Carboy: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Rigid container for liquids}} |
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{{redirect|Demijohn}} |
{{redirect|Demijohn}} |
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[[File:Clickon Water Dispenser.jpg|thumb|right|Water Dispenser with large plastic bottles]] |
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[[File:Hamidiye Kaynak Su.jpg|thumb|right|Large plastic bottles for a [[water dispenser]]]] |
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[[Image:CarboyHomebrew.jpg|thumb|upright |
[[Image:CarboyHomebrew.jpg|thumb|upright|A {{convert|6+1/2|usgal|L|order=flip|abbr=on|0}} glass carboy acting as a fermentation vessel for beer. It is fitted with a [[fermentation lock]].]] |
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[[Image:Domijohn.jpg|upright|thumb |
[[Image:Domijohn.jpg|upright|thumb|A Bulgarian demijohn (''damadzhana'')]] |
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| ⚫ | A '''carboy''' |
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| ⚫ | A '''carboy''', also known as a '''demijohn''' or a '''lady jeanne''', is a rigid container with a typical capacity of {{convert|1|to|16|usgal|L|order=flip|sigfig=1}}.<ref>ASTM D996, Packaging Terminology</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://msu.edu/~williss2/carpentier/part2/demijohn.html|title=The Kingdom of This World|last=Willis|publisher=[[Michigan State University]]|access-date=2016-07-01}}</ref> Carboys are primarily used for transporting liquids, often drinking water or chemicals.<ref>{{Cite book |
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| last = Soroka |
| last = Soroka |
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| first = W |
| first = W |
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| year = 2008 |
| year = 2008 |
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| pages = 33 |
| pages = 33 |
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They are also used for in-home fermentation of beverages, often beer or wine. |
They are also used for in-home fermentation of beverages, often beer or wine. |
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==History and etymology== |
== History and etymology == |
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| ⚫ | The word ''[[wikt:carboy|carboy]]'' is from the [[Persian language|Persian]] ''qarābah'' ([[wikt:قرابه|قرابه]]), from [[Middle Persian]] ''Karāvah''.<ref>Farahvashi, Bahrām: Farhang-e Fārsi be Pahlavi. Tehran University 1381 Shamsi.</ref> [[Arabic language|Arabic]] also |
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| ⚫ | The word ''[[wikt:carboy|carboy]]'' is from the [[Persian language|Persian]] ''qarābah'' ([[wikt:قرابه|قرابه]]), from [[Middle Persian]] ''Karāvah''.<ref>Farahvashi, Bahrām: Farhang-e Fārsi be Pahlavi. Tehran University 1381 Shamsi.</ref> [[Arabic language|Arabic]] also borrowed it as ''qarrāba'', meaning "big [[Jug (container)|jug]]".<ref>Hull Museums Collection ''[http://www.hullcc.gov.uk/museumcollections/museumcollections/collections/storydetail.php?irn=197 hullcc.gov.uk]{{dead link|date=November 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}''</ref> The Spanish-language term is ''garrafa''.<ref>Diccionario de la Real Academia Española, definición de "garrafa", ''https://dle.rae.es/garrafa''</ref> English ''[[carafe]]'' is an [[etymological doublet]] via Italian and French.<ref>{{cite MW|carafe}}</ref> |
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| ⚫ | ''[[wikt:demijohn|Demijohn]]'' originally referred to any glass vessel with a large body and small neck, enclosed in [[wicker]]work. The word presumably comes from the [[French language|French]] ''dame-jeanne'',<ref>{{cite journal|last=Wedgwood|first=Hensleigh| |
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| ⚫ | ''[[wikt:demijohn|Demijohn]]'' originally referred to any glass vessel with a large body and small neck, enclosed in [[wicker]]work. The word presumably comes from the [[French language|French]] ''dame-jeanne'',<ref>{{cite journal|last=Wedgwood|first=Hensleigh|author-link=Hensleigh Wedgwood|title=On False Etymologies|journal=Transactions of the Philological Society|url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.b3924121;view=1up;seq=80|year=1855|issue=6|pages=70}}</ref> literally "Lady Jane", as a popular appellation; this word is first attested in France in the 17th century.<ref>''[[Oxford English Dictionary]]''</ref> In [[Italian language|Italian]] it is called ''damigiana'', most probably derived from French. In some Spanish-speaking countries such as Argentina, it is also referred to as ''damajuana''. An alternative etymology derives it from the name of a [[Iran|Persian]] town, [[Damghan]], but there is no evidence for this. |
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{{redirect-distinguish|Carboy sizes|Barrels}} |
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Carboys come in various volumes ranging from {{convert|4|to|25|L|USgal|abbr=on}}. The term carboy itself usually refers to a {{convert| |
Carboys come in various volumes ranging from {{convert|4|to|25|L|USgal|0|abbr=on}}. The term carboy itself usually refers to a {{convert|5|USgal|L|0|abbr=on}} carboy, unless otherwise noted. A {{convert|1|impgal|L|1|abbr=on}} carboy is sometimes called a [[jug]]. A {{convert|15|USgal|L|abbr=on}} carboy is usually called a demijohn (in the Philippines, ''dama juana''<ref>Ocampo, Ambeth R. (August 9, 2006) ''[[Philippine Daily Inquirer]]'' "[http://opinion.inquirer.net/inquireropinion/columns/view_article.php?article_id=14195 Tanduay]". {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080213205659/http://opinion.inquirer.net/inquireropinion/columns/view_article.php?article_id=14195 |date=February 13, 2008 }} p. 13.</ref>). |
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In Britain, "demijohn" refers to a 4.5 |
In Britain, "demijohn" refers to a {{convert|4.5|L|impgal|0|order=flip|adj=on}} glass brewing vessel. |
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==Brewing== |
==Brewing== |
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During the [[homebrewing]] process, a primary carboy is used for fermentation. Once primary fermentation is complete, the beer is either transferred to a secondary carboy for conditioning or it can be transferred directly to bottles for conditioning. (This process of transferring is usually called [[racking]].) |
During the [[homebrewing]] process, a primary carboy is used for fermentation. Once primary fermentation is complete, the beer is either transferred to a secondary carboy for conditioning or it can be transferred directly to bottles for conditioning. (This process of transferring is usually called [[racking]].) |
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[[Polypropylene]] carboys are also commonly used in laboratories to transfer purified water. They are typically filled at the top and have a spigot at the bottom for dispensing. |
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==Laboratory== |
==Laboratory== |
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In modern laboratories, carboys are usually made of plastic, though traditionally were (and still are in many university settings) made of ferric glass or other shatter-resistant glasses immune to acid corrosion or [[halide]] staining common in older plastic formulations. They are used |
In modern laboratories, carboys are usually made of plastic, though traditionally were (and still are in many university settings) made of ferric glass or other shatter-resistant glasses immune to acid corrosion or [[halide]] staining common in older plastic formulations. They are used for storing large quantities of liquids, such as [[solvent]]s or [[deionised water]]. In these applications, a tap may be included for dispensing. Carboys are also used to collect and store waste solvents. Collecting waste solvents in plastic carboys is preferable to reusing glass [[Winchester (bottle)|Winchesters]] due to the lesser chance of breakage if a solution is placed in an incorrectly labeled carboy. [[Polypropylene]] carboys are also commonly used in laboratories to transfer purified water. They are typically filled at the top and have a spigot at the bottom for dispensing. |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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* [[Amphora]] - another large container used from 6000 BCE to the present, mostly for wine |
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* [[Fermentation (food)]] |
* [[Fermentation (food)]] |
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* [[Jerrycan]] – another large-sized fluid container |
* [[Jerrycan]] – another large-sized fluid container |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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{{Commons category|Carboys}} |
{{Commons category|Carboys}} |
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{{EB1911 poster|Carboy}} |
{{EB1911 poster|Carboy}} |
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{{EB1911 poster|Demijohn}} |
{{EB1911 poster|Demijohn}} |
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* [http://www.bottlebooks.com/demijohn/big_bottles_big_history_demijohn.htm Big Bottles Big History: Demijohns and Carboys] |
* [http://www.bottlebooks.com/demijohn/big_bottles_big_history_demijohn.htm Big Bottles Big History: Demijohns and Carboys] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225130212/http://www.bottlebooks.com/demijohn/big_bottles_big_history_demijohn.htm |date=2018-12-25 }} |
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{{packaging}} |
{{packaging}} |
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[[Category:Laboratory glassware]] |
[[Category:Laboratory glassware]] |
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[[Category:Wine packaging and storage]] |
[[Category:Wine packaging and storage]] |
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[[Category:Utility vessels]] |
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Latest revision as of 17:57, 13 July 2024
A carboy, also known as a demijohn or a lady jeanne, is a rigid container with a typical capacity of 4 to 60 litres (1 to 16 US gal).[1][2] Carboys are primarily used for transporting liquids, often drinking water or chemicals.[3]
They are also used for in-home fermentation of beverages, often beer or wine.
History and etymology
[edit]The word carboy is from the Persian qarābah (قرابه), from Middle Persian Karāvah.[4] Arabic also borrowed it as qarrāba, meaning "big jug".[5] The Spanish-language term is garrafa.[6] English carafe is an etymological doublet via Italian and French.[7]
Demijohn originally referred to any glass vessel with a large body and small neck, enclosed in wickerwork. The word presumably comes from the French dame-jeanne,[8] literally "Lady Jane", as a popular appellation; this word is first attested in France in the 17th century.[9] In Italian it is called damigiana, most probably derived from French. In some Spanish-speaking countries such as Argentina, it is also referred to as damajuana. An alternative etymology derives it from the name of a Persian town, Damghan, but there is no evidence for this.
Size
[edit]Carboys come in various volumes ranging from 4 to 25 L (1 to 7 US gal). The term carboy itself usually refers to a 5 US gal (19 L) carboy, unless otherwise noted. A 1 imp gal (4.5 L) carboy is sometimes called a jug. A 15 US gal (57 L) carboy is usually called a demijohn (in the Philippines, dama juana[10]).
In Britain, "demijohn" refers to a 1-imperial-gallon (4.5 L) glass brewing vessel.
Brewing
[edit]In brewing, a carboy or demijohn is a glass or plastic vessel used in fermenting beverages such as wine, mead, cider, perry, and beer. Usually it is fitted with a rubber stopper and a fermentation lock to prevent bacteria and oxygen from entering during the fermentation process.
During the homebrewing process, a primary carboy is used for fermentation. Once primary fermentation is complete, the beer is either transferred to a secondary carboy for conditioning or it can be transferred directly to bottles for conditioning. (This process of transferring is usually called racking.)
Laboratory
[edit]In modern laboratories, carboys are usually made of plastic, though traditionally were (and still are in many university settings) made of ferric glass or other shatter-resistant glasses immune to acid corrosion or halide staining common in older plastic formulations. They are used for storing large quantities of liquids, such as solvents or deionised water. In these applications, a tap may be included for dispensing. Carboys are also used to collect and store waste solvents. Collecting waste solvents in plastic carboys is preferable to reusing glass Winchesters due to the lesser chance of breakage if a solution is placed in an incorrectly labeled carboy. Polypropylene carboys are also commonly used in laboratories to transfer purified water. They are typically filled at the top and have a spigot at the bottom for dispensing.
See also
[edit]- Amphora - another large container used from 6000 BCE to the present, mostly for wine
- Fermentation (food)
- Jerrycan – another large-sized fluid container
References
[edit]- ^ ASTM D996, Packaging Terminology
- ^ Willis. "The Kingdom of This World". Michigan State University. Retrieved 2016-07-01.
- ^ Soroka, W (2008). Glossary of Packaging Terminology. IoPP. p. 33. ISBN 978-1-930268-27-2.
- ^ Farahvashi, Bahrām: Farhang-e Fārsi be Pahlavi. Tehran University 1381 Shamsi.
- ^ Hull Museums Collection hullcc.gov.uk[permanent dead link]
- ^ Diccionario de la Real Academia Española, definición de "garrafa", https://dle.rae.es/garrafa
- ^ "carafe". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Merriam-Webster.
- ^ Wedgwood, Hensleigh (1855). "On False Etymologies". Transactions of the Philological Society (6): 70.
- ^ Oxford English Dictionary
- ^ Ocampo, Ambeth R. (August 9, 2006) Philippine Daily Inquirer "Tanduay". Archived February 13, 2008, at the Wayback Machine p. 13.
External links
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Carboys.
- Big Bottles Big History: Demijohns and Carboys Archived 2018-12-25 at the Wayback Machine
