828: Difference between revisions

828 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar	828; DCCCXXVIII
Ab urbe condita	1581
Armenian calendar	277; ԹՎ ՄՀԷ
Assyrian calendar	5578
Balinese saka calendar	749–750
Bengali calendar	235
Berber calendar	1778
Buddhist calendar	1372
Burmese calendar	190
Byzantine calendar	6336–6337
Chinese calendar	丁未年 (Fire Goat); 3525 or 3318; — to —; 戊申年 (Earth Monkey); 3526 or 3319
Coptic calendar	544–545
Discordian calendar	1994
Ethiopian calendar	820–821
Hebrew calendar	4588–4589
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	884–885
- Shaka Samvat	749–750
- Kali Yuga	3928–3929
Holocene calendar	10828
Iranian calendar	206–207
Islamic calendar	212–213
Japanese calendar	Tenchō 5; (天長５年)
Javanese calendar	724–725
Julian calendar	828; DCCCXXVIII
Korean calendar	3161
Minguo calendar	1084 before ROC; 民前1084年
Nanakshahi calendar	−640
Seleucid era	1139/1140 AG
Thai solar calendar	1370–1371
Tibetan calendar	阴火羊年; (female Fire-Goat); 954 or 573 or −199; — to —; 阳土猴年; (male Earth-Monkey); 955 or 574 or −198

Millennium:	1st millennium
Centuries:	8th century; 9th century ; 10th century;
Decades:	800s; 810s; 820s ; 830s; 840s;
Years:	825; 826; 827; 828 ; 829; 830; 831;

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One of the oldest known dated Sanskrit manuscripts from South Asia, this specimen transmits a substantial portion of Pārameśvaratantra, a scripture of the Shaiva Siddhanta, that taught the worship of Shiva as Pārameśvara ("Supreme Lord"). A note in the manuscript states that it was copied in the year 252, which some scholars judge to be of the era established by the Nepalese king Amśuvaran, therefore corresponding to 828 CE. Cambridge University Library

Year 828 (DCCCXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Events

By place

Byzantine Empire

Siege of Syracuse: The Muslims under Asad ibn al-Furat defeat a Byzantine relief army sent from Palermo, and backed by a Venetian fleet led by Giustiniano Participazio. Al-Furat decides to break off the siege at Syracuse, as his forces suffer greatly from lack of food. Later he dies during an outbreak of an epidemic.
Summer – Euphemius, Byzantine admiral, is murdered by emissaries from the Byzantine garrison at Castrogiovanni, which is besieged by the Muslims. Threatened by Byzantine reinforcements arriving from Constantinople, the survivors burn their ships and retreat overland westward to Mazara del Vallo.^[1]^[2]

Europe

Al-Andalus: The city of Merida (modern Spain) rises twice in one year against the Umayyad Emirate.^[3]
Kydonia, on the northwest coast of Crete, is destroyed by Saracen pirates (approximate date).
Alcamo in Sicily is founded by the Muslim commander al-Kamuk (approximate date).

China

In the capital of Chang'an, a powerful court eunuch orders 50 wrestlers to arrest 300 commoners over a land property dispute in Northwest Chang'an, whereupon a riot breaks out in the streets.

North America

The occupation of Pueblo Bonito begins.

By topic

Religion

Relics of Mark the Evangelist are stolen from Alexandria (controlled by the Abbasid Caliphate) by two Venetian merchants, and brought to Venice.^[4]
At the instigation of Adalram, archbishop of Salzburg, the first Christian church in Central and Eastern Europe is built in Nitra, Pannonia.^[5]
A Coptic revolt breaks out in Egypt (approximate date).

Births

Ali al-Hadi, 10th Shia Imam
Al-Dinawari, astronomer and grammarian (d. 889)
Carloman of Bavaria, Frankish king (or 830)
Ibn Qutaybah, Muslim scholar (d. 889)
Yantou Quanhuo, Chinese Chan master (d. 887)

Deaths

Asad ibn al-Furat, Muslim jurist and theologian (b. 759)
Euphemius, Byzantine admiral and usuper
Ibn Hisham, Muslim historian (or 833)
Idriss II, Muslim emir of Morocco (b. 791) ^[6]
Nikephoros I, patriarch of Constantinople
Talha ibn Tahir, Muslim governor

References

^ Treadgold (1988), pp. 253–254.
^ Vasiliev (1935), pp. 83–84.
^ Rucquoi, Adeline (1993). Histoire médiévale de la Péninsule ibérique. Paris: Seuil. p. 86. ISBN 2-02-012935-3.
^ Donald M. Nicol, Byzantium and Venice: A study in diplomatic and cultural relations (Cambridge: University Press, 1988), p. 24.
^ Klein, "Adalram".
^ Gilbert Meynier (2010) L'Algérie cœur du Maghreb classique. De l'ouverture islamo-arabe au repli (658-1518). Paris: La Découverte; p. 28.

[1] Treadgold (1988), pp. 253–254.

[2] Vasiliev (1935), pp. 83–84.

[rucquoi1993-3] Rucquoi, Adeline (1993). Histoire médiévale de la Péninsule ibérique. Paris: Seuil. p. 86. ISBN 2-02-012935-3.

[4] Donald M. Nicol, Byzantium and Venice: A study in diplomatic and cultural relations (Cambridge: University Press, 1988), p. 24.

[Klein-5] Klein, "Adalram".

[6] Gilbert Meynier (2010) L'Algérie cœur du Maghreb classique. De l'ouverture islamo-arabe au repli (658-1518). Paris: La Découverte; p. 28.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

@@ Line 3: / Line 3: @@
 {{Year nav|828}}
 {{M1 year in topic}}
+[[File:Pārameśvaratantra (Camb. Univ. Lib. MS Add.1049.1).jpg|thumb|One of the oldest known dated [[Sanskrit]] manuscripts from [[South Asia]], this specimen transmits a substantial portion of ''Pārameśvaratantra'', a scripture of the [[Shaiva Siddhanta]], that taught the worship of [[Shiva]] as ''[[Parameshvara (epithet)|Pārameśvara]]'' ("Supreme Lord"). A note in the manuscript states that it was copied in the year 252, which some scholars judge to be of the era established by the Nepalese king [[Amshuverma|Amśuvaran]], therefore corresponding to 828 CE. [[Cambridge University Library]]]]
-[[File:Jose leonardo-san marcos.jpg|{{Largethumb}}|right|[[Mark the Evangelist]], by [[José Leonardo]]]]
 __NOTOC__
 Year '''828''' ('''[[Roman numerals|DCCCXXVIII]]''') was a [[leap year starting on Wednesday]] (link will display the full calendar) of the [[Julian calendar]].
@@ Line 13: / Line 13: @@
 ==== Byzantine Empire ====
-* [[Siege of Syracuse (827–828)|Siege of Syracuse]]: The Muslims under [[Asad ibn al-Furat]] defeat a [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantine]] relief army sent from [[Palermo]] and backed by a [[Venice|Venetian]] fleet led by [[Giustiniano Participazio]]. Al-Furat decides to break off the [[siege]] at [[Syracuse, Sicily|Syracuse]], his forces suffer greatly from lack of [[food]]. Later he dies during an outbreak of an [[epidemic]].
+* [[Siege of Syracuse (827–828)|Siege of Syracuse]]: The Muslims under [[Asad ibn al-Furat]] defeat a [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantine]] relief army sent from [[Palermo]], and backed by a [[Venice|Venetian]] fleet led by [[Giustiniano Participazio]]. Al-Furat decides to break off the [[siege]] at [[Syracuse, Sicily|Syracuse]], as his forces suffer greatly from lack of [[food]]. Later he dies during an outbreak of an [[epidemic]].
-* Summer &ndash; [[Euphemius (Sicily)|Euphemius]], Byzantine admiral, is murdered by emissaries from the Byzantine [[garrison]] at [[Enna|Castrogiovanni]] which is besieged by the Muslims. Threatened by Byzantine reinforcements arriving from [[Constantinople]], the survivors burn their ships and retreat overland westward to [[Mazara del Vallo]].<ref>Treadgold (1988), pp. 253–254</ref><ref>Vasiliev (1935), pp. 83–84</ref>
+* Summer &ndash; [[Euphemius (Sicily)|Euphemius]], Byzantine admiral, is murdered by emissaries from the Byzantine [[garrison]] at [[Enna|Castrogiovanni]], which is besieged by the Muslims. Threatened by Byzantine reinforcements arriving from [[Constantinople]], the survivors burn their ships and retreat overland westward to [[Mazara del Vallo]].<ref>Treadgold (1988), pp. 253–254.</ref><ref>Vasiliev (1935), pp. 83–84.</ref>
 ==== Europe ====
-* [[Al-Andalus]]: The city of [[Mérida, Spain|Merida]] (modern [[Spain]]) rises twice in one year against the [[Umayyad Caliphate|Umayyad]] emirate.<ref name=rucquoi1993>{{cite book|last=Rucquoi|first=Adeline|title=Histoire médiévale de la Péninsule ibérique|year=1993|publisher=Seuil|location=Paris|isbn=2-02-012935-3|page=86}}</ref>
+* [[Al-Andalus]]: The city of [[Mérida, Spain|Merida]] (modern [[Spain]]) rises twice in one year against the [[Umayyad Caliphate|Umayyad]] Emirate.<ref name=rucquoi1993>{{cite book|last=Rucquoi|first=Adeline|title=Histoire médiévale de la Péninsule ibérique|year=1993|publisher=Seuil|location=Paris|isbn=2-02-012935-3|page=86}}</ref>
-* [[Kydonia]] on the northwest coast of [[Crete]] is destroyed by [[Saracens|Saracen]] pirates (approximate date).
+* [[Kydonia]], on the northwest coast of [[Crete]], is destroyed by [[Saracens|Saracen]] pirates (approximate date).
 * [[Alcamo]] in Sicily is founded by the Muslim commander al-Kamuk (approximate date).
 ==== China ====
 * In the capital of [[Chang'an]], a powerful court [[eunuch]] orders 50 [[wrestler]]s to arrest 300 commoners over a land property dispute in [[Chang'an#Northwest Chang'an|Northwest Chang'an]], whereupon a [[riot]] breaks out in the streets.
+==== North America ====
+* The occupation of [[Pueblo Bonito]] begins.
 === By topic ===
 ==== Religion ====
-* [[Relic]]s of [[Mark the Evangelist]] are stolen from [[Alexandria]] (controlled by the [[Abbasid Caliphate]]) by two Venetian [[merchant]]s and brought to [[Venice]].<ref>Donald M. Nicol, ''Byzantium and Venice: A study in diplomatic and cultural relations'' (Cambridge: University Press, 1988), p. 24.</ref>
+* [[Relic]]s of [[Mark the Evangelist]] are stolen from [[Alexandria]] (controlled by the [[Abbasid Caliphate]]) by two Venetian [[merchant]]s, and brought to [[Venice]].<ref>Donald M. Nicol, ''Byzantium and Venice: A study in diplomatic and cultural relations'' (Cambridge: University Press, 1988), p. 24.</ref>
-* At the instigation of [[Adalram]], archbishop of [[Archbishopric of Salzburg|Salzburg]], the first Christian [[Church (building)|church]] in Central and [[Eastern Europe]] is built in [[Nitra]], [[Pannonia]].<ref name=Klein>Klein, "Adalram"</ref>
+* At the instigation of [[Adalram]], archbishop of [[Archbishopric of Salzburg|Salzburg]], the first Christian [[Church (building)|church]] in Central and [[Eastern Europe]] is built in [[Nitra]], [[Pannonia]].<ref name=Klein>Klein, "Adalram".</ref>
 * A [[Copts|Coptic]] revolt breaks out in [[Egypt]] (approximate date).
 </onlyinclude>
 == Births ==
+* [[Ali al-Hadi]], 10th [[Shia Imam]]
 * [[Al-Dinawari]], [[Astronomy in the medieval Islamic world|astronomer]] and [[Linguistic|grammarian]] (d. [[889]])
-* [[September 8]] &ndash; [[Ali al-Hadi]], [[Shia Imam]] (d. [[868]])
 * [[Carloman of Bavaria]], Frankish king (or [[830]])
+* [[Ibn Qutaybah]], Muslim [[Scholarly method|scholar]] (d. 889)
+* [[Yantou Quanhuo]], Chinese [[Chan Buddhism|Chan]] master (d. [[887]])
 == Deaths ==
@@ Line 43: / Line 47: @@
 * [[Idriss II]], Muslim [[emir]] of [[Morocco]] (b. [[791]]) <ref>Gilbert Meynier (2010) ''L'Algérie cœur du Maghreb classique. De l'ouverture islamo-arabe au repli (658-1518)''. Paris: La Découverte; p. 28.</ref>
 * [[Nikephoros I of Constantinople|Nikephoros I]], patriarch of [[Constantinople]]
+* [[Talha ibn Tahir]], Muslim governor
 == References ==