$BK\J8=q$O!"(B
"Primer: Getting into RDF & Semantic Web using N3"
(http://www.w3.org/2000/10/swap/Primer.html)
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2/6/2003, $BGr@P(B $BE85W(B(Nobuhisa Shiraishi) <[email protected]>

W3C | Semantic Web | SWAP

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N3$B$K$h$k(BRDF$B$H%;%^%s%F%#%C%/(BWeb$BF~Lg(B

The world of the semantic web, as based on RDF, is really simple at the base. This article shows you how to get started. It uses a simplified teaching language — Notation 3 or N3 — which is basically equivalent to RDF in its XML syntax, but easier to scribble when getting started.

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RDF$B$r%Y!<%9$H$9$k%;%^%s%F%#%C%/(BWeb$B$N@$3&$O!"4pK\$O$H$F$bC1=c$G$9!#(B $BK\J8=q$G$O!"4JN,2=$5$l$?650iMQ8@8l$G$"$k(B "Notation 3"(N3)$B$r;H$C$F!"(B $B%;%^%s%F%#%C%/(BWeb$B$N4pAC$K$D$$$F@bL@$7$^$9!#(B N3$B$O!"(BXML$BJ8K!$G$"$k(BRDF$B$H!"4pK\E*$K$[$\F1$85!G=$r;}$C$F$$$^$9$,!"(B $B=i?4

RDF$B$G$O!"!VpJs$rI=$7$^$9!#(B N3$B$G$O!"$3$N(BRDF$B$K$*$1$k(B3$B$D$NMWAG$r!"0J2<$NMM$K!"(B $BKvHx$K%T%j%*%I$r$D$1$F5-=R$7$^$9!#(B

<#pat> <#knows> <#jo> .

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<#pat> <#knows> <#jo> .
<#pat> <#age> "24" .

"knows"$B$H$$$&F0;l$O!"(BRDF$B$G$O!V%W%m%Q%F%#!W$H8F$P$l!"(B2$B$D$N$b$N$N4X78$r(B $BI=$9L>;l$K$"$?$j$^$9!#(B
$B$^$?!"0J2<$NJ8(B:

<#pat> <#child> <#al> .

$B$O!"4JC1$+$DFI$_$d$9$/$9$k$?$a$K!"(B

<#pat> has <#child> <#al> .

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<#al> is <#child> of <#pat> .

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<#pat> <#child>  <#al>, <#chaz>, <#mo> ;
       <#age>    "24" ;
       <#eyecolor> "blue" .

$B$7$?$,$C$F!"Nc$($P0J2<$NI=$N$h$&$J%G!<%?$O!"(B

	age	eyecolor
pat	24	blue
al	3	green
jo	5	green

$B0J2<$N$h$&$K5-=R$9$k$3$H$,$G$-$^$9!#(B

  <#pat>   <#age> "24";  <#eyecolor> "blue" .
  <#al>    <#age>  "3";  <#eyecolor> "green" .
  <#jo>    <#age>  "5";  <#eyecolor> "green" .

$B$H$-$I$-!"%9%F!<%H%a%s%H$K4^$^$l$k$b$N$NCf$K!"(B $B<1JL;R$rM?$($:!"%W%m%Q%F%#$N$_$rM?$($?$$>l9g$,$"$j$^$9!#(B $B$3$N$h$&$J>l9g$K$O!"Bg$+$C$3(B"[]"$B$NCf$K!"%W%m%Q%F%#$N$_$r5-=R$7$^$9!#(B

<#pat> <#child> [ <#age> "4" ] , [ <#age> "3" ].

$B>e$NJ8>O$O!"!V(B#pat$B$O!"(B#age$B$,(B"4"$B$G$"$k(B#child$B$H!"(B#age$B$,(B"3"$B$G$"$k(B#child $B$r;}$C$F$$$k!#!W$H$$$&0UL#$rI=$7$^$9!#(B
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$BF0;l$K$D$$$F$b!"F1$8;v$,8@$($^$9!#(B "c"$B$H(B"h"$B$H(B"i"$B$H(B"l"$B$H(B"d"$B$H$$$&J8;z$@$1$G$O!"(B $B$=$NC18l$N0UL#(B("child")$B$rI=$7$^$;$s!#(B $B$3$l$K$D$$$F!"$I$N$h$&$K$9$l$P$$$$$N$+$O!"8e$[$I@bL@$7$^$9!#(B
$BBg$+$C$3(B"[]"$B$O!"$=$NCf$K5-=R$5$l$?%W%m%Q%F%#$r;}$D!V2?$+!W(B $B$,B8:_$9$k$3$H$r@k8@$7$^$9$,!"$=$N!V2?$+!W$r!"$=$N%I%-%e%a%s%H$NCf(B $B$*$h$SB>$N%I%-%e%a%s%H$+$i!";2>H$9$kJ}K!$O$"$j$^$;$s!#(B

($B>e5-$N(B1$BHVL\$NE@$K4X$7$F(B)$B!"$b$7A0!W$r;H$&$N$G$"$l$P!"(B $B>e$NI=$N%G!<%?$O!"0J2<$NMM$K=q$/$3$H$,$G$-$^$9!#(B

  [ <#name> "Pat"; <#age> "24";  <#eyecolor> "blue"  ].
  [ <#name> "Al" ; <#age>  "3";  <#eyecolor> "green" ].
  [ <#name> "Jo" ; <#age>  "5";  <#eyecolor> "green" ].

$BBg$+$C$3$K$O!"$$$m$$$m$JAH$_9g$o$;J}$,$"$j$^$9$N$G!"(B $B8e$[$I$$$/$D$+!"Nc$r<($7$^$9!#(B
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N3$B$N%I%-%e%a%s%H$N%?%$%H%k$O!"0J2<$N$h$&$K$7$FM?$($k$3$H$,$G$-$^$9!#(B

<> <#title>  "A simple example of N3".

(<>$B$N$h$&$J6u$N(BURI$B$O!">o$K$=$l$,=q$+$l$F$$$k%I%-%e%a%s%H<+?H$r;X(B $B$7$^$9!#(B) <#title>$B$O!"$=$N%I%-%e%a%s%H$GDj5A$5$l$?!"(B#title$B$N35G0$r<($7$^$9!#(B $B$3$l$@$1$G$O!"FIDublin Core $B$H8F$P$l$k%W%m%Q%F%#$N%j%9%H$r:n$C$?%0%k!<%W$O!"(B $B$=$NCf$KH`$i$N!V%?%$%H%k!W$H$$$&35G0$rCx$7$F!"(B $B$3$l$K(B<http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/title>$B$H$$$&<1JL;R$rM?$($^$7$?!#(B

$B$7$?$,$C$F!"$3$l$r;H$($P!"0J2<$N$h$&$K!"(B $B$h$j87L)$KDj5A$5$l$?%9%F!<%H%a%s%H$r=q$/$3$H$,$G$-$^$9!#(B

<> <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/title>
 "Primer - Getting into the Semantic Web and RDF using N3".

$B$b$A$m$s!"(B $BA0=P$N(B#age$B$d(B#eyecolor$B$J$I$NA4$F$KBP$7$F!"$3$N$h$&$JD9$$<1JL;R$r;H$&$N$O!"(B $B>/$7>iD9$G$9!#(B N3$B$G$O!"$3$ND9$$ItJ,$KBP$7$F!"C;$$%W%j%U%#%C%/%9$r@_Dj$9$k$3$H$,$G$-$k$h(B $B$&$K$J$C$F$$$^$9!#$3$l$O!"L>A06u4V<1JL;R(B(namespace identifier)$B$H8F$P$l$k(B $B$b$N$G!"(B"@prefix"$B$r;HMQ$7$F!"0J2<$N$h$&$K@_Dj$7$^$9!#(B

@prefix dc:  <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/> .
<> dc:title  "Primer - Getting into the semantic web and RDF using N3".

$B%W%j%U%#%C%/%9$r;H$&:]$K$O!"(B"dc"$B$H(B"title"$B$N4V$K!"(B $B%O%C%7%e(B"#"$B$NBe$o$j$K%3%m%s(B":"$B$r;H$&$3$H!"(B $BA4BN$r%"%s%0%k%V%i%1%C%H(B"<>"$B$G$O0O$^$J$$$3$H$KCm0U$7$F2<$5$$!#(B $B%W%j%U%#%C%/%9$O!"Hs>o$KJXMx$J$N$G!"(B $BKX$IA4$F$N(BN3$B5-=R$K$*$$$F;H$o$l$^$9!#(B $B%W%j%U%#%C%/%9$O!"0lEY@_Dj$7$?$i!"(B $BF10l%U%!%$%kFb$N0J9_$K$*$$$FM-8z$G$9!#(B ($B$3$N;EMM$O!">-MhJQ99$5$l$k$+$b$7$l$^$;$s(B)

RDF$B%\%-%c%V%i%j$O!"Hs>o$K$?$/$5$s$"$j$^$9!#(B $B$^$?!"$=$l$i$O8=:_$G$bA}$($D$E$1$F$$$^$9!#(B RDF$B$N%[!<%`%Z!<%8(B $B$H$=$N%j%s%/@h$r3NG'$7$F$_$F2<$5$$!#(B $B$^$?!"<+J,$N%"%W%j%1!<%7%g%s$r%7%s%W%k$K$9$k$?$a$K!"(B $BFH<+$N%\%-%c%V%i%j$r:n@.$9$k$3$H$b$G$-$^$9!#(B

$B$3$l$h$j@h$N@bL@$G$O!"%9%Z!<%9$N@aLs$N$?$a$K!"(B $B$h$/CN$i$l$?(Bnamespace$B$r!"$$$/$D$+;HMQ$7$^$9!#(B $B0J2<$N%W%j%U%#%C%/%9$r@_Dj$7$^$9!#(B

@prefix rdf:  <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix ont:  <http://www.daml.org/2001/03/daml-ont#> .

$B$3$l$i$O$=$l$>$l!"(BRDF$B!"(BRDF$B%9%-!<%^!"(BDAML$B%*%s%H%m%8L>A06u4V$G$9!#(B $B$3$l$i$G$O!"%;%^%s%F%#%C%/(BWeb$B$r;O$a$k$?$a$N!"4pK\MQ8l$,Ds6!$5$l$^$9!#(B $B99$K!"%W%j%U%#%C%/%9L5$7$N>l9g$K$O!"(B $B$3$N%I%-%e%a%s%H<+?H$r;X$9$3$H$H$9$k$?$a!"0J2<$N(BN3$B5-=R$r9T$$$^$9!#(B

@prefix : <#> .

$B$3$l$K$h$j!">e5-$NNc$O!"0J2<$N$h$&$K=q$1$^$9!#(B

:pat :child [ :age "4" ] , [ :age "3" ].

$B$3$l$G!">/$7J8;z?t$,:o8:$5$l$^$7$?!#(B $B$3$3$^$G$G!"(BN3$B$G$N%G!<%?$N=q$-J}$,M}2r$G$-$?$+$H;W$$$^$9!#(B $B<!$N>O$G$O!"FH<+$N%\%-%c%V%i%j$N:n@.$r9T$$$^$9!#(B $B%\%-%c%V%i%j$H$O!"C1$J$k%G!<%?$G$7$+$"$j$^$;$s!#(B

$B%\%-%c%V%i%j$N:n@.(B

$BA0=P$NNc$K$*$1$k!"(B"dc:title"$B$O!"(BRDF$B$N(B $B%W%m%Q%F%#(B$B$G$9!#(B $B?7$7$$%\%-%c%V%i%j$d%*%s%H%m%8$rDj5A$9$k>l9g$K$O!"(B $B?7$7$$%/%i%9$H!"$=$N%W%m%Q%F%#$rDj5A$7$^$9!#(B $B2?$+$,2?$N7?$G$"$k$+$H$$$&$3$H$r!"$=$l$,(B $B%/%i%9(B $B$KB0$7$F$$$k!"$H8@$$$^$9!#(B

$B2?$+$,2?$+$N7?$G$"$k$H$$$&$3$H$rI=$9%W%m%Q%F%#$O!"(B "rdf:type"$B$G$9!#(B $B$3$l$O!"(BN3$B$G$O!"C1$K(B"a"$B$HN,$7$FI=5-$5$l$^$9!#(B $B$7$?$,$C$F!"!V?M!W$H$$$&%/%i%9$O!"0J2<$N$h$&$KDj5A$G$-$^$9!#(B

:Person a rdfs:Class.

$B$3$l$K$h$j!"F1$8%I%-%e%a%s%HFb$G!"0J2<$N$h$&$K!"(B $BR2p$9$k$3$H$,$G$-$^$9!#(B

:Pat a :Person.

$B!V%/%i%9!W$O!"$=$l$,2?$KB0$9$k$+$rI=$7$^$9!#(B 1$B$D$N%*%V%8%'%/%H$O!"J#?t$N%/%i%9$KB0$9$k$3$H$,$G$-$^$9!#(B $B$=$l$i$N%/%i%9$O3,AX9=B$$r;}$DI,MW$O$"$j$^$;$s!#(B $B?M(B(Person)$B!"@8J*(B(AnimateObject)$B!"F0J*(B(Animal)$B!"(B $BGX$N9b$$?M(B(TallPerson)$B!"M'?M(B(Friend) $B$J$I$N%/%i%9$r9M$($F$_$F$/$@$5$$!#(B $B$J$*!"0J2<$N$h$&$K(B2$B$D$N%/%i%9$K4XO"$,$"$k$3$H$r5-=R$9$k$3$H$b$G$-$^$9!#(B $B$3$l$K$D$$$F$O!"(BRDF$B%9%-!<%^$N(B($B%/%i%9$N(B)$B%W%m%Q%F%#$H!"(B DAML$B%*%s%H%m%8(B$B$N%\%-%c%V%i%j$r(B $B3NG'$7$F$_$F2<$5$$!#(B

:Woman a rdfs:Class; rdfs:subClassOf :Person .

rdf:Property$B$O!"(B2$B$D$N$b$N$N4X78$r@k8@$9$k>l9g$K;H$o$l$^$9!#(B

:sister a rdf:Property.

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:sister rdfs:domain :Person; rdfs:range :Woman.

$B%/%i%9<1JL;R$OBgJ8;z$G;O$^$j!"%W%m%Q%F%#$O>.J8;z$G;O$^$j$^$9!#(B $B$3$l$O!"5,B'$G$O$"$j$^$;$s$,!"$3$l$i$rB3$1$FI=5-$9$k$N$K9%ET9g$G$9!#(B $B$J$*!"(Brdfs:range$B$*$h$S(Brdfs:domain$B<+?H$N%I%a%$%s$O!"(B rdf:Property$B$G$"$k$N$G!"(B:sister$B$O!"L@<(E*$K=q$+$l$J$/$F$b(B rdf:Property$B$KB0$7$^$9!#(B

$BF1CM@-(B(Equivalence)

1$B$D$b$7$/$OJ#?t$NMQ8l$r4^$`%\%-%c%V%i%j$NDj5A$r9T$&>l9g!"(B ($BDj5A$r;O$a$?;~$K!"5$$,$D$/$+$I$&$+$O$H$b$+$/(B)$B!"(B $B$N%\%-%c%V%i%j$K$"$kB>$NMQ8l$H!"(B $BA4$/F1CM$G$"$k>l9g$,$"$j$^$9!#(B $B$3$l$O!"?M$b$7$/$O%^%7%s$,>pJs$r07$&:]$K$*$$$F!"Hs>o$KM-MQ$J>pJs$G$9!#(B 2$B$D$NMQ8l$,F1CM$G$"$k$H$$$&%W%m%Q%F%#$O!"(B $B$H$F$b4pK\E*$+$DM-MQ$G$"$j!"(B N3$B$K$O!"(B"="$B$H$$$&!"FCJL$J>JN,5-K!$,$"$j$^$9!#(B

:Woman = foo:FemaleAdult .
:Title a rdf:Property; = dc:title .

$B%R%s%H(B: $B2DG=$J$+$.$j!"B>$N?M$N%\%-%c%V%i%j$r;H$C$F2<$5$$!#(B $B$=$&$9$k$3$H$K$h$C$F!">pJs$N8r49$,!"$h$j9T$$$d$9$/$J$j$^$9!#(B $B$^$?!"N`5A8l$r4^$s$@%\%-%c%V%i%j$rDj5A$9$k>l9g$K$O!"(B $B$=$l$i$,F1CM$G$"$k$3$H$r!"5-=R$9$k$h$&$K$7$F2<$5$$!#(B $B$=$&$9$k$3$H$K$h$C$F!"8=:_$*$h$S>-Mh$N%W%m%;%C%5$,!"(B $B$"$J$?$*$h$SB>$N?M$N%G!<%?$r!"(B $B$h$j!V0UL#$"$kJ}K!!W$G=hM}$9$k$3$H$,$G$-$k$h$&$K$J$j$^$9!#(B

$BL>A06u4V$NA*Br$H%9%-!<%^$N8x3+(B

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W3C$B$NL>A06u4V$K4X$9$k%]%j%7(B(W3C Namespace policy)
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$BM%$l$?(BURI$B$OJQ$o$i$J$$(B(Cool URIs don't change)

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<x.rdf> :says {  :pat a :Person . } .

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$B<0$r5-=R$9$k0lHVBg$-$JM}M3$O!"%k!<%k$r5-=R$9$k$?$a$G$9!#(B

$B%k!<%k(B

$B%k!<%k$r;H$&$3$H$K$h$C$F!"2>Dj$+$i7kO@$rF3$-=P$9$3$H$,$G$-$^$9!#(B $B%k!<%k$H$O!"%W%m%0%i%`$K$h$C$F=hM}$,2DG=$J7A<0$N%9%F!<%H%a%s%H$G$9!#(B $B:G$bC1=c$J%k!<%k$O!"(Blog:implies$B$H$$$&(B 1$B$D$N%W%m%Q%F%#$N$_$r;HMQ$9$k$3$H$G$9!#(B ($B%k!<%k$r=hM}$9$k$?$a$N%W%m%0%i%`%(%s%8%s$N(B1$B$D$H$7$F!"(B Euler$B$N:n@.$7$?(Bcwm$B$,$"$j$^$9!#(B) $B$3$l$+$i>R2p$9$k!"O@M}E*$G$`$7$mA06u4V$O!"(B $B0J2<$NDL$j$H$J$j$^$9!#(B

@prefix log: <http://www.w3.org/2000/10/swap/log#> .

$BC1=c$J%k!<%k$NNc$H$7$F!"0J2<$r9M$($F$_$^$9!#(B

{ sensor:thermostat  math:greaterThan "30" . } log:implies { control:furnace control:setTo "1" . } .

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sensor:thermostat  math:greaterThan "30" .

$B0J2<$N7kO@$,F3$-=P$5$l$^$9!#(B

control:furnace control:setTo "1".

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this log:forAll :x, :y.
{:x :parent :y} log:implies {:y :child :x}.

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:parent ont:inverse :child .

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this log:forAll :p, :q .

{  :p ont:inverse :q . } log:implies

  { this log:forAll :x, :y.
      { :x :p :y. } log:implies { :y :q :x. }
  } .

$B>e5-$N30B&$N%k!<%k$O!"(B $B!V$b$7(Bp$B$H(Bq$B$,H?BP$G$"$k$J$i$P!"FbB&$N%k!<%k$,??$G$"$k!#(B $B!W$H$$$&0UL#$G$9!#(B $BFbB&$N%k!<%k$O!"(B $B!V$b$7(Bx$B$,(By$B$N(Bp$B$G$"$k$J$i$P!"(By$B$O(Bx$B$N(Bq$B$G$"$k!#!W(B $B$H$$$&0UL#$G$9!#(B $BFbB&$N%k!<%k$O!"$I$s$J(Bx$B$H(By$B$KBP$7$F$bE,MQ$5$l$^$9!#(B $B$=$7$F>e5-A4BN$O!"$I$s$J(Bp$B$H(Bq$B$KBP$7$F$bE,MQ$5$l$^$9!#(B $B0lEY!">e5-$N%a%$%s%k!<%k$r5-=R$7$F$*$1$P!"(B "inverse"$B%W%m%Q%F%#$O!"(B $BKh2sFCJL$J%k!<%k$r5-=R$9$k$3$H$J$/!"(B $B;HMQ$9$k$3$H$,$G$-$^$9!#(B

$B$3$l$^$G$N@bL@$G$O!"$3$l$i$N%k!<%k$r!"(B $B%^%7%s$,$I$N$h$&$KH$7$F2<$5$$!#(B

$B;d$,6&F13+H/$7$?%W%m%0%i%`$N(B1$B$D$K(Bcwm ($BC;$$(B"oo"$B$rH<$&!"%&%'!<%k%:8l$NH/2;$G$9(B)$B$H8F$P$l$k$b$N$,$"$j$^$9!#(B $B0J2<$NNc$G$O!"$3$N(Bcwm$B$r;HMQ$7$^$9!#(B

$B%k!<%k$NNc(B: $B%U%#%k%?$r;HMQ$7$?>pJs8!:w(B

added by reagle 20020408

$B$3$3$^$G$N@bL@$G!"(BN3$B$K$h$C$F!"$I$&$d$C$F%9%F!<%H%a%s%H$r5-=R$9$k$+$,(B $BM}2r$G$-$?$+$H;W$$$^$9!#$G$O!"$3$l$i$r;H$C$F!"2?$,$G$-$k$N$G$7$g$&$+!)(B 1$B$D$NNc$H$7$F!"?dO@7k2L$r!"4{B8$N%G!<%?$KBP$7$F!"DI2C$9$k$3$H$,$G$-$^$9!#(B $B$^$?!"$b$&(B1$B$D$NNc$H$7$F$O!"(B $B%U%#%k%?(B $B$H8F$P$l$k8!:w%U%)!<%`$r;HMQ$7$F!"M-MQ$J>pJs$r

uncle.n3 $B$K$O!"(BFred$B$O(BJoe$B$NIc$G$"$j!"(BBob$B$O(BFred$B$N7;Do$G$"$k$3$H$,5-=R$5$l$F$$$^$9!#(B $B$3$N>pJs$KBP$7$F!"(B $B!V$*$8!W$N4X78$rI=$9O@M}E*$J%k!<%k$r5-=R$9$k$3$H$K$7$^$9!#(B

@prefix : <uncle#>.
:Fred is :father of :Joe.
:Bob is :brother of :Fred.

@prefix log: <http://www.w3.org/2000/10/swap/log#> .
this log:forAll :who1, :who2.
{ :who1 :father [ :brother :who2 ] } log:implies { :who1 :uncle :who2 }.

$B>e$N%k!<%k$O!"!VC/$+$NIc$K7;Do$,$$$k$J$i$P!"$=$N?M$OH`$i$N$*$8$G$"$k!W(B $B$H$$$&$3$H$r0UL#$7$^$9!#(B $B$3$N%k!<%k$r!"(Bcwm$B$K3JG<$9$l$P!"(B cwm $B$O!"%3%^%s%I%i%$%s%*%W%7%g%s(B"--think." $B$r;XDj$9$k$3$H$K$h$j!"(B $B$*$8$N>pJs$r?dO@$9$k$3$H$,$G$-$k$h$&$K$J$j$^$9!#(B

$BJL$N%U%!%$%k(B (uncleF.n3) $B$G!">e5-$N%k!<%k$r%U%#%k%?$H$7$F;H$C$F$_$^$9!#(B "--think"$B%*%W%7%g%s$r;HMQ$9$k$N$G$O$J$/!"(B $B%U%#%k%?$H$7$FF0:n$5$;$k$3$H$K$h$C$F!"(B $B%k!<%k$K9gCW$7$?>pJs$N$_$rA*Br$7!"(B $B;D$j$OA4$FGK4~$5$l$^$9!#(B $B%U%#%k%?$r;H$&$3$H$K$h$C$F!"(B $B0J2<$N4{CN$N>pJs$NCf$+$i!"M_$7$$O@M}E*$J4X78$rCj=P$9$k$3$H$,$G$-$^$9!#(B

@prefix : <uncle#>.
@prefix log: <http://www.w3.org/2000/10/swap/log#> .

this log:forAll :p.

# What is the relationship between Joe and Bob

{ :Joe :p :Bob } log:implies { :p a :RelationshipBetweeJoeAndBob }.

# Is Bob an Uncle of Joe?

{ :Joe :uncle :Bob } log:implies { :Joe :uncle :Bob }.

$B>e5-$r;HMQ$7$F!"(Bcwm$B$KBP$7$F!"O@M}E*$J4X78$r9M$($5$;$k$H!"(B $B0J2<$N7kO@$H$J$j$^$9!#(B

> python cwm.py uncle.n3 --think --filter=uncleF.n3
    :Joe     :uncle :Bob .
    :uncle     a :RelationshipBetweeJoeAndBob .

$B>e5-%3%^%s%I%i%$%s$O!"!V(B uncle.n3$B$rFI$_9~$s$G!"$=$l$+$iF@$k$3$H$,=PMh$k%k!<%k$r?dO@$7$J$5$$!#(B $B$=$7$F!"(BuncleF.n3$B%U%#%k%?$K$h$C$FA*Br$5$l$k>pJs$r=PNO$7$J$5$$!#(B $B!W$H$$$&0UL#$K$J$j$^$9!#(B

$B99$K(B...

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Have fun!

$BMQ8l=8(B

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$B%/%i%9(B(Class): $B$b$N(B(Things)$B$N%;%C%H!#(B 1$B%Q%i%a!<%?=R8l!#C19`4X78!#(B
$B%I%a%$%s(B(domain): $B%W%m%Q%F%#(B(Property)$B$K$*$$$F!"(B $B%W%m%Q%F%#(B(Property)$B$N
$B<0(B(Formula): $B%9%F!<%H%a%s%H(B(statements) $B$N(B($B=g=x$N$J$$(B)$B%;%C%H!#(B N3$B$G$O!"Cf$+$C$3(B({})$B$r;HMQ$7$F=q$/$3$H$,$G$-$k!#(B
$B%3%s%F%-%9%H(B(context): $B<0$H!"$=$l$K4^$^$l$k%9%F!<%H%a%s%H$H$N4X78!#(B
cwm: (valley$B%^%7%s$K8BDj$5$l$k!#(B) grep$B$,@55,I=8=$KBP$9$k$b$N$G$"$k$h$&$K!"(BN3$B$r
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Tim BL, with his director hat off
$Id: Primer.ja.html,v 1.11 2005/11/18 09:20:11 chibao Exp $