Mark Sanford (South Carolina)

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Mark Sanford
Image of Mark Sanford

Republican Party

Prior offices
Governor of South Carolina
U.S. House South Carolina District 1
Successor: Joe Cunningham
Predecessor: Tim Scott
Elections and appointments
Last election

August 24, 2020

Education

Bachelor's

Furman University

Graduate

University of Virginia

Military

Service / branch

U.S. Air Force Reserve

Years of service

2002 - 2011

Personal
Profession
Real Estate Executive
Contact

Campaign website

Campaign Facebook

Campaign Twitter 

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Mark Sanford (Republican Party) was a member of the U.S. House, representing South Carolina's 1st Congressional District. He assumed office on May 15, 2013. He left office on January 3, 2019.

Sanford (Republican Party) ran for election for President of the United States. He did not appear on the ballot for the Republican convention on August 24, 2020.

Sanford announced on September 8, 2019, that he was running for president of the United States. His official website said, "The purpose of this campaign is to spark a needed conversation as Republicans on what it means to be a Republican, and a larger national debate on why spending and debt, our American institutions – and civility and humility should still matter in politics."[1][2]

He suspended his presidential campaign on November 12, 2019.[3]

See Sanford's presidential campaign overview and Presidential candidates, 2020, for more information about the 2020 presidential election.

Biography

Sanford was born in 1960 in Fort Lauderdale, Florida. After graduating from Furman University with a B.A. in business in 1983, Sanford received his M.B.A. from the University of Virginia in 1988. He worked in real estate and managed his family farm before seeking elected office.[4][5]

Sanford was first elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1994, where he served from 1995 to 2001. He served as governor from 2003 to 2011, before returning to Congress for three terms from 2013 to 2019.[4]

From 2002 to 2011, Sanford was also a member of the U.S. Air Force Reserve.[4]

Committee assignments

U.S. House

2017-2018

At the beginning of the 115th Congress, Sanford was assigned to the following committees:[6]

2015-2016

Sanford served on the following committees:[7]

2013-2014

Sanford served on the following committees:[8]

  • Transportation and Infrastructure Committee
    • Subcommittee on Water, Resources and Environment
    • Subcommittee on Coastguard and Maritime Transportation
    • Subcommittee on Economic Development, Public Buildings and Emergency Management
  • Homeland Security Committee
    • Subcommittee on Emergency Preparedness, Response and Communications
    • Subcommittee on Transportation Security

Key votes

See also: Key votes

Ballotpedia monitors legislation that receives a vote and highlights the ones that we consider to be key to understanding where elected officials stand on the issues. To read more about how we identify key votes, click here.

Key votes: 115th Congress, 2017-2018

For detailed information about each vote, click here.

Key votes: Previous sessions of Congress

Issues

House Freedom Caucus

Sanford was a member of the House Freedom Caucus, according to reports by CNN and Roll Call released in March 2017. The House Freedom Caucus does not have an official membership list. Caucus membership was estimated to be roughly 29 members in March 2017.[118][119]

Presidential preference

2016 presidential endorsement

✓ Sanford endorsed Donald Trump for the 2016 presidential general election. Sanford endorsed Ted Cruz for the Republican presidential primary.[120][121]

See also: Endorsements for Donald Trump

Republicans who opposed Trump in 2016

See also: Republicans and their declared positions on Donald Trump

In early 2016, Sanford was part of a group of Republican members of Congress who said they would not endorse or vote for Donald Trump. On March 1, 2016, Sanford said, "Not that political views mean anything in this year, but because I believe in constitutionally limited government, his [Trump's] candidacy is one I certainly can’t support."[122]

A full list of Republicans who opposed Trump can be viewed here.

On August 16, 2016, Sanford announced that he would support Trump. Sanford wrote in a New York Times op-ed, “I am a conservative Republican who, though I have no stomach for his personal style and his penchant for regularly demeaning others, intends to support my party’s nominee because of the importance of filling the existing vacancy on the Supreme Court, and others that might open in the next four years.”[123]

Elections

2020

Presidency

See also: Presidential candidates, 2020

Former Vice President Joe Biden (D) won the presidential election on November 3, 2020. Biden received 306 electoral votes and President Donald Trump (R) received 232 electoral votes. In the national popular vote, Biden received 81.2 million votes and Trump received 74.2 million votes.

Sanford announced that he was running for president on September 8, 2019.[1] He suspended his presidential campaign on November 12, 2019.[3]

Ballotpedia compiled the following resources about Sanford and the 2020 presidential election:

Click here for Sanford's 2020 presidential campaign overview.

2018

See also: South Carolina's 1st Congressional District election, 2018

General election

General election for U.S. House South Carolina District 1

Joe Cunningham defeated Katie Arrington in the general election for U.S. House South Carolina District 1 on November 6, 2018.

Candidate
%
Votes
✔
Image of Joe Cunningham
Joe Cunningham (D)
 
50.6
 
145,455
Image of Katie Arrington
Katie Arrington (R)
 
49.2
 
141,473
 Other/Write-in votes
 
0.2
 
505

There were no incumbents in this race. The results have been certified. Source

Total votes: 287,433
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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Democratic primary election

Democratic primary for U.S. House South Carolina District 1

Joe Cunningham defeated Toby Smith in the Democratic primary for U.S. House South Carolina District 1 on June 12, 2018.

Candidate
%
Votes
✔
Image of Joe Cunningham
Joe Cunningham
 
71.5
 
23,493
Image of Toby Smith
Toby Smith
 
28.5
 
9,366

There were no incumbents in this race. The results have been certified.

Total votes: 32,859
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.

Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team.

Republican primary election

Republican primary for U.S. House South Carolina District 1

Katie Arrington defeated incumbent Mark Sanford and Dimitri Cherny in the Republican primary for U.S. House South Carolina District 1 on June 12, 2018.

Candidate
%
Votes
✔
Image of Katie Arrington
Katie Arrington
 
50.6
 
33,153
Image of Mark Sanford
Mark Sanford
 
46.5
 
30,496
Image of Dimitri Cherny
Dimitri Cherny
 
2.9
 
1,932

Incumbents are bolded and underlined. The results have been certified.

Total votes: 65,581
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.

Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team.

2016

See also: South Carolina's 1st Congressional District election, 2016

Heading into the election, Ballotpedia rated this race as safely Republican. Incumbent Mark Sanford (R) defeated Dimitri Cherny (D), Michael Grier Jr. (Libertarian), and Albert Travison (American) in the general election on November 8, 2016. Sanford defeated Jenny Horne in the Republican primary on June 14, 2016.[124][125]

U.S. House, South Carolina District 1 General Election, 2016
Party Candidate Vote % Votes
     Republican Green check mark transparent.pngMark Sanford Incumbent 58.6% 190,410
     Democratic Dimitri Cherny 36.8% 119,799
     Libertarian Michael Grier Jr. 3.6% 11,614
     American Albert Travison 0.9% 2,774
     N/A Write-in 0.2% 593
Total Votes 325,190
Source: South Carolina Secretary of State


U.S. House, South Carolina District 1 Republican Primary, 2016
Candidate Vote % Votes
Green check mark transparent.pngMark Sanford Incumbent 55.6% 21,299
Jenny Horne 44.4% 17,001
Total Votes 38,300
Source: South Carolina Secretary of State

2014

See also: South Carolina's 1st Congressional District elections, 2014

Sanford won re-election to the U.S. House to represent South Carolina's 1st District on November 4, 2014. Sanford ran unopposed in the Republican primary.

Election results

U.S. House, South Carolina District 1 General Election, 2014
Party Candidate Vote % Votes
     Republican Green check mark transparent.pngMark Sanford Incumbent 93.4% 119,392
     N/A Write-in 6.6% 8,423
Total Votes 127,815
Source: South Carolina State Election Commission

2013

See also: South Carolina's 1st Congressional District special election, 2013

Sanford won election to the U.S. House representing the 1st Congressional District of South Carolina. The election was held to replace Tim Scott, who was appointed to fill Jim DeMint's vacant seat in the U.S. Senate.[126] Sanford ran in the Republican primary against Keith Blandford, Curtis Bostic, Ric Bryant, Larry Grooms, Jonathan Hoffman, Jeff King, John Kuhn, Tim Larkin, Chip Limehouse, Peter McCoy, Elizabeth Moffly, Ray Nash, Andy Patrick, Shawn Pinkston and Teddy Turner on March 19, 2013.[127] He then defeated Curtis Bostic in the runoff primary on April 2, 2013.[128][129] He defeated Elizabeth Colbert-Busch (D) and Eugene Platt (G) in the general election on May 7, 2013.[130]

U.S. House, South Carolina District 1 General Special Election, 2013
Party Candidate Vote % Votes
     Republican Green check mark transparent.pngMark Sanford 54% 77,600
     Democratic Elizabeth Colbert-Busch 45.2% 64,961
     Green Eugene Platt 0.5% 690
     N/A Write-in 0.3% 384
Total Votes 143,635
Source: South Carolina Election Board, "Official Special Election Results"
U.S. House, South Carolina District 1 Special Runoff Republican Primary, 2013
Candidate Vote % Votes
Green check mark transparent.pngMark Sanford 56.6% 26,127
Curtis Bostic 43.4% 20,044
Total Votes 46,171
Source: Official results via South Carolina State Election Commission[131]
U.S. House, South Carolina District 1 Special Republican Primary, 2013
Candidate Vote % Votes
Green check mark transparent.pngMark Sanford 36.9% 19,854
Green check mark transparent.pngCurtis Bostic 13.3% 7,168
Ric Bryant 0.2% 87
Larry Grooms 12.4% 6,673
Jonathan Hoffman 0.7% 360
Jeff King 0.4% 211
John Kuhn 6.5% 3,479
Tim Larkin 0.7% 393
Harry "Chip" Limehouse 6.1% 3,279
Peter McCoy 1.6% 867
Elizabeth Moffly 1% 530
Ray Nash 4.7% 2,508
Andy Patrick 7% 3,783
Shawn Pinkston 0.3% 154
Keith Blandford 0.4% 195
Teddy Turner 7.9% 4,252
Total Votes 53,793
Source: Official results via South Carolina State Election Commission[132]

Full history


Noteworthy events

While serving as governor, Sanford had an extramarital affair with Maria Belen Chapur. While taking an undisclosed trip to Argentina, where Chapur lived, Sanford's office said he was hiking in the Appalachians. Sanford later admitted the affair and apologized. He resigned from his position as chair of the Republican Governors Association and completed his second term in office.[136]

Campaign themes

2020

The following campaign themes and issues were published on Sanford's presidential campaign website:[137]

“ America is made stronger by the fact that we all have different starting points in viewing the challenges that confront America and how best to make more real the American dream for each one of us and those we love. What follows is a sampling of my own starting points on a number of issues. The list below is not a conclusive list, but it's a starting point to give you and idea of how I approach things.

All legislative questions for me begin with a look through the prism of conservative philosophy, but given how convoluted this term has gotten lately let me define what it means to me.

I believe conservative philosophy is designed to maximize our individual aspirations in achieving what we believe makes the American dream. Maximizing individual freedom, personal autonomy and allowing discretion in one’s own pursuit of happiness are building blocks to getting there. Sustaining it rests on a political system that should afford all of us rising levels of opportunity based on our own talents and work ethic – and equity and fairness in getting there. These two things are vital to sustaining any political or economic system across generations.

The founding fathers knew that the pursuit of happiness was inherently individualistic in nature given our unique design by God. Collective pursuits of happiness could never work because what was heavenly for one person might be hell for the next. Accordingly I believe in individual liberty, private property, the rule of law, competitive free enterprise, limited and frugal government, strong local communities, fiscal and personal responsibility and civility in public life because they are all building blocks to keeping the American Dream. These things are vital to rewarding work and initiative and maximizing individual discretion in pursuing one's own definition of “the pursuit of happiness.” Finally these things are key to sustaining a government that can protect these liberties and a commercial sector that can sustain both individual and government needs for money.

I believe the guidebook to keeping all of these moving parts in their proper order is the United States Constitution, and in as much as we adhere to its limitations there will be expanded opportunities for each one of us.

Debts and Deficits

I have said much here, but one final point is that deficit spending in times of peace and prosperity ultimately runs counter to the founding father’s mighty belief that there should be no taxation without representation. This makes whats occuring here a social equity and moral question on whether we really believe it's acceptable to enjoy government services now and hand the bill to the next generation for their payment.

Government Spending

I believe government spends too much. America was founded on the notion of liberty, and we were indeed promised life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. Through the ages, there has always been a tension between government’s growth and freedom itself. Jefferson considered it a battle line wherein as one grew, the other declined, and vice versa – and he warned that the normal course of things was for government to gain ground and for liberty to yield. Holding governments growth back is not about the spending ultimately, but rather about preserving our incredibly fragile gift of liberty.

Taxes

For the last fifty years, Americans have sent in about 18% of GDP (the whole of all that is spent and consumed in our country) in taxes each year to the federal government. I do not believe this number should go up, but I do believe we could move to a fairer and simpler tax system along the lines of a fair tax or flat tax. Presently, more than a trillion dollars a year is carved out in the form of tax exemptions, and I believe a flatter and broader tax system would be helpful to individual liberty, job creation, and American competitiveness.

Healthcare

There will always be unlimited demand for a product that someone else pays for, and this well describes much of the current construct around healthcare. People feel as if they are spending someone else's money – whether that comes from the government or an insurance company. Furthermore, they don’t know the price, and differences in outcomes are not transparent. In short, there is no healthcare marketplace, and I believe bettering the system relies on creating one.

It’s for these reasons that Senator Rand Paul and I introduced the Obamacare Replacement Act in 2017. Among other things, it would legalize people buying the health insurance they needed, rather than the health insurance the government prescribed. It would allow people to deduct the cost of their insurance the way employers can with employees. It would bolster Health Savings Accounts, create competition across state lines and even incorporate some of the good ideas found in Obamacare – such as allowing children to stay on their parents plan until the age of 26 and protecting those with preexisting conditions.

I also think a good healthcare system should be built around incentivizing good healthcare decisions. We spend more than all other industrialized nations and yet have poorer health care outcomes. There is something wrong in a system that will not differentiate between the smoker and nonsmoker, or the person who watches what they eat and drink and those that don't. Similarly, working to make certain that healthcare decisions are between a doctor and a patient – not a patient and a government or insurance bureaucrat, I believe vital.

Immigration

I view the immigration issue primarily through the principle of fairness and the rule of law. To have a thousand people a day illegally crossing our border, or for that matter, overstaying their visa, is to make a mockery of the rule of law. It's also not fair to the millions who are either waiting for their chance to come to our country, or have already gone through the legal immigration process. My votes and stands in Congress and the Governorship have been consistent with this view.

I believe in a secure border. I have voted for wall funding, and also believe we need to update the amnesty laws in our country. I believe furthermore that we should increase the number of work permits to our country, end chain migration, and move from a family reunification system to a merit based system that attracts the skill sets we need to make America more competitive.

Conservation

I have long believed that the notion of conservatism should apply to more than just financial resources. It should apply to natural resources as well.

This fits with the biblical concept of stewardship, that we should do our part to leave the world better than we found it. It fits with the historic leadership that many great Republicans have offered over the years on the environment and conservation. It also fits with common sense because the open space around us, the air we breath and the water we drink very much impacts our ability to be productive and enjoy life.

People oftentimes forget that it was Teddy Roosevelt that founded our national park system. He recognized that there were special places in our country that should be preserved, not only as monuments to honor America’s past – but as monuments in the way that open space was vital to how we live today. It’s for that reason that when I was Governor I set aside more land than during any other governorship in South Carolina history. For these efforts and others, I was even recognized and endorsed by the Sierra Club and a variety of other conservation-minded organizations. In short, I don't think that being conservative or Republican should be viewed as being against conservation or the environment.

Education

There are only two ways to raise individual productivity and the wages that come with added levels of production – in investment that leverages our ability and through education that enhances our abilities. Education is key, and to compete effectively in the 21st Century its vital everyone of us recognize how lifelong learning is important. It must start early, and it's never finished. In this I believe in as many choices as possible that reflect the different ways we learn.

Climate Change

I’ve seen first hand rising sea levels over the course of my life at our family farm in the low country of South Carolina. In areas where pine trees once stood, there are now salt flats. On this issue, the scientific consensus fits with what I’ve seen firsthand, and that is that it's real. I think it's important to listen to what the scientific community has said here. After all, It makes no sense to say that one believes in the modern advances of science and the way they can cure and heal the human body, but then discount what science says in other areas of our lives.

The problem in my view has not been in whether or not it may be real, but in how we do something about it. I do not believe in things like the Kyoto Protocol, that would tie America and Western Europe to one standard, but hold China and India to a completely different standard, even though the overwhelming growth of new emissions will come these two places.

Foreign Policy

I believe in Teddy Roosevelt's notion of speaking softly, but carrying a big stick. To do this, we must maintain a strong economy, because economic supremacy has always been the precursor to military supremacy. Among other things, this once again ties back to our own debt as a threat to our ability to protect power and maintain our place in the world.

I also believe that the international trading system, created after World War Two, vital to America’s foreign policy. In this light, stability and predictability are important. Friends and foes alike need to have a sense of what America will do next. Alliances and investments are not made without predictability. We are not getting this from the White House and I believe the increasing talks of tariffs, and the seemingly daily changes of presidential perspective are undermining our standing in the world.

Federal Reserve Policy

I believe that the dual mandate on FED policy will prove untenable and that there are real limits to the FED’s ability to drive jobs and wages on a sustained basis. I believe bettering the economy is best done through legislative change, not financial engineering by unelected members of the Federal reserve. Bettering the economy is the role of Congress, and it comes in improving tax, regulatory, legal, and spending policies so that we create better playing fields for job creation and wage growth.[138]

”
—Sanford 2020[137]

2018

Sanford's campaign website highlighted the themes below.

Debt and Spending

The Nobel Prize winning economist Milton Friedman once observed that the ultimate measure of government was what it spent. While not the only measure, it is an important one because in many ways how free we are as individuals is determined by what we’re compelled to pay to government each year. Either we work for ourselves and our families, or for government.

In this vein each year, the Tax Foundation calculates “Tax Freedom Day” based upon what day individuals across the nation as a whole have earned enough money to pay off their taxes for the year. In 2012, that day was April 17th – so government spending is indeed a proxy for freedom. It’s horrifying if you really stop and think about this number and the trend behind it because it shows we will now spend nearly the first four months of each year working for government. Worse still is that with the present trends in federal spending we are headed to some form of indentured servitude where over 70 percent of our day, week and month go to government, if there is no change to the spending juggernaut in Washington.

Encouragingly, Mark’s record is second to none in holding spending in check – and in fighting debts and deficit spending.

Mark was rated number one in the entire United States Congress by both Citizens Against Government Waste and the National Taxpayers Union for his efforts to limit federal spending and taxation. Similarly the CATO Institute ranked Mark the most financially conservative Governor in America, calling him “a staunch supporter of spending restraint and pro-growth tax reforms.”

As governor, he eliminated nearly $1 billion in deficits and debts inherited from the previous administration.

He proposed the first operational Executive Branch budget in state history, a significant step into what had been the exclusive sandbox of the State Legislature…but one that paid real dividends for the taxpayer as $260 million in vetoes were sustained in 2010 alone. These budgets were guidebooks in each of his eight years on reducing spending, and restructuring and modernizing state government – from which a whole host of other savings came.

After two years of conflict with the legislature over their “Competitive Grants” slush fund – a backdoor way in which legislators of both parties were able to send pork back to their district – he succeeded in getting his veto of the program sustained – saving taxpayers $46 million per year.

For years, legislators had circumvented the accountability that would come with a transparent budget process through a secret process called a “pass through,” where they would put unallocated dollars in an agency budget, then tell the agency how to spend it after the budget had passed. He signed an Executive Order eliminating pass-through spending for all the agencies in his Cabinet.

It was also standard practice in Columbia for legislators to “bobtail” special projects to unrelated bills, costing taxpayers millions. It prevented accountability to the taxpayer because it enabled any legislator to be for, or against a bill, because there were so many different things in the bill. If you didn’t like a part of the bill, they could agree with you as they would inevitably be “against” that part too. The most famous example of this was the Life Sciences bill, which started as a relatively narrow group of economic development incentives but morphed into a laundry list of unrelated things attached like adding four year status for USC-Sumter. Governor Sanford fought the practice of bobtailing all the way to the state Supreme Court, and ultimately won.

With regard to federal spending Mark believes entitlement reform is key simply because that is where the bulk of all federal spending takes place. He believes programs like Social Security and Medicare represent a promise to our citizens that must be kept for existing beneficiaries, but that we have to modernize these programs for future retirees so that they will be sustainable for future generations. Without entitlement reform, the Congressional Budget Office now predicts than in just eleven years there will only be enough federal revenue to cover interest on the national debt and entitlements….leaving nothing left for defense, or any other area of federal spending.

Mark had a strong record as governor in pushing for fundamental changes to the healthcare delivery system, for instance he was the first governor in the nation to successfully push for a Health Savings Account option for Medicaid. In addition, he was consistently on the leading edge of proposed reforms in Congress that were aimed at solvency for Medicare and Social Security.

Mark believes in, and would push for, a federal balanced budget amendment – but he has never waited for its arrival to push and vote for budgets that were balanced.

He believes that immigration, at the end of the day, is both an issue of national sovereignty and closely tied to the total cost of government; accordingly he believes it should be limited. He believes that the current Senate bill does not do enough to address our country’s core needs in the immigration debate and to address the hidden costs in our current immigration policy that will lead to continued demand for illegal immigration.

Finally he believes that federalism, the idea of pushing power and authority out of Washington and down to states and even the most local government possible, is a critical tool to getting our nation’s financial house in order.

Jobs and the Economy

Mark has spent his entire time in Congress and the governorship pushing for private enterprise and free market solutions over government control, regulation and growth. Mark believes a business playing field that allows companies to freely compete, without government control and directive, is the most basic and important foundation to growth in jobs and the economy. The political philosopher F. A. Hayek, called attempts by politicians to better the marketplace through government regulations as the “fatal conceit”…he was right – because what those in government never fully comprehend are the ways in which the market moves so much faster than those in government. Adams Smith’s so called invisible hand always has, and always will, move faster than the wheels of government.

He believes there is also a direct tie between our nation’s financial health, and the health of the economy. So quite simply, Mark’s vision for creating jobs and economic opportunity is about not only holding the line on spending, but also about getting government out of the way and thereby creating the right “soil conditions” for businesses to grow and thrive.

His record as governor bears that out, as his administration’s efforts attracted $24 billion in capital investment, more investment than during any other eight year period in South Carolina history. This includes Boeing’s $750 million investment in Charleston.

Consistently his team worked toward the basics that further attract financial capital – open markets, private property rights, a limited and effective government, a fair legal climate, an educated work force, and good physical infrastructure. So for instance, after a two-and-a-half year fight with the legislature, including members of his own party, the governor signed the first cut to the marginal income tax rate in state history. This finally brought the 7% tax rate for small businesses, partnerships and limited liability companies down to the 5% level that corporations were paying. He also signed the largest recurring tax cut in state history, for an annual savings to taxpayers of an additional $220 million.

For years, South Carolina was ranked as a “judicial hellhole,” in part because of the undue influence that lawyer-legislators were able to place on the judges they appointed. Mark changed that, by signing a tort reform bill that restricted and capped frivolous lawsuits, put caps on medical malpractice and ended the practice of venue shopping. Mark also signed a workers’ compensation reform bill that established rules for medical evidence and guidelines for “repetitive trauma” injuries which helped curb sometimes politically-tainted workers comp claims.

The Port of Charleston is perhaps the most critical piece of infrastructure to the state of South Carolina, and a gateway for billions in economic activity. As governor, Mark fought against the legislature’s attempts to micromanage the Port’s activity, and worked to make sure the Ports Authority was more directly accountable to the people of South Carolina.

Mark supports efforts to dredge the main shipping channel to at least 50 feet in order to accommodate post-Panamax vessels.

Mark has also been a staunch advocate of developing port capacity in Jasper County, having forged a bi-state compact with Georgia as governor to begin development there.

When it comes to infrastructure, South Carolina receives only about .85 cents on every dollar in federal gas tax it sends to DC. As a Congressman, Mark fought to correct that inequity and will continue to do so if elected in 2013. Mark believes that all federal highway spending should be block-granted to the states, free of federal mandates and earmarks. States, cities and counties know better where to allocate transportation dollars than Congress. As governor, he fought for restructuring legislation that for the first time since its creation in 1917 made the state DOT accountable to the Executive Branch, and took steps toward taking the politics and legislative micromanagement out of the road-building process.

Mark went to bat for small business again, when he opposed and twice vetoed legislation that gave $9 million in special incentives to big-box retailers, like Cabela’s and Bass Pro Shop, that weren’t available to their mom-and-pop store competitors.

Mark’s results speak for themselves – during his governorship, South Carolina added 3,000 small businesses, and ranked 15th in the nation in employment growth.

Mark believes in a fairer, flatter and simpler tax structure conducive to economic growth, like the Fair Tax and the Flat Tax, and is opposed to special carve-outs that bail out one class of business at the expense of others.

Of many other additional tools to better our economy, he believes energy independence and more job-creating domestic energy production is vital. He has also been a long time advocate for market-based education reform at the state and federal level, believing that school choice is a key in creating a better educational system so important to economic competitiveness.

Healthcare Reform

As in so many others area of government, Mark believes we should look for ways of getting more out of the government that we pay for – and this is especially the case in government healthcare. As a country we now spend more than twice the average of other industrialized nations, but have far poorer healthcare outcomes on a host of categories ranging from infant mortality to average life span.

For this reason, Mark has been a long time advocate of market-based solutions to healthcare reform. His administration was the first in the country to receive a waiver from the federal government to offer a statewide system of Health Savings Accounts to the Medicaid population.

He believes that healthcare coverage should be portable and that we should ultimately move toward a primary payer system given it was oddly the wage and price controls of World War II that originally coupled employment and healthcare. As noted earlier he has long been a proponent of legal reform as a way of avoiding much of the defensive medicine now currently forced on doctors, the medical community and patients. As governor he fought the legislative body’s attempts to broaden medical eligibility on a host of categories believing that it did not make common sense to add to programs we were already unable to pay for and sustain.

At the state level Medicaid was nine percent of our budget 10 years ago, 19 percent today and on our way to 29 percent in ten years. The federal government’s numbers are even worse and though our country has the finest healthcare treatment system in the world, its cost and access remain a problem. Consequently there have been many proposed solutions – Obamacare, with its $503 billion in new taxes and fees over the next 10 years, being the latest. Mark would work with others in Congress to repeal Obamacare because of its costs and inconsistency with market principals.

National Defense

Mark believes one of the core functions of our federal government lies in providing for our nation’s defense, as outlined by Article 1, Section 8 of the Constitution. He believes that only the Congress can declare war and that we should get away from military actions directed by the White House without the authorization of Congress, as his belief has always been that body bags from foreign lands do not return to Washington – but Congressional districts across this country.

He also believes that Admiral Mike Mullen, former Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff was right in his assessment that the greatest threat to our Nation’s security lies in our Nation’s debt and deficits. Indeed, economic supremacy has always been the key to military supremacy. Paul Kennedy talks about it in his book, “The Rise and Fall of Great Powers,” and it’s a phenomenon that’s been noted by military historians across time. Accordingly, it makes it that much more important for the sovereignty and security of our country that we do something about spending in Washington.

So Mark is committed to maintaining a strong national defense, both in economic and military terms. He believes in maintaining promises to those who have served. He believes that sustaining a military leadership and technological edge is vital as one views military budgets – and that to do so we have to constantly retool for today’s threats. Subsequently he believes we should look for efficiencies in defense as in every other program of government –as well as to look at the cost of police actions around the world. He believes America cannot afford to subsidize other countries unwillingness to adequately fund their own defense budgets as was recently demonstrated in France’s recent inability to fly even their own troops to Northern Africa. Here, it’s telling that France spends 2.3 percent of their GDP on their military, yet count on American help while America spends double that number. For those nations that do, like Israel that spends 6.5 percent, we must continue to work as strong strategic partners.

Finally, Mark believes the installations here in the Lowcountry are playing a unique and critical mission in today’s military, whether that is with the lift provided by the 315th or 437th in Charleston or with the Marines, Navy and Army operational and training capacities across the district. In fact, Mark fought hard to highlight our state’s unique military missions as governor, establishing a BRAC task force that took our case directly to Washington. While many states lost jobs during the 2004 base closures, South Carolina as a state netted more than 700 new military jobs – which highlights the extraordinary effort and role of so many men and women in uniform in this state.

Life and Liberty

Mark attended Thomas Jefferson’s so called “Academic Village” for graduate school. Whether it was there at Virginia, or years earlier under his father’s lessons at the farm, somewhere along the way he developed a life’s passion for liberty and freedom – hallmarks of the American experiment. The central tenant of his political philosophy has always been rooted in maximizing personal freedom…which is in turn why he believes so strongly in limiting government. He has always believed that politics boiled down to one simple question, “Who is going to make the decision, you or somebody else?

In a society of limited government, you make the choices about your life. In a political society, which is inevitable as government grows, someone else does. For that reason George Washington warned us that, “Government is not reason, it is not eloquence — it is force! Like fire, it is a dangerous servant and a fearsome master.” This was the thinking of each of the founding fathers, and this is why he believes they were so deliberate about including the right to keep and bear arms. Mark has always been a staunch defender of the second amendment and would continue to be so if elected to Congress.

Of Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness, no right is more fundamental than that of life, and as such, Mark is pro-life, believing that life begins at conception.

More than anything he has come to believe that a limited government is vital to the pursuit of happiness. The ability to pursue one’s dreams, to build a family, to use one’s talents to help others and to glorify God and so much more – rests in a limited government that leaves each one of us with the financial resources and freedom to pursue these things.

It’s for these reasons that all of his focus on making government smaller, more efficient and more accountable is ultimately aimed in one final direction…the birthright of all Americans, freedom.

Quality of Life

Mark is a child of the Lowcountry of South Carolina, and as such believes there is something unique and special about this part of the world. Formative work and life experiences came for him with his brothers and sister on their family farm on the Coosaw River – and it was from there that he launched Tom Sawyer and Huck Finn adventures as a boy with his brothers in the woods and waters of the Lowcountry. It’s given him an appreciation for the area and a strong belief that some of what has kept so many here, and invited so many others, should be preserved and protected.

In short, in a world where so many places blend to look like the next place, he believes that maintaining the unique look and feel of the Lowcountry is good for both the soul and the economy. It’s a competitive advantage of this part of the world that should be played to as strength – and he would work to do this as Congressman.

He’s done it before. As Governor, Mark worked with Senator Chip Campsen and was instrumental in the initial funding for the Conservation Land Bank, which in using free market principles has preserved more than 152,000 acres of land in South Carolina since its inception. More significantly 254,000 acres were preserved during his tenure, more than during any other governorship in South Carolina history.[139]

2016

The following issues were listed on Sanford's campaign website:

“
  • Debt and Spending: The Nobel Prize winning economist Milton Friedman once observed that the ultimate measure of government was what it spent. While not the only measure, it is an important one because in many ways how free we are as individuals is determined by what we’re compelled to pay to government each year. Either we work for ourselves and our families, or for government.
  • Jobs and the Economy: Mark has spent his entire time in Congress and the governorship pushing for private enterprise and free market solutions over government control, regulation and growth. Mark believes a business playing field that allows companies to freely compete, without government control and directive, is the most basic and important foundation to growth in jobs and the economy.
  • Healthcare Reform: As in so many others area of government, Mark believes we should look for ways of getting more out of the government that we pay for – and this is especially the case in government healthcare. As a country we now spend more than twice the average of other industrialized nations, but have far poorer healthcare outcomes on a host of categories ranging from infant mortality to average life span.
  • National Defense: Mark believes one of the core functions of our federal government lies in providing for our nation’s defense, as outlined by Article 1, Section 8 of the Constitution. He believes that only the Congress can declare war and that we should get away from military actions directed by the White House without the authorization of Congress, as his belief has always been that body bags from foreign lands do not return to Washington – but Congressional districts across this country.
  • Life and Liberty: Mark attended Thomas Jefferson’s so called “Academic Village” for graduate school. Whether it was there at Virginia, or years earlier under his father’s lessons at the farm, somewhere along the way he developed a life’s passion for liberty and freedom – hallmarks of the American experiment. The central tenant of his political philosophy has always been rooted in maximizing personal freedom…which is in turn why he believes so strongly in limiting government. He has always believed that politics boiled down to one simple question, “Who is going to make the decision, you or somebody else?[138]
 ”
—Mark Sanford[140]

Campaign finance summary

Note: The finance data shown here comes from the disclosures required of candidates and parties. Depending on the election or state, this may represent only a portion of all the funds spent on their behalf. Satellite spending groups may or may not have expended funds related to the candidate or politician on whose page you are reading this disclaimer. Campaign finance data from elections may be incomplete. For elections to federal offices, complete data can be found at the FEC website. Click here for more on federal campaign finance law and here for more on state campaign finance law.

Mark Sanford campaign contribution history
YearOfficeStatusContributionsExpenditures
2020President of the United StatesWithdrew convention$0 N/A**
2016U.S. House, South Carolina District 1Won $736,565 N/A**
2014U.S. House (South Carolina District 1)Won $1,695,976 N/A**
Grand total$2,432,541 N/A**
Sources: OpenSecrets,  Federal Elections Commission ***This product uses the openFEC API but is not endorsed or certified by the Federal Election Commission (FEC).
** Data on expenditures is not available for this election cycle
Note: Totals above reflect only available data.

Personal Gain Index

Congressional Personal Gain Index graphic.png
See also: Personal Gain Index (U.S. Congress)

The Personal Gain Index (U.S. Congress) is a two-part measurement that illustrates the extent to which members of the U.S. Congress have prospered during their tenure as public servants.
It consists of two different metrics:

PGI: Donation Concentration Metric

See also: The Donation Concentration Metric (U.S. Congress Personal Gain Index)

Filings required by the Federal Election Commission report on the industries that give to each candidate. Using campaign filings and information calculated by OpenSecrets.org, Ballotpedia calculated the percentage of donations by industry received by each incumbent over the course of his or her career (or 1989 and later, if elected prior to 1988). Sanford received the most donations from individuals and PACs employed by the Securities & Investment industry. Comparatively, the top industry employer in South Carolina's 1st Congressional District was Educational services, and health care and social assistance, according to a 2012 U.S. Census survey.[141]

From 1993-2014, 29.02 percent of Sanford's career contributions came from the top five industries as listed below.[142]

Donation Concentration Metric graphic.png
Mark Sanford (South Carolina) Campaign Contributions
Total Raised $3,005,832
Total Spent $2,438,620
Top industry in the districtEducational services, and health care and social assistance
Top five industries that contributed to campaign committee
Securities & Investment$232,658
Real Estate$220,401
Retired$203,942
Misc Finance$127,350
Lawyers/Law Firms$87,987
% total in top industry7.74%
% total in top two industries15.07%
% total in top five industries29.02%

Analysis

Ideology and leadership

See also: GovTrack's Political Spectrum & Legislative Leadership ranking

Based on an analysis of bill sponsorship by GovTrack, Sanford was a centrist Republican follower as of August 2014.[143]

Like-minded colleagues

The website OpenCongress tracks the voting records of each member to determine with whom he or she votes most and least often. The results include a member from each party.[144]

Sanford most often votes with:

Sanford least often votes with:


Lifetime voting record

See also: Lifetime voting records of United States Senators and Representatives

According to the website GovTrack, Sanford missed 98 of 5,346 roll call votes from January 1995 to September 2015. This amounted to 1.8 percent, which was lower than the median of 2.2 percent among representatives as of September 2015.[145]

National Journal vote ratings

See also: National Journal vote ratings

Each year National Journal publishes an analysis of how liberally or conservatively each member of Congress voted in the previous year. Click the link above for the full ratings of all members of Congress.

2013

Sanford was one of two members of the House who ranked 207th in the conservative rankings in 2013.[146]

Voting with party

The website OpenCongress tracks how often members of Congress vote with the majority of the chamber caucus.

2014

Sanford voted with the Republican Party 86.3 percent of the time, which ranked 221st among the 233 House Republican members as of August 2014.Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; invalid names, e.g. too many

2013

Sanford voted with the Republican Party 93.5 percent of the time, which ranked 184th among the 234 House Republican members as of June 2013.Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; invalid names, e.g. too many

See also

External links


Governor (2003-2011)
U.S. Representative (1995-2001)

Footnotes

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 CNN, "Sanford says he is launching primary challenge against Trump," September 8, 2019
  2. ↑ Sanford 2020, "Home," accessed September 9, 2019
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 CNN, "Mark Sanford suspends 2020 presidential campaign," November 12, 2019
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, "Sanford, Mark," accessed September 9, 2019
  5. ↑ Sanford 2020, "Meet Mark," accessed September 9, 2019
  6. ↑ U.S. House Clerk, "Official Alphabetical List of the House of Representatives of the United States One Hundred Fifteenth Congress," accessed February 2, 2017
  7. ↑ U.S. House of Representatives, Office of the Clerk, "Committee Information," accessed February 20, 2015
  8. ↑ fitsnews.com, "Mark Sanford Receives Subcommittee Assignments," accessed June 18, 2013
  9. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 434," accessed December 13, 2018
  10. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 284," June 21, 2018
  11. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 282," June 21, 2018
  12. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 434," accessed March 12, 2019
  13. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 549," October 3, 2017
  14. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 344," June 29, 2017
  15. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 342," June 29, 2017
  16. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 256," May 4, 2017
  17. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 405," September 26, 2018
  18. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 399," September 13, 2018
  19. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 313," June 28, 2018
  20. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 257," June 8, 2018
  21. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 216," May 22, 2018
  22. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 127," March 22, 2018
  23. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 69," February 9, 2018
  24. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 60," February 6, 2018
  25. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 44," January 22, 2018
  26. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 33," January 18, 2018
  27. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 708," December 21, 2017
  28. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 692," December 19, 2017
  29. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 670," December 7, 2017
  30. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 637," November 16, 2017
  31. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 589," October 26, 2017
  32. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 557," October 5, 2017
  33. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 528," September 14, 2017
  34. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 480," September 8, 2017
  35. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 441," September 6, 2017
  36. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 299," June 8, 2017
  37. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 249," May 3, 2017
  38. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 230," May 24, 2018
  39. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 49," January 30, 2018
  40. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 631," November 14, 2017
  41. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 435," July 27, 2017
  42. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 413," July 25, 2017
  43. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 437," July 28, 2017
  44. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 407," July 24, 2017
  45. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 378," July 14, 2017
  46. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 136," March 8, 2017
  47. ↑ Congressional Record, "Resume of Congressional Activity, First Session of the 113th Congress," accessed April 29, 2015
  48. ↑ Congressional Record, "Resume of Congressional Activity, Second Session of the 114th Congress," accessed January 5, 2017
  49. ↑ Congressional Record, "Resume of Congressional Activity, First Session of the One Hundred Fourteenth Congress," April 13, 2015
  50. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 361," June 12, 2015
  51. ↑ Roll Call, "Deadline for TAA Do-Over Vote Extended to July 30 (Updated)," June 15, 2015
  52. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 362," June 12, 2015
  53. ↑ Roll Call, "Deadline for TAA Do-Over Vote Extended to July 30 (Updated)," June 15, 2015
  54. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 374," June 18, 2015
  55. ↑ Politico, "Trade turnaround: House backs new power for Obama," June 18, 2015
  56. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 388," June 24, 2015
  57. ↑ The Hill, "Obama signs trade bills," June 29, 2015
  58. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 239," accessed May 27, 2015
  59. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R. 1735," accessed May 27, 2015
  60. ↑ The Hill, "Redone defense policy bill sails through House," accessed November 12, 2015
  61. ↑ Congress.gov, "S. 1356," accessed November 12, 2015
  62. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 618," accessed November 12, 2015
  63. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Motion (Motion to Concur in the House Amendment to S. 1356)," accessed November 12, 2015
  64. ↑ Congress.gov, "S.Con.Res.11," accessed May 5, 2015
  65. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 183," accessed May 5, 2015
  66. ↑ The Hill, "Republicans pass a budget, flexing power of majority," accessed May 5, 2015
  67. ↑ Congress.gov, "HR 1314 - Bipartisan Budget Act of 2015," accessed November 1, 2015
  68. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 579," accessed November 1, 2015
  69. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Motion (Motion to Concur in the House Amendment to the Senate Amendment to H.R. 1314)," accessed November 1, 2015
  70. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.1191 - Iran Nuclear Agreement Review Act of 2015," accessed May 16, 2015
  71. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 226," accessed May 16, 2015
  72. ↑ Congress.gov, "HR 3461," accessed September 11, 2015
  73. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 493," accessed September 11, 2015
  74. ↑ Congress.gov, "HR 3460," accessed September 10, 2015
  75. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 494," accessed September 11, 2015
  76. ↑ Congress.gov, "H Res 411," accessed September 10, 2015
  77. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 492," accessed September 10, 2015
  78. ↑ Congress.gov, "HR 597," accessed November 2, 2015
  79. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 576," accessed November 2, 2015
  80. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.2048," accessed May 26, 2015
  81. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 224," accessed May 26, 2015
  82. ↑ Congress.gov, "HR 36 - the Pain-Capable Unborn Child Protection Act," accessed May 16, 2015
  83. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "HR 36," accessed May 16, 2015
  84. ↑ Congress.gov, "HR 1731," accessed November 2, 2015
  85. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 173," accessed November 2, 2015
  86. ↑ Congress.gov, "HR 1560 - Protecting Cyber Networks Act," accessed November 1, 2015
  87. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 170," accessed November 1, 2015
  88. ↑ Congress.gov, "HR 4038 - the American SAFE Act of 2015," accessed November 20, 2015
  89. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 643," accessed November 20, 2015
  90. ↑ Congressional Record, "Resume of Congressional Activity, First Session of the 112th Congress," accessed September 5, 2013
  91. ↑ Congressional Record, "Resume of Congressional Activity, Second Session of the 113th Congress," accessed March 4, 2014
  92. ↑ 92.0 92.1 92.2 Project Vote Smart, "Representative Sanford's Voting Records on National Security," accessed October 10, 2013
  93. ↑ Clerk of U.S. House, "Roll Call Vote 31: H.R. 2642," accessed February 12, 2014
  94. ↑ Politico, "House clears farm bill," accessed February 12, 2014
  95. ↑ 95.0 95.1 New York Times, "Senate passes long-stalled Farm Bill, With clear winners and losers," accessed February 12, 2014
  96. ↑ 96.0 96.1 CNN.com, "House passes compromise $1.1 trillion budget for 2014," accessed January 20, 2014
  97. ↑ 97.0 97.1 97.2 U.S. House, "Roll Call Vote 21," accessed January 20, 2014
  98. ↑ Roll Call, "House Passes $1.1 Trillion Omnibus," accessed January 20, 2014
  99. ↑ Clerk of the U.S. House, "Final vote results for Roll Call 504," accessed October 31, 2013
  100. ↑ Buzzfeed, "Government Shutdown: How We Got Here," accessed October 1, 2013
  101. ↑ Clerk of the U.S. House, "Final vote results for Roll Call 504," accessed October 31, 2013
  102. ↑ The Washington Post, "Reid, McConnell propose bipartisan Senate bill to end shutdown, extend borrowing," accessed October 16, 2013
  103. ↑ U.S. House, "Final vote results for Roll Call 550," accessed October 31, 2013
  104. ↑ Washington Post, "Which lawmakers will refuse their pay during the shutdown?" accessed October 2, 2013
  105. ↑ Politico, "Mark Sanford in the hot seat over government shutdown," accessed October 8, 2013
  106. ↑ Washington Post, "Farm bill passes narrowly in House, without food stamp funding," accessed July 15, 2013
  107. ↑ USA Today, "House passes farm bill; strips out food-stamp program," accessed July 15, 2013
  108. ↑ 108.0 108.1 108.2 Fox News, "House narrowly passes farm bill after Republicans carve out food stamps," accessed July 15, 2013
  109. ↑ 109.0 109.1 109.2 Washington Post, "Which Republicans voted against the Farm Bill?" accessed July 15, 2013
  110. ↑ Politico, "Farm bill 2013: House narrowly passes pared-back version," accessed July 15, 2013
  111. ↑ The Library of Congress, "H.AMDT.136," accessed August 28, 2013
  112. ↑ Project Vote Smart, "Representative Sanford's Voting Records on Immigration," accessed October 10, 2013
  113. ↑ Project Vote Smart, "Representative Sanford's Voting Records on Issue: Health and Healthcare," accessed October 10, 2013
  114. ↑ Project Vote Smart, "Sanford on abortion," accessed October 10, 2013
  115. ↑ U.S. House, "House Resolution 676," accessed July 30, 2014
  116. ↑ Associated Press, "Suing Obama: GOP-led House gives the go-ahead," July 31, 2014
  117. ↑ Washington Post, "House clears way for lawsuit against Obama," accessed July 30, 2014
  118. ↑ CNN, "What is the House Freedom Caucus and what does it want?" March 23, 2017
  119. ↑ Roll Call, "Republican Members Opposed to GOP Health Care Bill," March 22, 2017
  120. ↑ The Atlantic, "Which Republicans Oppose Donald Trump? A Cheat Sheet," September 8, 2016
  121. ↑ Real Clear Politics, "Mark Sanford Backs Cruz: "Somebody Has Got To Stop Trump," He Is "Dangerous For Our Republic"," February 20, 2016
  122. ↑ The Post and Courier, "Sanford says he won’t support ‘frightening’ Trump if he wins GOP nomination," accessed March 4, 2016
  123. ↑ The Atlantic, "Which Republicans Oppose Donald Trump? A Cheat Sheet," September 8, 2016
  124. ↑ South Carolina Election Commission, "Candidate Listing for the 11/8/2016 Statewide General Election," accessed March 31, 2016
  125. ↑ The New York Times, "South Carolina Primary Results," June 14, 2016
  126. ↑ Washington Post, "Scott's departure for Senate will trigger third special House election in 2013," December 17, 2012
  127. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named scrn
  128. ↑ Politico, "South Carolina Runoff," accessed April 2, 2013
  129. ↑ South Carolina Republican Party Website, "1st Congressional Special Election details set," accessed January 3, 2013
  130. ↑ Huffington Post, "South Carolina Election Results 2013," accessed May 7, 2013
  131. ↑ SC Votes, "April 2 Republican Runoff Primary Election," accessed April 30, 2013
  132. ↑ SC Votes, "March 19 Special Primary Election," accessed April 30, 2013
  133. ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 3, 1998," accessed March 28, 2013
  134. ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 5, 1996," accessed March 28, 2013
  135. ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 8, 1994," accessed March 28, 2013
  136. ↑ CBS News, "Gov. Sanford Admits Extramarital Affair," June 24, 2009
  137. ↑ 137.0 137.1 Sanford 2020, "Issues," accessed September 9, 2019
  138. ↑ 138.0 138.1 Note: This text is quoted verbatim from the original source. Any inconsistencies are attributable to the original source.
  139. ↑ Mark Sanford 2018 campaign website, "Issues," accessed May 24, 2018
  140. ↑ [http://www.marksanford.com/category/issues/ Mark Sanford, "Issues," accessed June 10, 2016
  141. ↑ Census.gov, "My Congressional District," accessed October 1, 2014
  142. ↑ OpenSecrets.org, "Rep. Mark Sanford," accessed October 1, 2014
  143. ↑ GovTrack, "Mark Sanford," accessed September 8, 2014
  144. ↑ OpenCongress, "Mark Sanford," archived April 6, 2016
  145. ↑ GovTrack, "Mark Sanford," accessed October 19, 2015
  146. ↑ National Journal, "2013 Congressional Vote Ratings," accessed September 8, 2014
Political offices
Preceded by
Tim Scott 		U.S House of Representatives, South Carolina District 1
2013–2019 		Succeeded by
Joe Cunningham
Preceded by
Jim Hodges 		Governor of South Carolina
2002–2010 		Succeeded by
Nikki Haley
Preceded by
Arthur Ravenel 		U.S. House of Representatives, South Carolina District 1
1995–2001 		Succeeded by
Henry Brown
Flag of South Carolina
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State of South Carolina
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