British English - Revision history

Drmies: Reverted 1 edit by Thomasno1andJamesno5 (talk) to last revision by Wolfdog

2024-10-26T20:06:45Z

Reverted 1 edit by Thomasno1andJamesno5 (talk) to last revision by Wolfdog

← Previous revision		Revision as of 20:06, 26 October 2024
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	\| script = [[Latin script\|Latin]] ([[English alphabet]]) <br /> [[Unified English Braille]]		\| script = [[Latin script\|Latin]] ([[English alphabet]]) <br /> [[Unified English Braille]]
	\| nation = {{plainlist\|		\| nation = {{plainlist\|
			* [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland]]<br />(originally [[Kingdom of England]])
	* [[United States]]
	* [[United Nations]] (with [[Oxford spelling]])		* [[United Nations]] (with [[Oxford spelling]])
	}}		}}
Line 50:		Line 50:
	}}		}}
	{{American and British English differences}}		{{American and British English differences}}
	'''British English''' (abbreviations: '''BrE''', '''en-US''', and '''BE''')<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.lexico.com/definition/british_english \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112020400/https://www.lexico.com/definition/british_english \|url-status=dead \|archive-date=12 November 2020 \|title=British English \|publisher=Lexico.com \|date= \|access-date=18 February 2022}}</ref> is the set of [[Variety (linguistics)\|varieties]] of the [[English language]] native to the [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland]].{{refn\|The ''[[Oxford English Dictionary]]'' applies the term to English as "spoken or written in the [[British Isles]]; esp[ecially] the forms of English usual in Great Britain", reserving "[[Irish English]]" for the "English language as spoken and written in Ireland".<ref name="Oxford English Dictionary">{{cite book\|title=Oxford English Dictionary\|chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/oxfordenglishdic0015unse\|chapter-url-access=registration\|publisher=Oxford University Press\|location=Oxford, England\|year=1989\|edition=2\|chapter=British English; Hiberno-English}}</ref> Others, such as the ''Cambridge Academic Content Dictionary'', define it as the "[[English language in England\|English language as it is spoken and written in England]]".<ref name="Cambridge Academic Content Dictionary">[http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/american-english/british-english?q=British+English ''British English''], Cambridge Academic Content Dictionary</ref>}} More narrowly, it can refer specifically to the [[English language in England]], or, more broadly, to the collective dialects of English throughout the [[British Isles]] taken as a single umbrella variety, for instance additionally incorporating [[Scottish English]], [[Welsh English]], and [[Northern Irish English]]. [[Tom McArthur (linguist)\|Tom McArthur]] in the [[Oxford English Dictionary\|Oxford Guide to World English]] acknowledges that British English shares "all the ambiguities and tensions [with] the word 'British' and as a result can be used and interpreted in two ways, more broadly or more narrowly, within a range of blurring and ambiguity".		'''British English''' (abbreviations: '''BrE''', '''en-GB''', and '''BE''')<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.lexico.com/definition/british_english \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112020400/https://www.lexico.com/definition/british_english \|url-status=dead \|archive-date=12 November 2020 \|title=British English \|publisher=Lexico.com \|date= \|access-date=18 February 2022}}</ref> is the set of [[Variety (linguistics)\|varieties]] of the [[English language]] native to the [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland]].{{refn\|The ''[[Oxford English Dictionary]]'' applies the term to English as "spoken or written in the [[British Isles]]; esp[ecially] the forms of English usual in Great Britain", reserving "[[Irish English]]" for the "English language as spoken and written in Ireland".<ref name="Oxford English Dictionary">{{cite book\|title=Oxford English Dictionary\|chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/oxfordenglishdic0015unse\|chapter-url-access=registration\|publisher=Oxford University Press\|location=Oxford, England\|year=1989\|edition=2\|chapter=British English; Hiberno-English}}</ref> Others, such as the ''Cambridge Academic Content Dictionary'', define it as the "[[English language in England\|English language as it is spoken and written in England]]".<ref name="Cambridge Academic Content Dictionary">[http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/american-english/british-english?q=British+English ''British English''], Cambridge Academic Content Dictionary</ref>}} More narrowly, it can refer specifically to the [[English language in England]], or, more broadly, to the collective dialects of English throughout the [[British Isles]] taken as a single umbrella variety, for instance additionally incorporating [[Scottish English]], [[Welsh English]], and [[Northern Irish English]]. [[Tom McArthur (linguist)\|Tom McArthur]] in the [[Oxford English Dictionary\|Oxford Guide to World English]] acknowledges that British English shares "all the ambiguities and tensions [with] the word 'British' and as a result can be used and interpreted in two ways, more broadly or more narrowly, within a range of blurring and ambiguity".

	Variations exist in formal (both written and spoken) English in the United Kingdom. For example, the adjective ''wee'' is almost exclusively used in parts of Scotland, north-east England, Northern Ireland, Ireland, and occasionally [[Yorkshire dialect\|Yorkshire]], whereas the adjective ''little'' is predominant elsewhere. Nevertheless, there is a meaningful degree of uniformity in written English within the United Kingdom, and this could be described by the term ''British English''. The forms of [[Spoken language\|spoken]] English, however, vary considerably more than in most other areas of the world where English is spoken<ref>{{cite news\|first=Stuart \|last=Jeffries\|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2009/mar/27/regional-english-dialects\|title=The G2 Guide to Regional English\|journal=[[The Guardian]]\|date=27 March 2009\|at=section G2, p. 12}}</ref> and so a uniform concept of British English is more difficult to apply to the spoken language.		Variations exist in formal (both written and spoken) English in the United Kingdom. For example, the adjective ''wee'' is almost exclusively used in parts of Scotland, north-east England, Northern Ireland, Ireland, and occasionally [[Yorkshire dialect\|Yorkshire]], whereas the adjective ''little'' is predominant elsewhere. Nevertheless, there is a meaningful degree of uniformity in written English within the United Kingdom, and this could be described by the term ''British English''. The forms of [[Spoken language\|spoken]] English, however, vary considerably more than in most other areas of the world where English is spoken<ref>{{cite news\|first=Stuart \|last=Jeffries\|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2009/mar/27/regional-english-dialects\|title=The G2 Guide to Regional English\|journal=[[The Guardian]]\|date=27 March 2009\|at=section G2, p. 12}}</ref> and so a uniform concept of British English is more difficult to apply to the spoken language.

Thomasno1andJamesno5 at 20:05, 26 October 2024

2024-10-26T20:05:55Z

← Previous revision		Revision as of 20:05, 26 October 2024
Line 42:		Line 42:
	\| script = [[Latin script\|Latin]] ([[English alphabet]]) <br /> [[Unified English Braille]]		\| script = [[Latin script\|Latin]] ([[English alphabet]]) <br /> [[Unified English Braille]]
	\| nation = {{plainlist\|		\| nation = {{plainlist\|
			* [[United States]]
	* [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland]]<br />(originally [[Kingdom of England]])
	* [[United Nations]] (with [[Oxford spelling]])		* [[United Nations]] (with [[Oxford spelling]])
	}}		}}
Line 50:		Line 50:
	}}		}}
	{{American and British English differences}}		{{American and British English differences}}
	'''British English''' (abbreviations: '''BrE''', '''en-GB''', and '''BE''')<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.lexico.com/definition/british_english \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112020400/https://www.lexico.com/definition/british_english \|url-status=dead \|archive-date=12 November 2020 \|title=British English \|publisher=Lexico.com \|date= \|access-date=18 February 2022}}</ref> is the set of [[Variety (linguistics)\|varieties]] of the [[English language]] native to the [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland]].{{refn\|The ''[[Oxford English Dictionary]]'' applies the term to English as "spoken or written in the [[British Isles]]; esp[ecially] the forms of English usual in Great Britain", reserving "[[Irish English]]" for the "English language as spoken and written in Ireland".<ref name="Oxford English Dictionary">{{cite book\|title=Oxford English Dictionary\|chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/oxfordenglishdic0015unse\|chapter-url-access=registration\|publisher=Oxford University Press\|location=Oxford, England\|year=1989\|edition=2\|chapter=British English; Hiberno-English}}</ref> Others, such as the ''Cambridge Academic Content Dictionary'', define it as the "[[English language in England\|English language as it is spoken and written in England]]".<ref name="Cambridge Academic Content Dictionary">[http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/american-english/british-english?q=British+English ''British English''], Cambridge Academic Content Dictionary</ref>}} More narrowly, it can refer specifically to the [[English language in England]], or, more broadly, to the collective dialects of English throughout the [[British Isles]] taken as a single umbrella variety, for instance additionally incorporating [[Scottish English]], [[Welsh English]], and [[Northern Irish English]]. [[Tom McArthur (linguist)\|Tom McArthur]] in the [[Oxford English Dictionary\|Oxford Guide to World English]] acknowledges that British English shares "all the ambiguities and tensions [with] the word 'British' and as a result can be used and interpreted in two ways, more broadly or more narrowly, within a range of blurring and ambiguity".		'''British English''' (abbreviations: '''BrE''', '''en-US''', and '''BE''')<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.lexico.com/definition/british_english \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112020400/https://www.lexico.com/definition/british_english \|url-status=dead \|archive-date=12 November 2020 \|title=British English \|publisher=Lexico.com \|date= \|access-date=18 February 2022}}</ref> is the set of [[Variety (linguistics)\|varieties]] of the [[English language]] native to the [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland]].{{refn\|The ''[[Oxford English Dictionary]]'' applies the term to English as "spoken or written in the [[British Isles]]; esp[ecially] the forms of English usual in Great Britain", reserving "[[Irish English]]" for the "English language as spoken and written in Ireland".<ref name="Oxford English Dictionary">{{cite book\|title=Oxford English Dictionary\|chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/oxfordenglishdic0015unse\|chapter-url-access=registration\|publisher=Oxford University Press\|location=Oxford, England\|year=1989\|edition=2\|chapter=British English; Hiberno-English}}</ref> Others, such as the ''Cambridge Academic Content Dictionary'', define it as the "[[English language in England\|English language as it is spoken and written in England]]".<ref name="Cambridge Academic Content Dictionary">[http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/american-english/british-english?q=British+English ''British English''], Cambridge Academic Content Dictionary</ref>}} More narrowly, it can refer specifically to the [[English language in England]], or, more broadly, to the collective dialects of English throughout the [[British Isles]] taken as a single umbrella variety, for instance additionally incorporating [[Scottish English]], [[Welsh English]], and [[Northern Irish English]]. [[Tom McArthur (linguist)\|Tom McArthur]] in the [[Oxford English Dictionary\|Oxford Guide to World English]] acknowledges that British English shares "all the ambiguities and tensions [with] the word 'British' and as a result can be used and interpreted in two ways, more broadly or more narrowly, within a range of blurring and ambiguity".

	Variations exist in formal (both written and spoken) English in the United Kingdom. For example, the adjective ''wee'' is almost exclusively used in parts of Scotland, north-east England, Northern Ireland, Ireland, and occasionally [[Yorkshire dialect\|Yorkshire]], whereas the adjective ''little'' is predominant elsewhere. Nevertheless, there is a meaningful degree of uniformity in written English within the United Kingdom, and this could be described by the term ''British English''. The forms of [[Spoken language\|spoken]] English, however, vary considerably more than in most other areas of the world where English is spoken<ref>{{cite news\|first=Stuart \|last=Jeffries\|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2009/mar/27/regional-english-dialects\|title=The G2 Guide to Regional English\|journal=[[The Guardian]]\|date=27 March 2009\|at=section G2, p. 12}}</ref> and so a uniform concept of British English is more difficult to apply to the spoken language.		Variations exist in formal (both written and spoken) English in the United Kingdom. For example, the adjective ''wee'' is almost exclusively used in parts of Scotland, north-east England, Northern Ireland, Ireland, and occasionally [[Yorkshire dialect\|Yorkshire]], whereas the adjective ''little'' is predominant elsewhere. Nevertheless, there is a meaningful degree of uniformity in written English within the United Kingdom, and this could be described by the term ''British English''. The forms of [[Spoken language\|spoken]] English, however, vary considerably more than in most other areas of the world where English is spoken<ref>{{cite news\|first=Stuart \|last=Jeffries\|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2009/mar/27/regional-english-dialects\|title=The G2 Guide to Regional English\|journal=[[The Guardian]]\|date=27 March 2009\|at=section G2, p. 12}}</ref> and so a uniform concept of British English is more difficult to apply to the spoken language.

Wolfdog: /* Standard British English */

2024-10-18T00:22:12Z

Standard British English

← Previous revision		Revision as of 00:22, 18 October 2024
Line 131:		Line 131:
	[[Standard English]] in the United Kingdom, as in other English-speaking nations, is widely enforced in schools and by social norms for formal contexts but not by any singular authority; for instance, there is no institution equivalent to the {{Lang\|fr\|[[Académie Française\|Académie française]]\|italic=no}} with French or the [[Royal Spanish Academy]] with Spanish. Standard British English [[Comparison of American and British English\|differs notably]] in certain vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation features from standard [[American English]] and certain other standard English varieties around the world. [[American and British English spelling differences\|British and American spelling]] also differ in minor ways.		[[Standard English]] in the United Kingdom, as in other English-speaking nations, is widely enforced in schools and by social norms for formal contexts but not by any singular authority; for instance, there is no institution equivalent to the {{Lang\|fr\|[[Académie Française\|Académie française]]\|italic=no}} with French or the [[Royal Spanish Academy]] with Spanish. Standard British English [[Comparison of American and British English\|differs notably]] in certain vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation features from standard [[American English]] and certain other standard English varieties around the world. [[American and British English spelling differences\|British and American spelling]] also differ in minor ways.

	The accent, or pronunciation system, of standard British English, based in southeastern England, has been known for over a century as [[Received Pronunciation]] (RP). However, due to [[language change\|language evolution]] and changing social trends, some linguists argue that RP is losing [[Prestige (sociolinguistics)\|prestige]] or has been replaced by another accent, one that the linguist [[Geoff Lindsey]] for instance calls Standard Southern British English.<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Lindsey \|first=Geoff \|title=English after RP: standard British pronunciation today \|date=2019 \|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan \|isbn=978-3-030-04356-8 \|location=Cham, Switzerland}}</ref> Others suggest that more regionally-oriented standard accents are emerging in England.<ref>Strycharczuk, P., López-Ibáñez, M., Brown, G., & Leemann, A. (2020). "General Northern English. Exploring regional variation in the North of England with machine learning". Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence, 3, 545883.</ref> Even in Scotland and Northern Ireland, RP exerts little influence in the 21st century. RP, while long established as the standard English accent around the globe due to the spread of the [[British Empire]], is distinct from the standard English pronunciation in some parts of the ~~worl~~; most prominently, RP [[Comparison of General American and Received Pronunciation\|notably contrasts]] with standard North American accents.		The accent, or pronunciation system, of standard British English, based in southeastern England, has been known for over a century as [[Received Pronunciation]] (RP). However, due to [[language change\|language evolution]] and changing social trends, some linguists argue that RP is losing [[Prestige (sociolinguistics)\|prestige]] or has been replaced by another accent, one that the linguist [[Geoff Lindsey]] for instance calls Standard Southern British English.<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Lindsey \|first=Geoff \|title=English after RP: standard British pronunciation today \|date=2019 \|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan \|isbn=978-3-030-04356-8 \|location=Cham, Switzerland}}</ref> Others suggest that more regionally-oriented standard accents are emerging in England.<ref>Strycharczuk, P., López-Ibáñez, M., Brown, G., & Leemann, A. (2020). "General Northern English. Exploring regional variation in the North of England with machine learning". Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence, 3, 545883.</ref> Even in Scotland and Northern Ireland, RP exerts little influence in the 21st century. RP, while long established as the standard English accent around the globe due to the spread of the [[British Empire]], is distinct from the standard English pronunciation in some parts of the world; most prominently, RP [[Comparison of General American and Received Pronunciation\|notably contrasts]] with standard North American accents.

	In the 21st century, dictionaries like the ''[[Oxford English Dictionary]]'', the ''[[Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English]]'', the ''[[Chambers Dictionary]]'', and the ''[[Collins Dictionary]]'' record actual [[Usage (language)\|usage]] rather than attempting to [[Linguistic prescription\|prescribe]] it.<ref name="courses.nus.edu.sg">{{cite web\|url=https://courses.nus.edu.sg/course/elltankw/history/standardisation/c.htm\|title=The Standardisation of English\|website=courses.nus.edu.sg}}</ref> In addition, vocabulary and usage change with time; words are freely borrowed from other languages and other varieties of English, and [[neologisms]] are frequent.		In the 21st century, dictionaries like the ''[[Oxford English Dictionary]]'', the ''[[Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English]]'', the ''[[Chambers Dictionary]]'', and the ''[[Collins Dictionary]]'' record actual [[Usage (language)\|usage]] rather than attempting to [[Linguistic prescription\|prescribe]] it.<ref name="courses.nus.edu.sg">{{cite web\|url=https://courses.nus.edu.sg/course/elltankw/history/standardisation/c.htm\|title=The Standardisation of English\|website=courses.nus.edu.sg}}</ref> In addition, vocabulary and usage change with time; words are freely borrowed from other languages and other varieties of English, and [[neologisms]] are frequent.

Wolfdog: /* Standard British English */

2024-10-18T00:21:17Z

Standard British English

← Previous revision		Revision as of 00:21, 18 October 2024
Line 129:		Line 129:

	== Standard British English ==		== Standard British English ==
	[[Standard English]] in the United Kingdom, as in other English-speaking nations, is widely enforced in schools and by social norms for formal contexts but not by any singular authority; for instance, there is no institution equivalent to the {{Lang\|fr\|[[Académie Française\|Académie française]]\|italic=no}} with French or the [[Royal Spanish Academy]] with Spanish. Standard British English [[Comparison of American and British English\|differs notably]] in certain vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation features from standard [[American English]] and certain other standard English varieties around the world.		[[Standard English]] in the United Kingdom, as in other English-speaking nations, is widely enforced in schools and by social norms for formal contexts but not by any singular authority; for instance, there is no institution equivalent to the {{Lang\|fr\|[[Académie Française\|Académie française]]\|italic=no}} with French or the [[Royal Spanish Academy]] with Spanish. Standard British English [[Comparison of American and British English\|differs notably]] in certain vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation features from standard [[American English]] and certain other standard English varieties around the world. [[American and British English spelling differences\|British and American spelling]] also differ in minor ways.

	The accent, or pronunciation system, of ~~Standard~~ British English, based in southeastern England, has been known for over a century as [[Received Pronunciation]] (RP). However, due to [[language change]], some linguists argue that RP is losing prestige or has been replaced by another ~~standard~~, one that the linguist [[Geoff Lindsey]], for instance, calls Standard Southern British English.<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Lindsey \|first=Geoff \|title=English after RP: standard British pronunciation today \|date=2019 \|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan \|isbn=978-3-030-04356-8 \|location=Cham, Switzerland}}</ref> Others suggest that more regionally-oriented ~~standards~~ are ~~currently in formation~~ in England.<ref>Strycharczuk, P., López-Ibáñez, M., Brown, G., & Leemann, A. (2020). "General Northern English. Exploring regional variation in the North of England with machine learning". Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence, 3, 545883.</ref> RP, while long established as the standard English accent around the globe due to the spread of the [[British Empire]], ~~differs~~ from the standard English pronunciation in ~~certain~~ parts of the ~~world~~; ~~for~~ ~~instance~~, RP [[Comparison of General American and Received Pronunciation\|notably contrasts]] with standard North American accents.		The accent, or pronunciation system, of standard British English, based in southeastern England, has been known for over a century as [[Received Pronunciation]] (RP). However, due to [[language change\|language evolution]] and changing social trends, some linguists argue that RP is losing [[Prestige (sociolinguistics)\|prestige]] or has been replaced by another accent, one that the linguist [[Geoff Lindsey]] for instance calls Standard Southern British English.<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Lindsey \|first=Geoff \|title=English after RP: standard British pronunciation today \|date=2019 \|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan \|isbn=978-3-030-04356-8 \|location=Cham, Switzerland}}</ref> Others suggest that more regionally-oriented standard accents are emerging in England.<ref>Strycharczuk, P., López-Ibáñez, M., Brown, G., & Leemann, A. (2020). "General Northern English. Exploring regional variation in the North of England with machine learning". Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence, 3, 545883.</ref> Even in Scotland and Northern Ireland, RP exerts little influence in the 21st century. RP, while long established as the standard English accent around the globe due to the spread of the [[British Empire]], is distinct from the standard English pronunciation in some parts of the worl; most prominently, RP [[Comparison of General American and Received Pronunciation\|notably contrasts]] with standard North American accents.

	In the 21st century, dictionaries like the ''[[Oxford English Dictionary]]'', the ''[[Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English]]'', the ''[[Chambers Dictionary]]'', and the ''[[Collins Dictionary]]'' record actual [[Usage (language)\|usage]] rather than attempting to [[Linguistic prescription\|prescribe]] it.<ref name="courses.nus.edu.sg">{{cite web\|url=https://courses.nus.edu.sg/course/elltankw/history/standardisation/c.htm\|title=The Standardisation of English\|website=courses.nus.edu.sg}}</ref> In addition, vocabulary and usage change with time; words are freely borrowed from other languages and other varieties of English, and [[neologisms]] are frequent.		In the 21st century, dictionaries like the ''[[Oxford English Dictionary]]'', the ''[[Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English]]'', the ''[[Chambers Dictionary]]'', and the ''[[Collins Dictionary]]'' record actual [[Usage (language)\|usage]] rather than attempting to [[Linguistic prescription\|prescribe]] it.<ref name="courses.nus.edu.sg">{{cite web\|url=https://courses.nus.edu.sg/course/elltankw/history/standardisation/c.htm\|title=The Standardisation of English\|website=courses.nus.edu.sg}}</ref> In addition, vocabulary and usage change with time; words are freely borrowed from other languages and other varieties of English, and [[neologisms]] are frequent.

Wolfdog: /* Standard British English */

2024-10-17T23:27:41Z

Standard British English

← Previous revision		Revision as of 23:27, 17 October 2024
Line 129:		Line 129:

	== Standard British English ==		== Standard British English ==
	[[Standard English]] in the United Kingdom, as ~~around~~ ~~the~~ ~~world~~, is widely enforced in schools and by social norms for formal contexts but not by any singular authority; for instance, there is no institution equivalent to the {{Lang\|fr\|[[Académie Française\|Académie française]]\|italic=no}} with French or the [[Royal Spanish Academy]] with Spanish. Standard British English [[Comparison of American and British English\|differs notably]] in certain vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation features from standard [[American English]] and certain other standard varieties of ~~English~~.		[[Standard English]] in the United Kingdom, as in other English-speaking nations, is widely enforced in schools and by social norms for formal contexts but not by any singular authority; for instance, there is no institution equivalent to the {{Lang\|fr\|[[Académie Française\|Académie française]]\|italic=no}} with French or the [[Royal Spanish Academy]] with Spanish. Standard British English [[Comparison of American and British English\|differs notably]] in certain vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation features from standard [[American English]] and certain other standard English varieties around the world.

	The accent, or pronunciation system, of Standard British English, ~~which~~ based in southeastern England ~~around London~~, has been known for over a century as [[Received Pronunciation]] (RP). However, due to [[language change]], some linguists argue that RP is losing prestige or has been replaced by another standard, one that the linguist [[Geoff Lindsey]], for instance, calls Standard Southern British English.<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Lindsey \|first=Geoff \|title=English after RP: standard British pronunciation today \|date=2019 \|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan \|isbn=978-3-030-04356-8 \|location=Cham, Switzerland}}</ref> Others suggest that more regionally-oriented standards are currently in formation in England.<ref>Strycharczuk, P., López-Ibáñez, M., Brown, G., & Leemann, A. (2020). "General Northern English. Exploring regional variation in the North of England with machine learning". Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence, 3, 545883.</ref> RP, while long established as the standard English accent around the globe due to the spread of the [[British Empire]], differs from the standard English pronunciation in certain parts of the world; for instance, RP [[Comparison of General American and Received Pronunciation\|notably contrasts]] with standard American accents.		The accent, or pronunciation system, of Standard British English, based in southeastern England, has been known for over a century as [[Received Pronunciation]] (RP). However, due to [[language change]], some linguists argue that RP is losing prestige or has been replaced by another standard, one that the linguist [[Geoff Lindsey]], for instance, calls Standard Southern British English.<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Lindsey \|first=Geoff \|title=English after RP: standard British pronunciation today \|date=2019 \|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan \|isbn=978-3-030-04356-8 \|location=Cham, Switzerland}}</ref> Others suggest that more regionally-oriented standards are currently in formation in England.<ref>Strycharczuk, P., López-Ibáñez, M., Brown, G., & Leemann, A. (2020). "General Northern English. Exploring regional variation in the North of England with machine learning". Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence, 3, 545883.</ref> RP, while long established as the standard English accent around the globe due to the spread of the [[British Empire]], differs from the standard English pronunciation in certain parts of the world; for instance, RP [[Comparison of General American and Received Pronunciation\|notably contrasts]] with standard North American accents.

	In the 21st century, dictionaries like the ''[[Oxford English Dictionary]]'', the ''[[Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English]]'', the ''[[Chambers Dictionary]]'', and the ''[[Collins Dictionary]]'' record actual [[Usage (language)\|usage]] rather than attempting to [[Linguistic prescription\|prescribe]] it.<ref name="courses.nus.edu.sg">{{cite web\|url=https://courses.nus.edu.sg/course/elltankw/history/standardisation/c.htm\|title=The Standardisation of English\|website=courses.nus.edu.sg}}</ref> In addition, vocabulary and usage change with time; words are freely borrowed from other languages and other varieties of English, and [[neologisms]] are frequent.		In the 21st century, dictionaries like the ''[[Oxford English Dictionary]]'', the ''[[Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English]]'', the ''[[Chambers Dictionary]]'', and the ''[[Collins Dictionary]]'' record actual [[Usage (language)\|usage]] rather than attempting to [[Linguistic prescription\|prescribe]] it.<ref name="courses.nus.edu.sg">{{cite web\|url=https://courses.nus.edu.sg/course/elltankw/history/standardisation/c.htm\|title=The Standardisation of English\|website=courses.nus.edu.sg}}</ref> In addition, vocabulary and usage change with time; words are freely borrowed from other languages and other varieties of English, and [[neologisms]] are frequent.

Wolfdog: Some definition or links for Standard British English

2024-10-17T23:24:18Z

Some definition or links for Standard British English

← Previous revision		Revision as of 23:24, 17 October 2024
Line 129:		Line 129:

	== Standard British English ==		== Standard British English ==
	Standard English in the United Kingdom, as around the world, is widely enforced in schools and by social norms for formal contexts but not by any singular authority; for instance, there is no institution equivalent to the {{Lang\|fr\|[[Académie Française\|Académie française]]\|italic=no}} with French or the [[Royal Spanish Academy]] with Spanish. In ~~the~~ ~~21st~~ ~~century,~~ ~~dictionaries~~ ~~(for~~ ~~example,~~ ~~the ''[[Oxford~~ English ~~Dictionary~~]]~~'',~~ ~~the~~ ~~''[[Longman~~ ~~Dictionary of Contemporary English]]''~~, ~~the ''[[Chambers Dictionary]]''~~, and ~~the~~ ~~''[[Collins~~ ~~Dictionary]]'')~~ ~~record actual~~ [[~~Usage~~ ~~(language)\|usage~~]] rather than attempting to [[Linguistic prescription\|prescribe]] it.<ref name="courses.nus.edu.sg">{{cite web\|url=https://courses.nus.edu.sg/course/elltankw/history/standardisation/c.htm\|title=The Standardisation of English\|website=courses.nus.edu.sg}}</ref> In addition, vocabulary and ~~usage change with time; words are freely borrowed from~~ other ~~languages and other~~ varieties of English~~, and [[neologisms]] are frequent~~.		[[Standard English]] in the United Kingdom, as around the world, is widely enforced in schools and by social norms for formal contexts but not by any singular authority; for instance, there is no institution equivalent to the {{Lang\|fr\|[[Académie Française\|Académie française]]\|italic=no}} with French or the [[Royal Spanish Academy]] with Spanish. Standard British English [[Comparison of American and British English\|differs notably]] in certain vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation features from standard [[American English]] and certain other standard varieties of English.

			The accent, or pronunciation system, of Standard British English, which based in southeastern England around London, has been known for over a century as [[Received Pronunciation]] (RP). However, due to [[language change]], some linguists argue that RP is losing prestige or has been replaced by another standard, one that the linguist [[Geoff Lindsey]], for instance, calls Standard Southern British English.<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Lindsey \|first=Geoff \|title=English after RP: standard British pronunciation today \|date=2019 \|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan \|isbn=978-3-030-04356-8 \|location=Cham, Switzerland}}</ref> Others suggest that more regionally-oriented standards are currently in formation in England.<ref>Strycharczuk, P., López-Ibáñez, M., Brown, G., & Leemann, A. (2020). "General Northern English. Exploring regional variation in the North of England with machine learning". Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence, 3, 545883.</ref> RP, while long established as the standard English accent around the globe due to the spread of the [[British Empire]], differs from the standard English pronunciation in certain parts of the world; for instance, RP [[Comparison of General American and Received Pronunciation\|notably contrasts]] with standard American accents.
⚫	==History of standardisation==

			In the 21st century, dictionaries like the ''[[Oxford English Dictionary]]'', the ''[[Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English]]'', the ''[[Chambers Dictionary]]'', and the ''[[Collins Dictionary]]'' record actual [[Usage (language)\|usage]] rather than attempting to [[Linguistic prescription\|prescribe]] it.<ref name="courses.nus.edu.sg">{{cite web\|url=https://courses.nus.edu.sg/course/elltankw/history/standardisation/c.htm\|title=The Standardisation of English\|website=courses.nus.edu.sg}}</ref> In addition, vocabulary and usage change with time; words are freely borrowed from other languages and other varieties of English, and [[neologisms]] are frequent.

		⚫	===History of standardisation===
	For historical reasons dating back to the rise of [[London]] in the ninth century, the form of language spoken in London and the [[East Midlands]] became standard English within the Court, and ultimately became the basis for generally accepted use in the law, government, literature and education in Britain. The standardisation of British English is thought to be from both [[Dialect levelling in Britain\|dialect levelling]] and a thought of social superiority. Speaking in the Standard dialect created class distinctions; those who did not speak the standard English would be considered of a lesser class or social status and often discounted or considered of a low intelligence.<ref name="courses.nus.edu.sg"/> Another contribution to the standardisation of British English was the introduction of the printing press to England in the mid-15th century. In doing so, William Caxton enabled a common language and spelling to be dispersed among the entirety of England at a much faster rate.<ref name="thehistoryofenglish.com"/>		For historical reasons dating back to the rise of [[London]] in the ninth century, the form of language spoken in London and the [[East Midlands]] became standard English within the Court, and ultimately became the basis for generally accepted use in the law, government, literature and education in Britain. The standardisation of British English is thought to be from both [[Dialect levelling in Britain\|dialect levelling]] and a thought of social superiority. Speaking in the Standard dialect created class distinctions; those who did not speak the standard English would be considered of a lesser class or social status and often discounted or considered of a low intelligence.<ref name="courses.nus.edu.sg"/> Another contribution to the standardisation of British English was the introduction of the printing press to England in the mid-15th century. In doing so, William Caxton enabled a common language and spelling to be dispersed among the entirety of England at a much faster rate.<ref name="thehistoryofenglish.com"/>

Wolfdog: /* Standardisation */ this can be our landing place for Standard British English

2024-10-17T23:01:50Z

Standardisation: this can be our landing place for Standard British English

← Previous revision		Revision as of 23:01, 17 October 2024
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	Some dialects of British English use negative concords, also known as [[double negatives]]. Rather than changing a word or using a positive, words like nobody, not, nothing, and never would be used in the same sentence.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/grammar/british-grammar/types-of-english-formal-informal-etc/double-negatives-and-usage\|title=Double negatives and usage – English Grammar Today – Cambridge Dictionary\|website=dictionary.cambridge.org}}</ref> While this does not occur in Standard English, it does occur in non-standard dialects. The double negation follows the idea of two different morphemes, one that causes the double negation, and one that is used for the point or the verb.<ref>{{cite journal \|first=Susagna \|last=Tubau \|title=Lexical variation and Negative Concord in Traditional Dialects of British English \|journal=The Journal of Comparative Germanic Linguistics \|volume=19 \|issue=2 \|pages=143–177 \|doi=10.1007/s10828-016-9079-4\|year=2016 \|s2cid=123799620 \|url=https://ddd.uab.cat/record/287774 }}</ref>		Some dialects of British English use negative concords, also known as [[double negatives]]. Rather than changing a word or using a positive, words like nobody, not, nothing, and never would be used in the same sentence.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/grammar/british-grammar/types-of-english-formal-informal-etc/double-negatives-and-usage\|title=Double negatives and usage – English Grammar Today – Cambridge Dictionary\|website=dictionary.cambridge.org}}</ref> While this does not occur in Standard English, it does occur in non-standard dialects. The double negation follows the idea of two different morphemes, one that causes the double negation, and one that is used for the point or the verb.<ref>{{cite journal \|first=Susagna \|last=Tubau \|title=Lexical variation and Negative Concord in Traditional Dialects of British English \|journal=The Journal of Comparative Germanic Linguistics \|volume=19 \|issue=2 \|pages=143–177 \|doi=10.1007/s10828-016-9079-4\|year=2016 \|s2cid=123799620 \|url=https://ddd.uab.cat/record/287774 }}</ref>

			== Standard British English ==
	== Standardisation ==
	~~As with~~ English ~~around~~ the ~~world~~, the ~~English~~ ~~language~~ as ~~used~~ in ~~the~~ ~~United~~ ~~Kingdom~~ is ~~governed~~ by ~~convention~~ ~~rather~~ ~~than~~ ~~formal~~ ~~code:~~ there is no ~~body~~ equivalent to the {{Lang\|fr\|[[Académie Française\|Académie française]]\|italic=no}} or the [[Royal Spanish Academy]]. ~~Dictionaries~~ (for example, the ''[[Oxford English Dictionary]]'', the ''[[Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English]]'', the ''[[Chambers Dictionary]]'', and the ''[[Collins Dictionary]]'') record [[Usage (language)\|usage]] rather than attempting to [[Linguistic prescription\|prescribe]] it.<ref name="courses.nus.edu.sg">{{cite web\|url=https://courses.nus.edu.sg/course/elltankw/history/standardisation/c.htm\|title=The Standardisation of English\|website=courses.nus.edu.sg}}</ref> In addition, vocabulary and usage change with time: words are freely borrowed from other languages and other ~~strains~~ of English, and [[neologisms]] are frequent.		Standard English in the United Kingdom, as around the world, is widely enforced in schools and by social norms for formal contexts but not by any singular authority; for instance, there is no institution equivalent to the {{Lang\|fr\|[[Académie Française\|Académie française]]\|italic=no}} with French or the [[Royal Spanish Academy]] with Spanish. In the 21st century, dictionaries (for example, the ''[[Oxford English Dictionary]]'', the ''[[Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English]]'', the ''[[Chambers Dictionary]]'', and the ''[[Collins Dictionary]]'') record actual [[Usage (language)\|usage]] rather than attempting to [[Linguistic prescription\|prescribe]] it.<ref name="courses.nus.edu.sg">{{cite web\|url=https://courses.nus.edu.sg/course/elltankw/history/standardisation/c.htm\|title=The Standardisation of English\|website=courses.nus.edu.sg}}</ref> In addition, vocabulary and usage change with time; words are freely borrowed from other languages and other varieties of English, and [[neologisms]] are frequent.

			==History of standardisation==
	For historical reasons dating back to the rise of [[London]] in the ninth century, the form of language spoken in London and the [[East Midlands]] became standard English within the Court, and ultimately became the basis for generally accepted use in the law, government, literature and education in Britain. The standardisation of British English is thought to be from both [[Dialect levelling in Britain\|dialect levelling]] and a thought of social superiority. Speaking in the Standard dialect created class distinctions; those who did not speak the standard English would be considered of a lesser class or social status and often discounted or considered of a low intelligence.<ref name="courses.nus.edu.sg"/> Another contribution to the standardisation of British English was the introduction of the printing press to England in the mid-15th century. In doing so, William Caxton enabled a common language and spelling to be dispersed among the entirety of England at a much faster rate.<ref name="thehistoryofenglish.com"/>		For historical reasons dating back to the rise of [[London]] in the ninth century, the form of language spoken in London and the [[East Midlands]] became standard English within the Court, and ultimately became the basis for generally accepted use in the law, government, literature and education in Britain. The standardisation of British English is thought to be from both [[Dialect levelling in Britain\|dialect levelling]] and a thought of social superiority. Speaking in the Standard dialect created class distinctions; those who did not speak the standard English would be considered of a lesser class or social status and often discounted or considered of a low intelligence.<ref name="courses.nus.edu.sg"/> Another contribution to the standardisation of British English was the introduction of the printing press to England in the mid-15th century. In doing so, William Caxton enabled a common language and spelling to be dispersed among the entirety of England at a much faster rate.<ref name="thehistoryofenglish.com"/>

Daniel Case: +protection notice

2024-10-05T03:37:45Z

+protection notice

← Previous revision		Revision as of 03:37, 5 October 2024
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	{{Short description\|English dialects native to Great Britain}}		{{Short description\|English dialects native to Great Britain}}
			{{pp\|small=yes}}
	{{Use British English\|date=December 2016}}		{{Use British English\|date=December 2016}}
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=August 2024}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=August 2024}}

Daniel Case: Protected "British English": Persistent disruptive editing: per RFPP; restarting with indef because this has been so persistent ([Edit=Require autoconfirmed or confirmed access] (indefinite) [Move=Require autoconfirmed or confirmed access] (indefinite))

2024-10-05T03:37:28Z

Protected "British English": Persistent disruptive editing: per RFPP; restarting with indef because this has been so persistent ([Edit=Require autoconfirmed or confirmed access] (indefinite) [Move=Require autoconfirmed or confirmed access] (indefinite))

← Previous revision	Revision as of 03:37, 5 October 2024
(No difference)

OlifanofmrTennant: Reverted 1 edit by 200.91.9.175 (talk) to last revision by OlifanofmrTennant

2024-10-04T15:53:55Z

Reverted 1 edit by 200.91.9.175 (talk) to last revision by OlifanofmrTennant

← Previous revision		Revision as of 15:53, 4 October 2024
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	[[Category:Languages of Gibraltar]]		[[Category:Languages of Gibraltar]]
	[[Category:Languages of the United Kingdom]]		[[Category:Languages of the United Kingdom]]
	[[Category:British stop-motion animated television series]]
	[[Category:British computer-animated television series]]
	[[Category:British flash animated television series]]
	[[Category:Carrier-based aircraft]]
	[[Category:Four-engined tractor aircraft]]

← Previous revision		Revision as of 00:22, 18 October 2024
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	[[Standard English]] in the United Kingdom, as in other English-speaking nations, is widely enforced in schools and by social norms for formal contexts but not by any singular authority; for instance, there is no institution equivalent to the {{Lang\|fr\|[[Académie Française\|Académie française]]\|italic=no}} with French or the [[Royal Spanish Academy]] with Spanish. Standard British English [[Comparison of American and British English\|differs notably]] in certain vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation features from standard [[American English]] and certain other standard English varieties around the world. [[American and British English spelling differences\|British and American spelling]] also differ in minor ways.		[[Standard English]] in the United Kingdom, as in other English-speaking nations, is widely enforced in schools and by social norms for formal contexts but not by any singular authority; for instance, there is no institution equivalent to the {{Lang\|fr\|[[Académie Française\|Académie française]]\|italic=no}} with French or the [[Royal Spanish Academy]] with Spanish. Standard British English [[Comparison of American and British English\|differs notably]] in certain vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation features from standard [[American English]] and certain other standard English varieties around the world. [[American and British English spelling differences\|British and American spelling]] also differ in minor ways.

	The accent, or pronunciation system, of standard British English, based in southeastern England, has been known for over a century as [[Received Pronunciation]] (RP). However, due to [[language change\|language evolution]] and changing social trends, some linguists argue that RP is losing [[Prestige (sociolinguistics)\|prestige]] or has been replaced by another accent, one that the linguist [[Geoff Lindsey]] for instance calls Standard Southern British English.<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Lindsey \|first=Geoff \|title=English after RP: standard British pronunciation today \|date=2019 \|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan \|isbn=978-3-030-04356-8 \|location=Cham, Switzerland}}</ref> Others suggest that more regionally-oriented standard accents are emerging in England.<ref>Strycharczuk, P., López-Ibáñez, M., Brown, G., & Leemann, A. (2020). "General Northern English. Exploring regional variation in the North of England with machine learning". Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence, 3, 545883.</ref> Even in Scotland and Northern Ireland, RP exerts little influence in the 21st century. RP, while long established as the standard English accent around the globe due to the spread of the [[British Empire]], is distinct from the standard English pronunciation in some parts of the ~~worl~~; most prominently, RP [[Comparison of General American and Received Pronunciation\|notably contrasts]] with standard North American accents.		The accent, or pronunciation system, of standard British English, based in southeastern England, has been known for over a century as [[Received Pronunciation]] (RP). However, due to [[language change\|language evolution]] and changing social trends, some linguists argue that RP is losing [[Prestige (sociolinguistics)\|prestige]] or has been replaced by another accent, one that the linguist [[Geoff Lindsey]] for instance calls Standard Southern British English.<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Lindsey \|first=Geoff \|title=English after RP: standard British pronunciation today \|date=2019 \|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan \|isbn=978-3-030-04356-8 \|location=Cham, Switzerland}}</ref> Others suggest that more regionally-oriented standard accents are emerging in England.<ref>Strycharczuk, P., López-Ibáñez, M., Brown, G., & Leemann, A. (2020). "General Northern English. Exploring regional variation in the North of England with machine learning". Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence, 3, 545883.</ref> Even in Scotland and Northern Ireland, RP exerts little influence in the 21st century. RP, while long established as the standard English accent around the globe due to the spread of the [[British Empire]], is distinct from the standard English pronunciation in some parts of the world; most prominently, RP [[Comparison of General American and Received Pronunciation\|notably contrasts]] with standard North American accents.

	In the 21st century, dictionaries like the ''[[Oxford English Dictionary]]'', the ''[[Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English]]'', the ''[[Chambers Dictionary]]'', and the ''[[Collins Dictionary]]'' record actual [[Usage (language)\|usage]] rather than attempting to [[Linguistic prescription\|prescribe]] it.<ref name="courses.nus.edu.sg">{{cite web\|url=https://courses.nus.edu.sg/course/elltankw/history/standardisation/c.htm\|title=The Standardisation of English\|website=courses.nus.edu.sg}}</ref> In addition, vocabulary and usage change with time; words are freely borrowed from other languages and other varieties of English, and [[neologisms]] are frequent.		In the 21st century, dictionaries like the ''[[Oxford English Dictionary]]'', the ''[[Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English]]'', the ''[[Chambers Dictionary]]'', and the ''[[Collins Dictionary]]'' record actual [[Usage (language)\|usage]] rather than attempting to [[Linguistic prescription\|prescribe]] it.<ref name="courses.nus.edu.sg">{{cite web\|url=https://courses.nus.edu.sg/course/elltankw/history/standardisation/c.htm\|title=The Standardisation of English\|website=courses.nus.edu.sg}}</ref> In addition, vocabulary and usage change with time; words are freely borrowed from other languages and other varieties of English, and [[neologisms]] are frequent.

← Previous revision		Revision as of 03:37, 5 October 2024
Line 1:		Line 1:
	{{Short description\|English dialects native to Great Britain}}		{{Short description\|English dialects native to Great Britain}}
			{{pp\|small=yes}}
	{{Use British English\|date=December 2016}}		{{Use British English\|date=December 2016}}
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=August 2024}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=August 2024}}