[Pylos]],<ref>Pylos tablet Fn867 records it in the [[dative case]] as do-ri-je-we, *Dōriēwei, a third or consonant declension noun with stem ending in w. An unattested plural, *Dōriēwes, would have become Dōrieis by loss of the w and contraction, but in the tablet, which is concerned with contribution of grain to a temple, it is simply a man's name.</ref> one of the regions invaded and subjected by the Dorians. Whether it had the ethnic meaning of "the Dorian" is unknown. Modern derivations of "Dorians" do not depend on a figure of ''Dorus'': see [[Dorians#Ethnonym|Name of the Dorians]]. |
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==Genealogy of Hellenes== |
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{{Genealogy of Hellenes}} |
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==Notes== |
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{{reflist|2}} |
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== References == |
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* [[Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)|Apollodorus]], ''The Library'' with an English Translation by Sir James George Frazer, F.B.A., F.R.S. in 2 Volumes, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1921. ISBN 0-674-99135-4. [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0022 Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.] [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0021 Greek text available from the same website]. |
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*[[Clement of Alexandria]], ''Recognitions'' from [[Ante-Nicene Period|Ante-Nicene]] Library Volume 8'','' translated by Smith, Rev. Thomas. T. & T. Clark, Edinburgh. 1867. [http://www.theoi.com/Text/ClementRecognitions.html Online version at theio.com] |
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*[[Hesiod]], ''Catalogue of Women'' from ''Homeric Hymns, Epic Cycle, Homerica'' translated by Evelyn-White, H G. Loeb Classical Library Volume 57. London: William Heinemann, 1914. [http://www.theoi.com/Text/HesiodCatalogues.html Online version at theio.com] |
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*[[Nonnus|Nonnus of Panopolis]], ''Dionysiaca'' translated by William Henry Denham Rouse (1863-1950), from the Loeb Classical Library, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press, 1940. [https://topostext.org/work/529 Online version at the Topos Text Project.] |
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*Nonnus of Panopolis, ''Dionysiaca. 3 Vols.'' W.H.D. Rouse. Cambridge, MA., Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann, Ltd. 1940-1942. [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:2008.01.0485 Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library]. |
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[[Category:Princes in Greek mythology]] |
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[[Category:Mythological kings of Thessaly]] |
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[[Category:Kings in Greek mythology]] |
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[[Category:Deucalionids]] |
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[[Category:Children of Poseidon]] |
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[[Category:Thessalian characters in Greek mythology]] |
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[[Category:Dorian mythology]] |
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[[Category:Thessalian mythology]] |
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Revision as of 16:30, 13 January 2023
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