The document summarizes the Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance algorithm. It describes how the algorithm uses a 3-phase commit protocol with pre-prepare, prepare, and commit phases to achieve consensus across replicas in an asynchronous distributed system prone to Byzantine faults. The algorithm guarantees safety through total order broadcast and guarantees liveness through view changes when the primary replica fails.
Blockchain and Virtual Currency- Technical issues -Kindai University
This document discusses blockchain technology and virtual currencies. It begins by covering some technical issues with blockchain like scalability, throughput, and transaction fees. It then discusses how Bitcoin solved the double spending problem for digital currencies using a distributed ledger system. The document also covers how blockchain achieves consensus without a central authority through methods like proof of work. It concludes by discussing the future of blockchain, including the need for layering solutions and expanding the types of assets that can be represented on blockchains.
1. The document discusses regulation of large technology companies like Google, Facebook, Amazon, and Apple, referred to as GAFA.
2. It notes the power of these companies in collecting and exploiting large amounts of personal data from their users.
3. The European Union is seeking to impose greater regulation and restrictions on how these companies can use personal data.