$B=i5i(JC$B8@8l(JQ&A(7)

$B=i=P(J: C MAGAZINE 1995$BG/(J12$B7n9f(J
Updated: 1996-03-12

[$B"+(J1$B$DA0(J] [$B"*(J1$B$D8e(J] [$B",(J$B [$B",(J$B5-;v0lMw(J] [$B%[!<%`%Z!<%8(J]

$BITDj$HL$Dj5A(J

$B!!#C8@8l$G=q$$$?%W%m%0%i%`$N%P%0$NCf$K$O!"8@8l;EMM>e$NF0:n$,=hM}7O$K0MB8(J $B$9$k$h$&$J%3!<%I$,860x$N$b$N$,$"$j$^$9!#%3%s%Q%$%i$r%P!<%8%g%s%"%C%W$7$?(J $B$N$G%3%s%Q%$%k$7D>$7$F$_$?$iF0$+$J$/$J$C$?!"$H$$$&$N$O$h$/$"$kOC$G$9!#%3(J $B%s%Q%$%i<+BN$N%P%0$@$C$?$H$$$&Ha7`E*$J%1!<%9$b$J$$$o$1$G$O$"$j$^$;$s$,!"(J $B%3%s%Q%$%i$N%P!<%8%g%s$K0MB8$9$k$h$&$J%3!<%I$r=q$$$F$$$?$?$a!"$H$$$&$3$H(J $B$b0F30B?$$$h$&$G$9!#4pK\E*$K$O!"7k2L$,IT3N

$BITDj!"L$Dj5A$NDj5A(J

$B#Q!!!ZITDj![(J
$B!!ITDj$H$O2?$+!#(J
$B#A(J
$B!!(JC$B8@8l$N;EMM$H$7$F$O@5$7$$=q$-J}$G$"$k$,!"$=$N7k2L$,7h$^$C$F$$$J$$$h$&$J(J $B$U$k$^$$$N$3$H$r$$$$$^$9!#(J
a = foo() + bar();
$B$3$l$r%3%s%Q%$%k$9$l$P!"$I$A$i$+$,@h$K8F$P$l$F!"$=$N8e$b$&0l$D$,8F$P$l$k!"(J $B$H$$$&%3!<%I$,@8@.$5$l$k$3$H$OJ]>Z$5$l$^$9!#$7$+$7!"(J foo $B$H(J bar $B$N$I$A$i$,@h$K8F$P$l$k$+$OJ,$+$j$^$;$s!#(J

JIS C$B$G$OITDj$r!VL$5,Dj$NF0:n!W$H$$$&I=8=$r;H$C$F$$$^$9$,!"B/$K$O!VITDj!W(J $B$H$$$&I=8=$NJ}$,$h$/;H$o$l$k$h$&$G$9!#!VL$5,Dj$NF0:n!W$NDj5A$O!V@5$7$$%W(J $B%m%0%i%`[email protected]$S@5$7$$%G!<%?$KBP$9$kF0:n$G$"$j!"$3$N5,3J$,L@<(E*$K2?(J $B$iMW5a$r2]$5$J$$F0:n!#!W$H$J$C$F$$$^$9!#(J

$B#Q!!!ZITDj$NNc![(J

$B!!ITDj$G$"$k>l9g$H$7$F$O!"$I$N$h$&$J$b$N$,$"$k$+!#(J

$B#A(J

$B!!E57?E*$J$b$N$H$7$F$O!"<!$N$h$&$J$b$N$,$"$j$^$9!#(J

$B<0$,I>2A$5$l$k=g=x!#(J
$BI{:nMQ$,@8$8$k=g=x(J
$B4X?t8F$S=P$7$N
errno $B!"(J setjmp $BEy$N
$B#Q!!!ZL$Dj5A![(J
$B!!L$Dj5A$H$O2?$+!#ITDj$H2?$,0c$&$N$+!#(J
$B#A(J
$B!!L$Dj5A$H$O!"$=$N7k2L$I$&$J$k$+$,!"8@8l;EMM$H$7$F7h$a$i$l$F$$$J$$$3$H$r(J $B0UL#$7$^$9!#$=$7$F!"$=$N7k2L$,$I$&$J$C$F$b!"$=$N#C8@8l$N=hM}7O$O$O5,3J$K(J $B9gCW$7$F$$$k$H$_$J$5$l$^$9!#%3%s%Q%$%i$OL$Dj5A$N%3!<%I$r=hM}$9$k;~$KFH<+(J $B$N2r $B!!%$%s%?!<%M%C%H$N%K%e!<%9%0%k!<%W!"(Jcomp.std.c$B$d(Jcomp.lang.c$B$G$O!"L$Dj5A$N(J $B%3!<%I$r $B!!1Q8l$G$O!"L$Dj5A$N$3$H$r(Jundefined$B!"ITDj$N$3$H$r(Junspecified$B$HI=8=$7$^$9!#(J
$B!!ITDj$HL$Dj5A$N:G$bBg$-$J0c$$$O!"ITDj$N%3!<%I$O%W%m%0%i%`$H$7$F$O@5$7$$(J $B$,!"L$Dj5A$N%3!<%I$O4V0c$$$G$"$j!"F0:n$9$kJ]>Z$9$i$J$$$H$$$&=j$K$"$j$^$9!#(J $B=>$C$F!"L$Dj5A$N%3!<%I$O@dBP$K=q$/$Y$-$G$O$"$j$^$;$s!#ITDj$N>l9g$O!"7k2L(J $B$,$I$N$h$&$K$J$k$+$O=hM}7O$K0MB8$7$^$9$,!"%W%m%0%i%`<+BN$O@5$7$$$H$_$J$5(J $B$l$k$3$H$,J]>Z$5$l$F$$$^$9!#=>$C$F!"(J a = foo() + bar(); $B$N$h$&$J%3!<%I$O!"$I$A$i$,@h$K8F$P$l$F$b9=$o$J$$>u67$GMQ$$$k8B$j!"0B?4$7(J $B$F;H$&$3$H$,$G$-$^$9!#(J
JIS$B$G$OL$Dj5A$NF0:n$K$D$$$F!"<!$N$h$&$K5-=R$7$F$$$^$9!#!V2DHB@-$,$J$$u67$rL5;k$7$FM=B,IT2DG=$J7k(J $B2L$rJV$7$F$b$h$$!#!W(J
($B;29M(J JIS X3010)

$B#Q!!!ZL$Dj5A$NNc![(J
$B!!L$Dj5A$G$"$k>l9g$H$7$F$O!"$I$N$h$&$J$b$N$,$"$k$+!#(J
$B#A(J
$B!!
l9g$K$O!"L$Dj5A(J $B$G$"$k$3$H$,B?$$$H9M$($F$h$$$G$7$g$&!#(J
- $BJ8;zNs%j%F%i%k$NCM$rJQ99$7$F$$$k>l9g!#(J
- $B;;=Q7?JQ49$,M?$($i$l$?5-210h$GI=8=$G$-$J$$CM$r@8$8$k>l9g!#(J
- void $B<0$NCM$r;H$C$F$$$k>l9g!#(J
- $BFs$D$NI{:nMQ40N;E@$N4V$K!"%*%V%8%'%/%H$NCM$r#22s0J>eJQ99$7$F$$$k>l9g!"(J $BKt$OJQ99$7$?8e$G?7$7$$CM$rF@$k$3$H0J30$NL\E*$G$=$N%*%V%8%'%/%H$r%"%/(J $B%;%9$7$F$$$k>l9g!#(J
- 0$B$K$h$k3d$j;;!"%*!<%P!<%U%m!<!#(J
- $B4X?t%W%m%H%?%$%W$N$J$$4X?t8F$S=P$7$K$*$$$F!"0z?t$N8D(J $B?t$H0lCW$7$J$$>l9g!#(J
- $BITEv$JG[Ns;2>H!"(J NULL $B$K$h$k;2>H!"4{$K=*N;$7$?%V%m%C%/Fb$N<+F05-210h4|(J $B4V$N%*%V%8%'%/%H$KBP$9$k;2>H!#(J
- $B=i4|2=$5$l$F$$$J$$(J auto $BJQ?t$NFI$_$@$7!#(J
- $BCM$rJV$7$F$$$J$$4X?t$NCM$r8F$S=P$785$,;HMQ$9$k>l9g!#(J
- memmove $B0J30$N%i%$%V%i%j4X?t$r;H$C$F=E$J$j9g$&%*%V%8%'%/%H4V$NJ#l9g!#(J
- free $B$^$?$O(J realloc $B$G3+J|$5$l$?5-210h$r;2>H$9$k%]%$%s%?CM$r;HMQ$9$k>l9g!#(J
$B#Q!!!Z(Ja[i] = i++;$B![(J
$B!!G[Ns$K(J0$B$+$i;O$^$k@0?t$NCM$rF~$l$?$$!#<!$N%3!<%I$O$J$<$&$^$/F0$+$J$$$+!#(J
```
    int a[10];
    int i = 0;

    while (i < 10)
        a[i] = i++;
```
$B#A(J
i++ $B$H$$$&<0$r
i $B$NCM$,JQ2=$7$^$9!#$3$N$h$&$J?6$kIq$$$N$3$H$rI{:nMQ$H8F$S$^$9!#$"$kJQ?t$K(J $BBP$7$FI{:nMQ$,@8$8$k$h$&$J<0$K$*$$$F$O!"B>$N2U=j$G$=$NJQ?t$r;2>H$9$k$3$H(J $B$O$G$-$^$;$s!#$=$N7k2L$OL$Dj5A$H$5$l$F$$$^$9!#(J
$B!!$3$N<0$N>l9g!"(J i $B$O(J i++ $B$NB>$K!"G[Ns(J a $B$NMWAG$r;XDj$9$k$?$a$K;2>H$5$l$F$$$k$?$a!"$=$N7k2L$OL$Dj5A$H$J$k$N$G$9!#(J
$B!!(JK&R$B$N5-=R$rFI$`$H!">e$N7k2L$OITDj$G$"$k$H2r ($B;29M(J comp.lang.c FAQ 3.1)

$B#Q!!!Z(Ji++ * i++$B![(J
$B!!<!$N%3!<%I$r2A$N=g$OITDj$@$,!"$I$A(J $B$i$+$iI>2A$7$F$b(J56$B$K$J$k$O$:$G$O!#(J
int i = 7; printf("%d\n", i++ * i++);

$B#A(J
$B!!3]$1;;$N1i;;;R!V(J*$B!W$NI>2A=g=x$,ITDj$G$"$k$H$$$&$3$H$O4V0c$C$F$$$^$;$s!#(J $B$7$+$7!"$3$N>l9g=EMW$J$N$O!"0l$D$N<0$NCf$G!"I{:nMQ$,H/@8$9$kA`:n$rFs2s9T(J $B$&$H$$$&$3$H$G$9!#$=$N7k2L$OL$Dj5A$J$N$G!"$3$N(J printf $B$,$I$N$h$&$JCM$rI=<($7$F$b(JC$B8@8l$N;EMM$H$7$F$OLdBj$"$j$^$;$s!#6KC<$J>l9g!"(J $B$3$3$G%W%m%0%i%`$,0[>o=*N;$7$F$7$^$C$F$bLdBj$"$j$^$;$s!#(J
$B!!(Ji++ * i++ $B$O!"0l8+$9$k$H!"(J

$B$^$:$I$A$i$+$N(J ++ $B$,i++ $B$H$$$&<0$NCM$H$7$F$O(J7$B$H$J$j!"(J i $B$NCM$,(J8$B$K$J$k!#(J
$B<!$K;D$j$N(J ++ $B$,i++ $B$H$$$&<0$NCM$O(J8$B$H$J$j!"(J i $B$NCM$,(J9$B$K$J$k!#(J
$B!!$N$h$&$K;W$($k$+$b$7$l$^$;$s$,!"i $B$NCM$,i++ * i++ $B$H$$$&<0$,=*N;$9$k$^$G$N$$$D$+$G$"$k!"$H$$$&HO0O$G$7$+J]>Z$5$l$F$$$J$$$+(J $B$i$G$9!#(J
($B;29M!!(Jcomp.lang.c FAQ 3.2)

$B#Q!!!ZM=4|$7$?DL$j$N7k2L![(J
$B!!<!$N%3!<%I$r int a[10]; int i = 0; while (i < 10) a[i] = i++;
$B#A(J
$B!!L$Dj5A$H$$$&$N$O!"$"$/$^$G$I$s$J7k2L$K$J$k$+;EMM$H$7$F$ODj$a$F$$$J$$$H(J $B$$$&$3$H$J$N$G!"=hM}7O$K$h$C$F$O4|BTDL$j$KF0:n$7$F$7$^$&$3$H$b$"$k$G$7$g(J $B$&!#$7$+$7!"$=$l$OK\Ev$K=hM}7O$N%m!<%+%k$J;EMM$K$h$C$F$=$&$J$C$?$N$+!"$"(J $B$k$$$OC1$J$k6vA3$J$N$+!"$O$C$-$j$7$J$$$O$:$G$9!#:#8e$N%P!<%8%g%s%"%C%W$G(J $BF0:n$,J]>Z$5$l$k$+$I$&$+$bJ,$+$j$^$;$s!#(J
$B!!$=$l$K!"$?$$$F$$$NL$Dj5A!"$"$k$$$OITDj$J%3!<%I$O!"$[$s$N6O$+$JJQ99$G!"(J $BDj5A$5$l$?%3!<%I$K=$@5$9$k$3$H$,$G$-$^$9!#$3$NNc$N>l9g$O<!$N$h$&$K=q$/$H(J $BL@Gr$G$9!#(J
int a[10]; int i; for (i = 0; i < 10; i++) a[i] = i;

$B#Q!!!Z(Ji = i++$B![(J
$B!!<!$N%3!<%I$ri $B$NCM$,(J7$B$K$J$C$F$7$^$C$?!#$I$&$7$F$3$s$JJQ$JCM$K$J$C$F$7$^$&$N$+!#(J
int i = 3; i = i++;

$B#A(J
i = i++; $B$N7k2L$OL$Dj5A$G$9!#$I$s$JCM$K$J$C$F$b(JC$B8@8l$H$7$F$O@5$7$$7k2L$G$9!#(J
$B$J$*!"(J i = i++; $B<+BN$,$[$H$s$IL50UL#$G$"$k$3$H$K$bCmL\$7$F$/$@$5$$!#$3$l$OB>8@8l$K47$l$?(J $B=i?4i = i + 1; $B$H=q$/$D$b$j$@$C$?$N$G$9$,!"$?$^$?$^!"(JC$B8@8l$K$O%$%s%/%j%a%s%H$N1i;;;R$,$"(J $B$k$H$$$&$3$H$rH/8+$7$?$?$a!"(J i + 1 $B$H$$$&I=8=$NItJ,$r$&$C$+$j(J i++ $B$KCV$-49$($F$7$^$C$?$N$+$b$7$l$^$;$s!#(J
$B!!$3$3$O!"?<$/9M$($:$K!"(J i = i + 1; $B$H=q$$$F$*$/$+!"$"$k$$$O(J i++; $B$H$@$1=q$1$P$h$$$N$G$9!#(J
($B;29M!!(Jcomp.lang.c FAQ 3.3)

$B#Q!!!ZCM$N8r49![(J
a ^= b ^= a ^= b $B$H$$$&%3!<%I$r;H$($P!"(J a $B$H(J b $B$NCM$r8r49$9$k$3$H$,$G$-$k$3$H$rF0:n3NG'$7$?!#$7$+$7!"$3$N=q$-J}$O$h$/$J(J $B$$$H8@$o$l$?!#$J$<$+!#(J
$B#A(J
$B!!$3$l$O%H%j%C%-!<$J%3!<%I$H$7$FHs>o$KM-L>$G$9!#(J a^a $B$,(J0$B$K$J$k$3$H$rMxMQ$7$F$$$k=j$,%]%$%s%H$G$9!#$7$+$7!"8+$F$9$0J,$+$k$h$&(J $B$K!"0l$D$N<0$NCf$KI{:nMQ$,J#?t2s$"$j!"=>$C$F!"$3$N7k2L$OL$Dj5A$H$J$j$^$9!#(J
$B!!<!$N$h$&$K%+%s%^$G6h@Z$C$F=q$/$H!"I{:nMQ$N1F6A$O>CLG$7$^$9!#$J$<$J$i!"(J $B%+%s%^1i;;;R$O!":8$+$i1&$KI>2A$9$k$H;EMM$G7h$a$i$l$F$$$k$+$i$G$9!#(J
a ^= b, b ^= a, a ^= b
$B!!$7$+$7!"$3$l$G$b$J$*!"$3$N%3!<%I$OF10l$N%*%V%8%'%/%H$KBP$7$FF0:n$7$J$$(J (a$B$H(Ja$B$r8r49$9$k$H$I$s$JCM$K$J$k$+(J?)$B$H$$$&7gE@$,$"$k$?$a!" ($B;29M!!(Jcomp.lang.c FAQ 10.3)

$BI>2A=g=x(J

$B#Q!!!ZI>2A=g=x![(J
$B!!I>2A$N=g=x$,ITDj$G$"$k!"$H$$$&$N$O$I$&$$$&$3$H$+!#(J
$B#A(J
a = foo() + bar(); $B$N$h$&$J%3!<%I$KBP$7$F!"(J foo $B$H(J bar $B$N$I$A$i$,@h$K8F$P$l$k$+7h$^$C$F$$$J$$!"$H$$$&$3$H$G$9!#(J

$B#Q!!!ZM%@h=g=x![(J
$B!!I>2A$HM%@h=g=x$H$O2?$,0c$&$N$+!#(J
$B#A(J
$B!!M%@h=g=x$H$$$&$N$O!"0[$J$k1i;;;R$,<0$NCf$GAH$_9g$o$;$i$l$?>l9g$K!"$I$N(J $B7k9g$rM%@hE*$K9T$&$+$r7h$a$?5,B'$G$9!#;;?t$G!"3]$1;;$OB-$7;;$h$j$b@h$K7W(J $B;;$9$k!"$H$$$&5,B'$,$"$k$N$HF1$8$G$9!#(J
$B!!$7$+$7!"M%@h=g=x$K4X$i$:!"$=$l$>$l$N9`$NI>2A=g=x$OITDj$N$^$^$G$9!#Nc$((J $B$P!"<!$N<0$O!"$I$N$h$&$J=g=x$G4X?t$,8F$P$l$k$+J,$+$j$^$;$s!#$3$l$G8@$($k(J $B$N$O!"(J f2() $B$r8F$S=P$7$FF@$i$l$?CM$H(J f3() $B$r8F$S=P$7$FF@$i$l$?CM$r$^$:3]$1;;(J $B$7!"$=$N7k2L$H(J f1() $B$r8F$S=P$7$FF@$i$l$?CM$r2C;;$9$k!"$H$$$&$3$H$@$1$G$9!#:G8e$KB-$7;;$,9T$o(J $B$l$k$K$b$+$+$o$i$:!"(J f1() $B$,??$C@h$K8F$S=P$5$l$F!"3]$1;;$,=*$o$k$^$G$=$NCM$,J]B8$5$l$F$$$k$+$b$7$l(J $B$^$;$s!#(J
i = f1() + f2() * f3();

$B#Q!!!ZI>2A=g=x$rJQ99$9$k![(J
$B!!3g8L$r;H$C$FI>2A=g=x$rJQ99$9$k$3$H$O$G$-$k$+!#(J
$B#A(J
$B!!$G$-$^$;$s!#3g8L$r;H$($P1i;;;R$NM%@h=g=x$h$j$b6/$$NO$G<0$r$^$H$a$k$3$H(J $B$,$G$-$^$9$,!"I>2A$N=g=x$^$GJQ99$9$k$o$1$G$O$"$j$^$;$s!#(J
$B!!I>2A=g=x$r3NDj$5$;$k$?$a$K$O!"J#?t$NJ8$KJ,$1$k$N$,4JC1$G$9!#(J
($B;29M!!(Jcomp.lang.c FAQ 3.4)

$B#Q!!!Z4A;z%3!<%I$N=hM}(J(1)$B![(J
$B!!<!$N%3!<%I$,;W$C$?DL$j$KF0$$$F$/$l$J$$!#!V#C!W$N4A;z%3!<%I$,F~$k$3$H$r(J $B4|BT$7$F$$$k$N$@$,!"e2<%P%$%H$,F~$lBe$o$C$?$b$N$K$J$C$F$7$^$&!#(J
kcode = (getchar() << 8) + getchar();

$B#A(J
$B!!!V(J + $B!W$H$$$&1i;;;R$NN>JU$NI>2A=g=x$OITDj$G$9!#$D$^$j!"!\$NN>B&$K=q$+$l$?(J getchar() $B$N$I$A$i$,@h$K2A$9$k=hM}7O$b$"$l$P(J $B!":8$+$i=g$KI>2A$9$k=hM}7O$b$"$k$G$7$g$&!#$3$N?M$N;H$C$?=hM}7O$O!"$?$^$?(J $B$^1&$N(J getchar() $B$,@h$K8F$S=P$5$l$k$b$N$@$C$?$h$&$G$9!#(J
$B!!(JC$B8@8l$N;EMM$G$O!"B?$/$N1i;;;R$NI>2A=g=x$OITDj$G$9!#:8$+$i=g$K
$B#Q!!!Z4A;z%3!<%I$N=hM}(J(2)$B![(J
$B!!7k6I!"<!$N$h$&$K=q$$$?$i$&$^$/$$$C$?!#$7$+$7!"$3$N$h$&$K=q$$$?$i@hGZ$K(J $BE\$i$l$?!#$J$<$+!#(J
kcode = getchar() + (getchar() << 8);

$B#A(J
$B!!I>2A=g=x$,ITDj$G$"$k$K$b$+$+$o$i$:!"I>2A$N=g=x$K7k2L$,0MB8$9$k$h$&$J%3!<(J $B%I$r=q$/$Y$-$G$O$"$j$^$;$s!#$=$l$O:#$N$H$3$m$?$^$?$^;W$C$?DL$j$KF0:n$9$k(J $B$+$b$7$l$^$;$s$,!"B>$N5! $B!!$3$NNc$G$O!"I>2A=g=x$K0MB8$7$J$$%3!<%I$K=$@5$9$k$3$H$O!" kcode = getchar() << 8; kcode += getchar();

$B#Q!!!Z(J&&$B$d(J||$B$HI{:nMQ40N;E@![(J
$B!!(J&& $B$d(J || $B$r;H$C$?%3!<%I$NCf$K$O!"I>2A=g=x$,:8$+$i1&$H$$$&A0Ds$G=q$+$l$F$$$k$b$N$,(J $B$"$k$,!"I>2A=g=x$OITDj$G$O$J$$$N$+!#(J
$B#A(J
$B!!Nc30$H$7$F!"I>2A=g=x$,7h$^$C$F$$$k1i;;;R$,$"$j$^$9!#(J && $B!"(J || $B!"%+%s%^1i;;;R$N!V(J , $B!W!";09`1i;;;R$N!V(J :? $B!W$G$9!#$3$l$i$O!":8$rI>2A$7!"$=$N8e$K1&$,I>2A$5$l$k$3$H$K$J$j$^$9!#(J
$B!!$"$k;~E@$K$*$$$F$=$3$^$G$NI{:nMQ$,A4$F40N;$9$k$3$H$,J]>Z$5$l$F$$$k6h@Z(J $B$j$N$3$H$r!"I{:nMQ40N;E@(J(sequence point)$B$H8F$S$^$9!#A0=R$N1i;;;R$O!":8$N(J $B<0$rI>2A$7$?D>8e$,I{:nMQ40N;E@$H$J$C$F$$$^$9!#$D$^$j!":8$,=hM}$7=*$o$C$F(J $B$+$i1&$,=hM}$5$l$k$3$H$,J]>Z$5$l$F$$$k$o$1$G$9!#(J
$B!!$J$*!"4X?t$N0z?t$r6h@Z$k$N$K;H$&%+%s%^$O!"%+%s%^1i;;;R$G$O$J$$$?$a!"I>(J $B2A=g=x$OITDj$G$9!#(J

$B#Q!!!Z(J&&$B$H(J&$B$N0c$$![(J
$B!!(J(1)$B$N$h$&$J%3!<%I$r8+$?!#0UL#$H$7$F$O!"(J(2)$B$N$h$&$J$3$H$,$7$?$$$H$7$+;W(J $B$($J$$$N$@$,!"$J$<(J(1)$B$N$h$&$K=q$$$?$N$@$m$&$+!#(J
i = foo() & bar(); /* (1) */ i = foo() && bar(); /* (2) */

$B#A(J
$B!!C1$J$k4V0c$$$+$b$7$l$^$;$s!#$7$+$7!"0U?^$7$?2DG=@-$b$"$j$^$9!#(J
&& $B$H$$$&1i;;;R$O!":8$+$i1&$XI>2A$7!"A4$F$,??$@$C$?;~$K$O<0A4BN$NCM$r??$H$7(J $B$^$9!#I>2A$7$?7k2L$,56$@$C$?>l9g!"$=$3$GI>2A$,BG$A@Z$i$l!"<0A4BN$NCM$r56(J $B$H$7$^$9!#(J
&& $B$d(J || $B$H$$$&1i;;;R$O!"B>$NB?$/$N1i;;;R$H$O0[$J$j!":8$+$i1&$NJ}8~$K=gHV$KI>2A$5(J $B$l$k$3$H$,;EMM$G7h$^$C$F$$$k$N$G$9!#=>$C$F!"(J foo() && bar() $B$H$$$&%3!<%I$O!"(J foo() $B$,(J0$B$rLa$7$F$-$?>l9g!"$=$3$GBG$A@Z$i$l!"(J bar() $B$O8F$S=P$5$l$k$3$H$O$"$j$^$;$s!#(J foo() $B$,(J0$B$K$J$k$3$H$,J,$+$C$?;~E@$G<0A4BN$NCM$,(J0$B$K$J$k$3$H$,J,$+$j$^$9$+$i!";D(J $B$j$rI>2A$7$J$$$H$$$&;EMM$OL5BL$N$J$$$3$H$H$$$($k$G$7$g$&!#(J
$B!!$7$+$7!">l9g$K$h$C$F$O!"7k2L$K$+$+$o$i$:!"$H$j$"$($:$I$A$i$N4X?t$b8F$S(J $B=P$7$F$*$-$?$$$H$$$&$3$H$,$"$j$^$9!#$3$N>l9g!"L@$i$+$KA4$/LdBj$N$J$$J}K!(J $B$O!"(J
i = foo(); i = bar() && i;
$B!!$N$h$&$KJL!9$K8F$S=P$9$3$H$G$9!#(J
$B!!%W%m%0%i%^!<$K$h$C$F$O!"6E$C$?J}K!$r;H$&?M$b$$$^$9!#$3$3$G$O!"(J foo() $B$b(J bar() $B$b(J0$B$^$?$O(J1$B$H$$$&CM$rLa$9$3$H$,J,$+$C$F$$$F!"$+$D!"$I$A$i$,@h$K8F$P$l$F$b(J $B7k2L$H$7$F$O1F6A$,$J$/!"$5$i$K!"$I$N$h$&$J>l9g$G$b$H$j$"$($:N>J}$N4X?t$r(J $B8F$S=P$7$?$$!"$H$$$&>r7o$N2<$G$N$_!"(J foo() & bar() $B$H$$$&=q$-J}$,0UL#$r;}$C$F$-$^$9!#(J

$B#Q!!!Z(J&&$B!"(J||$B![(J
$B!!<!$NFs$D$N%3!<%I$O!"$I$3$,0c$&$N$+!#(J
i = (c >= 0x81 && c <= 0x9f) || (c >= 0xe0 && c <= 0xfc) /* (1) */ i = c >= 0x81 && (c <= 0x9f || (c >= 0xe0 && c <= 0xfc)) /* (2) */

$B#A(J
$B%7%U%H(JJIS$B$N4A;zH=CG$N%3!<%I$H$7$F!"$h$/8+3]$1$k$b$N$G$9!#(J && $B$d(J || $B$,!":8$+$i1&$XI>2A$9$k$3$H$KCmL\$7$F$/$@$5$$!#I>2A$N=g=x$,J,$+$k$h$&$K!"(J if $B$G=q$$$F$_$k$H!"<!$N$h$&$K$J$j$^$9!#(J
(1) if (c >= 0x81) { if (c <= 0x9f) i = 1; else i = 0; } else { if (c >= 0xe0) { if (c <= 0xfc) i = 1; else i = 0; } else { i = 0; } } (2) if (c >= 0x81) { if (c < 0x9f) { i = 1; } else { if (c >= 0xe0) { if (c <= 0xfc) i = 1; else i = 0; } else { i = 0; } } } else { i = 0; }
$B!!FbMF$KKX$I0c$$$,$J$$$3$H$,J,$+$j$^$9!#0l$D$@$1L@Gr$J0c$$$O!"(J c <= 0x80 $B$N>l9g$NI>2A$N2s?t$G$9!#$3$NHO0O$K$"$k>l9g!"(J(1)$B$NJ}K!$@$H!"$^$:!"(J c >= 0x81 $B$NI>2A$G56$K$J$j$^$9$+$i!"(J || $B$N8e$NI>2A$K0\$j$^$9!#$=$7$F!"(J c >= 0xe0 $B$NI>2A$b56$K$J$j!"7k2L$H$7$F$O56$K$J$k$G$7$g$&!#$7$+$7!"9M$($F$_$l$P!"(J c >= 0x81 $B$N7k2L$,56$J$i$P!"(J0x81$B$h$j$b>.$5$$?t$G$"$k$3$H$,$=$N;~E@$GJ,$+$C$F$$$k$N(J $B$G$9$+$i!"$o$6$o$6:FEY3NG'$9$k$^$G$b$J$/!"(J c >= 0xe0 $B$bI,$:56$K$J$3$H$,L@$i$+$G$9!#(J(2)$B$G$O!"(J c >= 0x81 $B$,56$K$J$C$?$i$=$N;~E@$GA4BN$NCM$r56$K$9$k$N$G!"0lEY$NI>2A$G:Q$^$;$F$$$k(J $B$3$H$K$J$j$^$9!#(J
$B!!(J(1)$B$H(J(2)$B$N$I$A$i$,NI$$$+$H$$$&$N$O!"5DO@$NM>CO$,$"$k$H;W$o$l$^$9!#(J
(C) 1995-1996 Phinloda, All rights reserved
$BL5CG$G$3$N%Z!<%8$X$N%j%s%/$rE=$k$3$H$r>5Bz$7$^$9!#Ld$$9g$o$;$OITMW$G$9!#(J
$BFbMF$OM=9p$J$/JQ99$9$k$3$H$,$"$j$^$9!#(J

$B=i5i(JC$B8@8l(JQ&A(7)

$BITDj$HL$Dj5A(J

$BITDj!"L$Dj5A$NDj5A(J

$B#A(J

$B#A(J

$B#A(J

$B#A(J

$B#A(J

$B#A(J

$B#A(J

$B#A(J

$B#A(J

$BI>2A=g=x(J

$B#A(J

$B#A(J

$B#A(J

$B#A(J

$B#A(J

$B#A(J

$B#A(J

$B#A(J