Without user intervention the SIMCLINE will replicate inclines and declines depicted in (online & offline) training programs (like Zwift, Rouvy, VeloReality, myWhoosh and many others) that adjust accordingly the resistance of the indoor trainer.
The SIMCLINE auto connects at power up with a smart Wahoo KICKR trainer or a smart TACX trainer and let's relive the ascents and descents from favorite rides or routes while training indoors.
The physical reach is: 20% maximum incline and -10% maximum decline. However, the reach that the rider is comfortable with can be adjusted!
The SIMCLINE pairs directly to the smart trainer and with your PC/Laptop with (Zwift) training App for a connection that notifies the SIMCLINE to simulate autonomous the (change in) physical grade of the road during an indoor ride.
During operation an OLED display shows the road grade in digits and in graphics.
The SIMCLINE Companion App (for Android smartphones) can be paired, only when the training App is disconnected, for adjusting operational settings, like Ascent Grade Limit (between 0-20%), Descent Grade Limit (between 0-10%), Road Grade Change Factor (between 0-100%) and manual Up and Down control. Notice that the Companion App has a slightly different functionality depending of what brand of trainer (TACX or Wahoo) is connected, due to specific connectivity differences.
There are Instructables available with all the nitty gritty of how to create, construct and install the various parts and components of the different SIMCLINE versions.
The applied electronic components in the 2 projects are somewhat different but NOT in an essential way, as documented hereafter.
NOTICE that the SIMCLINE control code can be run with both (mechanically different) SIMCLINE versions! However, 3 different code versions are specially designed for operating with a TACX or Wahoo Kickr or FTMS enabled trainers! You will find in the arduino folder all the test programs and the common libraries. These will help you to test the electronic components separately and built together of both SIMCLINE versions.
Finally you have to select the SIMCLINE code that is appropriate for the trainer of your liking!
See: 
Cytron Motor Driver MDD3A. Two channel motor driver for 12 V and 3 Amperes with buttons to test manually the working of the attached DC motor. This board enables the processor to set the Actuator motor in up or down movement. It transforms logical digital levels (Go Up, Go Down and Stop) from the Feather nRF52/ESP32 to switching of 12 Volt at 3 Amperes max., the levels at which the Actuator works.
Adafruit Feather nRF52840 Express
Is another easy-to-use all-in-one Bluetooth Low Energy board with a native-Bluetooth chip, the nRF52840! Notice that the Feather nRF52840 Express is to be prefered and has better value for money! It's Adafruits's take on an 'all-in-one' Arduino-compatible + Bluetooth Low Energy with built in USB and battery charging. It is a low power, handsome and fast processor board with lots of memory and I/O pins. Can easily be programmed over the USB connection.
Adafruit HUZZAH32 ESP32 Feather V2
Recently we have shared Simcline code that is targeted for another of the Adafruit star Feathers: the Adafruit HUZZAH32 ESP32 Feather V2 - with the fabulous ESP32 WROOM module. The ESP32 has both WiFi and Bluetooth Classic/LE support. The new HUZZAH32 V2 is Adafruit's redesigned ESP32-based Feather V2. Compared to the original Feather with only 4 MB Flash and no PSRAM, the V2 has 8 MB Flash and 2 MB PSRAM. Packed with everything people love about Feathers: built in USB-to-Serial converter, automatic bootloader reset, Lithium Ion/Polymer charger, and just about all of the GPIOs brought out.
The programmed Feather nRF52/ESP32 is communicating with (a) the trainer to collect power output information and (b) with the training App for resistance settings (like grade) or (c) with the Companion App on your mobile phone. The programmed Feather nRF52/ESP32 is in full control of the Simcline operation.
OLED display blue 128x64 pixels
Small display with screen of: 25 mm x 19 mm. Shows cycling data and diagnostic info that is gathered during operation by the programmed Feather nRF52/ESP32 to inform the Simcline user about relevant information. NOTICE: Install Straight Pin Through Hole Male PCB Header on the board; these will allow later flat mounting of the board on top of the frame!
Time-of-Flight-Distance sensor VL6180X
The sensor contains a very tiny laser source, and a matching sensor. The VL6180X can detect the "time of flight", or how long the laser light has taken to bounce back to the sensor. Since it uses a very narrow light source, it is perfect for determining distance of only the surface directly in front of it. The sensor registers quite accurately the (change in) position of the wheel axle during operation, by measuring the distance between the top of the inner frame and the reflection plate that is mounted on the carriage. The distance feedback of the sensor is crucial for determining how to set the position of the carriage and axle in accordance with the grade information that for example Zwift is using to set the resistance of the trainer. NOTICE: Install Right Angle Through Hole Male PCB Header Pins on the board.
In retrospect I do not regret the component choices made. All components are documented very well. There are lots of examples for use in an Arduino enviroment. They have turned out to be very reliable.
See:
Adafruit DRV8871 DC Motor Driver
A small one channel motor driver for 12 V (6.5 - 48 V) and 3,6 Amperes max. This board enables the processor to set the Actuator motor in up or down movement. It transforms logical digital levels (Go Up, Go Down and Stop) from the Feather nRF52/ESP32 to switching of 12 Volt at 3,6 Amperes max., the levels at which the Actuator works. Notice that default the board comes limited to 2,6 Amperes and you need to add a resistor to set for max current level. Install Vertical Through Hole Male PCB Header Pins on the board; this will allow correct mounting of the board inside the components box!
Adafruit Feather nRF52840 Express
Is another easy-to-use all-in-one Bluetooth Low Energy board with a native-Bluetooth chip, the nRF52840! Notice that the Feather nRF52840 Express is to be preferred and has better value for money! It's Adafruit's take on an 'all-in-one' Arduino-compatible + Bluetooth Low Energy with built in USB and battery charging. It is a low power, handsome and fast processor board with lots of memory and I/O pins. Can easily be programmed over the USB connection.
Adafruit HUZZAH32 ESP32 Feather V2
Recently we have shared Simcline code that is targeted for another of the Adafruit star Feathers: the Adafruit HUZZAH32 ESP32 Feather V2 - with the fabulous ESP32 WROOM module. The ESP32 has both WiFi and Bluetooth Classic/LE support. The new HUZZAH32 V2 is Adafruit's redesigned ESP32-based Feather V2. Compared to the original Feather with only 4 MB Flash and no PSRAM, the V2 has 8 MB Flash and 2 MB PSRAM. Packed with everything people love about Feathers: built in USB-to-Serial converter, automatic bootloader reset, Lithium Ion/Polymer charger, and just about all of the GPIOs brought out.
The programmed Feather nRF52/ESP32 is communicating with (a) the trainer to collect power output information and (b) with the training App for resistance settings (like grade) or (c) with the Companion App on your mobile phone. The programmed Feather nRF52/ESP32 is in full control of the Simcline operation.
OLED display blue/white 128x64 pixels (0,96 Inch, I2C)
Small display board has a critical overall board size of 25 mm * 27 mm (!); (See for example: Webshop). Display area itself is: 25 mm x 14 mm. Shows cycling data and diagnostic info that is gathered during operation by the Feather nRF52/ESP32 to inform the SIMCLINE user about relevant information. NOTICE: a) Many different formfactors are offered at webshops; b) Install Vertical Through Hole Male PCB Header Pins on the board; this will allow correct mounting of the board inside the components box!
Pololu Time-of-Flight-Distance sensor VL6180X
The sensor board (12.7 * 17.8 mm) contains a very tiny laser source, and a matching sensor. The VL6180X can detect the "time of flight", or how long the laser light has taken to bounce back to the sensor. Since it uses a very narrow light source, it is perfect for determining distance of only the surface directly in front of it. The sensor registers quite accurately the (change in) position of the wheel axle during operation, by measuring the distance between the top of the inner frame and the reflection plate that is mounted on the carriage. The distance feedback of the sensor is crucial for determining how to set the position of the carriage and axle in accordance with the grade information that for example Zwift is using to set the resistance of the trainer. NOTICE: a) VL6180X boards are also offered by different suppliers and have different formfactors; b) Install Straight Angle Through Hole Male PCB Header Pins on the board; this will allow later flat mounting of the sensor board in the components box!
Pololu D24V5F5
This is a small 5V, 500mA Step-Down Voltage Regulator that is responsible for voltage conversion from 12V to 5V, the power supply for all components boards. NOTICE: Install Straight Angle Through Hole Male PCB Header Pins on the board; this will allow later easy mounting of the sensor board in the components box!
All components are documented very well and are low cost. There are lots of examples for use in an Arduino environment. They have turned out to be very reliable. The exact wiring of the components can be followed in the figure above.
-
The trainer calculates the resistance, among others using road grade information. That's why Zwift sends modified road grades to the trainer to set resistance. Simple as that! However, resistance (i.e. road grade) is also dependent of Zwift's famous difficulty setting. With the default difficulty setting of 50%, Zwift sends only half the value of the road grade to the trainer. Only when the Zwift App difficulty setting is 100%, Zwift will send unmodified road grades to the trainer (WYSIWYG). As a consequence the Simcline will lift accordingly and show the road grade values on the display! If you observe deviations when riding long and steady climbs, like Alpe-de-Huez or Mt-Ventoux, check the Zwift App "difficulty setting" that is most likely the cause! Most Zwifters have set the Zwift difficulty at 100%, because they want a "road-realistic" experience when training and racing indoors with Zwift.
-
Trainers do NOT react momentarily, but delayed on changes in road grade, they need to process incoming info and the (direct) drive mechanism has to be settled accordingly before you will feel it as a change in resistance. The delay between the initial command (by Zwift) and the feel on the bike is 1 to 1.5 seconds. To accommodate for this delay, the Zwift app sends commands 1 to 1.5 second earlier (!) than what you observe on your screen (slope of the road you see and the displayed road grade value on the Zwift window). This explains temporarily deviating values on the Simcline display in comparison what you see on the Zwift window, after all Simcline is a MITM and is the first to receive changes in road grade, to react (moving the lift mechanism) and to show the new value on the display. When riding rolling hills in rapid succession, like Zwift's Titans Grove, this is most visible! Notice that the Simcline's responsiveness is benefiting of the feature!
-
Zwift handles downhill roads differently! When the road grade values become negative, during a downhill section of the road, Zwift will consequently send only half of the road grade value to the trainer (i.e Simcline). Modern trainers with direct drive are capable to accelerate proportionally with negative road grades. So when the Zwift window shows a -8.0 grade value it has sent only -4.0 road grade to the trainer. The rationale behind this is to minimize effortless riding, after all you get on an indoor bike to do some work! Simcline will act accordingly and display only 50% of the Zwift road grade value on downhill sections!
-
The Simcline code has its own setting that influences how it will react on and display the road grade value sent by Zwift. The Grade-Change-Factor functionality was originally designed and implemented to allow a Simcline user to attenuate the actuator movements in case of a noisy and/or slow actuator. Notice that the original (unmodified) Zwift grade value is passed on to the trainer, so the trainer's resistance is NOT affected by the Grade-Change-Factor setting! Default code setting for the Grade-Change-Factor is 100% and it can be modified dynamically using the Simcline app.
In conclusion when you see different road grade values in the Zwift window compared with the Simcline display, this can have different reasons! If you consider this a problem: check first Zwift difficulty setting and Grade-Change-Factor of the Simcline, these can be modified to what you prefer! Like it or not, the other causes are Zwift features and part of the design! Cycling Apps like Rouvy and MyWhoosh handle road grades more or less comparably.