Illinois Second District Appellate Court

	Illinois Second District Appellate Court
	Court information
Judges:	9
Founded:	1877
Salary:	Associates: $268,190
	Judicial selection
Method:	Partisan election of judges
Term:	10 years

The Illinois Second District Appellate Court is one of five districts of the Illinois Appellate Court. It encompasses the northern counties in Illinois, including some of the most populated areas in the state. The Second District court meets in Elgin, Illinois^[1]

The Second District Appellate Court includes the following counties: DeKalb, Kane, Kendall, Lake, and McHenry.^[2]

Published opinions of the Illinois Appellate Court can be found here.

Judges

Judge	Tenure	Appointed By
Susan Hutchinson	December 5, 1994 - Present	Elected
Robert McLaren	December 5, 1988 - Present	Elected
Joseph Birkett	2010 - Present	Elected
Chris Kennedy	December 5, 2022 - Present	Elected
Ann B. Jorgensen	2008 - Present	Elected
Mary Seminara-Schostok	2008 - Present	Elected
Margaret J. Mullen	May 11, 2023 - Present	Illinois Supreme Court

Judicial selection

See also: Judicial selection in Illinois

Judges on the appellate court are chosen by popular vote in partisan elections and serve 10-year terms, after which they must compete in uncontested, nonpartisan retention elections to remain on the court.^[5]

Qualifications

To serve on the appellate court, a judge must be:

a U.S. citizen;
a district resident; and
licensed to practice law in Illinois.^[5]

Presiding judge

The judges of each division select a presiding judge by peer vote to serve a one-year term.^[5]

Vacancies

In the event of a midterm vacancy, the Illinois Supreme Court is responsible for appointing an interim judge. If a judge is appointed more than 60 days before the next primary election, the judge must run in a partisan election in the next general or judicial election to remain on the court. The appointed judge's term will end on the first Monday in December after their election. If a judge is appointed less than 60 days before the next primary election, the judge will have to run in a partisan election to remain on the court in the second general election. The appointed judge's term will end on the first Monday in December after their election.^[5]

Salary

In 2024, the associate judges of the court received a salary of $268,190, according to the National Center for State Courts.^[6]

Elections

2024

See also: Illinois intermediate appellate court elections, 2024

The terms of 15 Illinois intermediate appellate court judges will expire on December 2, 2024. Nine seats were up for partisan election and six seats were up for retention election on November 5, 2024. A primary was scheduled for March 19, 2024. The filing deadline was December 4, 2023.

Judges with expiring terms

This is a list of the judges who were required to stand for retention election in 2024 in order to remain on the bench. Judges could choose not to stand for election.

■ David Ellis
■ William Holdridge
■ Thomas Hoffman
■ Susan Hutchinson
■ Robert Steigmann

Candidates and results

1st District: Connors Vacancy

General election

General election for Illinois 1st District Appellate Court

Incumbent Mary L. Mikva won election in the general election for Illinois 1st District Appellate Court on November 5, 2024.

		Candidate
✔		Mary L. Mikva (D)

	Incumbents are bolded and underlined.
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Democratic primary election

Democratic primary for Illinois 1st District Appellate Court

Incumbent Mary L. Mikva advanced from the Democratic primary for Illinois 1st District Appellate Court on March 19, 2024.

		Candidate	%	Votes
✔		Mary L. Mikva	100.0	434,524

	Incumbents are bolded and underlined. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 434,524
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1st District: Cunningham Vacancy

General election

General election for Illinois 1st District Appellate Court

Incumbent Cynthia Cobbs won election in the general election for Illinois 1st District Appellate Court on November 5, 2024.

		Candidate
✔		Cynthia Cobbs (D)

	Incumbents are bolded and underlined.
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Democratic primary election

Democratic primary for Illinois 1st District Appellate Court

Incumbent Cynthia Cobbs defeated Carolyn Gallagher in the Democratic primary for Illinois 1st District Appellate Court on March 19, 2024.

	Candidate	%	Votes
✔	Cynthia Cobbs	70.6	335,240
	Carolyn Gallagher	29.4	139,774

	Incumbents are bolded and underlined. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 475,014
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1st District: Delort Vacancy

General election

General election for Illinois 1st District Appellate Court

Incumbent Celia Gamrath won election in the general election for Illinois 1st District Appellate Court on November 5, 2024.

		Candidate	%	Votes
✔		Celia Gamrath (D)	100.0	670,212

	Incumbents are bolded and underlined. Source	Total votes: 670,212
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Democratic primary election

Democratic primary for Illinois 1st District Appellate Court

Incumbent Celia Gamrath defeated Leonard Murray in the Democratic primary for Illinois 1st District Appellate Court on March 19, 2024.

	Candidate	%	Votes
✔	Celia Gamrath	72.3	338,217
	Leonard Murray	27.7	129,259

	Incumbents are bolded and underlined. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 467,476
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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1st District: O'Neill Burke Vacancy

General election

General election for Illinois 1st District Appellate Court

Incumbent Carl A. Walker won election in the general election for Illinois 1st District Appellate Court on November 5, 2024.

		Candidate
✔		Carl A. Walker (D)

	Incumbents are bolded and underlined.
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Democratic primary election

Democratic primary for Illinois 1st District Appellate Court

Incumbent Carl A. Walker advanced from the Democratic primary for Illinois 1st District Appellate Court on March 19, 2024.

		Candidate	%	Votes
✔		Carl A. Walker	100.0	419,709

	Incumbents are bolded and underlined. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 419,709
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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3rd District: Lytton Vacancy

General election

General election for Illinois 3rd District Appellate Court

John C. Anderson and Kenton Skarin ran in the general election for Illinois 3rd District Appellate Court on November 5, 2024.

		Candidate
		John C. Anderson (D)
		Kenton Skarin (R)

	There are no incumbents in this race. The outcome of this election has not been called yet.
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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Democratic primary election

Democratic primary for Illinois 3rd District Appellate Court

John C. Anderson defeated incumbent Joseph P. Hettel in the Democratic primary for Illinois 3rd District Appellate Court on March 19, 2024.

	Candidate	%	Votes
✔	John C. Anderson	64.3	68,214
	Joseph P. Hettel	35.7	37,955

	Incumbents are bolded and underlined. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 106,169
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Republican primary election

Republican primary for Illinois 3rd District Appellate Court

Kenton Skarin advanced from the Republican primary for Illinois 3rd District Appellate Court on March 19, 2024.

		Candidate	%	Votes
✔		Kenton Skarin	100.0	92,612

	There were no incumbents in this race. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 92,612
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3rd District: O'Brien Vacancy

General election

General election for Illinois 3rd District Appellate Court

Incumbent Linda E. Davenport and Jason Helland ran in the general election for Illinois 3rd District Appellate Court on November 5, 2024.

		Candidate
		Linda E. Davenport (D)
		Jason Helland (R)

	Incumbents are bolded and underlined. The outcome of this election has not been called yet.
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Democratic primary election

Democratic primary for Illinois 3rd District Appellate Court

Incumbent Linda E. Davenport advanced from the Democratic primary for Illinois 3rd District Appellate Court on March 19, 2024.

		Candidate	%	Votes
✔		Linda E. Davenport	100.0	104,138

	Incumbents are bolded and underlined. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 104,138
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Republican primary election

Republican primary for Illinois 3rd District Appellate Court

Jason Helland advanced from the Republican primary for Illinois 3rd District Appellate Court on March 19, 2024.

		Candidate	%	Votes
✔		Jason Helland	100.0	92,426

	There were no incumbents in this race. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 92,426
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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3rd District: Schmidt Vacancy

General election

General election for Illinois 3rd District Appellate Court

Incumbent Lance R. Peterson and John F. Costello Jr. ran in the general election for Illinois 3rd District Appellate Court on November 5, 2024.

		Candidate
		Lance R. Peterson (D)
		John F. Costello Jr. (R)

	Incumbents are bolded and underlined. The outcome of this election has not been called yet.
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Democratic primary election

Democratic primary for Illinois 3rd District Appellate Court

Incumbent Lance R. Peterson advanced from the Democratic primary for Illinois 3rd District Appellate Court on March 19, 2024.

		Candidate	%	Votes
✔		Lance R. Peterson	100.0	102,552

	Incumbents are bolded and underlined. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 102,552
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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Republican primary election

Republican primary for Illinois 3rd District Appellate Court

John F. Costello Jr. advanced from the Republican primary for Illinois 3rd District Appellate Court on March 19, 2024.

		Candidate	%	Votes
✔		John F. Costello Jr.	100.0	92,389

	There were no incumbents in this race. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 92,389
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4th District: Holder White Vacancy

General election

General election for Illinois 4th District Appellate Court

Incumbent Eugene G. Doherty won election in the general election for Illinois 4th District Appellate Court on November 5, 2024.

		Candidate
✔		Eugene G. Doherty (R)

	Incumbents are bolded and underlined.
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Republican primary election

Republican primary for Illinois 4th District Appellate Court

Incumbent Eugene G. Doherty advanced from the Republican primary for Illinois 4th District Appellate Court on March 19, 2024.

		Candidate	%	Votes
✔		Eugene G. Doherty	100.0	119,401

	Incumbents are bolded and underlined. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 119,401
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4th District: Turner Vacancy

General election

General election for Illinois 4th District Appellate Court

Incumbent Amy Lannerd won election in the general election for Illinois 4th District Appellate Court on November 5, 2024.

		Candidate
✔		Amy Lannerd (R)

	Incumbents are bolded and underlined.
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Republican primary election

Republican primary for Illinois 4th District Appellate Court

Incumbent Amy Lannerd advanced from the Republican primary for Illinois 4th District Appellate Court on March 19, 2024.

		Candidate	%	Votes
✔		Amy Lannerd	100.0	119,441

	Incumbents are bolded and underlined. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 119,441
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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Judges not on the ballot

Mary Ellen Coghlan

2022

See also: Illinois intermediate appellate court elections, 2022

The terms of 12 Illinois intermediate appellate court judges expired on December 4, 2022, and one seat was up for special election. The 13 seats were up for partisan election or retention election on November 8, 2022. A primary was scheduled for June 28, 2022. The filing deadline for the partisan races were March 14, 2022. The filing deadline for the seat up for special election was April 4, 2022. The filing deadline for judicial retention was May 8, 2022.

Judges with expiring terms

Candidates and results

Partisan election

1st District: Hall Vacancy

General election

General election for Illinois 1st District Appellate Court

Debra B. Walker won election in the general election for Illinois 1st District Appellate Court on November 8, 2022.

		Candidate	%	Votes
✔		Debra B. Walker (D)	100.0	1,082,856

	There were no incumbents in this race. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 1,082,856
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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Democratic primary election

Democratic primary for Illinois 1st District Appellate Court

Debra B. Walker defeated Dominique C. Ross and Russell Hartigan in the Democratic primary for Illinois 1st District Appellate Court on June 28, 2022.

	Candidate	%	Votes
✔	Debra B. Walker	44.8	204,270
	Dominique C. Ross	34.3	156,240
	Russell Hartigan	20.9	95,243

	There were no incumbents in this race. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 455,753
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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1st District: Harris Vacancy

General election

Special general election for Illinois 1st District Appellate Court

Raymond W. Mitchell won election in the special general election for Illinois 1st District Appellate Court on November 8, 2022.

		Candidate	%	Votes
✔		Raymond W. Mitchell (D)	100.0	1,039,770

	There were no incumbents in this race. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 1,039,770
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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Democratic primary election

Special Democratic primary for Illinois 1st District Appellate Court

Raymond W. Mitchell defeated John H. Ehrlich and Devlin Schoop in the special Democratic primary for Illinois 1st District Appellate Court on June 28, 2022.

	Candidate	%	Votes
✔	Raymond W. Mitchell	45.2	200,436
	John H. Ehrlich	33.5	148,383
	Devlin Schoop	21.3	94,450

	There were no incumbents in this race. The results have been certified. Source 1 Source 2	Total votes: 443,269
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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2nd District: Burke Vacancy

General election

General election for Illinois 2nd District Appellate Court

Chris Kennedy defeated Susan Clancy Boles in the general election for Illinois 2nd District Appellate Court on November 8, 2022.

	Candidate	%	Votes
✔	Chris Kennedy (D)	52.8	302,525
	Susan Clancy Boles (R)	47.2	270,163

	There were no incumbents in this race. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 572,688
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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Democratic primary election

Democratic primary for Illinois 2nd District Appellate Court

Chris Kennedy defeated Erin Cartwright Weinstein and Mike Cortina in the Democratic primary for Illinois 2nd District Appellate Court on June 28, 2022.

	Candidate	%	Votes
✔	Chris Kennedy	40.4	38,045
	Erin Cartwright Weinstein	39.5	37,236
	Mike Cortina	20.1	18,924

	There were no incumbents in this race. The results have been certified. Source 1 Source 2 Source 3	Total votes: 94,205
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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Republican primary election

Republican primary for Illinois 2nd District Appellate Court

Susan Clancy Boles advanced from the Republican primary for Illinois 2nd District Appellate Court on June 28, 2022.

		Candidate	%	Votes
✔		Susan Clancy Boles	100.0	99,539

	There were no incumbents in this race. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 99,539
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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3rd District: Wright Vacancy

General election

General election for Illinois 3rd District Appellate Court

Incumbent Liam C. Brennan defeated Sonni Williams in the general election for Illinois 3rd District Appellate Court on November 8, 2022.

	Candidate	%	Votes
✔	Liam C. Brennan (R)	52.2	351,044
	Sonni Williams (D)	47.8	321,968

	Incumbents are bolded and underlined. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 673,012
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Democratic primary election

Democratic primary for Illinois 3rd District Appellate Court

Sonni Williams defeated James Murphy in the Democratic primary for Illinois 3rd District Appellate Court on June 28, 2022.

	Candidate	%	Votes
✔	Sonni Williams	53.1	59,372
	James Murphy	46.9	52,408

	There were no incumbents in this race. The results have been certified. Source 1 Source 2	Total votes: 111,780
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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Republican primary election

Republican primary for Illinois 3rd District Appellate Court

Incumbent Liam C. Brennan advanced from the Republican primary for Illinois 3rd District Appellate Court on June 28, 2022.

		Candidate	%	Votes
✔		Liam C. Brennan	100.0	120,523

	Incumbents are bolded and underlined. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 120,523
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5th District: Overstreet Vacancy

General election

General election for Illinois 5th District Appellate Court

Mike McHaney defeated Brian Roberts in the general election for Illinois 5th District Appellate Court on November 8, 2022.

	Candidate	%	Votes
✔	Mike McHaney (R)	64.5	413,778
	Brian Roberts (D)	35.5	227,429

	There were no incumbents in this race. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 641,207
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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Democratic primary election

Democratic primary for Illinois 5th District Appellate Court

Brian Roberts advanced from the Democratic primary for Illinois 5th District Appellate Court on June 28, 2022.

		Candidate	%	Votes
✔		Brian Roberts	100.0	60,960

	There were no incumbents in this race. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 60,960
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Republican primary election

Republican primary for Illinois 5th District Appellate Court

Mike McHaney defeated incumbent Barry L. Vaughan in the Republican primary for Illinois 5th District Appellate Court on June 28, 2022.

	Candidate	%	Votes
✔	Mike McHaney	56.6	94,115
	Barry L. Vaughan	43.4	72,129

	Incumbents are bolded and underlined. The results have been certified. Source 1 Source 2	Total votes: 166,244
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Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

Thomas DeVore (R)

Retention election

1st District: Howse's seat

Illinois 1st District Appellate Court, Nathaniel R. Howse's seat

Nathaniel R. Howse was retained to the Illinois 1st District Appellate Court on November 8, 2022 with 76.6% of the vote.

	Retention Vote	%	Votes
✔	Yes	76.6	865,929
	No	23.4	264,003
	Total Votes		1,129,932

It has been certified. Source

1st District: Connors' seat

Illinois 1st District Appellate Court, Maureen Connors' seat

Maureen Connors was retained to the Illinois 1st District Appellate Court on November 8, 2022 with 78.0% of the vote.

	Retention Vote	%	Votes
✔	Yes	78.0	885,163
	No	22.0	249,676
	Total Votes		1,134,839

It has been certified. Source

1st District: Smith's seat

Illinois 1st District Appellate Court, James Fitzgerald Smith's seat

James Fitzgerald Smith was retained to the Illinois 1st District Appellate Court on November 8, 2022 with 77.2% of the vote.

	Retention Vote	%	Votes
✔	Yes	77.2	888,618
	No	22.8	262,674
	Total Votes		1,151,292

It has been certified. Source

1st District: Delort's seat

Illinois 1st District Appellate Court, Mathias W. Delort's seat

Mathias W. Delort was retained to the Illinois 1st District Appellate Court on November 8, 2022 with 75.9% of the vote.

	Retention Vote	%	Votes
✔	Yes	75.9	852,545
	No	24.1	270,456
	Total Votes		1,123,001

It has been certified. Source

1st District: Reyes' seat

Illinois 1st District Appellate Court, Jesse G. Reyes' seat

Jesse G. Reyes was retained to the Illinois 1st District Appellate Court on November 8, 2022 with 78.2% of the vote.

	Retention Vote	%	Votes
✔	Yes	78.2	885,043
	No	21.8	246,755
	Total Votes		1,131,798

It has been certified. Source

1st District: Lavin's seat

Illinois 1st District Appellate Court, Terrence J. Lavin's seat

Terrence J. Lavin was retained to the Illinois 1st District Appellate Court on November 8, 2022 with 76.6% of the vote.

	Retention Vote	%	Votes
✔	Yes	76.6	868,964
	No	23.4	265,226
	Total Votes		1,134,190

It has been certified. Source

2nd District: Birkett's seat

Illinois 2nd District Appellate Court, Joseph Birkett's seat

Joseph Birkett was retained to the Illinois 2nd District Appellate Court on November 8, 2022 with 73.8% of the vote.

	Retention Vote	%	Votes
✔	Yes	73.8	694,575
	No	26.2	246,927
	Total Votes		941,502

It has been certified. Source

3rd District: Schmidt's seat

Daniel Schmidt's retention election was canceled after he withdrew.^[7]

5th District: Cates' seat

Illinois 5th District Appellate Court, Judy Cates' seat

Judy Cates was retained to the Illinois 5th District Appellate Court on November 8, 2022 with 74.8% of the vote.

	Retention Vote	%	Votes
✔	Yes	74.8	440,124
	No	25.2	148,536
	Total Votes		588,660

It has been certified. Source

2020

See also: Illinois intermediate appellate court elections, 2020

Judges with expiring terms

This is a list of the justices who had to stand for retention election in 2020 in order to remain on the bench. Justices could choose not to stand for election.

■ Ann B. Jorgensen
■ Mary Seminara-Schostok

2016

Judges who faced retention

■ Robert B. Spence (standing for retention to his circuit court; holds appellate seat by appointment)
■ Kathryn Zenoff (standing for retention to her circuit court; holds appellate seat by appointment)

Election results

November 8 general election

Judges of the Illinois Circuit Court stand for retention after their first full term. To be retained, a judge must receive at least 60 percent of the vote.^[8]^[9] Robert B. Spence was retained in the Illinois Sixteenth Circuit Court, Robert Spence Retention Election with 78.49 percent of the vote.

Illinois Sixteenth Circuit Court, Robert Spence Retention Election, 2016
Name	Yes votes
Robert B. Spence	78.49%
Source: Illinois Board of Elections, "Elections Results, General Election 11/8/2016," accessed November 28, 2018

Judges of the Illinois Circuit Court stand for retention after their first full term. To be retained, a judge must receive at least 60 percent of the vote.^[10]^[11] Kathryn Zenoff was retained in the Illinois Seventeenth Circuit Court, Kathryn Zenoff Retention Election with 83.84 percent of the vote.

Illinois Seventeenth Circuit Court, Kathryn Zenoff Retention Election, 2016
Name	Yes votes
Kathryn Zenoff	83.84%
Source: Illinois Board of Elections, "Elections Results, General Election 11/8/2016," accessed November 28, 2018

2014

Unopposed	Michael J. Burke (Bowman vacancy)

Retention

Judge	Election Vote
HutchinsonSusan Hutchinson	80.5% A

2012

Candidate	Incumbency	Party	Predecessor	Primary Vote	Election Vote
BirkettJoseph Birkett A	Yes	Republican	Vacancy of John O'Malley	A	100% A

Ethics

The Illinois Code of Judicial Conduct sets forth ethical guidelines and principles for the conduct of judges and judicial candidates in Illinois. It consists of four canons:

Canon 1: "A judge shall uphold and promote the independence, integrity, and impartiality of the judiciary and shall avoid impropriety and the appearance of impropriety in all of the judge's activities."
Canon 2: "A judge shall perform the duties of judicial office impartially, competently, and diligently."
Canon 3: "A judge shall conduct the judge's personal and extrajudicial activities to minimize the risk of conflict with the obligations of judicial office."
Canon 4: "A judge or judicial candidate shall not engage in political or campaign activity that is inconsistent with the independence, integrity, or impartiality of the judiciary."^[12]

The full text of the Illinois Code of Judicial Conduct can be found here.

Removal of judges

Judges in Illinois may be removed in one of two ways:

By the Illinois Courts Commission, which may hold a hearing upon a complaint from the Illinois Judicial Inquiry Board^[13]
By a two-thirds vote of the Illinois State Senate upon a majority vote for impeachment by the Illinois House of Representatives^[14]

Redistricting

See also: Redistricting in Illinois after the 2020 census

New state supreme court district maps were signed into law by Governor J.B. Pritzker (D) on June 4, 2021. The Illinois Supreme Court lifted a pause order on this map on Jan. 1, 2022, resulting in its full implementation. This was the first time the state updated its judicial districts map since they were first enacted in 1964.^[15]

An image of the enacted state Supreme Court district map appears on the right. Click here for an interactive viewer of the enacted Supreme Court map.

State profile

Demographic data for Illinois
	Illinois	U.S.
Total population:	12,839,047	316,515,021
Land area (sq mi):	55,519	3,531,905
Race and ethnicity**
White:	72.3%	73.6%
Black/African American:	14.3%	12.6%
Asian:	5%	5.1%
Native American:	0.2%	0.8%
Pacific Islander:	0%	0.2%
Two or more:	2.2%	3%
Hispanic/Latino:	16.5%	17.1%
Education
High school graduation rate:	87.9%	86.7%
College graduation rate:	32.3%	29.8%
Income
Median household income:	$57,574	$53,889
Persons below poverty level:	16.8%	11.3%
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, "American Community Survey" (5-year estimates 2010-2015) Click here for more information on the 2020 census and here for more on its impact on the redistricting process in Illinois. **Note: Percentages for race and ethnicity may add up to more than 100 percent because respondents may report more than one race and the Hispanic/Latino ethnicity may be selected in conjunction with any race. Read more about race and ethnicity in the census here.

Presidential voting pattern

See also: Presidential voting trends in Illinois

Illinois voted for the Democratic candidate in all six presidential elections between 2000 and 2020.

Pivot Counties (2016)

Ballotpedia identified 206 counties that voted for Donald Trump (R) in 2016 after voting for Barack Obama (D) in 2008 and 2012. Collectively, Trump won these Pivot Counties by more than 580,000 votes. Of these 206 counties, 11 are located in Illinois, accounting for 5.34 percent of the total pivot counties.^[16]

Pivot Counties (2020)

In 2020, Ballotpedia re-examined the 206 Pivot Counties to view their voting patterns following that year's presidential election. Ballotpedia defined those won by Trump won as Retained Pivot Counties and those won by Joe Biden (D) as Boomerang Pivot Counties. Nationwide, there were 181 Retained Pivot Counties and 25 Boomerang Pivot Counties. Illinois had 11 Retained Pivot Counties, 6.08 percent of all Retained Pivot Counties.

More Illinois coverage on Ballotpedia

External links

Illinois Courts website, Second District Appellate Court

Footnotes

↑ Illinois Courts, "Illinois Appellate Court General Information," accessed April 30, 2024
↑ Illinois Courts, "Illinois Judicial District Map," accessed April 30, 2024
↑ Four Illinois appellate court districts were founded in 1877, but they were reorganized into five districts in 1964. See: Nineteenth Judicial Circuit Court, "History of the Illinois Courts," accessed July 8, 2014
↑ The salary of the chief judge may be higher than an associate judge.
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 ^5.3 National Center for State Courts, "Methods of Judicial Selection," accessed September 8, 2021
↑ National Center for State Courts, "2024 Salaries and Rankings," accessed October 7, 2024
↑ Illinois State Board of Elections, "Candidate List," accessed October 18, 2022
↑ Illinois State Bar Association, "Judicial Evaluations - How it works," accessed November 19, 2019
↑ American Judicature Society, "Methods of Judicial Selection: Illinois," archived October 2, 2014
↑ Illinois State Bar Association, "Judicial Evaluations - How it works," accessed November 19, 2019
↑ American Judicature Society, "Methods of Judicial Selection: Illinois," archived October 2, 2014
↑ State of Illinois, "Code of Judicial Conduct," accessed July 17, 2023
↑ State of Illinois Judicial Inquiry Board, "Frequently Asked Questions," accessed July 17, 2023
↑ Constitution of the State of Illinois, "ARTICLE IV," accessed July 17, 2023
↑ Daily Herald, "Illinois Supreme Court lifts hold on judicial redistricting," Dec. 8, 2021
↑ The raw data for this study was provided by Dave Leip of Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections.

Illinois courts

Federal courts:

Seventh Circuit Court of Appeals • U.S. District Court: Central District of Illinois, Northern District of Illinois, Southern District of Illinois • U.S. Bankruptcy Court: Central District of Illinois, Northern District of Illinois, Southern District of Illinois

State courts:

Illinois Supreme Court • Illinois Appellate Court • Illinois Circuit Court

State resources:

Courts in Illinois • Illinois judicial elections • Judicial selection in Illinois

[1] Illinois Courts, "Illinois Appellate Court General Information," accessed April 30, 2024

[2] Illinois Courts, "Illinois Judicial District Map," accessed April 30, 2024

[3] Four Illinois appellate court districts were founded in 1877, but they were reorganized into five districts in 1964. See: Nineteenth Judicial Circuit Court, "History of the Illinois Courts," accessed July 8, 2014

[4] The salary of the chief judge may be higher than an associate judge.

[ILselect-5] 5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 ^5.3 National Center for State Courts, "Methods of Judicial Selection," accessed September 8, 2021

[6] National Center for State Courts, "2024 Salaries and Rankings," accessed October 7, 2024

[withdrew-7] Illinois State Board of Elections, "Candidate List," accessed October 18, 2022

[8] Illinois State Bar Association, "Judicial Evaluations - How it works," accessed November 19, 2019

[9] American Judicature Society, "Methods of Judicial Selection: Illinois," archived October 2, 2014

[10] Illinois State Bar Association, "Judicial Evaluations - How it works," accessed November 19, 2019

[11] American Judicature Society, "Methods of Judicial Selection: Illinois," archived October 2, 2014

[12] State of Illinois, "Code of Judicial Conduct," accessed July 17, 2023

[13] State of Illinois Judicial Inquiry Board, "Frequently Asked Questions," accessed July 17, 2023

[14] Constitution of the State of Illinois, "ARTICLE IV," accessed July 17, 2023

[15] Daily Herald, "Illinois Supreme Court lifts hold on judicial redistricting," Dec. 8, 2021

[16] The raw data for this study was provided by Dave Leip of Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections.

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Illinois Second District Appellate Court

Court information
Judges:	9
Founded:	1877^[3]
Salary:	Associates: $268,190^[4]
Judicial selection
Method:	Partisan election of judges
Term:	10 years

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