Federal judges nominated by Joe Biden

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U.S. Federal Courts
Vacancies and Nominations
Judicial vacancies in federal courts • Judicial vacancies during the Biden administration • Federal judges nominated by Joe Biden • Federal judicial appointments by president • Supreme Court vacancy, 2022
ABA ratings of presidential federal judicial nominees • ABA ratings during the Biden administration • ABA ratings during the Trump administration


Since taking office, President Joe Biden (D) has nominated 252 individuals to federal judgeships on Article III courts. As of November 21, 2024, 219 of the nominees have been confirmed.[1]

Ballotpedia publishes the federal vacancy count report tracking vacancies, nominations, and confirmations to all United States Article III federal courts each month. In the most recent report covering activity in November 2024, there were 46 Article III vacancies in the federal judiciary. To learn more about current vacancies in the federal judiciary, click here.

On February 28, 2022, President Joe Biden (D) nominated Ketanji Brown Jackson to the United States Supreme Court to replace Justice Stephen Breyer, who announced his intent to retire at the start of the court's summer recess, which typically takes place in late June or early July.[2] The U.S. Senate confirmed Jackson on April 7, 2022, by a vote of 53-47.[3] Click here to read more.

This page provides an overview of the status of federal judicial nominees appointed by President Joe Biden (D). This page also provides additional procedural and historical context about Biden's judicial nominees and the nomination records of previous presidents, including the following information:

The list of nominees is updated daily, and the comparisons are updated monthly.

Status of Supreme Court nominees appointed by Biden

Ketanji Brown Jackson

See also: Supreme Court vacancy, 2022

Ketanji Brown Jackson was sworn in to serve on the United States Supreme Court on June 30, 2022, the same day Stephen Breyer retired from the court.[4][5]

Breyer officially announced his retirement on January 27.[6][7] President Joe Biden (D) said he would nominate Jackson to fill Breyer's vacancy on February 25.[8] Jackson was confirmed by the Senate in a 53-47 vote on April 7, 2022.[9]

Writing for SCOTUSblog, Amy Howe wrote: "Although Breyer is apparently in good health and by all accounts enjoys his job, Democrats began calling for him to retire shortly after the 2020 election so that President Joe Biden could nominate a younger judge to take his place."[10] Breyer said on June 29 that his retirement would take effect the following day.[4]

Jackson was appointed to the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit by Biden in 2021 and the Senate confirmed her the same year. She served on the United States District Court for the District of Columbia from 2013 to 2021, and as a vice-chair and commissioner on the United States Sentencing Commission from 2010 to 2014.[11] Jackson has previously clerked for Breyer during his tenure on the Supreme Court, worked as a lawyer in private practice, and as an assistant federal public defender.[12]

Article II, Section 2 of the U.S. Constitution gives the President of the United States the authority to nominate Supreme Court justices, and they are appointed with the advice and consent of the Senate.

The average vacancy length on the Supreme Court since 1962—when defined as the length of time elapsed between a Justice’s departure date and the swearing-in of their successor—is 86 days. Four of these vacancies lasted for only a few hours each, with the successor being sworn in the same day the retiring Justice officially left office. The longest vacancy under this definition was 422 days, following the death of Justice Antonin Scalia.

Appointments by court type

The following chart from the monthly federal vacancy count report for November 1, 2024, details the number of appointments made by President Biden to each type of Article III federal court since taking office. This chart is updated at the start of each month with new appointments data.




Historical context

Appointments since Theodore Roosevelt

See also: Federal judicial appointments by president

The following chart shows the total judgeship appointments made by each president from 1901 to 2021.

The following chart shows the judgeship appointments by court made by each president from 1901 to 2021. The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit is abbreviated as USCAFC. The U.S. Court of Federal Claims, previously known as the U.S. Court of Claims, is abbreviated USCFC.

The following chart shows the average number of judicial appointments per year in office by presidents from 1901 to 2021.


The chart below shows the number of appeals court judges confirmed by the U.S. Senate through November 1 of the fourth year of each president's term in office. At this point in the term, President Trump had the most appeals court appointments with 53.


The chart below shows the number of district court judges confirmed by the U.S. Senate through November 1 of the fourth year of each president's term in office. At this point in the term, President Bill Clinton had the most district court appointments with 169.


Vacancies by month

The following chart shows the total number of judicial vacancies at the start of each month under the Biden administration beginning in January 2021. This number comes from vacancies in the U.S. Court of Appeals, U.S. District Courts, U.S. Court of International Trade, U.S. Court of Federal Claims, and the U.S. Supreme Court.[13] This chart is updated at the start of each month with new vacancy data.

Nominations and confirmations by month

At the start of each month, Ballotpedia charts the number of new nominations, confirmations, and ongoing nominations during the Biden administration. These numbers come from nominations and confirmations in the U.S. Court of Appeals, U.S. District Courts, U.S. Court of International Trade, and the U.S. Supreme Court. The ongoing nominations figures are calculated using the number of nominees awaiting action in the U.S. Senate. This chart is updated at the start of each month with new nominations and confirmations data.



Current judicial vacancies

See also: Current federal judicial vacancies

According to U.S. Courts, there are 40 current Article III vacancies in the federal judiciary of 870 total Article III judgeships. Including non-Article III judges from the United States Court of Federal Claims and the United States territorial courts, there are 40 vacancies out of 890 active federal judicial positions.[14]

Article III judges serve on courts authorized by Article III of the Constitution, which created and enumerated the powers of the judiciary. They are appointed for life terms. A vacancy occurs when a judge resigns, retires, takes senior status, or passes away. In the event of a scheduled upcoming vacancy, the president may submit a nomination to the U.S. Senate prior to the vacancy taking effect.

There are five key steps in the vacancy process: a presidential nomination, a U.S. Senate committee hearing, a vote by a U.S. Senate committee to report the nominee to the full Senate, a confirmation vote by the U.S. Senate, and a confirmed nominee taking their judicial oath and receiving their judicial commission.

HIGHLIGHTS
  • There are 5 Article III nominees awaiting a hearing with the Senate Judiciary Committee.
  • There are 8 Article III nominees awaiting a committee vote in the Senate Judiciary Committee.
  • There are 13 Article III nominees awaiting a confirmation vote in the full U.S. Senate.

    • The map below details the percentage of vacant seats in each federal district court. This map is updated on the second business day of each month. Ballotpedia considers a vacancy to be filled once the confirmed nominee has received commission.

    Note: this map is auto-generated. Due to rounding, a section may be colored differently than the legend indicates. Click here to see the specific percentage for each court.

    Status of Article III judicial nominees appointed by Biden

    The sections below group Biden's Article III judicial nominees by which step of the process they are on: confirmed by the U.S. Senate, awaiting a vote by the full Senate, awaiting a vote in committee, and awaiting a hearing before the committee. Click the arrows at the top of each table to sort by name, court, or the date of an individual's formal nomination. For a list of non-Article III nominees, click here.

    Confirmed to their positions

    Nominees in this table have been confirmed by the full United States Senate. So far, 216 Biden nominees have been confirmed by the Senate.

    NomineeCourtFirst nominationConfirmation
    Ketanji Brown Jackson (District of Columbia)United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia CircuitApril 19, 2021June 14, 2021
    Sarah A.L. Merriam (Connecticut)United States District Court for the District of ConnecticutJune 15, 2021October 6, 2021
    Florence Pan (District of Columbia)United States District Court for the District of ColumbiaJune 15, 2021September 23, 2021
    Ana de Alba (California)United States District Court for the Eastern District of CaliforniaJanuary 19, 2022June 21, 2022
    Adrienne NelsonUnited States District Court for the District of OregonJuly 14, 2022February 15, 2023
    Alison J. NathanUnited States Court of Appeals for the 2nd CircuitNovember 18, 2021March 23, 2022
    Amanda BrailsfordUnited States District Court for the District of IdahoJanuary 31, 2023May 4, 2023
    Ana ReyesUnited States District Court for the District of ColumbiaMay 19, 2022February 15, 2023
    Ana de AlbaUnited States Court of Appeals for the Ninth CircuitApril 17, 2023November 13, 2023
    Andre MathisUnited States Court of Appeals for the 6th CircuitNovember 18, 2021September 8, 2022
    Andrew SchoplerUnited States District Court for the Southern District of CaliforniaJuly 14, 2022March 7, 2023
    Angel KelleyUnited States District Court for the District of MassachusettsMay 12, 2021September 14, 2021
    Angela Martinez (Arizona)United States District Court for the District of ArizonaFebruary 27, 2024May 22, 2024
    Ann Marie McIff AllenUnited States District Court for the District of UtahJanuary 10, 2024April 10, 2024
    Anne NardacciUnited States District Court for the Northern District of New YorkMay 19, 2022November 30, 2022
    Anne TraumUnited States District Court for the District of NevadaNovember 3, 2021March 23, 2022
    Anthony JohnstoneUnited States Court of Appeals for the Ninth CircuitSeptember 6, 2022May 1, 2023
    Araceli Martínez-OlguínUnited States District Court for the Northern District of CaliforniaAugust 1, 2022February 28, 2023
    Arianna FreemanUnited States Court of Appeals for the Third CircuitJanuary 19, 2022September 29, 2022
    Arun SubramanianUnited States District Court for the Southern District of New YorkSeptember 6, 2022March 7, 2023
    Beth RobinsonUnited States Court of Appeals for the Second CircuitAugust 5, 2021November 1, 2021
    Bradley GarciaUnited States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia CircuitJune 15, 2022May 15, 2023
    Brandon Long (Louisiana)United States District Court for the Eastern District of LouisianaJune 8, 2023December 14, 2023
    Brandy McMillionUnited States District Court for the Eastern District of MichiganJuly 11, 2023November 9, 2023
    Brendan HursonUnited States District Court for the District of MarylandMarch 21, 2023October 4, 2023
    Bridget BrennanUnited States District Court for the Northern District of OhioSeptember 30, 2021February 1, 2022
    Camela TheelerUnited States District Court for the District of South DakotaFebruary 8, 2024May 16, 2024
    Camille Vélez-RivéUnited States District Court for the District of Puerto RicoJune 15, 2022November 30, 2022
    Candace Jackson-AkiwumiUnited States Court of Appeals for the 7th CircuitApril 19, 2021June 24, 2021
    Charles Fleming (Ohio)United States District Court for the Northern District of OhioSeptember 30, 2021February 1, 2022
    Charlotte SweeneyUnited States District Court for the District of ColoradoAugust 5, 2021May 25, 2022
    Christine O'HearnUnited States District Court for the District of New JerseyApril 29, 2021October 19, 2021
    Cindy ChungUnited States Court of Appeals for the Third CircuitJuly 12, 2022February 13, 2023
    Colleen LawlessUnited States District Court for the Central District of IllinoisSeptember 6, 2022March 2, 2023
    Dale HoUnited States District Court for the Southern District of New YorkSeptember 30, 2021June 14, 2023
    Cristal BriscoUnited States District Court for the Northern District of IndianaNovember 27, 2023January 24, 2024
    Cristina SilvaUnited States District Court for the District of NevadaNovember 3, 2021March 23, 2022
    Dana DouglasUnited States Court of Appeals for the 5th CircuitJune 15, 2022December 13, 2022
    Darrel PapillionUnited States District Court for the Eastern District of LouisianaMarch 21, 2023May 30, 2023
    Edward KielUnited States District Court for the District of New JerseyOctober 4, 2023March 20, 2024
    David A. Ruiz (Ohio)United States District Court for the Northern District of OhioSeptember 30, 2021February 1, 2022
    Elizabeth HanesUnited States District Court for the Eastern District of VirginiaMay 19, 2022August 2, 2022
    Ellen HollanderDistrict of MarylandApril 21, 2010December 18, 2010
    David G. EstudilloUnited States District Court for the Western District of WashingtonApril 29, 2021September 14, 2021
    David Herrera UriasUnited States District Court for the District of New MexicoSeptember 20, 2021December 17, 2021
    David Leibowitz (Florida)United States District Court for the Southern District of FloridaNovember 6, 2023February 27, 2024
    Deborah BoardmanUnited States District Court for the District of MarylandApril 19, 2021June 23, 2021
    Eric SchulteUnited States District Court for the District of South DakotaFebruary 8, 2024May 15, 2024
    Doris PryorUnited States Court of Appeals for the 7th CircuitMay 25, 2022December 5, 2022
    Ernesto Gonzalez (Texas)United States District Court for the Western District of TexasJanuary 10, 2024March 22, 2024
    Eunice LeeUnited States Court of Appeals for the 2nd CircuitMay 12, 2021August 9, 2021
    Evelyn PadinUnited States District Court for the District of New JerseyDecember 15, 2021May 25, 2022
    Florence PanUnited States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia CircuitMay 25, 2022September 20, 2022
    Frances Kay BehmUnited States District Court for the Eastern District of MichiganJuly 11, 2022December 6, 2022
    Fred W. SlaughterUnited States District Court for the Central District of CaliforniaDecember 15, 2021March 17, 2022
    LaShonda A. HuntUnited States District Court for the Northern District of IllinoisJanuary 31, 2023May 4, 2023
    Lara MontecalvoUnited States Court of Appeals for the 1st CircuitMay 19, 2022September 14, 2022
    Kirk SherriffUnited States District Court for the Eastern District of CaliforniaNovember 15, 2023January 31, 2024
    Krissa LanhamUnited States District Court for the District of ArizonaFebruary 27, 2024May 21, 2024
    Lauren KingUnited States District Court for the Western District of WashingtonMay 12, 2021October 5, 2021
    Kymberly EvansonUnited States District Court for the Western District of WashingtonJuly 13, 2022July 11, 2023
    Gabriel Sanchez (California)United States Court of Appeals for the 9th CircuitSeptember 20, 2021January 12, 2022
    Georgette CastnerUnited States District Court for the District of New JerseyNovember 3, 2021March 31, 2022
    Georgia AlexakisUnited States District Court for the Northern District of IllinoisFebruary 27, 2024May 1, 2024
    Gina Méndez-MiróUnited States District Court for the District of Puerto RicoJune 15, 2022February 14, 2023
    Gordon GallagherUnited States District Court for the District of ColoradoSeptember 6, 2022March 22, 2023
    Gregory Williams (Delaware)United States District Court for the District of DelawareApril 25, 2022July 20, 2022
    Gretchen Hess LundUnited States District Court for the Northern District of IndianaNovember 27, 2023January 25, 2024
    Gustavo GelpíUnited States Court of Appeals for the 1st CircuitMay 12, 2021October 18, 2021
    Hector Gonzalez (New York)United States District Court for the Eastern District of New YorkDecember 15, 2021March 23, 2022
    Holly ThomasUnited States Court of Appeals for the 9th CircuitSeptember 20, 2021January 20, 2022
    Irma RamirezUnited States Court of Appeals for the Fifth CircuitApril 17, 2023December 4, 2023
    Kai ScottUnited States District Court for the Eastern District of PennsylvaniaJuly 12, 2022December 7, 2022
    Karen Williams (New Jersey)United States District Court for the District of New JerseyMay 12, 2021October 26, 2021
    Karoline MehalchickUnited States District Court for the Middle District of PennsylvaniaJuly 11, 2023January 31, 2024
    Katherine MenendezUnited States District Court for the District of MinnesotaSeptember 20, 2021December 18, 2021
    Kelley HodgeUnited States District Court for the Eastern District of PennsylvaniaJuly 12, 2022December 6, 2022
    Kelly H. RankinUnited States District Court for the District of WyomingJanuary 10, 2024March 7, 2024
    Kenly Kiya KatoUnited States District Court for the Central District of CaliforniaDecember 15, 2021November 7, 2023
    Myrna PérezUnited States Court of Appeals for the 2nd CircuitJune 15, 2021October 25, 2021
    Leon SchydlowerUnited States District Court for the Western District of TexasJanuary 10, 2024March 22, 2024
    Leonard StarkUnited States Court of Appeals for the Federal CircuitNovember 3, 2021February 9, 2022
    Linda Lopez (California)United States District Court for the Southern District of CaliforniaSeptember 30, 2021December 17, 2021
    Lindsay JenkinsUnited States District Court for the Northern District of IllinoisSeptember 19, 2022February 14, 2023
    Lisa WangUnited States Court of International TradeJuly 11, 2023February 1, 2024
    Loren AliKhanUnited States District Court for the District of ColumbiaMay 4, 2023December 5, 2023
    Lucy H. KohUnited States Court of Appeals for the 9th CircuitSeptember 20, 2021December 13, 2021
    Lydia Kay GriggsbyUnited States District Court for the District of MarylandApril 19, 2021June 16, 2021
    Maame Ewusi-Mensah FrimpongUnited States District Court for the Central District of CaliforniaSeptember 20, 2021December 17, 2021
    Margaret GarnettUnited States District Court for the Southern District of New YorkJuly 11, 2023November 28, 2023
    Margaret R. GuzmanUnited States District Court for the District of MassachusettsJuly 13, 2022March 1, 2023
    Margaret StricklandUnited States District Court for the District of New MexicoApril 19, 2021September 21, 2021
    Maria Araujo KahnUnited States Court of Appeals for the Second CircuitAugust 1, 2022March 9, 2023
    Mary DimkeUnited States District Court for the Eastern District of WashingtonAugust 5, 2021December 18, 2021
    María Antongiorgi-JordánUnited States District Court for the District of Puerto RicoJune 15, 2022November 15, 2022
    Matthew BrookmanUnited States District Court for the Southern District of IndianaJanuary 3, 2023March 29, 2023
    Matthew MaddoxUnited States District Court for the District of MarylandMarch 21, 2023October 31, 2023
    Melissa DamianUnited States District Court for the Southern District of FloridaNovember 6, 2023February 28, 2024
    Melissa DuBoseUnited States District Court for the District of Rhode IslandFebruary 1, 2024March 12, 2024
    Mia Roberts PerezUnited States District Court for the Eastern District of PennsylvaniaJuly 12, 2022December 7, 2022
    Micah Smith (Hawaii)United States District Court for the District of HawaiiSeptember 11, 2023November 29, 2023
    Michael FarbiarzUnited States District Court for the District of New JerseyJanuary 3, 2023May 2, 2023
    Michael NachmanoffUnited States District Court for the Eastern District of VirginiaJuly 13, 2021October 27, 2021
    Nancy Gbana AbuduUnited States Court of Appeals for the 11th CircuitJanuary 10, 2022May 18, 2023
    Nancy MaldonadoUnited States Court of Appeals for the Seventh CircuitFebruary 27, 2024July 8, 2024
    Rachel BloomekatzUnited States Court of Appeals for the Sixth CircuitMay 25, 2022July 18, 2023
    Natasha MerleUnited States District Court for the Eastern District of New YorkJanuary 19, 2022June 21, 2023
    Ramon Reyes, Jr.United States District Court for the Eastern District of New YorkSeptember 6, 2022November 8, 2023
    Nicole BernerUnited States Court of Appeals for the Fourth CircuitNovember 27, 2023March 19, 2024
    Nina MorrisonUnited States District Court for the Eastern District of New YorkDecember 15, 2021June 8, 2022
    Nina Nin-Yuen WangUnited States District Court for the District of ColoradoJanuary 19, 2022July 19, 2022
    Nusrat ChoudhuryUnited States District Court for the Eastern District of New YorkJanuary 19, 2022June 15, 2023
    Omar A. WilliamsUnited States District Court for the District of ConnecticutJune 15, 2021October 28, 2021
    Orelia MerchantUnited States District Court for the Eastern District of New YorkSeptember 6, 2022May 3, 2023
    P. Casey PittsUnited States District Court for the Northern District of CaliforniaSeptember 6, 2022June 14, 2023
    Regina RodriguezUnited States District Court for the District of ColoradoApril 19, 2021June 8, 2021
    Patricia Tolliver GilesUnited States District Court for the Eastern District of VirginiaJuly 13, 2021October 26, 2021
    Richard FedericoUnited States Court of Appeals for the Tenth CircuitJuly 27, 2023December 11, 2023
    Rita LinUnited States District Court for the Northern District of CaliforniaAugust 1, 2022September 19, 2023
    Tamika Montgomery-ReevesUnited States Court of Appeals for the Third CircuitJuly 11, 2022December 12, 2022
    Tana LinUnited States District Court for the Western District of WashingtonApril 29, 2021October 21, 2021
    Robert BallouUnited States District Court for the Western District of VirginiaJuly 13, 2022March 7, 2023
    Robert HuieUnited States District Court for the Southern District of CaliforniaJanuary 19, 2022June 9, 2022
    Tiffany CartwrightUnited States District Court for the Western District of WashingtonJanuary 19, 2022July 12, 2023
    Tiffany CunninghamUnited States Court of Appeals for the Federal CircuitApril 19, 2021July 19, 2021
    Veronica RossmanUnited States Court of Appeals for the 10th CircuitMay 12, 2021September 20, 2021
    Toby HeytensUnited States Court of Appeals for the 4th CircuitJuly 13, 2021November 1, 2021
    Victoria CalvertUnited States District Court for the Northern District of GeorgiaSeptember 30, 2021March 22, 2022
    Trina ThompsonUnited States District Court for the Northern District of CaliforniaNovember 3, 2021May 18, 2022
    Robert White (Michigan)United States District Court for the Eastern District of MichiganFebruary 1, 2024April 9, 2024
    Roopali DesaiUnited States Court of Appeals for the 9th CircuitJune 15, 2022August 4, 2022
    Rosemary PoolerUnited States Court of Appeals for the 2nd CircuitNovember 6, 1997June 2, 1998
    Ruth Bermudez MontenegroUnited States District Court for the Southern District of CaliforniaNovember 3, 2021March 22, 2022
    S. Kato CrewsUnited States District Court for the District of ColoradoFebruary 27, 2023January 10, 2024
    Sal Mendoza, Jr.United States Court of Appeals for the 9th CircuitApril 25, 2022September 12, 2022
    Samantha ElliottUnited States District Court for the District of New HampshireSeptember 30, 2021December 15, 2021
    Sanket BulsaraUnited States District Court for the Eastern District of New YorkFebruary 8, 2024May 15, 2024
    Sara HillUnited States District Court for the Northern District of OklahomaOctober 24, 2023December 19, 2023
    Sarah A.L. MerriamUnited States Court of Appeals for the 2nd CircuitMay 19, 2022September 15, 2022
    Sarah GeraghtyUnited States District Court for the Northern District of GeorgiaSeptember 30, 2021March 31, 2022
    Sarala NagalaUnited States District Court for the District of ConnecticutJune 15, 2021October 27, 2021
    Seth AframeUnited States Court of Appeals for the First CircuitOctober 4, 2023, January 8, 2024May 20, 2024
    Shalina KumarUnited States District Court for the Eastern District of MichiganJuly 13, 2021December 17, 2021
    Sherilyn P. GarnettUnited States District Court for the Central District of CaliforniaDecember 15, 2021April 27, 2022
    Stephanie Dawkins DavisUnited States Court of Appeals for the Sixth CircuitFebruary 2, 2022May 24, 2022
    Stephen LocherUnited States District Court for the Southern District of IowaApril 25, 2022July 14, 2022
    Sunil HarjaniUnited States District Court for the Northern District of IllinoisFebruary 1, 2024March 12, 2024
    Sunshine S. SykesUnited States District Court for the Central District of CaliforniaDecember 15, 2021May 18, 2022
    Susan BazisUnited States District Court for the District of NebraskaJanuary 10, 2024April 9, 2024
    Susan DeClercqUnited States District Court for the Eastern District of MichiganMay 4, 2023October 4, 2023
    Zahid QuraishiUnited States District Court for the District of New JerseyApril 19, 2021June 10, 2021
    J. Michelle ChildsUnited States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia CircuitJanuary 10, 2022July 19, 2022
    Joseph LaroskiUnited States Court of International TradeJuly 11, 2023February 5, 2024
    Jacqueline BecerraUnited States District Court for the Southern District of FloridaNovember 6, 2023February 27, 2024
    Jacqueline Scott CorleyUnited States District Court for the Northern District of CaliforniaNovember 3, 2021March 17, 2022
    Joshua KolarUnited States Court of Appeals for the Seventh CircuitJuly 27, 2023January 30, 2024
    Julia KobickUnited States District Court for the District of MassachusettsAugust 1, 2022November 7, 2023
    Julie RikelmanUnited States Court of Appeals for the 1st CircuitAugust 1, 2022June 20, 2023
    Julie RubinUnited States District Court for the District of MarylandNovember 3, 2021March 23, 2022
    Julie SneedUnited States District Court for the Middle District of FloridaNovember 6, 2023February 28, 2024
    Julien Xavier NealsUnited States District Court for the District of New JerseyApril 19, 2021June 8, 2021
    Jacquelyn AustinUnited States District Court for the District of South CarolinaNovember 6, 2023January 24, 2024
    Jamal WhiteheadUnited States District Court for the Western District of WashingtonJuly 13, 2022February 28, 2023
    Jamar WalkerUnited States District Court for the Eastern District of VirginiaJuly 13, 2022February 28, 2023
    Jamel SemperUnited States District Court for the District of New JerseySeptember 18, 2023November 29, 2023
    Jane BeckeringUnited States District Court for the Western District of MichiganJuly 13, 2021December 17, 2021
    Jeffery P. HopkinsUnited States District Court for the Southern District of OhioAugust 1, 2022December 8, 2022
    Jeffrey CummingsUnited States District Court for the Northern District of IllinoisJanuary 31, 2023September 12, 2023
    Jeffrey M. BryanUnited States District Court for the District of MinnesotaJuly 27, 2023November 28, 2023
    Jennifer HallUnited States District Court for the District of DelawareJuly 11, 2023October 17, 2023
    Jennifer L. ThurstonUnited States District Court for the Eastern District of CaliforniaSeptember 20, 2021December 17, 2021
    Jennifer ReardenUnited States District Court for the Southern District of New YorkJanuary 19, 2022September 8, 2022
    Jennifer RochonUnited States District Court for the Southern District of New YorkDecember 15, 2021May 18, 2022
    Jennifer SungUnited States Court of Appeals for the Ninth CircuitJuly 13, 2021December 15, 2021
    Jeremy DanielUnited States District Court for the Northern District of IllinoisMarch 21, 2023May 17, 2023
    Jerry BlackwellUnited States District Court for the District of MinnesotaJune 15, 2022December 7, 2022
    Jerry Edwards Jr.United States District Court for the Western District of LouisianaJune 8, 2023December 14, 2023
    Jessica ClarkeUnited States District Court for the Southern District of New YorkDecember 15, 2021March 16, 2023
    Jia CobbUnited States District Court for the District of ColumbiaJune 15, 2021October 26, 2021
    Jinsook OhtaUnited States District Court for the Southern District of CaliforniaSeptember 30, 2021December 17, 2021
    John ChunUnited States District Court for the Western District of WashingtonSeptember 30, 2021March 23, 2022
    John Frank MurphyUnited States District Court for the Eastern District of PennsylvaniaJuly 12, 2022December 7, 2022
    John KazenUnited States District Court for the Southern District of TexasSeptember 11, 2023January 9, 2024
    John Russell (Oklahoma)United States District Court for the Northern District of OklahomaOctober 24, 2023December 19, 2023
    John Z. Lee (United States Court of Appeals judge)United States Court of Appeals for the 7th CircuitApril 25, 2022September 7, 2022
    Jonathan GreyUnited States District Court for the Eastern District of MichiganSeptember 6, 2022March 2, 2023
    Joseph SaporitoUnited States District Court for the Middle District of PennsylvaniaMay 14, 2024July 31, 2024
    Hernán D. VeraUnited States District Court for the Central District of CaliforniaSeptember 20, 2021June 13, 2023
    Jasmine YoonUnited States District Court for the Western District of VirginiaFebruary 1, 2024March 12, 2024
    Meredith VaccaUnited States District Court for the Western District of New YorkMay 14, 2024July 31, 2024
    Amy BaggioUnited States District Court for the District of OregonNovember 27, 2023February 6, 2024
    Mary Kay LanthierUnited States District Court for the District of VermontJune 4, 2024September 11, 2024
    Adam AbelsonUnited States District Court for the District of MarylandMay 14, 2024September 10, 2024
    Laura ProvinzinoUnited States District Court for the District of MinnesotaJune 13, 2024September 12, 2024
    Mary Kay CostelloUnited States District Court for the Eastern District of PennsylvaniaJune 13, 2024September 17, 2024
    Dena CogginsUnited States District Court for the Eastern District of CaliforniaFebruary 8, 2024May 22, 2024
    Daniel CalabrettaUnited States District Court for the Eastern District of CaliforniaAugust 1, 2022February 16, 2023
    DeAndrea G. BenjaminUnited States Court of Appeals for the 4th CircuitSeptember 6, 2022February 9, 2023
    Eumi LeeUnited States District Court for the Northern District of CaliforniaJuly 27, 2023March 20, 2024
    James Simmons (California)United States District Court for the Southern District of CaliforniaJanuary 23, 2023March 9, 2023
    Julia MunleyUnited States District Court for the Middle District of PennsylvaniaMay 4, 2023October 17, 2023
    Myong JounUnited States District Court for the District of MassachusettsAugust 1, 2022July 12, 2023
    Robert KirschUnited States District Court for the District of New JerseyJanuary 3, 2023May 2, 2023
    Vernon D. OliverUnited States District Court for the District of ConnecticutMay 4, 2023September 19, 2023
    Wesley HsuUnited States District Court for the Central District of CaliforniaJanuary 23, 2023May 3, 2023
    Kevin RitzUnited States Court of Appeals for the Sixth CircuitMarch 21, 2024September 16, 2024
    Ketanji Brown JacksonSupreme Court of the United StatesFebruary 28, 2022April 7, 2022
    Shanlyn A. S. ParkUnited States District Court for the District of HawaiiSeptember 27, 2023November 30, 2023
    Matthew GarciaUnited States District Court for the District of New MexicoJuly 14, 2022February 14, 2023
    Byron ConwayUnited States District Court for the Eastern District of WisconsinJuly 8, 2024September 25, 2024
    Jeannette VargasUnited States District Court for the Southern District of New YorkMarch 21, 2024September 10, 2024
    Michelle Williams CourtUnited States District Court for the Central District of CaliforniaApril 30, 2024September 18, 2024
    Mónica Ramírez AlmadaniUnited States District Court for the Central District of CaliforniaJanuary 23, 2023November 9, 2023
    Sarah RussellUnited States District Court for the District of ConnecticutOctober 4, 2023November 19, 2024
    Embry KiddUnited States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh CircuitMay 14, 2024November 18, 2024
    Sharad DesaiUnited States District Court for the District of ArizonaSeptember 9, 2024November 21, 2024

    Waiting for vote in Senate

    Nominees in this table are awaiting a vote in the full United States Senate following committee consideration. Number of nominees awaiting a Senate vote: 13

    NomineeCourtFirst nominationCommittee vote
    Adeel MangiUnited States Court of Appeals for the Third CircuitNovember 27, 2023January 18, 2023
    Amir AliUnited States District Court for the District of ColumbiaFebruary 1, 2024March 7, 2024
    Brian Murphy (Massachusetts)United States District Court for the District of MassachusettsMarch 21, 2024May 9, 2024
    Catherine HenryUnited States District Court for the Eastern District of PennsylvaniaJune 4, 2024August 1, 2024
    Cynthia ValenzuelaUnited States District Court for the Central District of CaliforniaApril 30, 2024July 11, 2024
    Karla CampbellUnited States Court of Appeals for the Sixth CircuitJune 4, 2024August 1, 2024
    Rebecca PennellUnited States District Court for the Eastern District of WashingtonMarch 21, 2024May 9, 2024
    Sparkle SooknananUnited States District Court for the District of ColumbiaFebruary 27, 2024April 18, 2024
    Julia LipezUnited States Court of Appeals for the First CircuitJune 4, 2024August 1, 2024
    Anne HwangUnited States District Court for the Central District of CaliforniaApril 30, 2024July 11, 2024
    Gail WeilheimerUnited States District Court for the Eastern District of PennsylvaniaJuly 8, 2024September 19, 2024
    Noël WiseUnited States District Court for the Northern District of CaliforniaJune 13, 2024August 1, 2024
    Ryan Y. ParkUnited States Court of Appeals for the Fourth CircuitJuly 8, 2024November 14, 2024

    Waiting for committee vote

    The nominees in this table are awaiting a vote in the appropriate U.S. Senate committee following the hearing. Number of nominees awaiting a vote: 8

    NomineeCourtFirst nominationCommittee hearing
    Sarah DavenportUnited States District Court for the District of New MexicoSeptember 9, 2024September 25, 2024
    Elizabeth CoombeUnited States District Court for the Northern District of New YorkSeptember 9, 2024September 25, 2024
    Tiffany Johnson (Georgia)United States District Court for the Northern District of GeorgiaJuly 31, 2024September 25, 2024
    Anthony BrindisiUnited States District Court for the Northern District of New YorkJuly 31, 2024September 25, 2024
    Keli NearyUnited States District Court for the Middle District of PennsylvaniaJuly 31, 2024September 25, 2024
    Sarah NetburnUnited States District Court for the Southern District of New YorkApril 30, 2024May 22, 2024
    Serena R. MurilloUnited States District Court for the Central District of CaliforniaNovember 18, 2024November 20, 2024
    Benjamin CheeksUnited States District Court for the Southern District of CaliforniaNovember 18, 2024November 20, 2024

    Waiting for committee hearing

    Note: Individuals without a date in the "first nomination" column have been announced as nominees by Biden but not yet formally nominated.

    The nominees in this table are awaiting hearing in a U.S. Senate committee. Number of nominees awaiting hearing: 5

    NomineeCourtFirst nomination
    Danna JacksonUnited States District Court for the District of MontanaApril 30, 2024
    Detra Shaw-WilderUnited States District Court for the Southern District of FloridaMarch 21, 2024
    Scott ColomUnited States District Court for the Northern District of MississippiNovember 15, 2022
    Rebecca KanterUnited States District Court for the Southern District of CaliforniaFebruary 1, 2024
    Tali Farhadian WeinsteinUnited States District Court for the Southern District of New York

    Timeline

    The following timeline of President Biden's nominations to Article III federal courts since taking office is updated at the start of each month.[15]

    October 2024

    In September, Biden did not announce his intent to nominate any individuals to Article III seats in the federal courts.


    September 2024

    In September, Biden did not announce his intent to nominate any individuals to Article III seats in the federal courts.


    August 2024

    In August, Biden announced his intent to nominate the following individuals to Article III seats in the federal courts:

    July 2024

    In July, Biden announced his intent to nominate the following individuals to Article III seats in the federal courts:


    June 2024

    In June, Biden announced his intent to nominate the following individuals to Article III seats in the federal courts:

    May 2024

    In May, Biden announced his intent to nominate the following individuals to Article III seats in the federal courts:

    April 2024

    In April, Biden announced his intent to nominate the following individuals to Article III seats in the federal courts:

    March 2024

    In March, Biden announced his intent to nominate the following individuals to Article III seats in the federal courts:

    February 2024

    In February, Biden announced his intent to nominate the following individuals to Article III seats in the federal courts:

    January 2024

    In January, Biden announced his intent to nominate the following individuals to Article III seats in the federal courts:

    December 2023

    In December, Biden announced his intent to nominate the following individuals to Article III seats in the federal courts:

    November 2023

    In November, Biden announced his intent to nominate the following individuals to Article III seats in the federal courts:

    October 2023

    In October, Biden announced his intent to nominate the following individuals to Article III seats in the federal courts:

    September 2023

    In September, Biden announced his intent to nominate the following individuals to Article III seats in the federal courts:

    August 2023

    In August, Biden announced his intent to nominate the following individuals to Article III seats in the federal courts:

    July 2023

    In July, Biden announced his intent to nominate the following individuals to Article III seats in the federal courts:

    June 2023

    In June, Biden announced his intent to nominate the following individuals to Article III seats in the federal courts:

    May 2023

    In May, Biden announced his intent to nominate two individuals to Article III seats in the federal courts:

    April 2023

    In April, Biden announced his intent to nominate two individuals to Article III seats in the federal courts:

    March 2023

    In March, Biden announced his intent to nominate four individuals to Article III seats in the federal courts:

    February 2023

    In February, Biden announced his intent to nominate four individuals to Article III seats in the federal courts:

    January 2023

    In January, Biden announced his intent to nominate four individuals to Article III seats in the federal courts:

    December 2022

    In December, Biden announced his intent to nominate six individuals to Article III seats in the federal courts:

    November 2022

    In November, Biden did not announce his intent to nominate any individuals to Article III seats in the federal courts.

    October 2022

    In October, Biden announced his intent to nominate one individual to an Article III court:

    September 2022

    In September, Biden announced his intent to nominate the following individuals to Article III seats in the federal courts:

    August 2022

    In August, Biden announced his intent to nominate the following individuals to Article III seats in the federal courts:

    July 2022

    In July, Biden announced his intent to nominate the following individuals to Article III seats in the federal courts:

    June 2022

    In June, Biden announced his intent to nominate the following individuals to Article III seats in the federal courts:

    May 2022

    In May, Biden announced his intent to nominate the following individuals to Article III seats in the federal courts:

    April 2022

    In April, Biden announced his intent to nominate the following individuals to Article III seats in the federal courts:

    March 2022

    In March, Biden did not announce his intent to nominate any individuals to Article III seats in the federal courts.

    February 2022

    In February, Biden announced his intent to nominate the following individuals to Article III seats in the federal courts:

    January 2022

    In January, Biden announced his intent to nominate the following individuals to Article III seats in the federal courts:

    December 2021

    In December, Biden announced his intent to nominate the following individuals to Article III seats in the federal courts:

    November 2021

    In November, Biden announced his intent to nominate the following individuals to Article III seats in the federal courts:

    October 2021

    In October, Biden did not announce his intent to nominate any individuals to Article III seats in the federal courts.

    September 2021

    In September, Biden announced his intent to nominate the following individuals to Article III seats in the federal courts:

    August 2021

    In August, Biden announced his intent to nominate the following individuals to Article III seats in the federal courts:

    July 2021

    In July, Biden did not announce his intent to nominate any individuals to Article III seats in the federal courts.

    June 2021

    In June, Biden announced his intent to nominate the following individuals to Article III seats in the federal courts:

    May 2021

    In May, Biden announced his intent to nominate the following individuals to Article III seats in the federal courts:

    April 2021

    In April, Biden announced his intent to nominate the following individuals to Article III seats in the federal courts:

    March 2021

    In March, Biden announced his intent to nominate the following individuals to Article III seats in the federal courts:

    February 2021

    In February, Biden did not announce his intent to nominate any individuals to Article III seats in the federal courts.

    January 2021

    In January, Biden did not announce his intent to nominate any individuals to Article III seats in the federal courts.


    Non-Article III judicial nominees

    See also: Article I tribunal and United States territorial courts

    Nominees to Article I tribunals, the United States territorial courts, or to courts with general jurisdiction in Washington, D.C. are appointed by the president and confirmed by the Senate. Unlike Article III judges, these judges do not serve for life.

    The sections below group Biden's non-Article III judicial nominees by which step of the process they are on: confirmed by the U.S. Senate, awaiting a vote by the full Senate, awaiting a vote in committee, and awaiting a hearing before the committee. Click the arrows at the top of each table to sort by name, court, or the date of an individual's formal nomination. For a list of Article III nominees, click here.

    Confirmed to their positions

    Nominees in this table have been confirmed by the full United States Senate. So far, 32 Biden nominees for non-Article III courts have been confirmed by the Senate.

    NomineeCourtFirst nomination
    Loren AliKhan (District of Columbia)District of Columbia Court of AppealsSeptember 30, 2021
    Adrienne NotiSuperior Court of the District of ColumbiaSeptember 30, 2021
    Armando Omar BonillaUnited States Court of Federal ClaimsOctober 5, 2021
    Carl RossSuperior Court of the District of ColumbiaDecember 15, 2021
    Carolyn LernerUnited States Court of Federal ClaimsJuly 13, 2021
    D.W. TunnageSuperior Court of the District of ColumbiaSeptember 30, 2021
    Danny Nguyen (District of Columbia)Superior Court of the District of ColumbiaMarch 21, 2023 (first), January 3, 2024 (second)
    Ebony ScottSuperior Court of the District of ColumbiaSeptember 30, 2021
    Eunkyong ChoiUnited States Tax CourtDecember 6, 2021
    Laura CraneSuperior Court of the District of ColumbiaJuly 14, 2022
    Katherine E. OlerSuperior Court of the District of ColumbiaJuly 11, 2023 (first), January 3, 2024 (second)
    Kendra BriggsSuperior Court of the District of ColumbiaNovember 3, 2021
    Kenia Seoane LópezSuperior Court of the District of ColumbiaJune 15, 2021
    Molly SilfenUnited States Court of Federal ClaimsFebruary 27, 2023
    Leslie MeekSuperior Court of the District of ColumbiaDecember 15, 2021
    M. Tia JohnsonUnited States Court of Appeals for the Armed ForcesJanuary 7, 2022
    Ramona V. ManglonaUnited States District Court for the Northern Mariana IslandsSeptember 11, 2023
    Philip HadjiUnited States Court of Federal ClaimsJune 8, 2023
    Tanya Jones BosierSuperior Court of the District of ColumbiaMarch 21, 2023 (first), January 3, 2024 (second)
    Adam LandyUnited States Tax CourtFebruary 3, 2024
    Veronica SanchezSuperior Court of the District of ColumbiaJuly 14, 2022
    Vijay ShankerDistrict of Columbia Court of AppealsJuly 14, 2022
    Rupa Ranga PuttaguntaSuperior Court of the District of ColumbiaApril 19, 2021
    Sean StaplesSuperior Court of the District of ColumbiaJuly 13, 2021
    John Howard (District of Columbia)District of Columbia Court of AppealsAugust 5, 2021
    Errol R. ArthurSuperior Court of the District of ColumbiaDecember 15, 2021
    Benjamin GuiderUnited States Tax CourtMay 9, 2024
    Jeffrey ArbeitUnited States Tax CourtMay 9, 2024
    Rose JenkinsUnited States Tax CourtFebruary 3, 2024
    Cathy FungUnited States Tax CourtMay 9, 2024
    Charles WilloughbySuperior Court of the District of ColumbiaJuly 11, 2023 (first), January 3, 2024 (second)
    Judith PipeSuperior Court of the District of ColumbiaJuly 11, 2023 (first), January 3, 2024 (second)

    Waiting for vote in Senate

    Nominees in this table are awaiting a vote in the full United States Senate following committee consideration. Number of non-Article III nominees awaiting a Senate vote: 10

    NomineeCourtFirst nomination
    Carmen Iguina GonzálezDistrict of Columbia Court of AppealsApril 18, 2024
    Erin JohnstonSuperior Court of the District of ColumbiaNovember 27, 2023
    Kenechukwu OkochaSuperior Court of the District of ColumbiaJune 8, 2023 (first), January 3, 2024 (second)
    Rahkel BouchetSuperior Court of the District of ColumbiaMarch 21, 2024
    Ray McKenzie (Washington D.C.)Superior Court of the District of ColumbiaNovember 27, 2023
    Sherri Beatty-ArthurSuperior Court of the District of ColumbiaNovember 27, 2023
    Joseph PalmoreDistrict of Columbia Court of AppealsApril 18, 2024
    John TruongSuperior Court of the District of ColumbiaMarch 21, 2024
    Nicholas MirandaSuperior Court of the District of ColumbiaJuly 31, 2024
    James LakeSuperior Court of the District of ColumbiaJuly 31, 2024

    Waiting for committee vote

    No nominees are awaiting a vote in committee.

    Waiting for committee hearing

    No nominees are awaiting a hearing in committee.

    See also

    External links

    Footnotes

    1. ↑ These figures are limited to Article III judges. Article III judges are appointed by the president and confirmed by the U.S. Senate in accordance with Article III of the United States Constitution. They serve for life.
    2. ↑ The White House, "Press Release: Nominations Sent to the Senate," February 28, 2022
    3. ↑ Congress.gov, "PN1783 — Ketanji Brown Jackson — Supreme Court of the United States," accessed April 7, 2022
    4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 The Hill, "Justice Breyer set to retire from Supreme Court on Thursday," June 29, 2022
    5. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named waposwear
    6. ↑ United States Supreme Court, "Letter to President," January 27, 2022
    7. ↑ YouTube, "President Biden Delivers Remarks on the Retirement of Supreme Court Justice Stephen Breyer," January 27, 2022
    8. ↑ White House, "President Biden Nominates Judge Ketanji Brown Jackson to Serve as Associate Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court," February 25, 2022
    9. ↑ Congress.gov, "PN1783 — Ketanji Brown Jackson — Supreme Court of the United States," accessed April 7, 2022
    10. ↑ SCOTUSblog, "Stephen Breyer, pragmatic liberal, will retire at end of term," January 26, 2022
    11. ↑ Federal Judicial Center, "Jackson, Ketanji Brown," accessed March 1, 2022
    12. ↑ Senate Judiciary Committee, "Questionnaire," accessed March 1, 2022
    13. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named AverageVacancies
    14. ↑ U.S. Courts, "Current Judicial Vacancies," accessed October 15, 2024
    15. ↑ Note: This timeline tracks nominations using the date of the nomination announcement. This date may differ from the official nomination date when the U.S. Senate receives the official nomination from the president.
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