language: c#

filename: csharp-pt.cs

contributors:

- ["Robson Alves", "http://robsonalves.net/"]

lang: pt-br

C# é uma linguagem elegante, altamente tipada e orientada a objetos que permite aos desenvolvedores criar uma variedade de aplicações seguras e robustas que são executadas no .NET Framework.

[Leia mais aqui.](http://msdn.microsoft.com/pt-br/library/vstudio/z1zx9t92.aspx)

```c#

using System;

using System.Collections.Generic;

using System.Dynamic;

using System.Linq;

using System.Net;

using System.Threading.Tasks;

using System.IO;

using System.Data.Entity;

namespace Learning.CSharp

// Cada .cs deve conter uma classe com o mesmo nome do arquivo

// você está autorizado a contrariar isto, mas evite por sua sanidade.

public class AprenderCsharp

{

// Sintaxe Básica - Pule para as CARACTERÍSTICAS INTERESSANTES se você ja usou Java ou C++ antes.

public static void Syntax()

{

// Use Console.WriteLine para apresentar uma linha

Console.WriteLine("Hello World");

Console.WriteLine(

"Integer: " + 10 +

" Double: " + 3.14 +

" Boolean: " + true);

// Para apresentar sem incluir uma nova linha, use Console.Write

Console.Write("Hello ");

Console.Write("World");

///////////////////////////////////////////////////

// Tipos e Variáveis

//

// Declare uma variável usando <tipo> <nome>

///////////////////////////////////////////////////

// Sbyte - Signed 8-bit integer

// (-128 <= sbyte <= 127)

sbyte fooSbyte = 100;

// Byte - Unsigned 8-bit integer

// (0 <= byte <= 255)

byte fooByte = 100;

// Short - 16-bit integer

// Signed - (-32,768 <= short <= 32,767)

// Unsigned - (0 <= ushort <= 65,535)

short fooShort = 10000;

ushort fooUshort = 10000;

// Integer - 32-bit integer

int fooInt = 1; // (-2,147,483,648 <= int <= 2,147,483,647)

uint fooUint = 1; // (0 <= uint <= 4,294,967,295)

// Long - 64-bit integer

long fooLong = 100000L; // (-9,223,372,036,854,775,808 <= long <= 9,223,372,036,854,775,807)

ulong fooUlong = 100000L; // (0 <= ulong <= 18,446,744,073,709,551,615)

// Numbers default to being int or uint depending on size.

// L is used to denote that this variable value is of type long or ulong

// Double - Double-precision 64-bit IEEE 754 Floating Point

double fooDouble = 123.4; // Precision: 15-16 digits

// Float - Single-precision 32-bit IEEE 754 Floating Point

float fooFloat = 234.5f; // Precision: 7 digits

// f is used to denote that this variable value is of type float

// Decimal - um tipo de dados de 128 bits, com mais precisão do que outros tipos de ponto flutuante,

// adequado para cálculos financeiros e monetários

decimal fooDecimal = 150.3m;

// Boolean - true & false

bool fooBoolean = true; // or false

// Char - A single 16-bit Unicode character

char fooChar = 'A';

// Strings - ao contrário dos anteriores tipos base, que são todos os tipos de valor,

            // Uma string é um tipo de referência. Ou seja, você pode configurá-lo como nulo

string fooString = "\"escape\" quotes and add \n (new lines) and \t (tabs)";

Console.WriteLine(fooString);

// Você pode acessar todos os caracteres de string com um indexador:

char charFromString = fooString[1]; // => 'e'

// Strings são imutáveis: você não pode fazer fooString[1] = 'X';

// Compare strings com sua atual cultura, ignorando maiúsculas e minúsculas

string.Compare(fooString, "x", StringComparison.CurrentCultureIgnoreCase);

// Formatando, baseado no sprintf

string fooFs = string.Format("Check Check, {0} {1}, {0} {1:0.0}", 1, 2);

// Datas e formatações

DateTime fooDate = DateTime.Now;

Console.WriteLine(fooDate.ToString("hh:mm, dd MMM yyyy"));

// Você pode juntar um string em mais de duas linhas com o símbolo @. Para escapar do " use ""

string bazString = @"Here's some stuff

// Use const ou read-only para fazer uma variável imutável

// os valores da const são calculados durante o tempo de compilação

const int HoursWorkPerWeek = 9001;

///////////////////////////////////////////////////

// Estrutura de Dados

///////////////////////////////////////////////////

// Matrizes - zero indexado

// O tamanho do array pode ser decidido ainda na declaração

// O formato para declarar uma matriz é o seguinte:

// <tipodado>[] <var nome> = new <tipodado>[<array tamanho>];

int[] intArray = new int[10];

// Outra forma de declarar & inicializar uma matriz

int[] y = { 9000, 1000, 1337 };

// Indexando uma matriz - Acessando um elemento

Console.WriteLine("intArray @ 0: " + intArray[0]);

// Matriz são alteráveis

intArray[1] = 1;

// Listas

// Listas são usadas frequentemente tanto quanto matriz por serem mais flexiveis

// O formato de declarar uma lista é o seguinte:

// List<tipodado> <var nome> = new List<tipodado>();

List<int> intList = new List<int>();

List<string> stringList = new List<string>();

List<int> z = new List<int> { 9000, 1000, 1337 }; // inicializar

// O <> são para genéricos - Confira está interessante seção do material

// Lista não possuem valores padrão.

// Um valor deve ser adicionado antes e depois acessado pelo indexador

intList.Add(1);

Console.WriteLine("intList @ 0: " + intList[0]);

// Outras estruturas de dados para conferir:

// Pilha/Fila

// Dicionário (uma implementação de map de hash)

// HashSet

// Read-only Coleção

// Tuple (.Net 4+)

///////////////////////////////////////

// Operadores

///////////////////////////////////////

Console.WriteLine("\n->Operators");

int i1 = 1, i2 = 2; // Forma curta para declarar diversas variáveis

// Aritmética é clara

Console.WriteLine(i1 + i2 - i1 * 3 / 7); // => 3

// Modulo

Console.WriteLine("11%3 = " + (11 % 3)); // => 2

// Comparações de operadores

Console.WriteLine("3 == 2? " + (3 == 2)); // => falso

Console.WriteLine("3 != 2? " + (3 != 2)); // => verdadeiro

Console.WriteLine("3 > 2? " + (3 > 2)); // => verdadeiro

Console.WriteLine("3 < 2? " + (3 < 2)); // => falso

Console.WriteLine("2 <= 2? " + (2 <= 2)); // => verdadeiro

Console.WriteLine("2 >= 2? " + (2 >= 2)); // => verdadeiro

// Operadores bit a bit (bitwise)

/*

// Incrementações

int i = 0;

Console.WriteLine("\n->Inc/Dec-rementation");

Console.WriteLine(i++); //i = 1. Post-Incrementation

Console.WriteLine(++i); //i = 2. Pre-Incrementation

Console.WriteLine(i--); //i = 1. Post-Decrementation

Console.WriteLine(--i); //i = 0. Pre-Decrementation

///////////////////////////////////////

// Estrutura de Controle

///////////////////////////////////////

Console.WriteLine("\n->Control Structures");

// Declaração if é como a linguagem C

int j = 10;

if (j == 10)

{

Console.WriteLine("I get printed");

}

else if (j > 10)

{

Console.WriteLine("I don't");

}

else

{

Console.WriteLine("I also don't");

}

// Operador Ternário

// Um simples if/else pode ser escrito da seguinte forma

// <condição> ? <verdadeiro> : <falso>

int toCompare = 17;

string isTrue = toCompare == 17 ? "True" : "False";

// While loop

int fooWhile = 0;

while (fooWhile < 100)

{

//Iterated 100 times, fooWhile 0->99

fooWhile++;

}

// Do While Loop

int fooDoWhile = 0;

do

{

// Inicia a interação 100 vezes, fooDoWhile 0->99

if (false)

continue; // pule a intereção atual para apróxima

fooDoWhile++;

if (fooDoWhile == 50)

break; // Interrompe o laço inteiro

} while (fooDoWhile < 100);

//estrutura de loop for => for(<declaração para começar>; <condicional>; <passos>)

for (int fooFor = 0; fooFor < 10; fooFor++)

{

//Iterado 10 vezes, fooFor 0->9

}

// For Each Loop

// Estrutura do foreach => foreach(<Tipo Iterador> <Nome do Iterador> in <enumerable>)

// O laço foreach percorre sobre qualquer objeto que implementa IEnumerable ou IEnumerable<T>

// Toda a coleção de tipos (Array, List, Dictionary...) no .Net framework

// implementa uma ou mais destas interfaces.

// (O ToCharArray() pode ser removido, por que uma string também implementa IEnumerable)

foreach (char character in "Hello World".ToCharArray())

{

//Iterated over all the characters in the string

}

// Switch Case

// Um switch funciona com os tipos de dados byte, short, char, e int.

// Isto também funcional com tipos enumeradors (discutidos em Tipos Enum),

// A classe String, and a few special classes that wrap

// tipos primitívos: Character, Byte, Short, and Integer.

int month = 3;

string monthString;

switch (month)

{

case 1:

monthString = "January";

break;

case 2:

monthString = "February";

break;

case 3:

monthString = "March";

break;

// Você pode declarar mais de um "case" para uma ação

// Mas você não pode adicionar uma ação sem um "break" antes de outro "case"

// (se você quiser fazer isso, você tem que explicitamente adicionar um "goto case x")

case 6:

case 7:

case 8:

monthString = "Summer time!!";

break;

default:

monthString = "Some other month";

break;

}

///////////////////////////////////////

// Converting Data Types And Typecasting

///////////////////////////////////////

// Converting data

// Convert String To Integer

// this will throw a FormatException on failure

int.Parse("123");//returns an integer version of "123"

// try parse will default to type default on failure

// in this case: 0

int tryInt;

if (int.TryParse("123", out tryInt)) // Function is boolean

Console.WriteLine(tryInt); // 123

// Convert Integer To String

// Convert class has a number of methods to facilitate conversions

Convert.ToString(123);

// or

tryInt.ToString();

// Casting

// Cast decimal 15 to a int

// and then implicitly cast to long

long x = (int) 15M;

}

///////////////////////////////////////

// CLASSES - Veja definições no fim do arquivo

///////////////////////////////////////

public static void Classes()

{

// Veja Declaração de objetos no fim do arquivo

// Use new para instanciar uma classe

Bicycle trek = new Bicycle();

// Chame métodos do objeto

trek.SpeedUp(3); // Você deve sempre usar métodos setter e getter

trek.Cadence = 100;

// ToString é uma convenção para exibir o valor desse Objeto.

Console.WriteLine("trek info: " + trek.Info());

// Instancie um novo Penny Farthing

PennyFarthing funbike = new PennyFarthing(1, 10);

Console.WriteLine("funbike info: " + funbike.Info());

Console.Read();

} // Fim do método principal

// CONSOLE ENTRY A console application must have a main method as an entry point

public static void Main(string[] args)

{

OtherInterestingFeatures();

}

//

// INTERESTING FEATURES

//

// DEFAULT METHOD SIGNATURES

public // Visibility

static // Allows for direct call on class without object

int // Return Type,

MethodSignatures(

int maxCount, // First variable, expects an int

int count = 0, // will default the value to 0 if not passed in

int another = 3,

params string[] otherParams // captures all other parameters passed to method

)

{

return -1;

}

// Methods can have the same name, as long as the signature is unique

// A method that differs only in return type is not unique

public static void MethodSignatures(

ref int maxCount, // Pass by reference

out int count)

{

count = 15; // out param must be assigned before control leaves the method

}

// GENERICS

// The classes for TKey and TValue is specified by the user calling this function.

// This method emulates the SetDefault of Python

public static TValue SetDefault<TKey, TValue>(

IDictionary<TKey, TValue> dictionary,

TKey key,

TValue defaultItem)

{

TValue result;

if (!dictionary.TryGetValue(key, out result))

return dictionary[key] = defaultItem;

return result;

}

// You can narrow down the objects that are passed in

public static void IterateAndPrint<T>(T toPrint) where T: IEnumerable<int>

{

// We can iterate, since T is a IEnumerable

foreach (var item in toPrint)

// Item is an int

Console.WriteLine(item.ToString());

}

public static void OtherInterestingFeatures()

{

// OPTIONAL PARAMETERS

MethodSignatures(3, 1, 3, "Some", "Extra", "Strings");

MethodSignatures(3, another: 3); // explicity set a parameter, skipping optional ones

// BY REF AND OUT PARAMETERS

int maxCount = 0, count; // ref params must have value

MethodSignatures(ref maxCount, out count);

// EXTENSION METHODS

int i = 3;

i.Print(); // Defined below

// NULLABLE TYPES - great for database interaction / return values

// any value type (i.e. not a class) can be made nullable by suffixing a ?

// <type>? <var name> = <value>

int? nullable = null; // short hand for Nullable<int>

Console.WriteLine("Nullable variable: " + nullable);

bool hasValue = nullable.HasValue; // true if not null

// ?? is syntactic sugar for specifying default value (coalesce)

// in case variable is null

int notNullable = nullable ?? 0; // 0

// IMPLICITLY TYPED VARIABLES - you can let the compiler work out what the type is:

var magic = "magic is a string, at compile time, so you still get type safety";

// magic = 9; will not work as magic is a string, not an int

// GENERICS

//

var phonebook = new Dictionary<string, string>() {

{"Sarah", "212 555 5555"} // Add some entries to the phone book

};

// Calling SETDEFAULT defined as a generic above

Console.WriteLine(SetDefault<string,string>(phonebook, "Shaun", "No Phone")); // No Phone

// nb, you don't need to specify the TKey and TValue since they can be

// derived implicitly

Console.WriteLine(SetDefault(phonebook, "Sarah", "No Phone")); // 212 555 5555

// LAMBDA EXPRESSIONS - allow you to write code in line

Func<int, int> square = (x) => x * x; // Last T item is the return value

Console.WriteLine(square(3)); // 9

// ERROR HANDLING - coping with an uncertain world

try

{

var funBike = PennyFarthing.CreateWithGears(6);

// will no longer execute because CreateWithGears throws an exception

string some = "";

if (true) some = null;

some.ToLower(); // throws a NullReferenceException

}

catch (NotSupportedException)

{

Console.WriteLine("Not so much fun now!");

}

catch (Exception ex) // catch all other exceptions

{

throw new ApplicationException("It hit the fan", ex);

// throw; // A rethrow that preserves the callstack

}

// catch { } // catch-all without capturing the Exception

finally

{

// executes after try or catch

}

// DISPOSABLE RESOURCES MANAGEMENT - let you handle unmanaged resources easily.

// Most of objects that access unmanaged resources (file handle, device contexts, etc.)

// implement the IDisposable interface. The using statement takes care of

// cleaning those IDisposable objects for you.

using (StreamWriter writer = new StreamWriter("log.txt"))

{

writer.WriteLine("Nothing suspicious here");

// At the end of scope, resources will be released.

// Even if an exception is thrown.

}

// PARALLEL FRAMEWORK

// http://blogs.msdn.com/b/csharpfaq/archive/2010/06/01/parallel-programming-in-net-framework-4-getting-started.aspx

var websites = new string[] {

"http://www.google.com", "http://www.reddit.com",

"http://www.shaunmccarthy.com"

};

var responses = new Dictionary<string, string>();

// Will spin up separate threads for each request, and join on them

// before going to the next step!

Parallel.ForEach(websites,

new ParallelOptions() {MaxDegreeOfParallelism = 3}, // max of 3 threads

website =>

{

// Do something that takes a long time on the file

using (var r = WebRequest.Create(new Uri(website)).GetResponse())

{

responses[website] = r.ContentType;

}

});

// This won't happen till after all requests have been completed

foreach (var key in responses.Keys)

Console.WriteLine("{0}:{1}", key, responses[key]);

// OBJETOS DINÂMICOS (ótimo para trabalhar com outros idiomas)

dynamic student = new ExpandoObject();

student.FirstName = "First Name"; // No need to define class first!

// You can even add methods (returns a string, and takes in a string)

student.Introduce = new Func<string, string>(

(introduceTo) => string.Format("Hey {0}, this is {1}", student.FirstName, introduceTo));

Console.WriteLine(student.Introduce("Beth"));

// IQUERYABLE<T> - almost all collections implement this, which gives you a lot of

// very useful Map / Filter / Reduce style methods

var bikes = new List<Bicycle>();

bikes.Sort(); // Sorts the array

bikes.Sort((b1, b2) => b1.Wheels.CompareTo(b2.Wheels)); // Sorts based on wheels

var result = bikes

.Where(b => b.Wheels > 3) // Filters - chainable (returns IQueryable of previous type)

.Where(b => b.IsBroken && b.HasTassles)

.Select(b => b.ToString()); // Map - we only this selects, so result is a IQueryable<string>

var sum = bikes.Sum(b => b.Wheels); // Reduce - sums all the wheels in the collection

// Create a list of IMPLICIT objects based on some parameters of the bike

var bikeSummaries = bikes.Select(b=>new { Name = b.Name, IsAwesome = !b.IsBroken && b.HasTassles });

// Hard to show here, but you get type ahead completion since the compiler can implicitly work

// out the types above!

foreach (var bikeSummary in bikeSummaries.Where(b => b.IsAwesome))

Console.WriteLine(bikeSummary.Name);

// ASPARALLEL

// And this is where things get wicked - combines linq and parallel operations

var threeWheelers = bikes.AsParallel().Where(b => b.Wheels == 3).Select(b => b.Name);

// this will happen in parallel! Threads will automagically be spun up and the

// results divvied amongst them! Amazing for large datasets when you have lots of

// cores

// LINQ - maps a store to IQueryable<T> objects, with delayed execution

// e.g. LinqToSql - maps to a database, LinqToXml maps to an xml document

var db = new BikeRepository();

// execution is delayed, which is great when querying a database

var filter = db.Bikes.Where(b => b.HasTassles); // no query run

if (42 > 6) // You can keep adding filters, even conditionally - great for "advanced search" functionality

filter = filter.Where(b => b.IsBroken); // no query run

var query = filter

.OrderBy(b => b.Wheels)

.ThenBy(b => b.Name)

.Select(b => b.Name); // still no query run

// Now the query runs, but opens a reader, so only populates are you iterate through

foreach (string bike in query)

Console.WriteLine(result);

}

} // End LearnCSharp class

// You can include other classes in a .cs file

public static class Extensions

{

// EXTENSION FUNCTIONS

public static void Print(this object obj)

{

Console.WriteLine(obj.ToString());

}

}

// Class Declaration Syntax:

// <public/private/protected/internal> class <class name>{

// //data fields, constructors, functions all inside.

// //functions are called as methods in Java.

// }

public class Bicycle

{

// Bicycle's Fields/Variables

public int Cadence // Public: Can be accessed from anywhere

{

get // get - define a method to retrieve the property

{

return _cadence;

}

set // set - define a method to set a proprety

{

_cadence = value; // Value is the value passed in to the setter

}

}

private int _cadence;

protected virtual int Gear // Protected: Accessible from the class and subclasses

{

get; // creates an auto property so you don't need a member field

set;

}

internal int Wheels // Internal: Accessible from within the assembly

{

get;

private set; // You can set modifiers on the get/set methods

}

int _speed; // Everything is private by default: Only accessible from within this class.

// can also use keyword private

public string Name { get; set; }

// Enum is a value type that consists of a set of named constants

// It is really just mapping a name to a value (an int, unless specified otherwise).

// The approved types for an enum are byte, sbyte, short, ushort, int, uint, long, or ulong.

// An enum can't contain the same value twice.

public enum BikeBrand

{

AIST,

BMC,

Electra = 42, //you can explicitly set a value to a name

Gitane // 43

}

// We defined this type inside a Bicycle class, so it is a nested type

// Code outside of this class should reference this type as Bicycle.Brand

public BikeBrand Brand; // After declaring an enum type, we can declare the field of this type

// Decorate an enum with the FlagsAttribute to indicate that multiple values can be switched on

[Flags] // Any class derived from Attribute can be used to decorate types, methods, parameters etc

public enum BikeAccessories

{

None = 0,

Bell = 1,

MudGuards = 2, // need to set the values manually!

Racks = 4,

Lights = 8,

FullPackage = Bell | MudGuards | Racks | Lights

}

// Usage: aBike.Accessories.HasFlag(Bicycle.BikeAccessories.Bell)

// Before .NET 4: (aBike.Accessories & Bicycle.BikeAccessories.Bell) == Bicycle.BikeAccessories.Bell

public BikeAccessories Accessories { get; set; }

// Static members belong to the type itself rather then specific object.

// You can access them without a reference to any object:

// Console.WriteLine("Bicycles created: " + Bicycle.bicyclesCreated);

public static int BicyclesCreated { get; set; }

// readonly values are set at run time

// they can only be assigned upon declaration or in a constructor

readonly bool _hasCardsInSpokes = false; // read-only private

// Constructors are a way of creating classes

// This is a default constructor

public Bicycle()

{

this.Gear = 1; // you can access members of the object with the keyword this

Cadence = 50; // but you don't always need it

_speed = 5;

Name = "Bontrager";

Brand = BikeBrand.AIST;

BicyclesCreated++;

}

// This is a specified constructor (it contains arguments)

public Bicycle(int startCadence, int startSpeed, int startGear,

string name, bool hasCardsInSpokes, BikeBrand brand)

: base() // calls base first

{

Gear = startGear;

Cadence = startCadence;

_speed = startSpeed;

Name = name;

_hasCardsInSpokes = hasCardsInSpokes;

Brand = brand;

}

// Constructors can be chained

public Bicycle(int startCadence, int startSpeed, BikeBrand brand) :

this(startCadence, startSpeed, 0, "big wheels", true, brand)

{

}

// Function Syntax:

// <public/private/protected> <return type> <function name>(<args>)

// classes can implement getters and setters for their fields

// or they can implement properties (this is the preferred way in C#)

// Method parameters can have default values.

// In this case, methods can be called with these parameters omitted

public void SpeedUp(int increment = 1)

{

_speed += increment;

}

public void SlowDown(int decrement = 1)

{

_speed -= decrement;

}

// properties get/set values

// when only data needs to be accessed, consider using properties.

// properties may have either get or set, or both

private bool _hasTassles; // private variable

public bool HasTassles // public accessor

{

get { return _hasTassles; }

set { _hasTassles = value; }

}

// Você também pode definir uma propriedade automática em uma linha

        // Esta sintaxe criará um campo de apoio automaticamente.

        // Você pode definir um modificador de acesso no getter ou no setter (ou ambos)

        // para restringir seu acesso:

public bool IsBroken { get; private set; }

// Properties can be auto-implemented

public int FrameSize

{

get;

// you are able to specify access modifiers for either get or set

// this means only Bicycle class can call set on Framesize

private set;

}

// It's also possible to define custom Indexers on objects.

// All though this is not entirely useful in this example, you

// could do bicycle[0] which yields "chris" to get the first passenger or

// bicycle[1] = "lisa" to set the passenger. (of this apparent quattrocycle)

private string[] passengers = { "chris", "phil", "darren", "regina" };

public string this[int i]

{

get {

return passengers[i];

}

set {

return passengers[i] = value;

}

}

//Método para exibir os valores dos atributos deste objeto.

public virtual string Info()

{

return "Gear: " + Gear +

" Cadence: " + Cadence +

" Speed: " + _speed +

" Name: " + Name +

" Cards in Spokes: " + (_hasCardsInSpokes ? "yes" : "no") +

"\n------------------------------\n"

;

}

// Methods can also be static. It can be useful for helper methods

public static bool DidWeCreateEnoughBycles()

{

// Within a static method, we only can reference static class members

return BicyclesCreated > 9000;

} // If your class only needs static members, consider marking the class itself as static.

} // end class Bicycle

// PennyFarthing é uma subclasse de Bicycle

class PennyFarthing : Bicycle

{

// (Penny Farthings são aquelas bicicletas com uma grande roda frontal.

// Elas não tem correias.)

// chamando construtor pai

public PennyFarthing(int startCadence, int startSpeed) :

base(startCadence, startSpeed, 0, "PennyFarthing", true, BikeBrand.Electra)

{

}

protected override int Gear

{

get

{

return 0;

}

set

{

throw new InvalidOperationException("You can't change gears on a PennyFarthing");

}

}

public static PennyFarthing CreateWithGears(int gears)

{

var penny = new PennyFarthing(1, 1);

penny.Gear = gears; // Oops, can't do this!

return penny;

}

public override string Info()

{

string result = "PennyFarthing bicycle ";

result += base.ToString(); // Calling the base version of the method

return result;

}

}

// Interfaces contêm apenas as assinaturas dos membros, sem a implementação.

interface IJumpable

{

void Jump(int meters); // todos os membros da interface são implicitamente públicos

}

interface IBreakable

{

bool Broken { get; } // interfaces can contain properties as well as methods & events

}

// Classes podem herdar apenas de uma outra classe, mas podem implementar qualquer quantidade de interfaces.

class MountainBike : Bicycle, IJumpable, IBreakable

{

int damage = 0;

public void Jump(int meters)

{

damage += meters;

}

public bool Broken

{

get

{

return damage > 100;

}

}

}

/// <summary>

/// Exemplo de como conectar-se ao DB via LinqToSql.

    /// EntityFramework First Code é impressionante (semelhante ao ActiveRecord de Ruby, mas bidirecional)

/// http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/data/jj193542.aspx

/// </summary>

public class BikeRepository : DbContext

{

public BikeRepository()

: base()

{

}

public DbSet<Bicycle> Bikes { get; set; }

}

} // End Namespace

```

## Topics Not Covered

## Further Reading