Brian Higgins

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Brian Higgins
Image of Brian Higgins

Democratic Party

Prior offices
Buffalo Common Council
New York State Assembly
U.S. House New York District 27
Successor: Chris Collins
U.S. House New York District 26

Education

Bachelor's

Buffalo State College

Graduate

Buffalo State College

Personal
Religion
Christian: Catholic
Profession
College Lecturer, Politician

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Brian Higgins (Democratic Party) was a member of the U.S. House, representing New York's 26th Congressional District. He assumed office on January 3, 2013. He left office on February 2, 2024.

Higgins (Democratic Party) ran for re-election to the U.S. House to represent New York's 26th Congressional District. He did not appear on the ballot for the Democratic primary on June 25, 2024.

Higgins was first elected to the U.S. House in 2004. He represented District 27 from 2005 to 2013.

Prior to being elected to the House, Higgins was a member of the Buffalo Common Council and the New York State Assembly. He also served as an instructor in the history and economics departments at Buffalo State College.

Higgins resigned from the U.S. House of Representatives on February 2, 2024, to become the president of Shea’s Performing Arts Center in Buffalo, New York.[1][2]

Biography

Email [email protected] to notify us of updates to this biography.

Higgins was born in Buffalo, N.Y.. He earned a B.A. from Buffalo State College in 1984, an M.A. in 1985 and an M.P.A. from Harvard University in 1996.[3]

Prior to his political career, Higgins was an instructor in the history and economics departments at Buffalo State College, where he previously earned his undergraduate degree in political science.[4]

Career

Below is an abbreviated outline of Higgins' academic, professional, and political career:[4]

Committee assignments

U.S. House

2023-2024

Higgins was assigned to the following committees:[Source]

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2021-2022

Higgins was assigned to the following committees:[Source]

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2017-2018

At the beginning of the 115th Congress, Higgins was assigned to the following committees:[5]

2015-2016

Higgins served on the following committees:[6]

2013-2014

Higgins served on the following committees:[7]

  • Committee on Foreign Affairs
    • Subcommittee on the Middle East and North Africa
    • Subcommittee on Europe, Eurasia and Emerging Threats
  • Committee on Homeland Security
    • Subcommittee on Emergency Preparedness, Response, and Communications
    • Subcommittee on Counterterriorism and Intelligence - Ranking Member

2011-2012

Higgins served on the following committees:[8]

Key votes

See also: Key votes

Ballotpedia monitors legislation that receives a vote and highlights the ones that we consider to be key to understanding where elected officials stand on the issues. To read more about how we identify key votes, click here.

Key votes: 118th Congress, 2023-2025

The 118th United States Congress began on January 3, 2023, and ended on January 3, 2025. At the start of the session, Republicans held the majority in the U.S. House of Representatives (222-212), and Democrats held the majority in the U.S. Senate (51-49). Joe Biden (D) was the president and Kamala Harris (D) was the vice president. We identified the key votes below using Congress' top-viewed bills list and through marquee coverage of certain votes on Ballotpedia.

Key votes: 118th Congress, 2023-2025
Vote Bill and description Status
Yes check.svg Yea Yes check.svg Passed (310-118)
Yes check.svg Yea Yes check.svg Passed (227-201)
Red x.svg Nay Yes check.svg Passed (217-215)
Red x.svg Nay Yes check.svg Passed (328-86)
Red x.svg Nay Yes check.svg Passed (225-204)
Red x.svg Nay Yes check.svg Passed (219-200)
Red x.svg Nay Yes check.svg Passed (229-197)
Yes check.svg Yea Yes check.svg Passed (314-117)
Rep. Hakeem Jeffries (D-N.Y.) Rep. Kevin McCarthy (R-Calif.) (216-212)
Yes check.svg Yea Yes check.svg Passed (216-210)
Rep. Hakeem Jeffries (D-N.Y.) Rep. Mike Johnson (R-La.) (220-209)
Red x.svg Nay Yes check.svg Passed (221-212)
Yes check.svg Yea Yes check.svg Passed (311-114)
Red x.svg Nay Yes check.svg Passed (219-213)
Red x.svg Nay Yes check.svg Passed (219-211)
Yes check.svg Yea Yes check.svg Passed (357-70)


Key votes: Previous sessions of Congress

Elections

2024

See also: New York's 26th Congressional District election, 2024

New York's 26th Congressional District election, 2024 (June 25 Republican primary)

New York's 26th Congressional District election, 2024 (June 25 Democratic primary)

General election

General election for U.S. House New York District 26

Incumbent Timothy M. Kennedy defeated Anthony Marecki in the general election for U.S. House New York District 26 on November 5, 2024.

Candidate
%
Votes
✔
Image of Timothy M. Kennedy
Timothy M. Kennedy (D / Working Families Party)
 
65.1
 
209,131
Silhouette Placeholder Image.png
Submit photo
Anthony Marecki (R / Conservative Party)
 
34.8
 
111,772
 Other/Write-in votes
 
0.1
 
401

Incumbents are bolded and underlined. The results have been certified. Source

Total votes: 321,304
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.

Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team.

Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

Democratic primary election

The Democratic primary election was canceled. Incumbent Timothy M. Kennedy advanced from the Democratic primary for U.S. House New York District 26.

Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

Republican primary election

The Republican primary election was canceled. Anthony Marecki advanced from the Republican primary for U.S. House New York District 26.

Conservative Party primary election

The Conservative Party primary election was canceled. Anthony Marecki advanced from the Conservative Party primary for U.S. House New York District 26.

Working Families Party primary election

The Working Families Party primary election was canceled. Incumbent Timothy M. Kennedy advanced from the Working Families Party primary for U.S. House New York District 26.

Endorsements

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Ballotpedia did not identify endorsements for Higgins in this election.

2022

See also: New York's 26th Congressional District election, 2022

General election

General election for U.S. House New York District 26

Incumbent Brian Higgins defeated Steven Sams in the general election for U.S. House New York District 26 on November 8, 2022.

Candidate
%
Votes
✔
Image of Brian Higgins
Brian Higgins (D / Working Families Party)
 
63.9
 
156,883
Image of Steven Sams
Steven Sams (R / Conservative Party) Candidate Connection
 
36.0
 
88,339
 Other/Write-in votes
 
0.1
 
149

Incumbents are bolded and underlined. The results have been certified. Source

Total votes: 245,371
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.

Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team.

Democratic primary election

Democratic primary for U.S. House New York District 26

Incumbent Brian Higgins defeated Emin Eddie Egriu in the Democratic primary for U.S. House New York District 26 on August 23, 2022.

Candidate
%
Votes
✔
Image of Brian Higgins
Brian Higgins
 
90.9
 
28,485
Image of Emin Eddie Egriu
Emin Eddie Egriu Candidate Connection
 
8.7
 
2,731
 Other/Write-in votes
 
0.3
 
109

Incumbents are bolded and underlined. The results have been certified. Source

Total votes: 31,325
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.

Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team.

Republican primary election

The Republican primary election was canceled. Steven Sams advanced from the Republican primary for U.S. House New York District 26.

Conservative Party primary election

The Conservative Party primary election was canceled. Steven Sams advanced from the Conservative Party primary for U.S. House New York District 26.

Working Families Party primary election

The Working Families Party primary election was canceled. Incumbent Brian Higgins advanced from the Working Families Party primary for U.S. House New York District 26.

2020

See also: New York's 26th Congressional District election, 2020

New York's 26th Congressional District election, 2020 (June 23 Republican primary)

New York's 26th Congressional District election, 2020 (June 23 Democratic primary)

General election

General election for U.S. House New York District 26

Incumbent Brian Higgins defeated Ricky Donovan, Sr. and Mike Raleigh in the general election for U.S. House New York District 26 on November 3, 2020.

Candidate
%
Votes
✔
Image of Brian Higgins
Brian Higgins (D / Working Families Party / Serve America Movement Party)
 
69.8
 
223,366
Image of Ricky Donovan, Sr.
Ricky Donovan, Sr. (R)
 
28.7
 
91,706
Image of Mike Raleigh
Mike Raleigh (G)
 
1.4
 
4,631
 Other/Write-in votes
 
0.1
 
244

Incumbents are bolded and underlined. The results have been certified. Source

Total votes: 319,947
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.

Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team.

Democratic primary election

The Democratic primary election was canceled. Incumbent Brian Higgins advanced from the Democratic primary for U.S. House New York District 26.

Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

Republican primary election

The Republican primary election was canceled. Ricky Donovan, Sr. advanced from the Republican primary for U.S. House New York District 26.

Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

Green primary election

The Green primary election was canceled. Mike Raleigh advanced from the Green primary for U.S. House New York District 26.

Independence Party primary election

Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

Libertarian primary election

Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

Serve America Movement Party primary election

The Serve America Movement Party primary election was canceled. Incumbent Brian Higgins advanced from the Serve America Movement Party primary for U.S. House New York District 26.

Working Families Party primary election

The Working Families Party primary election was canceled. Incumbent Brian Higgins advanced from the Working Families Party primary for U.S. House New York District 26.

2018

See also: New York's 26th Congressional District election, 2018

General election

General election for U.S. House New York District 26

Incumbent Brian Higgins defeated Renee Zeno in the general election for U.S. House New York District 26 on November 6, 2018.

Candidate
%
Votes
✔
Image of Brian Higgins
Brian Higgins (D)
 
73.3
 
169,166
Image of Renee Zeno
Renee Zeno (R)
 
26.7
 
61,488

Incumbents are bolded and underlined. The results have been certified. Source

Total votes: 230,654
(100.00% precincts reporting)
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.

Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team.

Democratic primary election

Democratic primary for U.S. House New York District 26

Incumbent Brian Higgins advanced from the Democratic primary for U.S. House New York District 26 on June 26, 2018.

Candidate
✔
Image of Brian Higgins
Brian Higgins

Incumbents are bolded and underlined. The results have been certified.

Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.

Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team.

Republican primary election

Republican primary for U.S. House New York District 26

Renee Zeno advanced from the Republican primary for U.S. House New York District 26 on June 26, 2018.

Candidate
✔
Image of Renee Zeno
Renee Zeno

There were no incumbents in this race. The results have been certified.

Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.

Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team.

Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

2016

See also: New York's 26th Congressional District election, 2016

Heading into the election, Ballotpedia rated this race as safely Democratic. Incumbent Brian Higgins (D) defeated Shelly Schratz (R) in the general election on November 8, 2016. Neither candidate faced any opposition in the primaries on June 28, 2016.[170][171]

U.S. House, New York District 26 General Election, 2016
Party Candidate Vote % Votes
     Democratic Green check mark transparent.pngBrian Higgins Incumbent 74.6% 215,289
     Republican Shelly Schratz 25.4% 73,377
Total Votes 288,666
Source: New York Board of Elections

2014

See also: New York's 26th Congressional District elections, 2014

Higgins ran in the 2014 election for the U.S. House to represent New York's 26th District. Higgins ran unopposed for the Democratic and Working Families Party nominations in the primary on June 24, 2014. Higgins defeated Kathy Weppner (R) in the general election. The general election took place on November 4, 2014.

U.S. House, New York District 26 General Election, 2014
Party Candidate Vote % Votes
     Democratic Green check mark transparent.pngBrian Higgins Incumbent 68.1% 113,210
     Republican Kathy Weppner 31.8% 52,909
     N/A Write-in votes 0% 5
Total Votes 166,124
Source: New York State Board of Elections, NYS Board of Elections Rep. in Congress Election Returns November 4, 2014," accessed August 30, 2021

2012

See also: New York's 26th Congressional District elections, 2012

Higgins won re-election in 2012, and due to New York's redistricting, he ran in the newly redrawn 26th District.[172] He was unopposed in the Democratic and Working Families Party primaries and defeated Michael Madigan (R) in the general election on November 6, 2012.[173][174]

U.S. House, New York District 26 General Election, 2012
Party Candidate Vote % Votes
     Democratic Green check mark transparent.pngBrian Higgins Incumbent 74.8% 212,588
     Republican Michael Madigan 25.2% 71,666
     N/A Write-in votes 0% 17
Total Votes 284,271
Source: New York State Board of Elections, "NYS Board of Elections Rep. in Congress Election Returns Nov. 6, 2012," accessed September 1, 2021

Full history


Campaign themes

2024

Ballotpedia survey responses

See also: Ballotpedia's Candidate Connection

Brian Higgins did not complete Ballotpedia's 2024 Candidate Connection survey.

2022

Brian Higgins did not complete Ballotpedia's 2022 Candidate Connection survey.

2020

Brian Higgins did not complete Ballotpedia's 2020 Candidate Connection survey.

Notable endorsements

See also: Ballotpedia: Our approach to covering endorsements

This section displays endorsements this individual made in elections within Ballotpedia's coverage scope.

Notable candidate endorsements by Brian Higgins
EndorseeElectionStageOutcome
David Trone  source  (D) U.S. Senate Maryland (2024) PrimaryLost Primary
Kathy Hochul  source  (D, Working Families Party) Governor of New York (2022) PrimaryWon General
Hillary Clinton  source  (D) President of the United States (2016) PrimaryLost General

Campaign finance summary

Note: The finance data shown here comes from the disclosures required of candidates and parties. Depending on the election or state, this may represent only a portion of all the funds spent on their behalf. Satellite spending groups may or may not have expended funds related to the candidate or politician on whose page you are reading this disclaimer. Campaign finance data from elections may be incomplete. For elections to federal offices, complete data can be found at the FEC website. Click here for more on federal campaign finance law and here for more on state campaign finance law.

Brian Higgins campaign contribution history
YearOfficeStatusContributionsExpenditures
2024* U.S. House New York District 26Withdrew primary$0 N/A**
2022U.S. House New York District 26Won general$1,546,746 $1,864,455
2020U.S. House New York District 26Won general$1,128,730 $988,667
2018U.S. House New York District 26Won general$1,084,457 $909,974
2016U.S. House, New York District 26Won $791,383 N/A**
2014U.S. House (New York, District 26)Won $851,431 N/A**
2012U.S. House New York District 26Won $1,091,162 N/A**
2010U.S. House New York District 27Won $1,113,936 N/A**
2008U.S. House New York District 27Won $1,088,825 N/A**
2006U.S. House New York District 27Won $1,227,884 N/A**
2004U.S. House New York District 27Won $1,357,911 N/A**
** Data on expenditures is not available for this election cycle
Note: Totals above reflect only available data.

Personal Gain Index

Congressional Personal Gain Index graphic.png
See also: Personal Gain Index (U.S. Congress)

The Personal Gain Index (U.S. Congress) is a two-part measurement that illustrates the extent to which members of the U.S. Congress have prospered during their tenure as public servants.
It consists of two different metrics:

PGI: Change in net worth

See also: Changes in Net Worth of U.S. Senators and Representatives (Personal Gain Index) and Net worth of United States Senators and Representatives
Net Worth Metric graphic.png

Based on congressional financial disclosure forms and calculations made available by OpenSecrets.org, Higgins' net worth as of 2012 was estimated between $-41,991 and $105,999. That averages to $32,004, which is lower than the average net worth of Democratic representatives in 2012 of $5,700,168.36. Higgins ranked as the 398th most wealthy representative in 2012.[179] Between 2004 and 2012, Higgins' calculated net worth increased from $-303,858 to $32,004. Between 2004 and 2012, the average annual percentage increase for a member of Congress was 15.4 percent.[180]

Brian Higgins Yearly Net Worth
YearAverage Net Worth
2004$−303,858
2012$32,004
Growth from 2004 to 2012:N/A
Average annual growth:N/A
Comparatively, the American citizen experienced a median yearly decline in net worth of -0.94%.[181]

The data used to calculate changes in net worth may include changes resulting from assets gained through marriage, inheritance, changes in family estates and/or trusts, changes in family business ownership, and many other variables unrelated to a member's behavior in Congress.

PGI: Donation Concentration Metric

See also: The Donation Concentration Metric (U.S. Congress Personal Gain Index)

Filings required by the Federal Election Commission report on the industries that give to each candidate. Using campaign filings and information calculated by OpenSecrets.org, Ballotpedia calculated the percentage of donations by industry received by each incumbent over the course of his or her career (or 1989 and later, if elected prior to 1988). Higgins received the most donations from individuals and PACs employed by the Lawyers/Law Firms industry.

From 2003-2014, 26.94 percent of Higgins' career contributions came from the top five industries as listed below.[182]

Donation Concentration Metric graphic.png
Brian Higgins Campaign Contributions
Total Raised $6,569,967
Total Spent $5,916,403
Top five industries that contributed to campaign committee
Lawyers/Law Firms$609,996
Transportation Unions$313,150
Building Trade Unions$299,880
Public Sector Unions$287,060
Real Estate$259,914
% total in top industry9.28%
% total in top two industries14.05%
% total in top five industries26.94%

Analysis

Ideology and leadership

See also: GovTrack's Political Spectrum & Legislative Leadership ranking

Based on an analysis of bill sponsorship by GovTrack, Rep. Higgins was a rank-and-file Democrat as of August 2014.[183] This was the same rating Higgins received in June 2013.

Like-minded colleagues

The website OpenCongress tracks the voting records of each member to determine with whom he or she votes most and least often. The results include a member from each party.[184]

Higgins most often votes with:

Higgins least often votes with:


Lifetime voting record

See also: Lifetime voting records of United States Senators and Representatives

According to the website GovTrack, Higgins missed 371 of 8,098 roll call votes from January 2005 to September 2015. This amounted to 4.6 percent, which was higher than the median of 2.2 percent among representatives as of September 2015.[183]

Congressional staff salaries

See also: Staff salaries of United States Senators and Representatives

The website Legistorm compiles staff salary information for members of Congress. Higgins paid his congressional staff a total of $1,168,721 in 2011. Overall, New York ranked 28th in average salary for representative staff. The average U.S. House of Representatives congressional staff was paid $954,912.20 in fiscal year 2011.[185]

Staff bonuses

According to an analysis by CNN, Higgins was one of nearly 25 percent of House members who gave their staff bonuses in 2012. Higgins's staff was given an apparent $3,000.00 in bonus money.[186]

National Journal vote ratings

See also: National Journal vote ratings

Each year National Journal publishes an analysis of how liberally or conservatively each member of Congress voted in the previous year. Click the link above for the full ratings of all members of Congress.

2013

Higgins ranked 24th in the liberal rankings in 2013.[187]

2012

Higgins ranked 133rd in the liberal rankings in 2012.[188]

2011

Higgins ranked 148th in the liberal rankings in 2011.[189]

Voting with party

The website OpenCongress tracks how often members of Congress vote with the majority of the chamber caucus.

2014

Higgins voted with the Democratic Party 94.6 percent of the time, which ranked 48th among the 204 House Democratic members as of August 2014.[190]

2013

Higgins voted with the Democratic Party 92.5 percent of the time, which ranked 114th among the 201 House Democratic members as of June 2013.[191]

See also

2024 Elections

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Footnotes

  1. ↑ WIVB 4, "Brian Higgins announces plans to resign from Congress, set to take top Shea’s job," accessed December 11, 2023
  2. ↑ The Buffalo News, "Brian Higgins to leave Congress on Friday" January 27, 2024
  3. ↑ Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, "HIGGINS, Brian, (1959 - )," accessed December 24, 2011
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, "HIGGINS, Brian, (1959 - )," accessed February 12, 2015
  5. ↑ U.S. House Clerk, "Official Alphabetical List of the House of Representatives of the United States One Hundred Fifteenth Congress," accessed February 2, 2017
  6. ↑ U.S. House of Representatives, Office of the Clerk, "Committee Information," accessed February 20, 2015
  7. ↑ CQ.com, "House Committee Rosters for the 113th Congress," accessed March 3, 2013
  8. ↑ Congressman Brian Higgins, Western New York, "Committee and Caucus Work," accessed December 24, 2011
  9. ↑ Committee on Foreign Affairs, Chairman Ileana Ros-Lehtinen, "Members," accessed December 24, 2011
  10. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.2670 - National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024," accessed February 23, 2024
  11. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.185 - To terminate the requirement imposed by the Director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for proof of COVID-19 vaccination for foreign travelers, and for other purposes." accessed February 23, 2024
  12. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.2811 - Limit, Save, Grow Act of 2023," accessed February 23, 2024
  13. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.Con.Res.9 - Denouncing the horrors of socialism." accessed February 23, 2024
  14. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.1 - Lower Energy Costs Act," accessed February 23, 2024
  15. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.J.Res.30 - Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Labor relating to 'Prudence and Loyalty in Selecting Plan Investments and Exercising Shareholder Rights'." accessed February 23, 2024
  16. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.J.Res.7 - Relating to a national emergency declared by the President on March 13, 2020." accessed February 23, 2024
  17. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.3746 - Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023," accessed February 23, 2024
  18. ↑ Congress.gov, "Roll Call 20," accessed February 23, 2024
  19. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.Res.757 - Declaring the office of Speaker of the House of Representatives to be vacant.," accessed February 23, 2024
  20. ↑ Congress.gov, "Roll Call 527," accessed February 23, 2024
  21. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.Res.757 - Declaring the office of Speaker of the House of Representatives to be vacant." accessed February 23, 2024
  22. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.Res.878 - Providing for the expulsion of Representative George Santos from the United States House of Representatives." accessed February 23, 2024
  23. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.2 - Secure the Border Act of 2023," accessed February 13, 2025
  24. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.4366 - Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2024," accessed February 13, 2025
  25. ↑ Congress.gov, "Tax Relief for American Families and Workers Act of 2024," accessed February 23, 2024
  26. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.3684 - Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act," accessed April 15, 2022
  27. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.1319 - American Rescue Plan Act of 2021," accessed April 15, 2022
  28. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.5376 - Inflation Reduction Act of 2022," accessed January 20, 2023
  29. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.3617 - Marijuana Opportunity Reinvestment and Expungement Act," accessed January 20, 2023
  30. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.1 - For the People Act of 2021," accessed April 15, 2022
  31. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.1808 - Assault Weapons Ban of 2022," accessed January 20, 2023
  32. ↑ Congress.gov, "S.1605 - National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2022," accessed April 15, 2022
  33. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.7776 - James M. Inhofe National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023," accessed January 20, 2023
  34. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.6 - American Dream and Promise Act of 2021," accessed April 15, 2022
  35. ↑ Congress.gov, "S.3373 - Sergeant First Class Heath Robinson Honoring our Promise to Address Comprehensive Toxics Act of 2022," accessed January 20, 2023
  36. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.4346 - Chips and Science Act," accessed January 20, 2023
  37. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.3755 - Women's Health Protection Act of 2021," accessed April 15, 2022
  38. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.1996 - SAFE Banking Act of 2021," accessed April 15, 2022
  39. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.2471 - Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022," accessed January 20, 2023
  40. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.5 - Equality Act," accessed April 15, 2022
  41. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.8404 - Respect for Marriage Act," accessed January 20, 2023
  42. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.6833 - Continuing Appropriations and Ukraine Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2023," accessed January 20, 2023
  43. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.7688 - Consumer Fuel Price Gouging Prevention Act," accessed January 20, 2023
  44. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.8 - Bipartisan Background Checks Act of 2021," accessed January 20, 2023
  45. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.5746 - Freedom to Vote: John R. Lewis Act," accessed January 20, 2023
  46. ↑ Congress.gov, "S.2938 - Bipartisan Safer Communities Act," accessed January 20, 2023
  47. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.Res.24 - Impeaching Donald John Trump, President of the United States, for high crimes and misdemeanors.," accessed April 15, 2022
  48. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.2617 - Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023," accessed January 20, 2023
  49. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.1044 - Fairness for High-Skilled Immigrants Act of 2020," accessed March 22, 2024
  50. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.6800 - The Heroes Act," accessed April 23, 2024
  51. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.1 - For the People Act of 2019," accessed April 23, 2024
  52. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.748 - CARES Act," accessed April 23, 2024
  53. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.5 - Equality Act," accessed April 23, 2024
  54. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.8 - Bipartisan Background Checks Act of 2019," accessed April 23, 2024
  55. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.6 - American Dream and Promise Act of 2019," accessed April 27, 2024
  56. ↑ Congress.gov, "S.1790 - National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2020," accessed April 27, 2024
  57. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.6201 - Families First Coronavirus Response Act," accessed April 24, 2024
  58. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.1994 - Setting Every Community Up for Retirement Enhancement Act of 2019," accessed April 27, 2024
  59. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.3 - Elijah E. Cummings Lower Drug Costs Now Act," accessed March 22, 2024
  60. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.1865 - Further Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020," accessed April 27, 2024
  61. ↑ Congress.gov, "S.1838 - Hong Kong Human Rights and Democracy Act of 2019," accessed April 27, 2024
  62. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.3884 - MORE Act of 2020," accessed April 27, 2024
  63. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.6074 - Coronavirus Preparedness and Response Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2020," accessed April 27, 2024
  64. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.J.Res.31 - Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2019," accessed April 27, 2024
  65. ↑ Congress.gov, "S.47 - John D. Dingell, Jr. Conservation, Management, and Recreation Act," accessed April 27, 2024
  66. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.6395 - William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021," accessed April 27, 2024
  67. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.6395 - William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021," accessed April 27, 2024
  68. ↑ Congress.gov, "S.24 - Government Employee Fair Treatment Act of 2019," accessed April 27, 2024
  69. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.Res.755 - Impeaching Donald John Trump, President of the United States, for high crimes and misdemeanors," accessed April 27, 2024
  70. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.Res.755 - Impeaching Donald John Trump, President of the United States, for high crimes and misdemeanors," accessed April 27, 2024
  71. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 434," accessed December 13, 2018
  72. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 284," June 21, 2018
  73. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 282," June 21, 2018
  74. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 434," accessed March 12, 2019
  75. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 549," October 3, 2017
  76. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 344," June 29, 2017
  77. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 342," June 29, 2017
  78. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 256," May 4, 2017
  79. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 405," September 26, 2018
  80. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 399," September 13, 2018
  81. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 313," June 28, 2018
  82. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 257," June 8, 2018
  83. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 216," May 22, 2018
  84. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 127," March 22, 2018
  85. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 69," February 9, 2018
  86. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 60," February 6, 2018
  87. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 44," January 22, 2018
  88. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 33," January 18, 2018
  89. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 708," December 21, 2017
  90. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 692," December 19, 2017
  91. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 670," December 7, 2017
  92. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 637," November 16, 2017
  93. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 589," October 26, 2017
  94. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 557," October 5, 2017
  95. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 528," September 14, 2017
  96. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 480," September 8, 2017
  97. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 441," September 6, 2017
  98. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 299," June 8, 2017
  99. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 249," May 3, 2017
  100. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 230," May 24, 2018
  101. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 49," January 30, 2018
  102. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 631," November 14, 2017
  103. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 435," July 27, 2017
  104. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 413," July 25, 2017
  105. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 437," July 28, 2017
  106. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 407," July 24, 2017
  107. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 378," July 14, 2017
  108. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 136," March 8, 2017
  109. ↑ Congressional Record, "Resume of Congressional Activity, First Session of the 113th Congress," accessed April 29, 2015
  110. ↑ Congressional Record, "Resume of Congressional Activity, Second Session of the 114th Congress," accessed January 5, 2017
  111. ↑ Congressional Record, "Resume of Congressional Activity, First Session of the One Hundred Fourteenth Congress," April 13, 2015
  112. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 361," June 12, 2015
  113. ↑ Roll Call, "Deadline for TAA Do-Over Vote Extended to July 30 (Updated)," June 15, 2015
  114. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 362," June 12, 2015
  115. ↑ Roll Call, "Deadline for TAA Do-Over Vote Extended to July 30 (Updated)," June 15, 2015
  116. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 374," June 18, 2015
  117. ↑ Politico, "Trade turnaround: House backs new power for Obama," June 18, 2015
  118. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 388," June 24, 2015
  119. ↑ The Hill, "Obama signs trade bills," June 29, 2015
  120. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 239," accessed May 27, 2015
  121. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R. 1735," accessed May 27, 2015
  122. ↑ The Hill, "Redone defense policy bill sails through House," accessed November 12, 2015
  123. ↑ Congress.gov, "S. 1356," accessed November 12, 2015
  124. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 618," accessed November 12, 2015
  125. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Motion (Motion to Concur in the House Amendment to S. 1356)," accessed November 12, 2015
  126. ↑ Congress.gov, "S.Con.Res.11," accessed May 5, 2015
  127. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 183," accessed May 5, 2015
  128. ↑ The Hill, "Republicans pass a budget, flexing power of majority," accessed May 5, 2015
  129. ↑ Congress.gov, "HR 1314 - Bipartisan Budget Act of 2015," accessed November 1, 2015
  130. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 579," accessed November 1, 2015
  131. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Motion (Motion to Concur in the House Amendment to the Senate Amendment to H.R. 1314)," accessed November 1, 2015
  132. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.1191 - Iran Nuclear Agreement Review Act of 2015," accessed May 16, 2015
  133. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 226," accessed May 16, 2015
  134. ↑ Congress.gov, "HR 3461," accessed September 11, 2015
  135. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 493," accessed September 11, 2015
  136. ↑ Congress.gov, "HR 3460," accessed September 10, 2015
  137. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 494," accessed September 11, 2015
  138. ↑ Congress.gov, "H Res 411," accessed September 10, 2015
  139. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 492," accessed September 10, 2015
  140. ↑ Congress.gov, "HR 597," accessed November 2, 2015
  141. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 576," accessed November 2, 2015
  142. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.2048," accessed May 26, 2015
  143. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 224," accessed May 26, 2015
  144. ↑ Congress.gov, "HR 36 - the Pain-Capable Unborn Child Protection Act," accessed May 16, 2015
  145. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "HR 36," accessed May 16, 2015
  146. ↑ Congress.gov, "HR 1731," accessed November 2, 2015
  147. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 173," accessed November 2, 2015
  148. ↑ Congress.gov, "HR 1560 - Protecting Cyber Networks Act," accessed November 1, 2015
  149. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 170," accessed November 1, 2015
  150. ↑ Congress.gov, "HR 4038 - the American SAFE Act of 2015," accessed November 20, 2015
  151. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 643," accessed November 20, 2015
  152. ↑ Congressional Record, "Resume of Congressional Activity, First Session of the 112th Congress," accessed September 5, 2013
  153. ↑ Congressional Record, "Resume of Congressional Activity, Second Session of the 113th Congress," accessed March 4, 2014
  154. ↑ 154.0 154.1 154.2 154.3 Project Vote Smart, "Representative Higgins' Voting Records on National Security," accessed October 10, 2013
  155. ↑ The Library of Congress, "Bill Summary & Status - 113th Congress (2013 - 2014) - H.R.624," accessed August 27, 2013
  156. ↑ Vote Smart, "Higgins on agriculture," accessed October 10, 2013
  157. ↑ New York Times, "House Republicans Push Through Farm Bill, Without Food Stamps," accessed September 17, 2013
  158. ↑ Vote Smart, "Letter to Ranking Member Collin Peterson, House Committee on Agriculture - Reject Rep. King's Provision on Farm Bill," accessed September 23, 2013
  159. ↑ Time.com, "King Farm Bill Amendment Angers Animal Advocates," accessed September 18, 2013
  160. ↑ Clerk of the U.S. House, "Final vote results for Roll Call 504," accessed October 31, 2013
  161. ↑ Buzzfeed, "Government Shutdown: How We Got Here," accessed October 1, 2013
  162. ↑ Clerk of the U.S. House, "Final vote results for Roll Call 504," accessed October 31, 2013
  163. ↑ The Washington Post, "Reid, McConnell propose bipartisan Senate bill to end shutdown, extend borrowing," accessed October 16, 2013
  164. ↑ U.S. House, "Final vote results for Roll Call 550," accessed October 31, 2013
  165. ↑ The Library of Congress, "H.AMDT.136," accessed August 28, 2013
  166. ↑ Project Vote Smart, "Representative Higgins' Voting Records on Immigration," accessed October 10, 2013
  167. ↑ Project Vote Smart, "Representative Higgins' Voting Records on Issue: Health and Healthcare," accessed October 10, 2013
  168. ↑ Project Vote Smart, "Higgins on abortion," accessed October 10, 2013
  169. ↑ U.S. House, "Roll Call Vote on the Fiscal Cliff," accessed January 4, 2013
  170. ↑ New York State Board of Elections, "Filings received for the 2016 Primary Election," accessed May 15, 2016
  171. ↑ Politico, "New York House Races Results," June 28, 2016
  172. ↑ Buffalo News, "Hochul starts strong as finances are reported," April 17, 2012
  173. ↑ AP/CSPAN, "New York-Summary Vote Report," June 26, 2012
  174. ↑ Politico, "2012 Election Map, New York," accessed November 7, 2012
  175. ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 2, 2010," accessed March 28, 2013
  176. ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 4, 2008," accessed March 28, 2013
  177. ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 7, 2006," accessed March 28, 2013
  178. ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 2, 2004," accessed March 28, 2013
  179. ↑ OpenSecrets.org, "Brian Higgins (D-NY), 2012," accessed February 18, 2014
  180. ↑ This number was found by dividing each member's total net worth growth percentage by the number of years included in the calculation.
  181. ↑ This figure was calculated using median asset data from the Census Bureau. Please see the Congressional Net Worth data for Ballotpedia spreadsheet for more information on this calculation.
  182. ↑ OpenSecrets.org, "Rep. Brian M. Higgins," accessed September 26, 2014
  183. ↑ 183.0 183.1 GovTrack, "Brian Higgins," accessed August 12, 2014
  184. ↑ OpenCongress, "Brian Higgins," accessed August 12, 2014
  185. ↑ LegiStorm, "Brian M. Higgins," accessed October 1, 2012
  186. ↑ CNN Politics, "Congressional bonuses in a time of cuts," accessed March 8, 2013
  187. ↑ National Journal, "2013 Congressional Vote Ratings," accessed August 12, 2014
  188. ↑ National Journal, "2012 Congressional Vote Ratings," accessed March 6, 2013
  189. ↑ National Journal, "Searchable Vote Ratings Tables: House," accessed February 23, 2012
  190. ↑ OpenCongress, "Voting With Party," accessed July 2014
  191. ↑ OpenCongress, "Voting With Party," accessed July 2014

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