Inflation Reduction Act of 2022

The Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 was a federal bill signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on August 16, 2022, addressing climate change, healthcare costs, and tax enforcement. To read a summary of the bill prepared by the Congressional Research Service, click here.

The United States Senate voted 51-50 to pass the bill on August 7, 2022, and the United States House of Representatives voted 220-207 to pass the bill on August 12. Senate Majority Leader Chuck Schumer (D-N.Y.) released legislative text for the bill on July 27.

Features of the bill included:

• A $369 billion investment to address energy security and climate change
• An extension of Affordable Care Act subsidies
• Allowing Medicare to negotiate certain drug prices
• A 15% corporate minimum tax, a 1% stock buyback fee, and enhanced Internal Revenue Service (IRS) enforcement
• An estimated $300 billion deficit reduction from 2022-2031

The bill was passed through the budget reconciliation process, which provides a procedural path around the supermajority requirement in the Senate. It was created by the Congressional Budget Act of 1974 to facilitate a quicker process for reviewing and passing certain bills related to spending, revenues, and debt. This process is not subject to the filibuster and only requires a simple majority vote. At the time of the Inflation Reduction Act's passage, the 117th Congress had passed one other reconciliation bill (American Rescue Plan Act of 2021) and proposed one other reconciliation bill (Build Back Better Act).

This page provides the following information about the bill:

• Summary of the bill: A summary of the bill prepared by the Congressional Research Service:
• Estimated budgetary effects: An overview of the bill's estimated budgetary effects prepared by the Congressional Budget Office.
• Timeline of congressional action: Key dates and votes relating to the bill's passage:
• Key roll calls: An overview of how each U.S. representative and senator voted on the bill.
• Vote-a-rama: An overview of the vote-a-rama that took place in relation to this bill.

Details of the bill

Summary of the bill

The following bill summary was prepared by the Congressional Research Service:

“

TITLE I--COMMITTEE ON FINANCE Subtitle A--Deficit Reduction Part 1--Corporate Tax Reform This bill imposes an alternative minimum tax of 15% of the average annual adjusted financial statement income of domestic corporations (excluding Subchapter S corporations, regulated investment companies, and real estate investment trusts) that exceeds $1 billion over a specified 3-year period. The tax is effective in taxable years beginning after December 31, 2022. Part 2--Excise Tax on Repurchase of Corporate Stock The bill imposes a 1% excise tax on the fair market value of stock repurchased by a domestic corporation after 2022, with certain exceptions. Part 3--Funding the Internal Revenue Service and Improving Taxpayer Compliance The bill provides additional funding for the Internal Revenue Service for taxpayer services and enforcement, including for operations support, business systems modernization, and the development of a free direct e-file tax return system. It also provides additional funding for the Department of the Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration, the Office of Tax Policy, the Tax Court, and Treasury departmental offices. Subtitle B--Prescription Drug Pricing Reform Part 1--Lowering Prices Through Drug Price Negotiation The bill requires the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) to negotiate the prices of certain prescription drugs under Medicare beginning in 2026. Specifically, the CMS must negotiate maximum prices for brand-name drugs that do not have other generic equivalents and that account for the greatest Medicare spending. The CMS must negotiate the prices of 10 drugs in 2026, 15 drugs in 2027 and 2028, and 20 drugs in 2029 and each year thereafter. Drug manufacturers that fail to comply with negotiation requirements are subject to civil penalties and excise taxes. The bill provides funds for FY2022 for the CMS to implement this program. Part 2--Prescription Drug Inflation Rebates In addition, the bill requires drug manufacturers to issue rebates to the CMS for brand-name drugs without generic equivalents under Medicare that cost $100 or more per year per individual and for which prices increase faster than inflation. Manufacturers that fail to comply are subject to civil penalties. The bill provides funds through FY2031 for the CMS to implement the rebate programs. Part 3--Part D Improvements and Maximum Out-of-Pocket Cap for Medicare Beneficiaries The bill eliminates beneficiary cost-sharing above the annual out-of-pocket spending threshold under the Medicare prescription drug benefit beginning in 2024 and caps annual out-of-pocket spending at $2,000 in 2025 (with annual adjustments thereafter). It also establishes a program under which drug manufacturers provide discounts to beneficiaries who have incurred costs above the annual deductible beginning in 2025. The bill provides funds through FY2031 for the CMS to implement these changes and requirements. The bill also establishes a process through which certain beneficiaries may have their monthly out-of-pocket costs capped and paid in monthly installments beginning in 2025; it provides funds for FY2023 for the CMS to implement this process. Part 4--Continued Delay of Implementation of Prescription Drug Rebate Rule The bill further delays until 2032 implementation of a Department of Health and Human Services rule relating to the treatment of certain Medicare prescription drug benefit rebates from drug manufacturers for purposes of federal anti-kickback laws. Part 5--Miscellaneous The bill establishes a series of additional programs and requirements relating to coverage under the Medicare prescription drug benefit and other programs. For example, the bill eliminates cost-sharing under the Medicare prescription drug benefit for adult vaccines that are recommended by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices. It also requires coverage, without cost-sharing, of such vaccines under Medicaid and the Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP). In addition, the bill caps cost-sharing under the Medicare prescription drug benefit for a month's supply of covered insulin products at (1) for 2023 through 2025, $35; and (2) beginning in 2026, $35, 25% of the government's negotiated price, or 25% of the plan's negotiated price, whichever is less. The bill provides funds for FY2022 for the CMS to implement these provisions. Subtitle C--Affordable Care Act Subsidies The bill extends through 2025 certain adjustments and expansions of the premium tax credit, including to allow taxpayers with income above 400% of the federal poverty line to qualify for the credit. Subtitle D--Energy Security The bill modifies and extends through 2024 tax credits (1) for producing electricity from renewable resources, specifically for wind, biomass, geothermal and solar, landfill gas, trash, qualified hydropower, and marine and hydrokinetic resources; (2) for investment in certain energy properties (e.g., solar, fuel cells, waste energy recovery, combined heat and power, small wind property, and microturbine property); and (3) for alternative fuels and fuel mixtures, and biodiesel and renewable diesel. The bill creates new tax credits for (1) qualifying zero-emission nuclear power produced and sold after 2023, (2) the sale or mixture of sustainable aviation fuel beginning in 2023, (3) the production of clean hydrogen, (4) the production of clean electricity and for investment in zero-emissions electricity generation facilities or energy storage technology, (5) domestic clean fuel production beginning in 2025, and (6) the domestic production and sale of qualifying solar and wind components. The bill modifies and extends through 2032 (1) the tax credit for nonbusiness energy property and increases its rate to 30%, with certain limitations; (2) the new energy efficient home credit; and (3) the tax credit for alternate fuel refueling property expenditures. The bill modifies requirements for the tax deduction for energy efficient commercial buildings. The bill creates a new credit for commercial clean vehicles and modifies the refundable tax credit for the purchase of plug-in electric vehicles and previously-owned electric vehicles. The bill permanently reinstates the Hazardous Substance Superfund financing rate for certain excise taxes, including the excise tax on domestic crude oil and imported petroleum products at the rate of 16.4 cents per barrel in 2023, adjusted annually for inflation. The bill makes permanent the increased rate of the coal excise tax for funding the Black Lung Disability Trust Fund. The bill increases the amount of the research tax credit that may be applied against the payroll tax liabilities of certain small businesses. The bill reinstates the current suspension until 2025 of the tax deduction for state and local taxes and extends the limitation on excess business losses of noncorporate taxpayers. TITLE II--COMMITTEE ON AGRICULTURE, NUTRITION, AND FORESTRY Subtitle A--General Provisions The bill provides funding to the Department of Agriculture (USDA) for a variety of programs related to conservation and renewable energy. Subtitle B--Conservation Specifically, the bill provides funding to USDA for voluntary conservation programs, such as the environmental quality incentives program, the conservation stewardship program, the agricultural conservation easement program, and the regional conservation partnership program. It also provides funding to USDA's Natural Resources Conservation Service for (1) conservation technical assistance; and (2) a program to quantify carbon sequestration and carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide emissions. Subtitle C--Rural Development and Agricultural Credit In addition, the bill provides funding to USDA for several programs, such as the Rural Energy for America Program, that support the generation, storage, and use of renewable energy in rural communities. Subtitle D--Forestry The bill also provides funding to USDA for the National Forest System, including funding for forest restoration, wildfire prevention, and related activities. Further, the bill provides funding to USDA for programs that award grants to owners of state or private forests for climate mitigation, forest resilience, or related activities. TITLE III--COMMITTEE ON BANKING, HOUSING, AND URBAN AFFAIRS The bill provides additional funding for the President to carry out activities under the Defense Production Act of 1950. That act confers on the President a broad set of authorities to influence domestic industry in order to provide essential materials and goods for the national defense. In addition, the bill provides funding to the Department of Housing and Urban Development for loans and grants to fund projects that address affordable housing and climate change issues, such as projects designed to increase the energy or water efficiency of affordable housing. TITLE IV--COMMITTEE ON COMMERCE, SCIENCE, AND TRANSPORTATION The bill provides funding for coastal communities, coastal and marine habitats, weather forecasting, and aviation technology. For example, the bill provides funding to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), including funding for coastal communities so they can prepare for extreme storms and other changing climate conditions, NOAA facilities (e.g., fisheries laboratories and national marine sanctuaries facilities), weather research and forecasting innovations, and acquiring a hurricane hunter aircraft. In addition, the bill provides funding to the Department of Transportation for a program that awards grants for projects that (1) produce, transport, blend, or store sustainable aviation fuel; or (2) develop, demonstrate, or apply low-emission aviation technologies. TITLE V--COMMITTEE ON ENERGY AND NATURAL RESOURCES Subtitle A--Energy Part 1--General Provisions The bill provides funding to the Department of Energy (DOE) for a variety of programs concerning energy rebates, energy efficiency in buildings, electric transmissions, advanced industrial facilities, and other energy matters. Part 2--Residential Efficiency and Electrification Rebates For example, the bill provides funding to DOE for a HOMES rebate program that awards grants to state energy offices. Under the program, states must provide rebates to homeowners and aggregators for certain whole-house energy saving retrofits made for low- and moderate-income households. In addition, funding is provided to DOE for a high-efficiency electric home rebate program that awards grants to state energy offices and Indian tribes. Under the program, rebates must be given for qualified electrification projects in low- or moderate-income households. Part 3--Building Efficiency and Resilience The bill also provides funding to DOE for grants to states and local governments to adopt and implement building codes for (1) residential buildings that meet or exceed the 2021 International Energy Conservation Code, or (2) commercial buildings that meet or exceed the ANSI/ASHRAE/IES Standard 90.1--2019. Part 4--DOE Loan and Grant Programs The bill provides funding for specified DOE loan programs, including certain loans issued under the Energy Policy Act of 2005; loans for facilities that manufacture advanced vehicles that emit either a low amount of or no amount of greenhouse gas emissions; and loans for the domestic production of efficient hybrid, plug-in electric hybrid, plug-in electric drive, and hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles. The bill also provides funding to support financing of energy infrastructure projects, including projects to replace nonoperational energy infrastructure or reduce the emissions of energy infrastructure. Part 5--Electric Transmission The bill provides funding to DOE for a program that provides loans for the construction or modification of electric transmission facilities that are located within a national interest electric transmission corridor. Further, DOE is authorized to make grants to facilitate the siting of interstate electricity transmission lines. In addition, the bill provides funding to DOE for interregional and offshore wind electricity transmission planning, modeling, and analysis. Part 6--Industrial The bill also provides funding for DOE's Office of Clean Energy Demonstrations to carry out the advanced industrial facilities deployment program. Under the program, the office must deploy advanced industrial technology to accelerate the reduction and elimination of greenhouse gas emissions at industrial facilities. Part 7--Other Energy Matters In addition, the bill provides funding for other energy matters, such as infrastructure projects for DOE's national laboratories as well as efforts to increase the availability of high-assay low-enriched uranium, a fuel used in advanced nuclear reactors. Subtitle B--Natural Resources Part 1--General Provisions The bill provides funding for natural resources, water supplies, the Office of Insular Affairs, leases to develop energy on federal land, and other related issues. Part 2--Public Lands The bill provides funding to the Department of Interior to carry out projects for (1) the conservation, protection, and resiliency of lands and resources administered by the National Park Service (NPS) and the Bureau of Land Management (BLM); and (2) conservation and ecosystem and habitat restoration projects on lands administered by the NPS and the BLM. It also provides funding to the NPS to hire more employees and carry out priority deferred maintenance projects. Part 3--Drought Response and Preparedness The bill provides funding to the BLM for water supply projects, projects to cover water conveyance facilities with solar panels, and drought mitigation in western states. Part 4--Insular Affairs The bill provides funding to Interior's Office of Insular Affairs. The office must use the funding to provide technical assistance for climate change planning, mitigation, adaptation, and resilience to United States Insular Areas (i.e., American Samoa, Northern Mariana Islands, Guam, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands). Part 5--Offshore Wind The bill provides for the lease of federal land in the Outer Continental Shelf (OCS) for offshore wind development. Specifically, Interior may issue leases, easements, and rights-of-way in the OCS to produce, transport, store, or transmit energy from sources other than oil and gas (e.g., offshore wind energy sources) in land areas previously withdrawn from leasing. The bill (1) expands the definition of the OCS to include land that is within the U.S. exclusive economic zone and adjacent to any territory of the United States, and (2) allows Interior to conduct wind lease sales that are in such areas if the leases meet specified criteria. Part 6--Fossil Fuel Resources In addition, the bill modifies several provisions related to oil and gas leasing on public lands. For example, it increases the minimum royalty rates for oil and gas leases on federal land as well as offshore land in the OCS. It also increases rental rates and minimum bidding standards for onshore oil and gas leases and establishes a new fee that must be paid by any person who nominates public lands for such leasing. Further, it requires royalties to be paid for methane gas extracted from federal lands, including offshore lands as specified by the bill. Part 7--United States Geological Survey The bill provides funding for the United States Geological Survey to produce, collect, disseminate, and use 3D elevation data. Subtitle C--Environmental Reviews The bill provides funding to DOE, the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, and Interior for environmental reviews as specified under the bill. TITLE VI--COMMITTEE ON ENVIRONMENT AND PUBLIC WORKS Subtitle A--Air Pollution The bill provides funding to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to establish a greenhouse gas reduction fund and to support several programs that provide financial incentives to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and other air pollution emissions. For example, the bill provides incentives to replace eligible medium-duty vehicles (e.g., school buses) and heavy-duty vehicles (e.g., garbage trucks) with zero-emission vehicles, purchase or install equipment and technology to reduce pollution at ports, identify and reduce emissions from diesel engines, monitor air pollution and greenhouse gases, encourage states to adopt and implement greenhouse gas and zero-emission standards for mobile sources, and reduce methane emissions from petroleum and natural gas systems. The bill also provides funding to implement the renewable fuels programs and the American Innovation and Manufacturing Act. Subtitle B--Hazardous Materials In addition, the bill provides funding to the EPA for environmental and climate justice block grants that benefit disadvantaged communities. Subtitle C--United States Fish and Wildlife Service The bill provides funding to the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) to develop and implement recovery plans for the conservation and survival of endangered species and threatened species. It also provides funding to USFWS to rebuild and restore units of the National Wildlife Refuge System and state wildlife management areas by (1) addressing the threat of invasive species, (2) increasing the resiliency and capacity of habitats and infrastructure to withstand weather events, and (3) reducing the amount of damage caused by weather events. Subtitle D--Council on Environmental Quality The bill provides funding to the Council on Environmental Quality, including funding for (1) collecting data related to environmental and climate issues, (2) tracking disproportionate burdens and cumulative impacts, and (3) supporting efforts to ensure that any mapping or screening tool is accessible to community-based organizations and community members. Subtitle E--Transportation and Infrastructure This bill provides funding to the Federal Highway Administration and to the General Services Administration. Specifically, it provides funding to the Federal Highway Administration for the neighborhood access and equity grant program, the environmental review of transportation projects, and grants for the use of low-carbon construction materials and products on federally funded transportation projects. In addition, it provides funding to the Federal Building Fund for (1) converting and constructing federal facilities to high-performance green buildings, (2) acquiring and installing low-carbon materials and products in the construction of federal buildings, and (3) emerging and sustainable technologies as well as related sustainability and environmental programs. TITLE VII--COMMITTEE ON HOMELAND SECURITY AND GOVERNMENTAL AFFAIRS This bill provides funding for the oversight of this act as well as a variety of environmental programs, such as funding to the Department of Homeland Security for implementing sustainability and environmental programs, the U.S. Postal Service for purchasing zero-emission delivery vehicles and installing related infrastructure, and the Federal Emergency Management Agency so it may provide assistance under the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act for costs associated with low-carbon building materials as well as incentives that encourage low-carbon and net-zero energy projects. TITLE VIII--COMMITTEE ON INDIAN AFFAIRS This bill provides funding to assist Indian tribes address climate change, including funding to the Bureau of Indian Affairs and the Office of Native Hawaiian Relations for climate resilience and adaptation programs, the Bureau of Indian Affairs for a tribal electrification program, and the BLM for providing emergency drought relief to Indian tribes located in the western United States.

”

Estimated budgetary effects

The Congressional Budget Office produced the data in the following table showing the estimated budgetary effects of the Inflation Reduction Act from 2022 to 2031. Figures are listed in millions of dollars. Note that certain tax-related provisions are not included in this cost estimate.

Congressional action

Timeline

The following section provides an abbreviated timeline of key actions related to the Inflation Reduction Act.

• August 12, 2022: The House approved the bill in a 220-207 vote.
• August 7, 2022: The Senate approved the bill in a 51-50 vote.
• July 27, 2022: Senate Majority Leader Chuck Schumer (D-N.Y.) released legislative text for the Inflation Reduction Act.

Vote-a-rama

See also: Vote-a-ramas in the U.S. Senate

As part of the budget reconciliation process in the U.S. Senate, senators are allowed to propose amendments to the reconciliation bill after the debate period has ended. Senators briefly explain the amendment before the Senate proceeds to a roll call with a 10-minute duration. This process, sometimes called the vote-a-rama, has no procedural limit on the number of amendments that can be proposed.

During the vote-a-rama for the Inflation Reduction Act, 39 roll call votes were held on August 6-7, 2022.

Roll calls

House vote on the motion to concur (August 12, 2022)

The House voted 220-207 to pass the bill on August 12, 2022.

• All 220 Democrats voted yes.
• 207 Republicans voted no.
• 4 Republicans did not vote.

House vote to approve the motion to concur on the Inflation Reduction Act (August 12, 2022)
Representative	Party	State	Vote
Adams	Democratic	North Carolina	Yea
Aderholt	Republican	Alabama	Nay
Aguilar	Democratic	California	Yea
Allen	Republican	Georgia	Nay
Allred	Democratic	Texas	Yea
Amodei	Republican	Nevada	Nay
Armstrong	Republican	North Dakota	Nay
Arrington	Republican	Texas	Nay
Auchincloss	Democratic	Massachusetts	Yea
Axne	Democratic	Iowa	Yea
Babin	Republican	Texas	Nay
Bacon	Republican	Nebraska	Nay
Baird	Republican	Indiana	Nay
Balderson	Republican	Ohio	Nay
Banks	Republican	Indiana	Nay
Barr	Republican	Kentucky	Nay
Barragán	Democratic	California	Yea
Bass	Democratic	California	Yea
Beatty	Democratic	Ohio	Yea
Bentz	Republican	Oregon	Nay
Bera	Democratic	California	Yea
Bergman	Republican	Michigan	Nay
Beyer	Democratic	Virginia	Yea
Bice (OK)	Republican	Oklahoma	Nay
Biggs	Republican	Arizona	Nay
Bilirakis	Republican	Florida	Nay
Bishop (GA)	Democratic	Georgia	Yea
Bishop (NC)	Republican	North Carolina	Nay
Blumenauer	Democratic	Oregon	Yea
Blunt Rochester	Democratic	Delaware	Yea
Boebert	Republican	Colorado	Nay
Bonamici	Democratic	Oregon	Yea
Bost	Republican	Illinois	Nay
Bourdeaux	Democratic	Georgia	Yea
Bowman	Democratic	New York	Yea
Boyle, Brendan F.	Democratic	Pennsylvania	Yea
Brady	Republican	Texas	Nay
Brooks	Republican	Alabama	Nay
Brown (MD)	Democratic	Maryland	Yea
Brown (OH)	Democratic	Ohio	Yea
Brownley	Democratic	California	Yea
Buchanan	Republican	Florida	Nay
Buck	Republican	Colorado	Nay
Bucshon	Republican	Indiana	Nay
Budd	Republican	North Carolina	Nay
Burchett	Republican	Tennessee	Nay
Burgess	Republican	Texas	Nay
Bush	Democratic	Missouri	Yea
Bustos	Democratic	Illinois	Yea
Butterfield	Democratic	North Carolina	Yea
Calvert	Republican	California	Nay
Cammack	Republican	Florida	Nay
Carbajal	Democratic	California	Yea
Cárdenas	Democratic	California	Yea
Carey	Republican	Ohio	Nay
Carl	Republican	Alabama	Not Voting
Carson	Democratic	Indiana	Yea
Carter (GA)	Republican	Georgia	Nay
Carter (LA)	Democratic	Louisiana	Yea
Carter (TX)	Republican	Texas	Nay
Cartwright	Democratic	Pennsylvania	Yea
Case	Democratic	Hawaii	Yea
Casten	Democratic	Illinois	Yea
Castor (FL)	Democratic	Florida	Yea
Castro (TX)	Democratic	Texas	Yea
Cawthorn	Republican	North Carolina	Nay
Chabot	Republican	Ohio	Nay
Cheney	Republican	Wyoming	Nay
Cherfilus-McCormick	Democratic	Florida	Yea
Chu	Democratic	California	Yea
Cicilline	Democratic	Rhode Island	Yea
Clark (MA)	Democratic	Massachusetts	Yea
Clarke (NY)	Democratic	New York	Yea
Cleaver	Democratic	Missouri	Yea
Cline	Republican	Virginia	Nay
Cloud	Republican	Texas	Nay
Clyburn	Democratic	South Carolina	Yea
Clyde	Republican	Georgia	Nay
Cohen	Democratic	Tennessee	Yea
Cole	Republican	Oklahoma	Nay
Comer	Republican	Kentucky	Nay
Connolly	Democratic	Virginia	Yea
Conway	Republican	California	Nay
Cooper	Democratic	Tennessee	Yea
Correa	Democratic	California	Yea
Costa	Democratic	California	Yea
Courtney	Democratic	Connecticut	Yea
Craig	Democratic	Minnesota	Yea
Crawford	Republican	Arkansas	Nay
Crenshaw	Republican	Texas	Nay
Crist	Democratic	Florida	Yea
Crow	Democratic	Colorado	Yea
Cuellar	Democratic	Texas	Yea
Curtis	Republican	Utah	Nay
Davids (KS)	Democratic	Kansas	Yea
Davidson	Republican	Ohio	Nay
Davis, Danny K.	Democratic	Illinois	Yea
Davis, Rodney	Republican	Illinois	Nay
Dean	Democratic	Pennsylvania	Yea
DeFazio	Democratic	Oregon	Yea
DeGette	Democratic	Colorado	Yea
DeLauro	Democratic	Connecticut	Yea
DelBene	Democratic	Washington	Yea
Demings	Democratic	Florida	Yea
DeSaulnier	Democratic	California	Yea
DesJarlais	Republican	Tennessee	Nay
Deutch	Democratic	Florida	Yea
Diaz-Balart	Republican	Florida	Nay
Dingell	Democratic	Michigan	Yea
Doggett	Democratic	Texas	Yea
Donalds	Republican	Florida	Nay
Doyle, Michael F.	Democratic	Pennsylvania	Yea
Duncan	Republican	South Carolina	Nay
Dunn	Republican	Florida	Nay
Ellzey	Republican	Texas	Nay
Emmer	Republican	Minnesota	Nay
Escobar	Democratic	Texas	Yea
Eshoo	Democratic	California	Yea
Espaillat	Democratic	New York	Yea
Estes	Republican	Kansas	Nay
Evans	Democratic	Pennsylvania	Yea
Fallon	Republican	Texas	Nay
Feenstra	Republican	Iowa	Nay
Ferguson	Republican	Georgia	Nay
Finstad	Republican	Minnesota	Nay
Fischbach	Republican	Minnesota	Nay
Fitzgerald	Republican	Wisconsin	Nay
Fitzpatrick	Republican	Pennsylvania	Nay
Fleischmann	Republican	Tennessee	Nay
Fletcher	Democratic	Texas	Yea
Flood	Republican	Nebraska	Nay
Flores	Republican	Texas	Nay
Foster	Democratic	Illinois	Yea
Foxx	Republican	North Carolina	Nay
Frankel, Lois	Democratic	Florida	Yea
Franklin, C. Scott	Republican	Florida	Nay
Fulcher	Republican	Idaho	Nay
Gaetz	Republican	Florida	Nay
Gallagher	Republican	Wisconsin	Not Voting
Gallego	Democratic	Arizona	Yea
Garamendi	Democratic	California	Yea
Garbarino	Republican	New York	Nay
Garcia (CA)	Republican	California	Nay
García (IL)	Democratic	Illinois	Yea
Garcia (TX)	Democratic	Texas	Yea
Gibbs	Republican	Ohio	Nay
Gimenez	Republican	Florida	Nay
Gohmert	Republican	Texas	Nay
Golden	Democratic	Maine	Yea
Gomez	Democratic	California	Yea
Gonzales, Tony	Republican	Texas	Nay
Gonzalez (OH)	Republican	Ohio	Nay
Gonzalez, Vicente	Democratic	Texas	Yea
Good (VA)	Republican	Virginia	Nay
Gooden (TX)	Republican	Texas	Nay
Gosar	Republican	Arizona	Nay
Gottheimer	Democratic	New Jersey	Yea
Granger	Republican	Texas	Nay
Graves (LA)	Republican	Louisiana	Nay
Graves (MO)	Republican	Missouri	Nay
Green (TN)	Republican	Tennessee	Nay
Green, Al (TX)	Democratic	Texas	Yea
Greene (GA)	Republican	Georgia	Nay
Griffith	Republican	Virginia	Nay
Grijalva	Democratic	Arizona	Yea
Grothman	Republican	Wisconsin	Nay
Guest	Republican	Mississippi	Nay
Guthrie	Republican	Kentucky	Nay
Harder (CA)	Democratic	California	Yea
Harris	Republican	Maryland	Nay
Harshbarger	Republican	Tennessee	Nay
Hartzler	Republican	Missouri	Nay
Hayes	Democratic	Connecticut	Yea
Hern	Republican	Oklahoma	Nay
Herrell	Republican	New Mexico	Nay
Herrera Beutler	Republican	Washington	Nay
Hice (GA)	Republican	Georgia	Nay
Higgins (LA)	Republican	Louisiana	Nay
Higgins (NY)	Democratic	New York	Yea
Hill	Republican	Arkansas	Nay
Himes	Democratic	Connecticut	Yea
Hinson	Republican	Iowa	Nay
Hollingsworth	Republican	Indiana	Nay
Horsford	Democratic	Nevada	Yea
Houlahan	Democratic	Pennsylvania	Yea
Hoyer	Democratic	Maryland	Yea
Hudson	Republican	North Carolina	Nay
Huffman	Democratic	California	Yea
Huizenga	Republican	Michigan	Nay
Issa	Republican	California	Nay
Jackson	Republican	Texas	Nay
Jackson Lee	Democratic	Texas	Yea
Jacobs (CA)	Democratic	California	Yea
Jacobs (NY)	Republican	New York	Nay
Jayapal	Democratic	Washington	Yea
Jeffries	Democratic	New York	Yea
Johnson (GA)	Democratic	Georgia	Yea
Johnson (LA)	Republican	Louisiana	Nay
Johnson (OH)	Republican	Ohio	Nay
Johnson (SD)	Republican	South Dakota	Nay
Johnson (TX)	Democratic	Texas	Yea
Jones	Democratic	New York	Yea
Jordan	Republican	Ohio	Nay
Joyce (OH)	Republican	Ohio	Nay
Joyce (PA)	Republican	Pennsylvania	Nay
Kahele	Democratic	Hawaii	Yea
Kaptur	Democratic	Ohio	Yea
Katko	Republican	New York	Nay
Keating	Democratic	Massachusetts	Yea
Keller	Republican	Pennsylvania	Nay
Kelly (IL)	Democratic	Illinois	Yea
Kelly (MS)	Republican	Mississippi	Nay
Kelly (PA)	Republican	Pennsylvania	Nay
Khanna	Democratic	California	Yea
Kildee	Democratic	Michigan	Yea
Kilmer	Democratic	Washington	Yea
Kim (CA)	Republican	California	Nay
Kim (NJ)	Democratic	New Jersey	Yea
Kind	Democratic	Wisconsin	Yea
Kinzinger	Republican	Illinois	Nay
Kirkpatrick	Democratic	Arizona	Yea
Krishnamoorthi	Democratic	Illinois	Yea
Kuster	Democratic	New Hampshire	Yea
Kustoff	Republican	Tennessee	Nay
LaHood	Republican	Illinois	Nay
LaMalfa	Republican	California	Nay
Lamb	Democratic	Pennsylvania	Yea
Lamborn	Republican	Colorado	Nay
Langevin	Democratic	Rhode Island	Yea
Larsen (WA)	Democratic	Washington	Yea
Larson (CT)	Democratic	Connecticut	Yea
Latta	Republican	Ohio	Nay
LaTurner	Republican	Kansas	Nay
Lawrence	Democratic	Michigan	Yea
Lawson (FL)	Democratic	Florida	Yea
Lee (CA)	Democratic	California	Yea
Lee (NV)	Democratic	Nevada	Yea
Leger Fernandez	Democratic	New Mexico	Yea
Lesko	Republican	Arizona	Nay
Letlow	Republican	Louisiana	Nay
Levin (CA)	Democratic	California	Yea
Levin (MI)	Democratic	Michigan	Yea
Lieu	Democratic	California	Yea
Lofgren	Democratic	California	Yea
Long	Republican	Missouri	Nay
Loudermilk	Republican	Georgia	Nay
Lowenthal	Democratic	California	Yea
Lucas	Republican	Oklahoma	Nay
Luetkemeyer	Republican	Missouri	Nay
Luria	Democratic	Virginia	Yea
Lynch	Democratic	Massachusetts	Yea
Mace	Republican	South Carolina	Nay
Malinowski	Democratic	New Jersey	Yea
Malliotakis	Republican	New York	Nay
Maloney, Carolyn B.	Democratic	New York	Yea
Maloney, Sean	Democratic	New York	Yea
Mann	Republican	Kansas	Nay
Manning	Democratic	North Carolina	Yea
Massie	Republican	Kentucky	Nay
Mast	Republican	Florida	Nay
Matsui	Democratic	California	Yea
McBath	Democratic	Georgia	Yea
McCarthy	Republican	California	Nay
McCaul	Republican	Texas	Nay
McClain	Republican	Michigan	Nay
McClintock	Republican	California	Nay
McCollum	Democratic	Minnesota	Yea
McEachin	Democratic	Virginia	Yea
McGovern	Democratic	Massachusetts	Yea
McHenry	Republican	North Carolina	Nay
McKinley	Republican	West Virginia	Nay
McNerney	Democratic	California	Yea
Meeks	Democratic	New York	Yea
Meijer	Republican	Michigan	Nay
Meng	Democratic	New York	Yea
Meuser	Republican	Pennsylvania	Nay
Mfume	Democratic	Maryland	Yea
Miller (IL)	Republican	Illinois	Nay
Miller (WV)	Republican	West Virginia	Nay
Miller-Meeks	Republican	Iowa	Nay
Moolenaar	Republican	Michigan	Nay
Mooney	Republican	West Virginia	Nay
Moore (AL)	Republican	Alabama	Nay
Moore (UT)	Republican	Utah	Nay
Moore (WI)	Democratic	Wisconsin	Yea
Morelle	Democratic	New York	Yea
Moulton	Democratic	Massachusetts	Yea
Mrvan	Democratic	Indiana	Yea
Mullin	Republican	Oklahoma	Nay
Murphy (FL)	Democratic	Florida	Yea
Murphy (NC)	Republican	North Carolina	Nay
Nadler	Democratic	New York	Yea
Napolitano	Democratic	California	Yea
Neal	Democratic	Massachusetts	Yea
Neguse	Democratic	Colorado	Yea
Nehls	Republican	Texas	Nay
Newhouse	Republican	Washington	Nay
Newman	Democratic	Illinois	Yea
Norcross	Democratic	New Jersey	Yea
Norman	Republican	South Carolina	Nay
O'Halleran	Democratic	Arizona	Yea
Obernolte	Republican	California	Nay
Ocasio-Cortez	Democratic	New York	Yea
Omar	Democratic	Minnesota	Yea
Owens	Republican	Utah	Nay
Palazzo	Republican	Mississippi	Nay
Pallone	Democratic	New Jersey	Yea
Palmer	Republican	Alabama	Nay
Panetta	Democratic	California	Yea
Pappas	Democratic	New Hampshire	Yea
Pascrell	Democratic	New Jersey	Yea
Payne	Democratic	New Jersey	Yea
Pelosi	Democratic	California	Yea
Pence	Republican	Indiana	Not Voting
Perlmutter	Democratic	Colorado	Yea
Perry	Republican	Pennsylvania	Nay
Peters	Democratic	California	Yea
Pfluger	Republican	Texas	Nay
Phillips	Democratic	Minnesota	Yea
Pingree	Democratic	Maine	Yea
Pocan	Democratic	Wisconsin	Yea
Porter	Democratic	California	Yea
Posey	Republican	Florida	Nay
Pressley	Democratic	Massachusetts	Yea
Price (NC)	Democratic	North Carolina	Yea
Quigley	Democratic	Illinois	Yea
Raskin	Democratic	Maryland	Yea
Reschenthaler	Republican	Pennsylvania	Nay
Rice (NY)	Democratic	New York	Yea
Rice (SC)	Republican	South Carolina	Nay
Rodgers (WA)	Republican	Washington	Nay
Rogers (AL)	Republican	Alabama	Not Voting
Rogers (KY)	Republican	Kentucky	Nay
Rose	Republican	Tennessee	Nay
Rosendale	Republican	Montana	Nay
Ross	Democratic	North Carolina	Yea
Rouzer	Republican	North Carolina	Nay
Roy	Republican	Texas	Nay
Roybal-Allard	Democratic	California	Yea
Ruiz	Democratic	California	Yea
Ruppersberger	Democratic	Maryland	Yea
Rush	Democratic	Illinois	Yea
Rutherford	Republican	Florida	Nay
Ryan	Democratic	Ohio	Yea
Salazar	Republican	Florida	Nay
Sánchez	Democratic	California	Yea
Sarbanes	Democratic	Maryland	Yea
Scalise	Republican	Louisiana	Nay
Scanlon	Democratic	Pennsylvania	Yea
Schakowsky	Democratic	Illinois	Yea
Schiff	Democratic	California	Yea
Schneider	Democratic	Illinois	Yea
Schrader	Democratic	Oregon	Yea
Schrier	Democratic	Washington	Yea
Schweikert	Republican	Arizona	Nay
Scott (VA)	Democratic	Virginia	Yea
Scott, Austin	Republican	Georgia	Nay
Scott, David	Democratic	Georgia	Yea
Sessions	Republican	Texas	Nay
Sewell	Democratic	Alabama	Yea
Sherman	Democratic	California	Yea
Sherrill	Democratic	New Jersey	Yea
Simpson	Republican	Idaho	Nay
Sires	Democratic	New Jersey	Yea
Slotkin	Democratic	Michigan	Yea
Smith (MO)	Republican	Missouri	Nay
Smith (NE)	Republican	Nebraska	Nay
Smith (NJ)	Republican	New Jersey	Nay
Smith (WA)	Democratic	Washington	Yea
Smucker	Republican	Pennsylvania	Nay
Soto	Democratic	Florida	Yea
Spanberger	Democratic	Virginia	Yea
Spartz	Republican	Indiana	Nay
Speier	Democratic	California	Yea
Stansbury	Democratic	New Mexico	Yea
Stanton	Democratic	Arizona	Yea
Stauber	Republican	Minnesota	Nay
Steel	Republican	California	Nay
Stefanik	Republican	New York	Nay
Steil	Republican	Wisconsin	Nay
Steube	Republican	Florida	Nay
Stevens	Democratic	Michigan	Yea
Stewart	Republican	Utah	Nay
Strickland	Democratic	Washington	Yea
Suozzi	Democratic	New York	Yea
Swalwell	Democratic	California	Yea
Takano	Democratic	California	Yea
Taylor	Republican	Texas	Nay
Tenney	Republican	New York	Nay
Thompson (CA)	Democratic	California	Yea
Thompson (MS)	Democratic	Mississippi	Yea
Thompson (PA)	Republican	Pennsylvania	Nay
Tiffany	Republican	Wisconsin	Nay
Timmons	Republican	South Carolina	Nay
Titus	Democratic	Nevada	Yea
Tlaib	Democratic	Michigan	Yea
Tonko	Democratic	New York	Yea
Torres (CA)	Democratic	California	Yea
Torres (NY)	Democratic	New York	Yea
Trahan	Democratic	Massachusetts	Yea
Trone	Democratic	Maryland	Yea
Turner	Republican	Ohio	Nay
Underwood	Democratic	Illinois	Yea
Upton	Republican	Michigan	Nay
Valadao	Republican	California	Nay
Van Drew	Republican	New Jersey	Nay
Van Duyne	Republican	Texas	Nay
Vargas	Democratic	California	Yea
Veasey	Democratic	Texas	Yea
Velázquez	Democratic	New York	Yea
Wagner	Republican	Missouri	Nay
Walberg	Republican	Michigan	Nay
Waltz	Republican	Florida	Nay
Wasserman Schultz	Democratic	Florida	Yea
Waters	Democratic	California	Yea
Watson Coleman	Democratic	New Jersey	Yea
Weber (TX)	Republican	Texas	Nay
Webster (FL)	Republican	Florida	Nay
Welch	Democratic	Vermont	Yea
Wenstrup	Republican	Ohio	Nay
Westerman	Republican	Arkansas	Nay
Wexton	Democratic	Virginia	Yea
Wild	Democratic	Pennsylvania	Yea
Williams (GA)	Democratic	Georgia	Yea
Williams (TX)	Republican	Texas	Nay
Wilson (FL)	Democratic	Florida	Yea
Wilson (SC)	Republican	South Carolina	Nay
Wittman	Republican	Virginia	Nay
Womack	Republican	Arkansas	Nay
Yarmuth	Democratic	Kentucky	Yea
Zeldin	Republican	New York	Nay

Senate vote on passage (August 7, 2022)

The Senate voted 51-50 to pass the bill on August 7, 2022.

• All 48 Democrats and the two Independents who caucus with Democrats voted yes.
• Vice President Kamala Harris (D) cast a tie-breaking vote in favor of passage.
• All 50 Republicans voted no.

Senate vote to pass the Inflation Reduction Act (August 7, 2022)
Senator	Party	State	Vote
Baldwin	Democratic	WI	Yea
Barrasso	Republican	WY	Nay
Bennet	Democratic	CO	Yea
Blackburn	Republican	TN	Nay
Blumenthal	Democratic	CT	Yea
Blunt	Republican	MO	Nay
Booker	Democratic	NJ	Yea
Boozman	Republican	AR	Nay
Braun	Republican	IN	Nay
Brown	Democratic	OH	Yea
Burr	Republican	NC	Nay
Cantwell	Democratic	WA	Yea
Capito	Republican	WV	Nay
Cardin	Democratic	MD	Yea
Carper	Democratic	DE	Yea
Casey	Democratic	PA	Yea
Cassidy	Republican	LA	Nay
Collins	Republican	ME	Nay
Coons	Democratic	DE	Yea
Cornyn	Republican	TX	Nay
Cortez Masto	Democratic	NV	Yea
Cotton	Republican	AR	Nay
Cramer	Republican	ND	Nay
Crapo	Republican	ID	Nay
Cruz	Republican	TX	Nay
Daines	Republican	MT	Nay
Duckworth	Democratic	IL	Yea
Durbin	Democratic	IL	Yea
Ernst	Republican	IA	Nay
Feinstein	Democratic	CA	Yea
Fischer	Republican	NE	Nay
Gillibrand	Democratic	NY	Yea
Graham	Republican	SC	Nay
Grassley	Republican	IA	Nay
Hagerty	Republican	TN	Nay
Hassan	Democratic	NH	Yea
Hawley	Republican	MO	Nay
Heinrich	Democratic	NM	Yea
Hickenlooper	Democratic	CO	Yea
Hirono	Democratic	HI	Yea
Hoeven	Republican	ND	Nay
Hyde-Smith	Republican	MS	Nay
Inhofe	Republican	OK	Nay
Johnson	Republican	WI	Nay
Kaine	Democratic	VA	Yea
Kelly	Democratic	AZ	Yea
Kennedy	Republican	LA	Nay
King	Independent	ME	Yea
Klobuchar	Democratic	MN	Yea
Lankford	Republican	OK	Nay
Leahy	Democratic	VT	Yea
Lee	Republican	UT	Nay
Lujan	Democratic	NM	Yea
Lummis	Republican	WY	Nay
Manchin	Democratic	WV	Yea
Markey	Democratic	MA	Yea
Marshall	Republican	KS	Nay
McConnell	Republican	KY	Nay
Menendez	Democratic	NJ	Yea
Merkley	Democratic	OR	Yea
Moran	Republican	KS	Nay
Murkowski	Republican	AK	Nay
Murphy	Democratic	CT	Yea
Murray	Democratic	WA	Yea
Ossoff	Democratic	GA	Yea
Padilla	Democratic	CA	Yea
Paul	Republican	KY	Nay
Peters	Democratic	MI	Yea
Portman	Republican	OH	Nay
Reed	Democratic	RI	Yea
Risch	Republican	ID	Nay
Romney	Republican	UT	Nay
Rosen	Democratic	NV	Yea
Rounds	Republican	SD	Nay
Rubio	Republican	FL	Nay
Sanders	Independent	VT	Yea
Sasse	Republican	NE	Nay
Schatz	Democratic	HI	Yea
Schumer	Democratic	NY	Yea
Scott	Republican	FL	Nay
Scott	Republican	SC	Nay
Shaheen	Democratic	NH	Yea
Shelby	Republican	AL	Nay
Sinema	Democratic	AZ	Yea
Smith	Democratic	MN	Yea
Stabenow	Democratic	MI	Yea
Sullivan	Republican	AK	Nay
Tester	Democratic	MT	Yea
Thune	Republican	SD	Nay
Tillis	Republican	NC	Nay
Toomey	Republican	PA	Nay
Tuberville	Republican	AL	Nay
Van Hollen	Democratic	MD	Yea
Warner	Democratic	VA	Yea
Warnock	Democratic	GA	Yea
Warren	Democratic	MA	Yea
Whitehouse	Democratic	RI	Yea
Wicker	Republican	MS	Nay
Wyden	Democratic	OR	Yea
Young	Republican	IN	Nay

Key legislation during Biden administration

This section provides links to coverage of key federal legislation considered during the Biden administration. To be included, the bill must have met several of the following qualifying factors:

• Collaboration between the president and congressional leadership on the bill
• Use of the reconciliation process to pass the bill
• Changes to the congressional procedure to pass the bill
• Estimated cost of the bill as evaluated by the Congressional Budget Office
• Extent of public relations campaign to promote the bill
• Domestic and international policy ramifications

Legislation in the 118th Congress

• H.R.815: Making emergency supplemental appropriations for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2024, and for other purposes.
• Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023
• H.J.Res.7: Relating to a national emergency declared by the President on March 13, 2020.
• H.J.Res.30: Providing for congressional disapproval of the rule submitted by the Department of Labor relating to "Prudence and Loyalty in Selecting Plan Investments and Exercising Shareholder Rights"

Legislation in the 117th Congress

• Respect for Marriage Act of 2022
• Electoral Count Reform and Presidential Transition Improvement Act of 2022
• Inflation Reduction Act of 2022
• Bipartisan Safer Communities Act of 2022
• Freedom to Vote: John R. Lewis Act (amendment to H.R. 5746: NASA Enhanced Use Leasing Extension Act of 2021)
• American Rescue Plan Act of 2021
• Build Back Better Act
• Congressional Budget Resolution for Fiscal Year 2022
• For the People Act of 2021
• Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act of 2021

See also

• Build Back Better Act
• HR 1319—American Rescue Plan Act of 2021
• Filibuster and reconciliation in the United States Congress
• Arguments for and against the filibuster, 2021
• 117th Congress