John Lewis (Georgia)

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John Lewis
Image of John Lewis
Prior offices
Atlanta City Council

U.S. House Georgia District 5
Successor: Kwanza Hall

Compensation

Net worth

(2012) $72,004.50

Education

High school

Pike County Training High School

Bachelor's

Fisk University

Personal
Religion
Christian: Baptist
Profession
Civil Rights Leader, Political Consultant
Contact

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John Lewis (Democratic Party) was a member of the U.S. House, representing Georgia's 5th Congressional District. He assumed office on January 3, 1987. He died on July 17, 2020, after announcing in December 2019 that he had stage four pancreatic cancer.[1][2]

The Democratic Party of Georgia selected Nikema Williams to replace Lewis on the general election ballot after Lewis' death.[3]

Lewis was an elected public official from 1982 through 2020, having served on the Atlanta City Council prior to his election to the U.S. House.

Lewis was called one of the "Big Six leaders of the Civil Rights Movement." He was one of the original 13 Freedom Riders—a group of people who rode buses in 1961 to test compliance with Supreme Court decisions declaring segregation on interstate transit and in facilities for interstate travelers unconstitutional.[4][5] In 1963, Lewis became chairman of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, where he organized student protests such as sit-ins. He also helped organize the March on Washington. At 23 years old, Lewis was the youngest speaker at the march. He was the last living speaker.[6][7]

In 2011, Lewis was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Barack Obama.[8]

Career

Below is an abbreviated outline of Lewis' academic, professional, and political career:[9]

Committee assignments

U.S. House

2017-2018

At the beginning of the 115th Congress, Lewis was assigned to the following committees:[10]

2015-2016

Lewis served on the following committees:[11]

2013-2014

Lewis served on the following committees:[12][13]

2011-2012

Key votes

See also: Key votes

Ballotpedia monitors legislation that receives a vote and highlights the ones that we consider to be key to understanding where elected officials stand on the issues. To read more about how we identify key votes, click here.

Key votes: 116th Congress, 2019-2021

The 116th United States Congress began on January 9, 2019, and ended on January 3, 2021. At the start of the session, Democrats held the majority in the U.S. House of Representatives (235-200), and Republicans held the majority in the U.S. Senate (53-47). Donald Trump (R) was the president and Mike Pence (R) was the vice president. We identified the key votes below using Congress' top-viewed bills list and through marquee coverage of certain votes on Ballotpedia.

Key votes: 116th Congress, 2019-2021
Vote Bill and description Status
Yes check.svg Yea Yes check.svg Passed (365-65)
Not Voting Yes check.svg Passed (208-199)
Yes check.svg Yea Yes check.svg Passed (234-193)
Yes check.svg Yea Yes check.svg Passed (419-6)
Yes check.svg Yea Yes check.svg Passed (236-173)
Yes check.svg Yea Yes check.svg Passed (240-190)
Yes check.svg Yea Yes check.svg Passed (237-187)
Yes check.svg Yea Yes check.svg Passed (377-48)
Not Voting Yes check.svg Passed (363-40)
Yes check.svg Yea Yes check.svg Passed (417-3)
Not Voting Yes check.svg Passed (230-192)
Not Voting Yes check.svg Passed (297-120)
Not Voting Yes check.svg Passed (417-1)
Not Voting Yes check.svg Passed (415-2)
Yes check.svg Yea Yes check.svg Passed (300 -128)
Not Voting Yes check.svg Passed (363-62)
Yes check.svg Yea Yes check.svg Passed (411-7)
Yes check.svg Yea Yes check.svg Guilty (230-197)
Yes check.svg Yea Yes check.svg Guilty (229-198)


Key votes: Previous sessions of Congress

Issues

Presidential preference

2016 presidential endorsement

✓ Lewis endorsed Hillary Clinton for the Democratic primary in the 2016 U.S. presidential election.[131]

See also: Endorsements for Hillary Clinton

National security

American response in Syria

See also: United States involvement in Syria

On August 29, 2013, 53 House Democrats signed a letter written by California Rep. Barbara Lee that called for a congressional resolution on strikes and cautioned that the situation in Syria "should not draw us into an unwise war—especially without adhering to our constitutional requirements."[132][133] The letter also called on the Obama administration to work with the U.N. Security Council “to build international consensus” condemning the alleged use of chemical weapons. Lewis was one of the 53 Democrats in the House to sign the letter.[132][133]

On September 2, 2013, Lewis said, "Once Congressional debate begins and the Congress has had a full briefing, we will make a statement. We do not want to do so without that preparation."[134]

Noteworthy events

Arrest during immigration protest

See also: Gang of Eight

On October 8, 2013, eight Democratic members of Congress were arrested while attending a protest calling for comprehensive immigration reform in front of the U.S. Capitol.[135]

The eight included Lewis, Luis Gutierrez (D-Ill.), Charlie Rangel (D-N.Y.), Raul Grijalva (D-Ari.), Joseph Crowley (D-N.Y.), Jan Schakowsky (D-Ill.), Keith Ellison (D-Minn.) and Al Green (D-Texas).[135] The politicians, along with activists who attended an immigration rally on the National Mall, staged a sit-in near the west side of the Capitol.[135] Authorities arrested the lawmakers for crowding and disrupting the streets around the Capitol. Almost 200 people were arrested by police during the protest.[135]

Lewis had been arrested 45 times previously, according to his twitter account.[135]

March on Washington speech

Lewis said Martin Luther King Jr. asked him to tone down the speech he delivered during the March on Washington in 1963.[136] “Some people thought my speech as a little too strong, some would say maybe a little too militant. I said in the beginning, in my prepared text, I thought the Kennedy-proposed legislation was too little and that it was too late. And in another part of the speech, I said, ‘You tell us to wait. You tell us to be patient. We cannot wait. We cannot be patient. We want our freedom and we want it now,’” Lewis said.[136]

Elections

2020

See also: Georgia's 5th Congressional District election, 2020

Georgia's 5th Congressional District election, 2020 (June 9 Democratic primary)

Georgia's 5th Congressional District election, 2020 (June 9 Republican primary)

General election

General election for U.S. House Georgia District 5

Nikema Williams defeated Angela Stanton King in the general election for U.S. House Georgia District 5 on November 3, 2020.

Candidate
%
Votes
Image of Nikema Williams
Nikema Williams (D)
 
85.1
 
301,857
Image of Angela Stanton King
Angela Stanton King (R) Candidate Connection
 
14.9
 
52,646

Total votes: 354,503
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.

Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team.

Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

Democratic primary election

Democratic primary for U.S. House Georgia District 5

Incumbent John Lewis defeated Barrington Martin II in the Democratic primary for U.S. House Georgia District 5 on June 9, 2020.

Candidate
%
Votes
Image of John Lewis
John Lewis
 
87.6
 
142,541
Image of Barrington Martin II
Barrington Martin II Candidate Connection
 
12.4
 
20,096

Total votes: 162,637
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.

Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team.

Republican primary election

Republican primary for U.S. House Georgia District 5

Angela Stanton King advanced from the Republican primary for U.S. House Georgia District 5 on June 9, 2020.

Candidate
%
Votes
Image of Angela Stanton King
Angela Stanton King Candidate Connection
 
100.0
 
8,566

Total votes: 8,566
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.

Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team.

2018

See also: Georgia's 5th Congressional District election, 2018

General election

General election for U.S. House Georgia District 5

Incumbent John Lewis won election in the general election for U.S. House Georgia District 5 on November 6, 2018.

Candidate
%
Votes
Image of John Lewis
John Lewis (D)
 
100.0
 
275,406

Total votes: 275,406
(100.00% precincts reporting)
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.

Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team.

Democratic primary election

Democratic primary for U.S. House Georgia District 5

Incumbent John Lewis advanced from the Democratic primary for U.S. House Georgia District 5 on May 22, 2018.

Candidate
%
Votes
Image of John Lewis
John Lewis
 
100.0
 
80,860

Total votes: 80,860
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.

Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team.

2016

See also: Georgia's 5th Congressional District election, 2016

Heading into the election, Ballotpedia rated this race as safely Democratic. Incumbent John Lewis (D) defeated Douglas Bell (R) in the general election on November 8, 2016. Neither candidate faced a primary opponent on May 24, 2016.[137][138]

U.S. House, Georgia District 5 General Election, 2016
Party Candidate Vote % Votes
     Democratic Green check mark transparent.pngJohn Lewis Incumbent 84.4% 253,781
     Republican Douglas Bell 15.6% 46,768
Total Votes 300,549
Source: Georgia Secretary of State

2014

See also: Georgia's 5th Congressional District elections, 2014

Lewis ran for re-election to the U.S. House in 2014. He ran unopposed in the Democratic primary on May 20, 2014.[139] He ran unopposed in the general election on November 4, 2014.

U.S. House, Georgia District 5 General Election, 2014
Party Candidate Vote % Votes
     Democratic Green check mark transparent.pngJohn Lewis Incumbent 100% 170,326
Total Votes 170,326
Source: Georgia Secretary of State

2012

See also: Georgia's 5th Congressional District elections, 2012

Lewis ran in the 2012 election for the U.S. House to represent Georgia's 5th District. Lewis sought re-election on the Democratic ticket. The signature filing deadline was May 25, 2012, with the primary taking place on July 31, 2012. Michael Johnson was defeated by Lewis in the Democratic primary[140]. Lewis defeated Howard Stopeck (R) in the general election on November 6, 2012.

U.S. House, Georgia District 5 General Election, 2012
Party Candidate Vote % Votes
     Democratic Green check mark transparent.pngJohn Lewis Incumbent 84.4% 234,330
     Republican Howard Stopeck 15.6% 43,335
Total Votes 277,665
Source: Georgia Secretary of State "Official Election Results, 2012 General Election"
U.S. House, Georgia District 5 Democratic Primary, 2012
Candidate Vote % Votes
Green check mark transparent.pngJohn Lewis Incumbent 80.8% 69,985
Michael Johnson 19.2% 16,666
Total Votes 86,651

Full history


Campaign themes

2020

Ballotpedia survey responses

See also: Ballotpedia's Candidate Connection

John Lewis did not complete Ballotpedia's 2020 Candidate Connection survey.

Campaign finance summary


Note: The finance data shown here comes from the disclosures required of candidates and parties. Depending on the election or state, this may represent only a portion of all the funds spent on their behalf. Satellite spending groups may or may not have expended funds related to the candidate or politician on whose page you are reading this disclaimer. Campaign finance data from elections may be incomplete. For elections to federal offices, complete data can be found at the FEC website. Click here for more on federal campaign finance law and here for more on state campaign finance law.


John Lewis campaign contribution history
YearOfficeStatusContributionsExpenditures
2020U.S. House Georgia District 5Withdrew general$3,853,955 $2,969,576
2018U.S. House Georgia District 5Won general$3,986,262 $2,068,963
2016U.S. House, Georgia District 5Won $1,054,734 N/A**
2014U.S. House (Georgia, District 5)Won $723,262 N/A**
2012U.S. House Georgia District 5Won $1,238,299 N/A**
2010U.S. House Georgia District 5Won $1,013,992 N/A**
2008U.S. House Georgia District 5Won $1,267,597 N/A**
2006U.S. House Georgia District 5Won $628,202 N/A**
2004U.S. House Georgia District 5Won $421,030 N/A**
2002U.S. House Georgia District 5Won $338,831 N/A**
2000U.S. House Georgia District 5Won $682,137 N/A**
** Data on expenditures is not available for this election cycle
Note: Totals above reflect only available data.

Personal Gain Index

Congressional Personal Gain Index graphic.png
See also: Personal Gain Index (U.S. Congress)

The Personal Gain Index (U.S. Congress) is a two-part measurement that illustrates the extent to which members of the U.S. Congress have prospered during their tenure as public servants.
It consists of two different metrics:

PGI: Change in net worth

See also: Changes in Net Worth of U.S. Senators and Representatives (Personal Gain Index) and Net worth of United States Senators and Representatives
Net Worth Metric graphic.png

Based on congressional financial disclosure forms and calculations made available by OpenSecrets.org, Lewis' net worth as of 2012 was estimated between $9,009 to $135,000. That averages to $72,004.50, which is lower than the average net worth of Democratic representatives in 2012 of $5,700,168.36. Lewis ranked as the 386th most wealthy representative in 2012.[145] Between 2004 and 2012, Lewis' calculated net worth[146] decreased by an average of 3 percent per year. Between 2004 and 2012, the average annual percentage increase for a member of Congress was 15.4 percent.[147]

John Lewis Yearly Net Worth
YearAverage Net Worth
2004$94,114
2012$72,004.50
Growth from 2004 to 2012:−23%
Average annual growth:−3%[148]
Comparatively, the American citizen experienced a median yearly decline in net worth of -0.94%.[149]

The data used to calculate changes in net worth may include changes resulting from assets gained through marriage, inheritance, changes in family estates and/or trusts, changes in family business ownership, and many other variables unrelated to a member's behavior in Congress.

PGI: Donation Concentration Metric

See also: The Donation Concentration Metric (U.S. Congress Personal Gain Index)

Filings required by the Federal Election Commission report on the industries that give to each candidate. Using campaign filings and information calculated by OpenSecrets.org, Ballotpedia calculated the percentage of donations by industry received by each incumbent over the course of his or her career (or 1989 and later, if elected prior to 1988). Lewis received the most donations from individuals and PACs employed by the Health Professionals industry.

From 1989-2014, 31.86 percent of Lewis' career contributions came from the top five industries as listed below.[150]

Donation Concentration Metric graphic.png
John Lewis (Georgia) Campaign Contributions
Total Raised $7,987,717
Total Spent $8,013,366
Top five industries that contributed to campaign committee
Health Professionals$664,026
Lawyers/Law Firms$595,282
Insurance$449,700
Public Sector Unions$427,168
Industrial Unions$408,850
% total in top industry8.31%
% total in top two industries15.77%
% total in top five industries31.86%

Analysis

Ideology and leadership

See also: GovTrack's Political Spectrum & Legislative Leadership ranking

Based on an analysis of bill sponsorship by GovTrack, Lewis was a "far-left Democratic leader," as of July 29, 2014. This was the same rating Lewis received in June 2013.[151]

Like-minded colleagues

The website OpenCongress tracks the voting records of each member to determine with whom he or she votes most and least often. The results include a member from each party.[152]

Lewis most often votes with:

Lewis least often votes with:


Lifetime voting record

See also: Lifetime voting records of United States Senators and Representatives

According to the website GovTrack, Lewis missed 1,255 of 17,922 roll call votes from January 1987 to September 2015. This amounted to 7 percent, which was higher than the median of 2.2 percent among representatives as of September 2015.[153]

Congressional staff salaries

See also: Staff salaries of United States Senators and Representatives

The website Legistorm compiles staff salary information for members of Congress. Lewis paid his congressional staff a total of $1,109,123 in 2011. He ranks 47th on the list of the highest paid Democratic representative staff salaries and ranks 57th overall of the highest paid representative staff salaries in 2011. Overall, Georgia ranks 24th in average salary for representative staff. The average U.S. House of Representatives congressional staff was paid $954,912.20 in fiscal year 2011.[154]

National Journal vote ratings

See also: National Journal vote ratings

Each year National Journal publishes an analysis of how liberally or conservatively each member of Congress voted in the previous year.

2013

Lewis ranked 65th in the liberal rankings in 2013.[155]

2012

Lewis ranked 1st in the liberal rankings in 2012.[156]

2011

Lewis ranked 21st in the liberal rankings in 2011.[157]

Voting with party

The website OpenCongress tracks how often members of Congress vote with the majority of the chamber caucus.

2014

Lewis voted with the Democratic Party 95.7 percent of the time, which ranked 10th among the 204 House Democratic members as of July 2014.[158]

2013

Lewis voted with the Democratic Party 95.8 percent of the time, which ranked 40th among the 201 House Democratic members as of June 2013.[159]

2016 Democratic National Convention

See also


External links

 

Footnotes

  1. The Hill, "Rep. John Lewis to undergo treatment for stage 4 pancreatic cancer," December 29, 2019
  2. POLITICO, "John Lewis, civil rights icon and longtime congressman, dies," July 17, 2020
  3. Atlanta Journal-Constitution, "Democrats tap Nikema Williams to replace John Lewis on November ballot," July 20, 2020
  4. New York Times, "Who Were the Freedom Riders?" July 18, 2020
  5. Smithsonian Magazine, "The Freedom Riders, Then and Now," February 2009
  6. NPR, "50 Years After March On Washington, John Lewis Still Fights," August 27, 2013
  7. Washington Post, "At the 1963 March on Washington, civil rights leaders asked John Lewis to tone his speech down," July 18, 2020
  8. Congressman John Lewis, "Biography," accessed January 27, 2019
  9. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, "LEWIS, John R., (1940 - )," accessed February 9, 2015
  10. U.S. House Clerk, "Official Alphabetical List of the House of Representatives of the United States One Hundred Fifteenth Congress," accessed February 2, 2017
  11. U.S. House of Representatives, Office of the Clerk, "Committee Information," accessed February 18, 2015
  12. CQ.com, "House Committee Rosters for the 113th Congress," accessed March 3, 2013
  13. U.S. House of Representatives, "Committee Assignments," accessed March 29, 2014
  14. The Online Office of Congressman John Lewis, "House Committees and Subcommittees," accessed October 27, 2011
  15. Congress.gov, "H.R.1044 - Fairness for High-Skilled Immigrants Act of 2020," accessed March 22, 2024
  16. Congress.gov, "H.R.6800 - The Heroes Act," accessed April 23, 2024
  17. Congress.gov, "H.R.1 - For the People Act of 2019," accessed April 23, 2024
  18. Congress.gov, "H.R.748 - CARES Act," accessed April 23, 2024
  19. Congress.gov, "H.R.5 - Equality Act," accessed April 23, 2024
  20. Congress.gov, "H.R.8 - Bipartisan Background Checks Act of 2019," accessed April 23, 2024
  21. Congress.gov, "H.R.6 - American Dream and Promise Act of 2019," accessed April 27, 2024
  22. Congress.gov, "S.1790 - National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2020," accessed April 27, 2024
  23. Congress.gov, "H.R.6201 - Families First Coronavirus Response Act," accessed April 24, 2024
  24. Congress.gov, "H.R.1994 - Setting Every Community Up for Retirement Enhancement Act of 2019," accessed April 27, 2024
  25. Congress.gov, "H.R.3 - Elijah E. Cummings Lower Drug Costs Now Act," accessed March 22, 2024
  26. Congress.gov, "H.R.1865 - Further Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020," accessed April 27, 2024
  27. Congress.gov, "S.1838 - Hong Kong Human Rights and Democracy Act of 2019," accessed April 27, 2024
  28. Congress.gov, "H.R.6074 - Coronavirus Preparedness and Response Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2020," accessed April 27, 2024
  29. Congress.gov, "H.J.Res.31 - Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2019," accessed April 27, 2024
  30. Congress.gov, "S.47 - John D. Dingell, Jr. Conservation, Management, and Recreation Act," accessed April 27, 2024
  31. Congress.gov, "S.24 - Government Employee Fair Treatment Act of 2019," accessed April 27, 2024
  32. Congress.gov, "H.Res.755 - Impeaching Donald John Trump, President of the United States, for high crimes and misdemeanors," accessed April 27, 2024
  33. Congress.gov, "H.Res.755 - Impeaching Donald John Trump, President of the United States, for high crimes and misdemeanors," accessed April 27, 2024
  34. Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 434," accessed December 13, 2018
  35. Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 284," June 21, 2018
  36. Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 282," June 21, 2018
  37. Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 434," accessed March 12, 2019
  38. Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 549," October 3, 2017
  39. Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 344," June 29, 2017
  40. Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 342," June 29, 2017
  41. Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 256," May 4, 2017
  42. Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 405," September 26, 2018
  43. Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 399," September 13, 2018
  44. Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 313," June 28, 2018
  45. Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 257," June 8, 2018
  46. Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 216," May 22, 2018
  47. Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 127," March 22, 2018
  48. Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 69," February 9, 2018
  49. Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 60," February 6, 2018
  50. Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 44," January 22, 2018
  51. Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 33," January 18, 2018
  52. Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 708," December 21, 2017
  53. Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 692," December 19, 2017
  54. Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 670," December 7, 2017
  55. Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 637," November 16, 2017
  56. Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 589," October 26, 2017
  57. Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 557," October 5, 2017
  58. Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 528," September 14, 2017
  59. Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 480," September 8, 2017
  60. Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 441," September 6, 2017
  61. Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 299," June 8, 2017
  62. Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 249," May 3, 2017
  63. Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 230," May 24, 2018
  64. Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 49," January 30, 2018
  65. Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 631," November 14, 2017
  66. Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 435," July 27, 2017
  67. Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 413," July 25, 2017
  68. Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 437," July 28, 2017
  69. Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 407," July 24, 2017
  70. Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 378," July 14, 2017
  71. Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 136," March 8, 2017
  72. Congressional Record, "Resume of Congressional Activity, First Session of the 113th Congress," accessed April 29, 2015
  73. Congressional Record, "Resume of Congressional Activity, Second Session of the 114th Congress," accessed January 5, 2017
  74. Congressional Record, "Resume of Congressional Activity, First Session of the One Hundred Fourteenth Congress," April 13, 2015
  75. Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 361," June 12, 2015
  76. Roll Call, "Deadline for TAA Do-Over Vote Extended to July 30 (Updated)," June 15, 2015
  77. Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 362," June 12, 2015
  78. Roll Call, "Deadline for TAA Do-Over Vote Extended to July 30 (Updated)," June 15, 2015
  79. Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 374," June 18, 2015
  80. Politico, "Trade turnaround: House backs new power for Obama," June 18, 2015
  81. Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 388," June 24, 2015
  82. The Hill, "Obama signs trade bills," June 29, 2015
  83. Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 239," accessed May 27, 2015
  84. Congress.gov, "H.R. 1735," accessed May 27, 2015
  85. The Hill, "Redone defense policy bill sails through House," accessed November 12, 2015
  86. Congress.gov, "S. 1356," accessed November 12, 2015
  87. Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 618," accessed November 12, 2015
  88. Senate.gov, "On the Motion (Motion to Concur in the House Amendment to S. 1356)," accessed November 12, 2015
  89. Congress.gov, "S.Con.Res.11," accessed May 5, 2015
  90. Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 183," accessed May 5, 2015
  91. The Hill, "Republicans pass a budget, flexing power of majority," accessed May 5, 2015
  92. Congress.gov, "HR 1314 - Bipartisan Budget Act of 2015," accessed November 1, 2015
  93. Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 579," accessed November 1, 2015
  94. Senate.gov, "On the Motion (Motion to Concur in the House Amendment to the Senate Amendment to H.R. 1314)," accessed November 1, 2015
  95. Congress.gov, "H.R.1191 - Iran Nuclear Agreement Review Act of 2015," accessed May 16, 2015
  96. Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 226," accessed May 16, 2015
  97. Congress.gov, "HR 3461," accessed September 11, 2015
  98. Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 493," accessed September 11, 2015
  99. Congress.gov, "HR 3460," accessed September 10, 2015
  100. Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 494," accessed September 11, 2015
  101. Congress.gov, "H Res 411," accessed September 10, 2015
  102. Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 492," accessed September 10, 2015
  103. Congress.gov, "HR 597," accessed November 2, 2015
  104. Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 576," accessed November 2, 2015
  105. Congress.gov, "H.R.2048," accessed May 26, 2015
  106. Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 224," accessed May 26, 2015
  107. Congress.gov, "HR 36 - the Pain-Capable Unborn Child Protection Act," accessed May 16, 2015
  108. Clerk.House.gov, "HR 36," accessed May 16, 2015
  109. Congress.gov, "HR 1731," accessed November 2, 2015
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  111. Congress.gov, "HR 1560 - Protecting Cyber Networks Act," accessed November 1, 2015
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  113. Congress.gov, "HR 4038 - the American SAFE Act of 2015," accessed November 20, 2015
  114. Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 643," accessed November 20, 2015
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  116. Congressional Record, "Resume of Congressional Activity, Second Session of the 113th Congress," accessed March 4, 2014
  117. 117.0 117.1 117.2 117.3 117.4 117.5 117.6 117.7 117.8 Project Vote Smart, "John Lewis Key Votes," accessed September 30, 2013
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  133. 133.0 133.1 Washington Post, "More than 50 House Democrats also want Syria strike resolution," accessed September 2, 2013
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  140. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named results
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  144. U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 3, 1998," accessed March 28, 2013
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  146. This figure represents the total percentage growth from either 2004 (if the member entered office in 2004 or earlier) or the member's first year in office (as noted in the chart below).
  147. This number was found by dividing each member's total net worth growth percentage by the number of years included in the calculation.
  148. This figure represents the total percentage growth divided by the number of years for which there are net worth figures for each member.
  149. This figure was calculated using median asset data from the Census Bureau. Please see the Congressional Net Worth data for Ballotpedia spreadsheet for more information on this calculation.
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  160. Ballotpedia's list of superdelegates to the 2016 Democratic National Convention is based on our own research and lists provided by the Democratic National Committee to Vox.com in February 2016 and May 2016. If you think we made an error in identifying superdelegates, please send an email to [email protected].
  161. “Five Thirty Eight, “The Endorsement Primary,” June 7, 2016
  162. To find out which candidate a superdelegate supported, Ballotpedia sought out public statements from the superdelegate in other media outlets and on social media. If we were unable to find a public statement that clearly articulated which candidate the superdelegate supported at the national convention, we listed that superdelegate as "unknown." If you believe we made an error in identifying which candidate a superdelegate supported, please email us at [email protected].
  163. Congressional Research Service, "The Presidential Nominating Process and the National Party Conventions, 2016: Frequently Asked Questions," December 30, 2015
  164. CNN, "Super Tuesday: Live updates," March 1, 2016
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  169. The Green Papers, "2016 Democratic Convention," accessed May 7, 2021
  170. Democratic National Committee's Office of Party Affairs and Delegate Selection, "Unpledged Delegates -- By State," May 27, 2016
Political offices
Preceded by
Wyche Fowler
U.S. House of Representatives - Georgia, District 5
1987–2020
Succeeded by
Kwanza Hall (D)
Preceded by
'
Atlanta City Council
1982-1986
Succeeded by
'


Senators
Representatives
District 1
District 2
District 3
District 4
District 5
District 6
District 7
District 8
District 9
District 10
District 11
District 12
District 13
District 14
Republican Party (9)
Democratic Party (7)