Parenting: Types, Effects and Cultural Variation
S. M. Yasir Arafat *
Department of Psychiatry, Enam Medical College and Hospital, Dhaka-1340, Bangladesh.
Hasina Akter
Department of Nursing, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Bangladesh.
Md Aminul Islam
University of Liberal Arts Bangladesh (ULAB), Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Md. Mohsin Ali Shah
Department of Psychiatry, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Bangladesh.
Russell Kabir
School of Allied Health, Anglia Ruskin University, Essex, UK.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Studies have been coming out exploring different aspects of parenting and how the child has been shaped by parenting. Parenting is the emotional tone between parent and child. It is usually conceptualized by two dimensions, namely demandingness and responsiveness. Based on these dimensions, parenting has been conceptualized in four types mentioned as authoritative, authoritarian, permissive, and neglectful. Parenting has immediate as well as enduring effects on a child’s behavioral, emotional, personal, and cognitive development. However, parenting is deeply influenced by the culture which decides the limits of behavior that to be controlled and praised. This narrative review was aimed to discuss the dimensions, types, effect of parenting style on the child’s development, and cultural variation of it.
Keywords: Parenting, culture, demandingness, responsiveness, authoritative, authoritarian, permissive