Readable:
Understanding Guideline 3.1

Intent of Guideline 3.1

The intent of this guideline is to allow text content to be read by users and by assistive technology, and to ensure that information necessary for understanding it is available.

People with disabilities experience text in many different ways. For some the experience is visual; for some it is auditory; for some it is tactile; for still others it is both visual and auditory. Some users experience great difficulty in recognizing written words yet understand extremely complex and sophisticated documents when the text is read aloud, or when key processes and ideas are illustrated visually or interpreted as sign language. For some users, it is difficult to infer the meaning of a word or phrase from context, especially when the word or phrase is used in an unusual way or has been given a specialized meaning; for these users the ability to read and understand may depend on the availability of specific definitions or the expanded forms of acronyms or abbreviations. User agents, including speech-enabled as well as graphical applications, may be unable to present text correctly unless the language and direction of the text are identified; while these may be minor problems for most users, they can be enormous barriers for users with disabilities. In cases where meaning cannot be determined without pronunciation information (for example, certain Japanese Kanji characters), pronunciation information must be available as well

Advisory Techniques for Guideline 3.1 (not success criteria specific)

• Setting expectations about content in the page from uncontrolled sources (future link)

• Providing sign language interpretation for all content (future link)

• Using the clearest and simplest language appropriate for the content (future link)

• Avoiding centrally aligned text (future link)

• Avoiding text that is fully justified (to both left and right margins) in a way that causes poor spacing between words or characters (future link)

• Using left-justified text for languages that are written left to right and right-justified text for languages that are written right-to-left (future link)

• Limiting text column width (future link)

• Avoiding chunks of italic text (future link)

• Avoiding overuse of different styles on individual pages and in sites (future link)

• Making links visually distinct (future link)

• Using images, illustrations, video, audio, or symbols to clarify meaning (future link)

• Providing practical examples to clarify content (future link)

• Using a light pastel background rather than a white background behind black text (future link)

• Avoiding the use of unique interface controls unnecessarily (future link)

• Using upper and lower case according to the spelling rules of the text language (future link)

• Avoiding unusual foreign words (future link)

• Providing sign language versions of information, ideas, and processes that must be understood in order to use the content (future link)

• Making any reference to a location in a Web page into a link to that location (future link)

• Making references to a heading or title include the full text of the title (future link)

• Providing easy-to-read versions of basic information about a set of Web pages, including information about how to contact the Webmaster (future link)

• Providing a sign language version of basic information about a set of Web pages, including information about how to contact the Webmaster (future link)