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Pharo: Objects at your Fingertips

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Pharo
Pharo

A talk given at Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya on Oct 30, 2013. Video online at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xhPlUaXpCU4

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Pharo: Object at your Fingertips Marcus Denker http://www.pharo-project.org
What is it? Language + Environment Simple Language (Smalltalk) Object-Oriented, Dynamic, Reflective Explore + Change running systems ! The Ultimate Programming Environment!
Pharo MIT license Mac, Linux, Android, iOS, Windows Great community Improving steadily Many excellent libraries
Started 2008 Pharo 1.0 released October 2009 2.0 is the current stable Pharo3: Early 2014 Plan: 1 Release per year
Language (in 10 minutes)
Pharo started with Smalltalk-80 (Squeak) Language still very much Smalltalk But the goal is to develop it further Example: Reflective Capabilities
No constructors No types declaration No interfaces No packages/private/protected No parametrized types Yet really powerful Less is better
Objects are instances of Classes
Objects are instances of Classes ! (10@200)
Objects are instances of Classes ! (10@200) class
Objects are instances of Classes ! (10@200) class Point
Classes are objects too
Classes are objects too ! Point selectors !
Classes are objects too ! Point selectors ! > an IdentitySet(#eightNeighbors #+ #isZero #sortsBefore: #degrees #printOn: #sideOf: #fourNeighbors #hash #roundUpTo: #min: #min:max: #max #adaptToCollection:andSend: #quadrantOf: #crossProduct: #= #nearestPointOnLineFrom:to: #bitShiftPoint: #* #guarded #insideTriangle:with:with: #grid: #truncateTo: #y #setR:degrees: #normal #directionToLineFrom:to: #truncated #nearestPointAlongLineFrom:to: #theta #scaleTo: #encodePostscriptOn: #> #asPoint #extent: #r #roundTo: #max: #interpolateTo:at: #triangleArea:with: #angleWith: #dotProduct: #isSelfEvaluating #'<=' #to:intersects:to: #'//' #isInsideCircle:with:with: #< #scaleFrom:to: #corner: #to:sideOf: #x #'>=' #roundDownTo: #onLineFrom:to:within: #transposed #ceiling #angle #basicType #translateBy: #asFloatPoint #'' #adaptToNumber:andSend: #abs #negated #octantOf: #asIntegerPoint #flipBy:centerAt: #scaleBy: #floor #onLineFrom:to: #isPoint #reflectedAbout: #/ #dist: #asNonFractionalPoint #bearingToPoint: #reciprocal #rotateBy:centerAt: #rotateBy:about: #rounded #setX:setY: #squaredDistanceTo: #normalized #veryDeepCopyWith: #- #storeOn: #rect: #deepCopy #isIntegerPoint #min #adhereTo: #adaptToString:andSend:)
Methods are public
Instance variables are protected
Single Inheritance
Single Inheritance Object subclass: #Point! ! instanceVariableNames: 'x y'! ! classVariableNames: ''! ! poolDictionaries: ''! ! category: 'Kernel-BasicObjects' 2 instance variables subclass of Object
3 kinds of messages Unary messages Binary messages Keywords messages 5 factorial! Transcript cr 3 + 4 3 raisedTo: 10 modulo: 5! ! Transcript show: 'hello world'
• Anonymous method • Passed as method argument or stored • Functions fct(x)= x*x+3, fct(2). ! fct :=[:x| x * x + 3]. fct value: 2 ! Blocks
Control structures Every control structure is realized by message sends 4 timesRepeat: [Beeper beep] max: aNumber! ! ^ self < aNumber ! ! ! ifTrue: [aNumber] ! ! ! ifFalse: [self]
<= aPoint ! ! "Answer whether the receiver is neither! ! below nor to the right of aPoint."! ! ! ^ x <= aPoint x and: [y <= aPoint y] A typical method in Point Method name Argument Comment Return Binary message Keyword messageInstance variable Block (2@3) <= (5@6) true
Complete Syntax on a PostCard exampleWithNumber: x “A method that has unary, binary, and key word messages, declares arguments and temporaries (but not block temporaries), accesses a global variable (but not and instance variable), uses literals (array, character, symbol, string, integer, float), uses the pseudo variable true false, nil, self, and super, and has sequence, assignment, return and cascade. It has both zero argument and one argument blocks.” |y| true & false not & (nil isNil) ifFalse: [self halt]. y := self size + super size. #($a #a ‘a’ 1 1.0) do: [:each | Transcript show: (each class name); show: (each printString); show: ‘ ‘]. ^ x < y
Environment
Language + Environment are closely linked
Reflection is the basis
Classes, Methods, Packages are Objects
The tools manipulate these Objects
Class Browser
Inspector
Demo: Changing a class at runtime
Demo: Exploring the system
Demo: Inspect World
There is so much more…
Pharo Books
Pharo Success Stories
Continuous API Testing keep your services under control 24/7 Norbert Hartl norbert@2denker.de www.2denker.de
eMCee is a montoring service for backend interfaces - Web application to define backend interfaces - Monitors reliability of interface periodically - Sends warning if status of interface changes - Provides overview graphs about reliability - Snapshots requests for debugging purposes mail@2denker.de
Pharo: Objects at your Fingertips
• Entry Level Track & Trace Product • Complements T3 Full Product • One Page Javascript HTML5 / Ajax Client • REST Back End in Pharo Smalltalk • Gateways to multiple data providers
Pharo Consortium Managed by INRIA Who: companies, institutions, user groups Privileged access to the core development team Influence priorities of the next development http://consortium.pharo.org
Pharo: Objects at your Fingertips
Future + Research
Instance Variables as Objects —> Slots ! Proxy model in the base language ! Structuring reflective API (—> Mirrors) More Reflection
AST Everywhere Used in Tools for Navigation ! Do we need to store text? ! Use for Behavioral Reflection Beyond Text
Put “virtualization” in the language We already use “Images” Make the Image a first class concept in the language System - as - Objects
Open Pharo SprintsMay 2008 Bern July 2009 Bern October 2009 Lille November 2009 Buenos Ares March 2010 Bern May 2010 Buenos Ares June 2010 Bern June 2010 Bruxelles July 2010 London September 2010 Barcelona September 2010 Lille January 2011 Lille July 2011 Lille October 2011 Bruxelles February 2012 Bern April 2012 Lille September 2012 Ghent October 2013 Lille November 2013 Buenos Aires
Pharo: Objects at your Fingertips

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Pharo: Objects at your Fingertips

  • 1. Pharo: Object at your Fingertips Marcus Denker http://www.pharo-project.org
  • 2. What is it? Language + Environment Simple Language (Smalltalk) Object-Oriented, Dynamic, Reflective Explore + Change running systems ! The Ultimate Programming Environment!
  • 3. Pharo MIT license Mac, Linux, Android, iOS, Windows Great community Improving steadily Many excellent libraries
  • 4. Started 2008 Pharo 1.0 released October 2009 2.0 is the current stable Pharo3: Early 2014 Plan: 1 Release per year
  • 6. Pharo started with Smalltalk-80 (Squeak) Language still very much Smalltalk But the goal is to develop it further Example: Reflective Capabilities
  • 7. No constructors No types declaration No interfaces No packages/private/protected No parametrized types Yet really powerful Less is better
  • 9. Objects are instances of Classes ! (10@200)
  • 10. Objects are instances of Classes ! (10@200) class
  • 11. Objects are instances of Classes ! (10@200) class Point
  • 13. Classes are objects too ! Point selectors !
  • 14. Classes are objects too ! Point selectors ! > an IdentitySet(#eightNeighbors #+ #isZero #sortsBefore: #degrees #printOn: #sideOf: #fourNeighbors #hash #roundUpTo: #min: #min:max: #max #adaptToCollection:andSend: #quadrantOf: #crossProduct: #= #nearestPointOnLineFrom:to: #bitShiftPoint: #* #guarded #insideTriangle:with:with: #grid: #truncateTo: #y #setR:degrees: #normal #directionToLineFrom:to: #truncated #nearestPointAlongLineFrom:to: #theta #scaleTo: #encodePostscriptOn: #> #asPoint #extent: #r #roundTo: #max: #interpolateTo:at: #triangleArea:with: #angleWith: #dotProduct: #isSelfEvaluating #'<=' #to:intersects:to: #'//' #isInsideCircle:with:with: #< #scaleFrom:to: #corner: #to:sideOf: #x #'>=' #roundDownTo: #onLineFrom:to:within: #transposed #ceiling #angle #basicType #translateBy: #asFloatPoint #'' #adaptToNumber:andSend: #abs #negated #octantOf: #asIntegerPoint #flipBy:centerAt: #scaleBy: #floor #onLineFrom:to: #isPoint #reflectedAbout: #/ #dist: #asNonFractionalPoint #bearingToPoint: #reciprocal #rotateBy:centerAt: #rotateBy:about: #rounded #setX:setY: #squaredDistanceTo: #normalized #veryDeepCopyWith: #- #storeOn: #rect: #deepCopy #isIntegerPoint #min #adhereTo: #adaptToString:andSend:)
  • 18. Single Inheritance Object subclass: #Point! ! instanceVariableNames: 'x y'! ! classVariableNames: ''! ! poolDictionaries: ''! ! category: 'Kernel-BasicObjects' 2 instance variables subclass of Object
  • 19. 3 kinds of messages Unary messages Binary messages Keywords messages 5 factorial! Transcript cr 3 + 4 3 raisedTo: 10 modulo: 5! ! Transcript show: 'hello world'
  • 20. • Anonymous method • Passed as method argument or stored • Functions fct(x)= x*x+3, fct(2). ! fct :=[:x| x * x + 3]. fct value: 2 ! Blocks
  • 21. Control structures Every control structure is realized by message sends 4 timesRepeat: [Beeper beep] max: aNumber! ! ^ self < aNumber ! ! ! ifTrue: [aNumber] ! ! ! ifFalse: [self]
  • 22. <= aPoint ! ! "Answer whether the receiver is neither! ! below nor to the right of aPoint."! ! ! ^ x <= aPoint x and: [y <= aPoint y] A typical method in Point Method name Argument Comment Return Binary message Keyword messageInstance variable Block (2@3) <= (5@6) true
  • 23. Complete Syntax on a PostCard exampleWithNumber: x “A method that has unary, binary, and key word messages, declares arguments and temporaries (but not block temporaries), accesses a global variable (but not and instance variable), uses literals (array, character, symbol, string, integer, float), uses the pseudo variable true false, nil, self, and super, and has sequence, assignment, return and cascade. It has both zero argument and one argument blocks.” |y| true & false not & (nil isNil) ifFalse: [self halt]. y := self size + super size. #($a #a ‘a’ 1 1.0) do: [:each | Transcript show: (each class name); show: (each printString); show: ‘ ‘]. ^ x < y
  • 25. Language + Environment are closely linked
  • 28. The tools manipulate these Objects
  • 31. Demo: Changing a class at runtime
  • 34. There is so much more…
  • 37. Continuous API Testing keep your services under control 24/7 Norbert Hartl [email protected] www.2denker.de
  • 38. eMCee is a montoring service for backend interfaces - Web application to define backend interfaces - Monitors reliability of interface periodically - Sends warning if status of interface changes - Provides overview graphs about reliability - Snapshots requests for debugging purposes [email protected]
  • 40. • Entry Level Track & Trace Product • Complements T3 Full Product • One Page Javascript HTML5 / Ajax Client • REST Back End in Pharo Smalltalk • Gateways to multiple data providers
  • 41. Pharo Consortium Managed by INRIA Who: companies, institutions, user groups Privileged access to the core development team Influence priorities of the next development http://consortium.pharo.org
  • 44. Instance Variables as Objects —> Slots ! Proxy model in the base language ! Structuring reflective API (—> Mirrors) More Reflection
  • 45. AST Everywhere Used in Tools for Navigation ! Do we need to store text? ! Use for Behavioral Reflection Beyond Text
  • 46. Put “virtualization” in the language We already use “Images” Make the Image a first class concept in the language System - as - Objects
  • 47. Open Pharo SprintsMay 2008 Bern July 2009 Bern October 2009 Lille November 2009 Buenos Ares March 2010 Bern May 2010 Buenos Ares June 2010 Bern June 2010 Bruxelles July 2010 London September 2010 Barcelona September 2010 Lille January 2011 Lille July 2011 Lille October 2011 Bruxelles February 2012 Bern April 2012 Lille September 2012 Ghent October 2013 Lille November 2013 Buenos Aires