New York gubernatorial and lieutenant gubernatorial election, 2014
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September 9, 2014 |
November 4, 2014 |
Andrew Cuomo  Kathy Hochul |
Andrew Cuomo Robert Duffy |
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Governor • Lieutenant Governor Attorney General Down Ballot Controller |
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The New York gubernatorial and lieutenant gubernatorial election took place on November 4, 2014. Incumbent Gov. Andrew Cuomo (D) was eligible for re-election, as New York has no gubernatorial term limits. Lt. Gov. Robert Duffy (D) was first elected in 2010 and was eligible to seek re-election in 2014, although he opted not to run. In May 2014, Duffy announced his plans to retire as lieutenant governor after his first term, which ends in January 2015.[1] Cuomo was seeking re-election with lieutenant gubernatorial candidate Kathy Hochul, who was running to replace Duffy. The Cuomo/Hochul ticket defeated four other tickets including the Republican ticket of Rob Astorino and Chris Moss. Cuomo and Hochul won four-year terms in office.
A primary election is an election in which registered voters select a candidate that they believe should be a political party's candidate for elected office to run in the general election. They are also used to choose convention delegates and party leaders. Primaries are state-level and local-level elections that take place prior to a general election. New York utilizes a closed primary process, in which the selection of a party's candidates in an election is limited to registered party members.[2][3]
For information about which offices are nominated via primary election, see this article.
The gubernatorial race was not the only race on the November ballot with the potential to shift the balance of power in New York. The New York State Senate was identified by Ballotpedia as one of the top 20 legislative chambers to watch in 2014. Both legislative chambers and the governor's office were held by a single party before November 4, making New York a state government trifecta. Republicans took control of the New York State Senate, which eliminated the state's trifecta status. Learn more about the chamber's most competitive races in 2014 on the battleground chambers page.
Candidates
General election
Andrew Cuomo/Kathy Hochul (also ran on the Working Families Party, the Women's Equality Party and the 
Independence Party lines)
[4]
Rob Astorino/Chris Moss (also ran on the 
Conservative Party and "Stop Common Core" lines)[5][4]
Howie Hawkins/Brian Jones[6]
Michael McDermott/Chris Edes (nominated at party convention)[7]
Sapient Party - Steven Cohn/Bobby K. Kalotee[8]
Lost in primary
Gubernatorial
Zephyr Teachout - Fordham University Law professor[9]
Randy Credico[8]
Lieutenant gubernatorial
Lost at convention
Gubernatorial
Nathan LeBron[11][12]
Richard Cooper - manufacturing executive and Libertarian activist[13][12]
Lieutenant gubernatorial
Chris Edes - Libertarian activist (nominated for lieutenant governor instead)[14][12]
Did not qualify
Racquel McPherson
Sam Sloan
Nenad Bach[4]
Life and Justice Party candidate Michael J. Carey[8]
Rent is 2 Damn High - Jimmy McMillan/Christalle Felix[8]
Did not file by deadline
Steven McLaughlin - State Assemblyman[15]
Carl Paladino - 2010 Republican candidate for governor[16]
John Studer - Socialist Workers Party candidate[17]
Results
General election
| Governor and Lieutenant Governor of New York, 2014 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes | |
| Democratic | Andrew Cuomo/Kathy Hochul Incumbent |
54.3% | 2,069,480 | |
| Republican | Rob Astorino/Chris Moss | 40.3% | 1,536,879 | |
| Green | Howie Hawkins/Brian Jones | 4.8% | 184,419 | |
| Libertarian | Michael McDermott/Chris Edes | 0.4% | 16,967 | |
| Sapient | Steven Cohn/Bobby K. Kalotee | 0.1% | 4,963 | |
| Total Votes | 3,812,708 | |||
| Election results via New York State Board of Elections | ||||
Primary election
Gubernatorial
| Governor of New York, Democratic Primary, 2014 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Candidate | Vote % | Votes | ||
| Andrew Cuomo Incumbent |
62.9% | 361,380 | ||
| Zephyr Teachout | 33.5% | 192,210 | ||
| Randy Credico | 3.6% | 20,760 | ||
| Total Votes | 574,350 | |||
| Election results via New York State Board of Elections. | ||||
Note: The remaining general election candidates were nominated in party conventions or petitioned to join the gubernatorial race.
Lieutenant gubernatorial
| Lieutenant Governor of New York, Democratic Primary, 2014 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Candidate | Vote % | Votes | ||
| Kathy Hochul |
60.2% | 329,089 | ||
| Tim Wu | 39.8% | 217,614 | ||
| Total Votes | 546,703 | |||
| Election results via New York State Board of Elections. | ||||
Note: The remaining general election candidates were nominated in party conventions or petitioned to join the gubernatorial race without a primary.
Race background
Efforts to create additional ballot lines
Cuomo and Rob Astorino (R) spent time this summer seeking petitions for additional ballot lines in the November 4 general election. Astorino joined with three other Republican candidates for statewide office to create a Stop Common Core ballot line for the general election. Supporters of Stop Common Core, who opposed implementation of Common Core education standards in New York, filed 62,000 signatures with the New York Board of Elections, far surpassing the threshold of 15,000 signatures after only two months of work. State law requires a minimum of 15,000 valid signatures, with at least 100 signatures from a majority of the state's 27 congressional districts. The addition of the Stop Common Core line allowed Astorino and fellow statewide candidates to run as Republican Party, Conservative Party, and Stop Common Core candidates.[18]
Lieutenant gubernatorial candidate Kathy Hochul (D) and supporters of Gov. Cuomo gathered signatures for a Women's Equality Party line, thereby increasing the Democratic ticket's haul of ballot lines to four. The party's state executive candidates were already running on the Democratic Party, Working Families Party, and Independence Party lines. The deadline for delivering at least 15,000 signatures from New York voters was August 19, and both efforts were successful.[18]
Residency challenge by Governor Cuomo
The New York Supreme Court began hearings on August 7, 2014, to determine if primary challenger Zephyr Teachout met the five-year residency requirement for ballot placement. A challenge was brought by Gov. Andrew Cuomo (D), sought re-election in November. Martin E. Connor, representing Cuomo's campaign, claimed that Teachout had not spent the previous years living continuously in New York. Teachout owned a cabin in Vermont, where she spent time in previous summers. Connor also noted that Teachout did not have a state driver's license or change her address to a New York residence until recently.[19]
Teachout supplied evidence to the court in support of her residency, including an account of her move from Vermont to North Carolina to New York in June 2009. She also provided her 2009 tax return with New York address, a Fordham Law School directory, and bank statements documenting purchases at New York businesses.[19] On August 11, Judge Edgar G. Walker ruled against Cuomo's residency challenge, keeping Teachout on the primary ballot. Cuomo appealed Walker's decision to a state Supreme Court panel, which upheld the decision to keep Teachout on the ballot on August 20, 2014.[20][21]
Polls
General election
| Major party candidates and "other" category | |||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Poll | Andrew Cuomo | Rob Astorino | Other | Undecided | Margin of error | Sample size | |||||||||||||
| New York Times/CBS News/YouGov October 16-23, 2014 | 56% | 31% | 1% | 11% | +/-2 | 4,506 | |||||||||||||
| Rasmussen Reports September 22-23, 2014 | 49% | 32% | 7% | 12% | +/-4 | 825 | |||||||||||||
| AVERAGES | 52.5% | 31.5% | 4% | 11.5% | +/-3 | 2,665.5 | |||||||||||||
| Note: The polls above may not reflect all polls that have been conducted in this race. Those displayed are a random sampling chosen by Ballotpedia staff. If you would like to nominate another poll for inclusion in the table, send an email to [email protected]. | |||||||||||||||||||
| New York Governor's Race 2014 - Cuomo vs. Astorino | |||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Poll | Andrew Cuomo | Rob Astorino | Other | Margin of error | Sample size | ||||||||||||||
| Wall Street Journal/NBC 4 New York/Marist July 28-31, 2014 | 54% | 23% | 24% | +/-3.4 | 1,039 | ||||||||||||||
| Siena College Poll July 13-16, 2014 | 60% | 23% | 17% | +/-3.5 | 774 | ||||||||||||||
| Siena College Poll June 8-12, 2014 | 57% | 21% | 21% | +/-3.4 | 835 | ||||||||||||||
| Quinnipiac University Poll May 14-19, 2014 | 57% | 28% | 16% | +/-2.9 | 1,129 | ||||||||||||||
| Siena College Poll April 12-17, 2014 | 58% | 28% | 14% | +/-3.5 | 772 | ||||||||||||||
| Siena College Poll March 16-20, 2014 | 61% | 26% | 13% | +/-3.4 | 813 | ||||||||||||||
| Marist Poll February 28 - March 3, 2014 | 65% | 25% | 10% | +/-3.4 | 827 | ||||||||||||||
| Quinnipiac University Poll February 6-10, 2014 | 58% | 24% | 18% | +/-2.5 | 1,488 | ||||||||||||||
| Siena College Poll Trends January 12-16, 2014 | 67% | 19% | 14% | +/-3.4 | 808 | ||||||||||||||
| Quinnipiac University Poll November 20-24, 2013 | 56% | 25% | 19% | +/-2.7 | 1,337 | ||||||||||||||
| AVERAGES | 59.3% | 24.2% | 16.6% | +/-3.21 | 982.2 | ||||||||||||||
| Note: The polls above may not reflect all polls that have been conducted in this race. Those displayed are a random sampling chosen by Ballotpedia staff. If you would like to nominate another poll for inclusion in the table, send an email to [email protected]. | |||||||||||||||||||
Other match-ups
| New York Governor's Race 2014 - Cuomo vs. Paladino | |||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Poll | Andrew Cuomo | Carl Paladino | Other | Margin of error | Sample size | ||||||||||||||
| Marist Poll February 28 - March 3, 2014 | 68% | 25% | 8% | +/-3.4 | 827 | ||||||||||||||
| Note: The polls above may not reflect all polls that have been conducted in this race. Those displayed are a random sampling chosen by Ballotpedia staff. If you would like to nominate another poll for inclusion in the table, send an email to [email protected]. | |||||||||||||||||||
Campaign media
Rob Astorino
|
Ad spending
The Wesleyan Media Project published a report on September 30, 2014, highlighting spending on gubernatorial races from September 12-25. This report found that Democratic and Republican groups spent a total of $46.84 million on TV ads in 15 states with gubernatorial elections. The following chart details the group's findings, including spending amounts and number of ads:[22]
Note: A bolded number indicates the highest total for this category. A number in italics is the lowest total for this category.
| Spending on TV ads, September 12-25, 2014 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| State | Total # of ads | % Democratic-leaning ads | % GOP-leaning ads | Total spending-Democratic leaning (in millions of $) | Total spending-GOP leaning (in millions of $) |
| Colorado | 2,460 | 83.1 | 16.9 | 1.35 | 0.39 |
| Connecticut | 2,312 | 61.7 | 38.3 | 1.48 | 0.89 |
| Florida | 20,111 | 38.5 | 61.5 | 4.07 | 6.64 |
| Georgia | 4,625 | 51.1 | 48.9 | 1.43 | 0.99 |
| Illinois | 7,793 | 63.5 | 36.5 | 4.17 | 3.5 |
| Iowa | 2,134 | 47.5 | 52.5 | 0.25 | 0.38 |
| Kansas | 5,024 | 45.7 | 54.3 | 0.85 | 1.17 |
| Maine | 3,281 | 42.3 | 57.7 | 0.46 | 0.32 |
| Michigan | 6,767 | 33.9 | 66.1 | 1.14 | 2.3 |
| Minnesota | 1,974 | 83.9 | 16.1 | 0.65 | 0.29 |
| New York | 4,926 | 61 | 39 | 2.18 | 0.88 |
| Pennsylvania | 3,263 | 50.9 | 49.1 | 1.58 | 1.23 |
| South Carolina | 2,883 | 39.1 | 60.9 | 0.33 | 0.38 |
| Texas | 10,330 | 33.4 | 66.6 | 2.24 | 2.93 |
| Wisconsin | 7,374 | 63.3 | 36.7 | 1.36 | 1.01 |
| TOTALS | 85,257 | 48.2 | 51.8 | 23.54 | 23.3 |
Past elections
2010
| New York Governor/Lt. Governor, 2010 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes | |
| Democratic | Andrew Cuomo/Robert Duffy |
61% | 2,910,876 | |
| Republican | Carl Paladino/Gregory Edwards | 32.5% | 1,547,857 | |
| Green | Howie Hawkins/Gloria Mattera | 1.3% | 59,906 | |
| Rent is 2 Damn High | Jimmy McMillan/No candidate | 0.9% | 41,129 | |
| Libertarian | Warren Redlich/Alden Link | 1% | 48,359 | |
| Anti-Prohibition | Kristin Davis/Tanya Gendelman | 0.4% | 20,421 | |
| Freedom | Charles Barron/Eva Doyle | 0.5% | 24,571 | |
| Blank | - | 2.3% | 107,823 | |
| Void | - | 0.1% | 3,963 | |
| Scattering | - | 0.1% | 4,836 | |
| Total Votes | 4,769,741 | |||
| Election results via New York State Board of Elections | ||||
Voter turnout
Political scientist Michael McDonald's United States Elections Project studied voter turnout in the 2014 election by looking at the percentage of eligible voters who headed to the polls. McDonald used voting-eligible population (VEP), or the number of eligible voters independent of their current registration status, to calculate turnout rates in each state on November 4. He also incorporated ballots cast for the highest office in each state into his calculation. He estimated that 81,687,059 ballots were cast in the 50 states plus the District of Columbia, representing 35.9 percent of the VEP.[23] By comparison, 61.6 percent of VEP voted in the 2008 presidential election and 58.2 percent of VEP voted in the 2012 presidential election.[24]
Quick facts
- According to PBS Newshour, voter turnout in the 2014 midterms was the lowest since the 1942 midterms, which took place during the nation's involvement in World War II.[25]
- Forty-three states and the District of Columbia failed to surpass 50 percent turnout in McDonald's analysis.
- The three states with the lowest turnout according to McDonald's analysis were Texas (28.3 percent), Tennessee (28.6 percent), and Indiana (28.8 percent).
- Maine (58.5 percent), Wisconsin (56.5 percent), and Colorado (54.5 percent) were the three states with the highest turnout.
- There were only 12 states that increased voter turnout in 2014 compared to the 2010 midterm elections.[26]
| Voter turnout rates, 2014 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| State | Total votes counted | % voter eligible population | Top statewide office up for election | Size of lead (Raw votes) | Size of lead (%) |
| Alabama | 1,191,274 | 33.2 | Governor | 320,319 | 27.2 |
| Alaska | 285,431 | 54.4 | Governor | 4,004 | 1.6 |
| Arizona | 1,537,671 | 34.1 | Governor | 143,951 | 12.5 |
| Arkansas | 852,642 | 40.1 | Governor | 118,664 | 14.0 |
| California | 7,513,972 | 30.8 | Governor | 1,065,748 | 17.8 |
| Colorado | 2,080,071 | 54.5 | Governor | 50,395 | 2.4 |
| Connecticut | 1,096,509 | 42.5 | Governor | 26,603 | 2.5 |
| Delaware | 234,038 | 34.4 | Attorney General | 31,155 | 13.6 |
| District of Columbia | 177,176 | 35.8 | Mayor | 27,934 | 19.0 |
| Florida | 6,026,802 | 43.3 | Governor | 66,127 | 1.1 |
| Georgia | 2,596,947 | 38.5 | Governor | 202,685 | 8.0 |
| Hawaii | 369,554 | 36.5 | Governor | 45,323 | 12.4 |
| Idaho | 445,307 | 39.6 | Governor | 65,852 | 14.9 |
| Illinois | 3,680,417 | 40.9 | Governor | 171,900 | 4.9 |
| Indiana | 1,387,622 | 28.8 | Secretary of State | 234,978 | 17.8 |
| Iowa | 1,142,284 | 50.2 | Governor | 245,548 | 21.8 |
| Kansas | 887,023 | 43.4 | Governor | 33,052 | 3.9 |
| Kentucky | 1,435,868 | 44.0 | U.S. Senate | 222,096 | 15.5 |
| Louisiana | 1,472,039 | 43.8 | U.S. Senate | 16,401 | 1.1 |
| Maine | 616,996 | 58.5 | Governor | 29,820 | 4.9 |
| Maryland | 1,733,177 | 41.5 | Governor | 88,648 | 6.1 |
| Massachusetts | 2,186,789 | 44.6 | Governor | 40,361 | 1.9 |
| Michigan | 3,188,956 | 43.2 | Governor | 129,547 | 4.3 |
| Minnesota | 1,992,613 | 50.5 | Governor | 109,776 | 5.6 |
| Mississippi | 631,858 | 28.9 | U.S. Senate | 141,234 | 33.0 |
| Missouri | 1,426,303 | 31.8 | Auditor | 684,074 | 53.6 |
| Montana | 373,831 | 47.3 | U.S. Senate | 65,262 | 17.9 |
| Nebraska | 552,115 | 41.5 | Governor | 97,678 | 18.7 |
| Nevada | 547,349 | 29.0 | Governor | 255,793 | 46.7 |
| New Hampshire | 495,565 | 48.4 | Governor | 24,924 | 5.2 |
| New Jersey | 1,955,042 | 32.5 | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| New Mexico | 512,805 | 35.7 | Governor | 73,868 | 14.6 |
| New York | 3,930,310 | 29.0 | Governor | 476,252 | 13.4 |
| North Carolina | 2,939,767 | 41.2 | U.S. Senate | 48,511 | 1.7 |
| North Dakota | 255,128 | 45.0 | U.S. House At-large seat | 42,214 | 17.1 |
| Ohio | 3,149,876 | 36.2 | Governor | 933,235 | 30.9 |
| Oklahoma | 824,831 | 29.8 | Governor | 122,060 | 14.7 |
| Oregon | 1,541,782 | 53.5 | Governor | 59,029 | 4.5 |
| Pennsylvania | 3,495,866 | 36.0 | Governor | 339,261 | 9.8 |
| Rhode Island | 329,212 | 42.2 | Governor | 14,346 | 4.5 |
| South Carolina | 1,261,611 | 35.2 | Governor | 179,089 | 14.6 |
| South Dakota | 282,291 | 44.9 | Governor | 124,865 | 45.1 |
| Tennessee | 1,374,065 | 28.6 | Governor | 642,214 | 47.5 |
| Texas | 4,727,208 | 28.3 | Governor | 957,973 | 20.4 |
| Utah | 577,973 | 30.2 | Attorney General | 173,819 | 35.2 |
| Vermont | 193,087 | 38.8 | Governor | 2,095 | 1.1 |
| Virginia | 2,194,346 | 36.6 | U.S. Senate | 16,727 | 0.8 |
| Washington | 2,123,901 | 43.1 | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| West Virginia | 451,498 | 31.2 | U.S. Senate | 124,667 | 27.6 |
| Wisconsin | 2,410,314 | 56.5 | Governor | 137,607 | 5.7 |
| Wyoming | 168,390 | 39.3 | Governor | 52,703 | 33.6 |
Note: Information from the United States Elections Project was last updated on December 16, 2014.
Campaign finance
Governor/Lt. Governor (general election)
Comprehensive donor information for this election has been collected by Follow the Money. Based on available campaign finance records, the candidates raised a total of $54,281,601 during the election. This information was last updated on March 25, 2015.[27]
| Campaign Contribution Totals | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Candidate | Office | Result | Contributions | |
| Andrew Cuomo/Kathy Hochul |
New York Governor/Lt. Governor |  |
$48,027,072 | |
| Rob Astorino/Chris Moss |
New York Governor/Lt. Governor |  |
$6,067,591 | |
| Howie Hawkins/Brian Jones |
New York Governor/Lt. Governor | |
$186,223 | |
| Michael McDermott/Chris Edes |
New York Governor/Lt. Governor | |
$715 | |
| Steven Cohn/Bobby K. Kalotee |
New York Governor/Lt. Governor | |
$0 | |
| Jimmy McMillan/Christalle Felix |
New York Governor/Lt. Governor | |
$0 | |
| Grand Total Raised | $54,281,601 | |||
Governor (primary only)
Comprehensive donor information for this election has been collected by Follow the Money. Based on available campaign finance records, the candidates raised a total of $718,480 during the election. This information was last updated on June 8, 2015.[28]
| Campaign Contribution Totals | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Candidate | Office | Result | Contributions | |
| Zephyr Teachout |
New York Governor | |
$718,480 | |
| Andrew Cuomo |
New York Governor | |
$0 | |
| Randy Credico |
New York Governor | |
$0 | |
| Rob Astorino |
New York Governor | |
$0 | |
| Howie Hawkins |
New York Governor | |
$0 | |
| Grand Total Raised | $718,480 | |||
Lt. Governor (primary only)
Comprehensive donor information for this election has been collected by Follow the Money. Based on available campaign finance records, the candidates raised a total of $221,478 during the election. This information was last updated on June 8, 2015.[29]
| Campaign Contribution Totals | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Candidate | Office | Result | Contributions | |
| Tim Wu |
New York Lt. Governor | |
$221,478 | |
| Kathy Hochul |
New York Lt. Governor | |
$0 | |
| Chris Moss |
New York Lt. Governor | |
$0 | |
| Brian Jones |
New York Lt. Governor | |
$0 | |
| Grand Total Raised | $221,478 | |||
Key deadlines
| Deadline | Event |
|---|---|
| July 10, 2014 | Filing deadline for state offices |
| September 9, 2014 | Primary election |
| November 4, 2014 | General election |
| January 1, 2015 | Inauguration of state executive officers |
Ballotpedia reports
To learn more about developments in these races, check out the following news articles from Ballotpedia:
- New York state executive primary elections review: Andrew Cuomo holds off challenger in Democratic race
- Moreland commission causes controversy for Governor Cuomo
- Filing deadline review: New York state executives primary 2014
Recent news
This section links to a Google news search for the term "New + York + governor + elections"
See also
- Governor of New York
- Lieutenant Governor of New York
- New York state executive official elections, 2014
- State executive official elections, 2014
External links
Footnotes
- ↑ Newsday, "Duffy says departure was his decision; Bellone in the mix for lieutenant governor," May 8, 2014
- ↑ National Conference of State Legislatures, "State Primary Election Types," accessed October 8, 2024
- ↑ New York State Senate, "Consolidated Laws of New York § 17-17-102," accessed October 8, 2024
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 New York State Board of Elections, "Candidate Petition List," accessed July 10, 2014 Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "2014filing" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ New York Daily News, "Rob Astorino's Potential Governor Run Gets Encouragement, No Promises, From Chris Christie (UPDATED)," November 25, 2013
- ↑ HowieHawkins.org, "Hawkins steps up to take on Cuomo, Governor 1%," January 16, 2014 (dead link)
- ↑ Michael McDermott New York Governor 2014, "About," accessed April 21, 2014
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 New York State Board of Elections, "Candidate Petition List," accessed July 15, 2014
- ↑ New York Daily News, "Zephyr Teachout confirms plans for a Democratic primary against Gov. Cuomo," June 13, 2014
- ↑ New York Daily News, "Zephyr Teachout confirms plans for a Democratic primary against Gov. Cuomo," June 13, 2014
- ↑ News10, "Nathan LeBron seeks Libertarian endorsement for NY Governor run," February 27, 2014
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 The Libertarian Perty of Suffolk County, NY, "Michael McDermott to Lead Libertarian Team in Drive for Governor’s Race," April 27, 2014
- ↑ Richard Cooper for NY Governor, "About Richard," March 13, 2014
- ↑ Chris Edes for Governor, "About Chris," March 13, 2014
- ↑ New York Post, "Pol running for gov," June 17, 2013
- ↑ Huffington Post, "Carl Paladino Says He May Run For New York Governor As Conservative Party Candidate," August 26, 2013
- ↑ The Militant, "Socialist Workers candidates raise fighting demands for working class," May 12, 2014
- ↑ 18.0 18.1 Poughkeepsie Journal, "Astorino, GOP submit Stop Common Core ballot petitions," August 12, 2014
- ↑ 19.0 19.1 The New York Times, "Cuomo Contests New York Residency of Teachout Before Primary," August 6, 2014
- ↑ Governing, "New York Governor Loses Bid to Keep Opponent Off Ballot," August 12, 2014
- ↑ New York Daily News, "Zephyr Teachout cleared by state Supreme Court to run against Andrew Cuomo in Democratic primary," August 20, 2014
- ↑ Wesleyan Media Project, "GOP Groups Keeping Senate Contests Close," September 30, 2014
- ↑ United States Elections Project, "2014 November General Election Turnout Rates," November 7, 2014
- ↑ TIME, "Voter Turnout in Midterm Elections Hits 72-Year Low," November 10, 2014
- ↑ PBS, "2014 midterm election turnout lowest in 70 years," November 10, 2014
- ↑ U.S. News & World Report, "Midterm Turnout Down in 2014," November 5, 2014
- ↑ Follow the Money, "Overview of New York 2014 elections," accessed March 27, 2015
- ↑ Follow the Money, "Overview of New York 2014 elections," accessed June 8, 2015
- ↑ Follow the Money, "Overview of New York 2014 elections," accessed June 8, 2015
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