鐃緒申鐃駿￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃曙ク鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃塾種申鐃緒申法鐃緒申評鐃緒申

1.鐃熟わ申鐃緒申鐃�

鐃竣ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申潺鵐宛鐃緒申鐃夙はワ申鐃緒申鐃銃ム化鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃出常申物鐃緒申鐃緒申櫺鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃峻ュー鐃緒申鐃叔緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申能鐃淑ワ申鐃緒申鐃宿を記述わ申鐃暑た鐃緒申鐃緒申僂鐃緒申鐃粛刻申鐃緒申鐃緒申任鐃緒申襦ｏ申廛鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃淳ング醐申鐃緒申魯鐃緒申鐃峻ュー鐃緒申鐃塾居申鐃緒申鐃緒申醗鐃緒申舒鐃緒申鐃出縁申鐃緒申鐃獣わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申屮蕕�申鐃熟まり、鐃緒申鐃緒申僖鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃術わ申鐃銃居申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申襪鰹申箸鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申僖鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃曙、鐃緒申鐃藷タプリタ鐃夙呼ばわ申鐃竣ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申爐�申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申匹鐃緒申瓩件申孫圓鐃緒申襯刻申鐃緒申鐃竣ト醐申鐃緒申函鐃緒申鐃緒申劼任鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃駿わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申悗反焚鐃緒申鐃緒申討鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃�

鐃竣ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申潺鵐宛鐃緒申鐃熟わ申鐃緒申存鐃緒申鐃緒申由鐃緒申鐃初、鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃駿の高い鐃緒申鐃述わ申鐃峻わ申鐃暑こ鐃夙￥申鐃緒申鐃出やい鐃緒申発鐃緒申圓鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃暑。鐃緒申鐃緒申戮旅發わ申鐃緒申劼箸蓮鐃緒申廛鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃準が鐃宿わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申圓鐃緒申鐃�(HOW)鐃叔はなわ申鐃緒申鐃塾緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申圓鐃緒申鐃�(WHAT)鐃薯記述わ申鐃巡す鐃緒申鐃緒申文鐃緒申鐃緒申能鐃緒申鐃緒申辰討鐃緒申襪鰹申箸髻△鐃緒申个笋わ申鐃夙�申箸狼鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申旅發居申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申匹鐃縮�申戮旅發居申鐃緒申丱鐃緒申鐃夙�申鐃緒申鐃緒申砲鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃淑醐申鐃緒申鐃叔緒申鐃緒申鐃獣てわ申鐃暑こ鐃夙をさわ申鐃緒申

鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申戮旅發わ申鐃緒申辧鐃緒申鐃緒申个笋わ申鐃夙�申鐃峻わ申妨鐃緒申鐃祝なわ申里鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申琉鐃塾器申鐃緒申鐃叔わ申鐃暑。鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃塾逸申鐃銃暗�申鐃緒申櫃鐃峻わ申鐃緒申鐃淑ど￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申團紂種申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃楯駕申鐃緒申鐃緒申討鐃緒申覆鐃緒申鐃淑�申鐃縦常申椒廛鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃殉わ申鐃緒申遒刻申鐃宿�申廚鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申襦ｏ申鐃緒申鐃緒申琉鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃塾逸申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃祝削申鐃祝わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申蝓種申鐃緒申覆匹離丱鐃緒申半鐃緒申鐃駿わ申鐃緒せ鐃叔わ申鐃暑。鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申呂旅鐃淑醐申擇覆鼻鐃淑ｏ申鐃緒申併鐃緒申箸鐃緒申圓鐃緒申討鐃緒申鐃叔￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申造鐃叔はとわ申鐃祝居申鐃緒申鐃塾逸申粒鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙なる。

鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申茲刻申襪随申鐃塾居申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃駿￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃曙ク鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃叔わ申鐃暑。鐃緒申鐃駿￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃曙ク鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃熟居申鐃緒申鐃塾逸申鐃銃暗�申鐃緒申檗鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃楯駕申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃竣ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申泙鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃重�申亡鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃峻わ申必鐃竣を減らす鐃緒申鐃旬醐申鐃緒申任蓮鐃緒申鐃緒申戞鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申譽�申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃�LISP鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃竣ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申潺鵐宛鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃熟に種申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃暑こ鐃夙にわ申蝓�申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃祝￥申覆匹慮鐃銃わ申鐃峻っわ申鐃緒申

2.鐃緒申鐃駿￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃曙ク鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃�

鐃緒申鐃駿￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃曙ク鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申GC鐃緒申略鐃緒申鐃祝はプワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申潺鵐宛鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃熟（以駕申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申蓮砲琉鐃緒申鐃緒申發件申鐃緒申魯薀わ申屮鐃緒申箸鐃緒申鐃緒申鷆，鐃緒申鐃暑、動的鐃祝鰹申鐃楯わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃塾逸申里鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申僂鐃緒申鐃銃わ申鐃淑わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃塾逸申鐃銃暗�申鵬鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃術まわ申鐃熟鰹申鐃緒申鐃緒申圓鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申任鐃緒申襦�

GC鐃緒申導鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃暑こ鐃夙にわ申鐃竣ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申泙麓鐃銃逸申任竜鐃緒申鐃緒申琉鐃塾器申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃初開鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申襦�

2.1.鐃緒申鐃駿￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃曙ク鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申必鐃緒申鐃緒申

GC鐃熟駈申年鐃塾醐申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申呂任鐃宿�申椶竜鐃叔緒申箸鐃緒申鐃緒申鷆，鐃緒申鐃銃わ申鐃暑が鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃竣逸申鐃夙わ申鐃銃は￥申

鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申呂鐃緒申鷆，鐃緒申覽’緒申旅鐃緒申找鐃�
鐃緒申鐃緒申的鐃淑器申鐃緒申鐃緒申圓鐃緒申伴存鐃緒申鐃緒申砲鐃緒申鐃緒申廛鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃淳ングワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申亮鐃塾�申鐃�
鐃緒申鐃緒申團紂種申鐃緒申旅鐃渋�申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申眠鐃緒申砲鐃所、鐃渋行醐申率鐃緒申螻��申鐃塾�申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃処う鐃祝なっわ申

鐃淑どわ申鐃粛わ申鐃緒申鐃暑。

2.1.1.鐃緒申 : 鐃純外

鐃純外鐃夙はプワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃渋刻申鐃緒申砲鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申垤鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申襪随申鐃緒申分鐃緒申鐃叔わ申鐃暑。鐃緒申鐃峻刻申鐃緒申仆茲居申鐃緒申箸僚鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申个茲わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申侫鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃淑どの資源鰹申鐃楯の種申鐃峻など種申鐃緒申屬鐃緒申里弔鐃緒申覆鐃緒申鐃緒申垤鐃緒申鐃出わ申鐃銃は緒申鐃緒申鐃塾件申続鐃薯あわ申鐃緒申鐃淑わ申鐃緒申个覆鐃淑わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃塾常申隋�申鐃緒申鐃殉での緒申鐃緒申鐃叔鰹申鐃楯わ申鐃緒申鐃書源の鰹申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申箸覆襦�

鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃叔わ申GC鐃緒申存鐃淳わ申鐃純外鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃術わ申鐃緒申鐃竣ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申潺鵐阿砲匹里茲�申扮洞鐃緒申鐃粛随申鐃緒申襪�申鐃述べる。鐃竣ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申箸鐃緒申鐃�C++鐃緒申Java鐃薯あわ申鐃緒申鐃純外鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃術わ申鐃緒申鐃竣ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙わ申鐃銃ワ申鐃藷ストラク鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃純外鐃緒申発鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃暑ク鐃初ス鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申襦�

2.1.1.1.C++

Figure 1.鐃緒申Figure 2.鐃熟フワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃暑ク鐃初ス鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃術わ申鐃緒申鐃竣ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃叔わ申鐃暑。

C++鐃緒申標鐃緒申薀わ申屮鐃緒申禄鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申任鐃緒申祿逸申鐃夙�申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申襪鰹申箸鐃縮居申鐃緒申鐃緒申瓠�申名鐃緒申鐃純外鐃緒申発鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃淑わ申Figure 1.鐃塾よう鐃淑プワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申潺鵐哀鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申襪�申鐃塾�申任鐃緒申襪�申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申任鐃�Figure 2.鐃塾よう鐃祝意随申的鐃緒申鐃純外鐃緒申発鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申弔鐃緒申討鐃緒申襦�Figure 2.鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃銃わ申鐃純外鐃緒申鐃緒申捉鐃緒申鐃銃ワ申鐃藷ストラク鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃純外鐃緒申漏鐃緒申覆鐃緒申茲�申鐃緒申劼鐃緒申討鐃緒申襦�

C++鐃叔はワ申鐃藷ストラク鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃純外鐃緒申発鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃銃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃叔わ申鐃銃わ申鐃殉っわ申鐃緒申鐃祝デワ申鐃夙ラク鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃銃び出わ申鐃緒申覆鐃緒申箸鐃緒申鐃粛㌣常申淵丱鐃緒申鐃渋醐申澆鐃緒申襦ｏ申泙鐃緒申鐃緒申妊鐃緒申肇薀�申鐃緒申鐃緒申祿逸申鐃夙�申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃順、鐃純外鐃緒申鐃初ス鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申祿逸申鐃夙�申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申童鐃緒申鐃緒申颪靴鐃緒申丱鐃緒申砲覆襦ｏ申祿逸申鐃緒申薀刻申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃純外鐃緒申発鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申表的鐃緒申鐃緒申箸鐃緒申討蓮鐃�bad_alloc鐃純外鐃緒申発鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃叔￥申鐃純外鐃緒申鐃瞬ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申襪随申鐃緒申new鐃緒申箸鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃�bad_alloc鐃緒申発鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申覆匹鐃緒申鐃緒申襦ｏ申鐃緒申鐃緒申離丱鐃緒申鐃夙�申鐃緒申鐃緒申襪鰹申箸鐃緒申颪靴鐃緒申鐃�

鐃緒申鐃塾わ申鐃潤、鐃緒申鐃藷ストラク鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃叔ワ申鐃夙ラク鐃緒申鐃塾緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃純外鐃祝わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申任鐃緒申襪鰹申箸狼鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃淑わ申鐃緒申鐃縦まり、C++鐃叔わ申鐃純外鐃緒申鐃緒申(鐃純外鐃緒申発鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃銃わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申任鐃緒申鐃淑わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申)鐃淑ワ申鐃藷ストラク鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃初ス鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申襪鰹申箸鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申淵廛鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申必鐃竣常申鐃叔わ申鐃暑。鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃塾わ申鐃夙わ申鐃初、C++鐃緒申鐃純外鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃曙た鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申祿逸申鐃緒申鐃緒申僂鐃緒申襪随申鐃塾資源器申鐃緒申鐃緒申廛鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃殉に駈申鐃緒申鐃緒申茲�申砲覆辰討鐃緒申泙辰鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃�

鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃熟資源器申鐃緒申鐃緒申廛鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃殉わ申鐃峻わ申必鐃竣わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃暑。GC鐃緒申存鐃淳わ申鐃緒申个鐃緒申里茲�申忙餮擦硫鐃緒申鐃緒申砲弔鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申佞鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃暑コ鐃緒申鐃夙わ申鐃准醐申鐃緒申鐃緒申襦�

#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <string>

class file_io {
private:
    std::ifstream *ifs_;
    std::ofstream *ofs_;
    bool is_fail_;
public:
    file_io() : is_fail_(false), ifs_(NULL), ofs_(NULL) {}
    file_io(std::string input_file, std::string output_file)
        : is_fail_(false) , ifs_(NULL), ofs_(NULL)
    {
        ifs_ = new std::ifstream();
        ofs_ = new std::ofstream();
        if (ifs_ == NULL || ofs_ == NULL) {
            is_fail_ = true;
            return ;
        }
        ifs_->open(input_file.c_str());
        ofs_->open(output_file.c_str());
        if (ifs_->fail() || ofs_->fail()) {
            is_fail_ = true;
        }
    }
    ~file_io() { delete ifs_; delete ofs_; }
    bool fail() { return is_fail_; }
    /* and more definitions ... */
};
int main(int argc, char **argv) {
    if (argc < 3) { return -1; }
    file_io fio = file_io(argv[1], argv[2]);
    std::cout << fio.fail() << std::endl;
}

Figure 1. WithoutExceptionWithoutGC.cpp

#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <string>
#include <new> // new 鐃初算鐃述わ申鐃純外発鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申弔鐃緒申鐃�

class file_io {
private:
    std::ifstream *ifs_;
    std::ofstream *ofs_;
    bool is_fail_;
public:
    file_io() : is_fail_(false), ifs_(NULL), ofs_(NULL) {}
    file_io(std::string input_file, std::string output_file)
        : is_fail_(false) , ifs_(NULL), ofs_(NULL)
    {
        try {
            ifs_ = new std::ifstream();
            ofs_ = new std::ofstream();
        } catch (std::bad_alloc) {
            is_fail_ = true;
            return ;
        }
        // 鐃純外鐃緒申鐃緒申弔鐃緒申鐃�
        ifs_->exceptions(std::ios_base::failbit);
        ofs_->exceptions(std::ios_base::failbit);
        try {
            ifs_->open(input_file.c_str());
            ofs_->open(output_file.c_str());
        } catch (std::ios_base::failure) {
            is_fail_ = true;
        }
    }
    ~file_io() { delete ifs_; delete ofs_; }
    bool fail() { return is_fail_; }
    /* and more definitions ... */
};
int main(int argc, char **argv) {
    if (argc < 3) { return -1; }
    file_io fio = file_io(argv[1], argv[2]);
    std::cout << fio.fail() << std::endl;
}

Figure 2. WithExceptionWithoutGC.cpp

2.1.1.2.Java

Figure 3.鐃緒申Java鐃叔わ申鐃緒申任鐃緒申襦ｏ申鐃緒申離廛鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申任鐃�FileIO鐃緒申鐃初ス鐃塾ワ申鐃瞬ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申箸鐃緒申縫鐃緒申鵐好肇薀�申鐃緒申鐃緒申討个鐃暑。鐃緒申鐃藷ストラク鐃緒申鐃熟フワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申名鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申房鐃所、FileInputStream鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申襦ｏ申侫鐃緒申鐃緒申襪�醐申澆鐃緒申覆鐃緒申鐃緒申砲鐃�java.io.FileNotFoundException鐃緒申発鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃暑。Java鐃叔はワ申鐃藷ストラク鐃緒申鐃緒申任鐃緒申祿逸申慮討喀个鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃銃わ申妊鐃緒申肇薀�申鐃緒申垪澆砲茲�申鐃緒申鐃所ー鐃緒申鐃緒申GC鐃緒申存鐃淳わ申鐃暑た鐃緒申発鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃淑わ申鐃緒申

import java.io.*;

class FileIO {
    FileInputStream fis;
    FileOutputStream fos;
    FileIO(String input, String output)
        throws Exception
    {
        fis = new FileInputStream(input);
        fos = new FileOutputStream(output)
    }  
}
class ExceptionWithGC {
    static public void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            FileIO fio = new FileIO(args[0], args[1]);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.out.println("Exception occurred");
            System.out.println(e);
        }
    }
}

Figure 3. ExceptionWithGC.java

2.1.2.鐃緒申 : 鐃竣ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申潺鵐哀鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃�

文鐃緒申鐃緒申粒鐃縦ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鵑欧襦�Java鐃叔わ申文鐃緒申鐃緒申粒鐃縦ワ申鐃�C鐃叔の鰹申張鐃緒申鐃緒申鮗┐鐃緒申鐃�

2.1.2.1.C

Figure 4.鐃緒申標鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃熟わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申文鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申匹濆鐃緒申鐃竣ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃叔わ申鐃暑。

鐃緒申鐃塾プワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃熟逸申文鐃緒申鐃宿み刻申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃出ッフワ申鐃緒申鐃縦ワ申鐃緒申董鐃緒申鐃淑醐申鐃緒申媛辰鐃緒申討鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申圓發件申鐃緒申鐃�EOF鐃緒申達鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃初、鐃出ッフワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申strdup鐃緒申文鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃淑ｏ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃淑ｏ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃淑醐申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃瞬わ申鐃銃わ申鐃暑。

C鐃塾プワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃叔わ申文鐃緒申鐃緒申悗鐃淑醐申鐃緒申鐃緒申媛辰筏鐃緒申鐃緒申琉鐃塾器申鐃緒申鐃緒申分離鐃叔わ申鐃緒申鐃祝￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申琉鐃縮ｏ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃銃わ申鐃殉ってわ申鐃暑。

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
/* read line */
char *freadline(FILE* in)
{
  char *buffer, *tmp;
  int c;

  buffer = malloc(1);
  if (buffer == NULL) goto END;
  buffer[0] = 鐃緒申\0鐃緒申;

  while ((c = fgetchar(in)) != EOF) {
    tmp = realloc(buffer, strlen(buffer) + 2);
    if (tmp == NULL) break;
    buffer = tmp;
    tmp = tmp + strlen(buffer);
    *tmp++  = c;
    *tmp = 鐃緒申\0鐃緒申;
    if (c == 鐃緒申\n鐃緒申) break;
  }
END:
  return buffer;
}

int main(void)
{
  char * line = readline(stdin);
  printf(鐃緒申%s鐃緒申, line);
  free(line);
}

Figure 4. readline.c

2.1.2.2.Java

Figure 5.鐃緒申Figure 4.鐃緒申Java鐃叔緒申直鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃竣ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃叔わ申鐃暑。

鐃緒申文鐃緒申鐃宿み刻申鐃準ご鐃夙に駕申鐃術わ申文鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃淑醐申鐃緒申鐃緒申媛辰鐃緒申討鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申分鐃宿み刻申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申長文鐃緒申鐃藷かわ申文鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申儡鐃緒申鐃峻って￥申文鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申屬鐃緒申討鐃緒申襦ｏ申鐃緒申離廛鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申離鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃熟ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃峻ってわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申分鐃熟縁申鐃獣わ申鐃曙、鐃緒申鐃祝わか鐃緒申笋刻申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申匹箸覆辰討鐃緒申襦�

class ReadLine {
  static public String readline(InputStream is) {
    StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
    int ch = 0;
    while((ch = is.read()) != -1 || ch == '\n') {
      sb.appned((char)ch);
    }
    return sb.toString();
  }
  static public void main(String [] args) {
    Stirng line = ReadLine.readline(System.in);
    System.out.println(line);
  }
}

Figure 5. ReadLine.java

鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申任魯廛鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申竜鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃瞬わ申鐃銃わ申鐃暑。鐃渋際のプワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申牾��申任魯廛鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申歇蕁�申鐃縦ワ申奮鐃緒申任鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃縦わ申鐃緒申鐃叔わ申鐃順い鐃祝影駈申鐃緒申鐃銃わ申鐃暑。鐃楯種申鐃峻わ申鐃祝わ申鐃楯守す鐃緒申廛鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃宿�申廚箸覆襦�Figure 5.鐃塾よう鐃祝居申鐃緒申鐃塾逸申隆鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申辰鐃緒申鐃銃わ申鐃緒申函鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃塾プワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃塾逸申味鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃薯しやす鐃緒申鐃淑る。

鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申弔鐃緒申鐃塾とわ申鐃所、GC鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃術わ申鐃暑こ鐃夙にわ申鐃竣ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申潺鵐阿亮鐃瞬わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃祝省わ申鐃曙、GC鐃塾なわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申呂任蝋圓鐃緒申砲鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃重�申僚鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申椶鐃緒申鐃緒申廛鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃淳ングわ申鐃緒申鐃術でわ申鐃緒申茲�申砲覆襦�

鐃殉わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃�GC鐃祝逸申任鐃緒申鐃暑こ鐃夙にわ申蝓∧醐申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申覆匹鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申笋刻申鐃緒申廛鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃殉のミワ申鐃祝わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申琉鐃舜のワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申琉鐃塾鰹申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃塾逸申鐃緒申鐃重鰹申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申蝓種申鐃緒申鐃准醐申鐃叔わ申鐃暑こ鐃夙わ申任鐃緒申襦ｏ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃祝わ申蝓�申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃術ワ申鐃緒申鐃宿わ申必鐃竣なわ申鐃淑るこ鐃夙にわ申襯緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申匹隆雰蕕居申慮鐃緒申紂�申鐃緒申鐃緒申連鐃塾デバッワ申鐃塾ワ申鐃緒申鐃夙の軽醐申鐃淑ど鰹申発鐃緒申率鐃塾醐申鐃遵が鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃暑。

2.2.鐃緒申鐃駿￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃曙ク鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申速鐃緒申

鐃緒申鐃緒申的鐃緒申malloc/free鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃術わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申動鐃叔のワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申GC鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申速鐃駿わ申鐃駿わ申鐃夙考わ申鐃緒申譴�申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃熟間違い鐃叔わ申鐃暑。鐃緒申鐃所開鐃緒申鐃塾ワ申鐃緒申鐃夙わ申鐃術駕申鐃緒申鐃緒申里任呂覆鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃銃逸申妊鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申圓鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申箸鐃淑�申鐃緒申鐃緒申襪�申鐃�GC鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃術わ申鐃銃緒申鐃醇し鐃銃行わ申鐃緒申鐃塾削申鐃叔わ申鐃暑。鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃獣て￥申速鐃駿のよし鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申分鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申砲鐃緒申鐃緒申奪箸鐃緒申鐃俊わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申飽鐃渋醐申鐃緒申襦�

鐃緒申鐃緒申箸鐃緒申未法鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃塾常申鏖種申任鐃�GC鐃緒申malloc/free鐃夙でわ申速鐃駿の削申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃祝醐申鐃緒申鐃緒申磴�申鐃緒申襦�

GC鐃緒申速鐃駿わ申鐃叔わ申鐃緒申箸鐃緒申討鐃�malloc/free鐃塾種申鐃緒申鐃祝種申鐃峻わ申鐃銃わ申鐃銃わ申鐃緒申鐃順が鐃緒申鐃暑。鐃縮常申GC鐃叔は居申鐃緒申糞鐃緒申鐃緒申琉鐃緒申鐃緒申櫃鐃緒申討鐃緒申鐃緒申琉鐃塾わ申鐃緒申必鐃竣わ申鐃塾逸申鐃�GC鐃緒申鐃准わ申鐃緒申蠅件申憧鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃峻わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃塾わ申鐃緒申malloc/free鐃塾種申鐃緒申鐃祝削申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃曙ず鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃叔緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申能鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃盾い鐃緒申

malloc/free鐃緒申鐃潤い鐃緒申箸鐃緒申討蓮鐃緒申鐃緒申未竜鐃緒申鐃緒申琉鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃術わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申砲鐃緒申竜鐃緒申鐃緒申琉鐃塾ほとわ申匹鐃緒申鐃緒申僂鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申任鐃緒申襦ｏ申鐃緒申両鐃順、GC鐃緒申発鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃駿わ申鐃緒申鐃縮の居申鐃緒申鐃塾逸申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申覆鐃緒申鐃出なわ申覆鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申両鐃順、malloc/free鐃緒申必鐃竣なわ申鐃塾逸申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃祝￥申鐃渋�申戮鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申襦�

鐃緒申鐃塾よう鐃祝￥申鐃緒申鐃薯そわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申从鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申襪�申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申箸鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申未鐃熟わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃祝わ申鐃暑た鐃潤、鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃曙た鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃叔は削申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃淑わ申鐃夙考わ申鐃暑こ鐃夙わ申鐃叔わ申鐃暑。

2.3.GC鐃塾ワ申鐃暑ゴ鐃所ズ鐃緒申

GC鐃塾器申鐃緒申的鐃淑ワ申鐃暑ゴ鐃所ズ鐃緒申鐃緒申腓㍼申鐃淑�申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃縦わ申分鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃暑。

鐃緒申鐃夙ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃�(Reference counting)
Tracing collectors

2.3.1.鐃緒申鐃夙ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃�

鐃緒申鐃夙ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃�(Reference counting)鐃熟ワ申鐃瞬ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙￥申動的鐃祝鰹申鐃楯わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃塾逸申鐃獣縁申漫砲鐃緒申鐃緒申箸鐃緒申鐃銃わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鮓気鐃緒申琉鐃塾鰹申鐃緒申鐃緒申圓鐃�GC鐃叔わ申鐃暑。鐃緒申鐃銃のワ申鐃瞬ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙わ申鐃出わ申鐃銃誌申鐃夙ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申箸噺討个鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃粛わ申鐃春加わ申鐃暑。鐃緒申鐃夙ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申箸魯廛鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃塾にわ申鐃塾ワ申鐃瞬ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙わ申悗鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申櫂鐃緒申鵐燭鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃渋醐申澆鐃緒申襪�申鐃熟随申鐃緒申鐃緒申里如鐃緒申竸鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申覆匹砲鐃獣わ申鐃術駕申鐃緒申鐃暑。鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃銃￥申鐃緒申鐃塾誌申鐃夙ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申箸鐃�0鐃祝なっわ申鐃緒申隋�申弔泙蝓�申匹鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃盾参鐃夙わ申鐃緒申覆鐃緒申覆辰鐃緒申鐃緒申砲鐃緒申離鐃緒申屮鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申箸鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申里任鐃緒申襦�

Figure 6. 鐃緒申鐃夙ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃�

鐃緒申鐃夙ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申箸鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申箸鐃緒申討楼焚鐃緒申里鐃緒申箸鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申襦�

鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申速
鐃緒申動鐃塾器申鐃緒申鐃緒申同鐃粛に誌申鐃夙わ申鐃緒申覆鐃緒申覆辰鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃渋�申造縫鐃緒申屮鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申箸粒鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申圓鐃緒申鐃�
鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃塾逸申鐃緒申鐃緒申奮鐃緒申砲鐃緒申鐃緒申僂鐃緒申任鐃緒申鐃�(File鐃緒申mutex鐃淑わ申)

鐃春に件申鐃緒申鐃夙わ申鐃銃は￥申

鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃粛わ申鐃春加わ申鐃暑た鐃緒申鐃塾逸申離鐃緒申鐃緒申弌鐃緒申悒奪匹鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃�
鐃緒申鐃夙ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申箸離鐃緒申鐃緒申弌鐃緒申侫鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申慮鐃緒申鐃緒申必鐃竣わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申
鐃循環誌申鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃獣わ申鐃緒申鐃祝駕申鐃緒申鐃緒申圓鐃緒申覆鐃�(Figure 7.)

鐃淑どわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃暑。

Figure 7. 鐃循環誌申鐃夙（駕申鐃緒申蝋圓鐃緒申覆鐃緒申鐃�

2.3.2.Tracing collectors

Tracing collectors鐃熟種申鐃塾よう鐃緒申鐃淑鰹申鐃緒申泙鐃�GC鐃叔￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申的鐃緒申GC鐃夙呼ばわ申討鐃緒申鐃塾はわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申離鐃緒申襯器申螢削申鐃叔わ申鐃暑。

鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃�(鐃純、鐃殉￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申呂鐃緒申鐃�)
鐃夙レー鐃緒申(鐃純、鐃殉￥申鐃緒申鐃盾し鐃緒申鐃熟ワ申鐃峻￥申)
鐃緒申鐃�
鐃緒申鐃楯わ申鐃緒申鐃塾逸申虜鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃�

鐃緒申鐃暑ゴ鐃所ズ鐃準１ Tracing collector

Tracing collectors鐃緒申名鐃緒申鐃塾とわ申鐃所オ鐃瞬ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙に含まわ申鐃楯ワ申鐃藷タわ申肇譟種申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申僂鐃緒申討鐃緒申襯�申屮鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申函鐃緒申鐃緒申討鐃緒申覆鐃緒申鐃緒申屮鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申箸鐃夙緒申未鐃緒申襦ｏ申鐃緒申里箸鐃緒申鐃緒申肇譟種申鐃緒申里呂鐃緒申鐃夙なるオ鐃瞬ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙わ申襦種申鐃�(Root)鐃夙呼び￥申鐃緒申達鐃叔わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃瞬ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙はプワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申爐�申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃塾ワ申鐃瞬ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙￥申鐃緒申達鐃叔わ申鐃淑わ申鐃獣わ申鐃緒申鐃瞬ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙はわ申鐃淳とみなわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃峻わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃獣て￥申鐃緒申鐃暑ゴ鐃所ズ鐃緒申硫鐃緒申鐃淑鰹申鐃叔は鰹申鐃楯わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃銃のワ申鐃瞬ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙に駕申鐃初か鐃緒申鐃緒申法鐃叔ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃叔わ申鐃緒申必鐃竣わ申鐃緒申鐃暑。

鐃夙レー鐃緒申鐃塾ワ申鐃暑ゴ鐃所ズ鐃緒申砲魯沺鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃宿ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申(Mark and Sweep)鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃峻￥申(Copying)鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申弔鐃緒申鐃祝￥申鐃渋醐申澆鐃緒申襦�

2.3.2.1.鐃殉￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申疋鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃�

鐃殉￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申疋鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申廚魯肇譟種申鐃緒申奮鐃緒申伐鐃緒申鐃淑鰹申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃塾わ申分鐃緒申鐃曙た鐃緒申鐃暑ゴ鐃所ズ鐃緒申任鐃緒申襦�

鐃緒申鐃暑ゴ鐃所ズ鐃緒申1鐃塾トレー鐃緒申鐃淑鰹申鐃叔はルー鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申達鐃叔わ申鐃暑オ鐃瞬ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙に逸申鐃緒申弔鐃緒申討鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃�

Figure 8. 鐃殉￥申鐃緒申

鐃緒申鐃暑ゴ鐃所ズ鐃緒申1鐃塾駕申鐃緒申奮鐃緒申任蓮鐃緒申鐃緒申討離鐃緒申屮鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申箸鐃縦器申戰沺鐃緒申鐃緒申里弔鐃緒申討鐃緒申覆鐃緒申鐃緒申屮鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申箸鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申襦�

Figure 9. 鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申

鐃殉￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申疋鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃�GC鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙わ申鐃銃は以駕申鐃塾わ申鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃暑。

鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃銃易でわ申鐃緒申
鐃緒申鐃瞬ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃殉わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申覆鐃緒申鐃緒申縫鐃緒申圈鐃�GC鐃緒申鐃緒申戮鐃緒申鐃叔緒申鐃緒申茲�
鐃循環誌申鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃獣わ申鐃緒申鐃瞬ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙でわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃峻わ申鐃緒申

鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙わ申鐃銃は￥申

必鐃竣なわ申鐃緒申分鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申圓鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申琉鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃述駕申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申
鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃暑記鐃緒申鐃塾逸申鐃緒申未鳳鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃叔緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃�

鐃淑どわ申鐃緒申鐃暑。

鐃緒申鐃緒申文鐃叔はわ申鐃塾マ￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申疋鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申廚鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申任鐃緒申鐃緒申歇鐃重�申沺鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃宿ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃竣わ申鐃緒申鐃術わ申鐃銃わ申鐃暑。鐃楯種申的鐃殉￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申疋鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申廚砲弔鐃緒申討禄鐃緒申鐃緒申呂亮鐃緒申鐃緒申旅鐃叔削申鐃駿種申鐃遵げ鐃暑。

2.3.2.2.鐃緒申鐃峻￥申

鐃緒申鐃峻￥申鐃緒申鐃塾逸申鐃夙省�申砲鐃緒申鐃�GC鐃緒申圓鐃緒申鐃緒申襯器申螢削申鐃叔わ申鐃暑。

鐃緒申鐃暑ゴ鐃所ズ鐃緒申1鐃塾トレー鐃緒申鐃淑鰹申鐃叔はルー鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申達鐃叔わ申鐃暑オ鐃瞬ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙を新わ申鐃緒申鐃塾逸申縫鐃緒申圈鐃緒申鐃緒申討鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申肇譟種申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃所、鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申討離鐃緒申屮鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申箸鮨靴鐃緒申鐃緒申琉鐃祝ワ申鐃峻￥申鐃叔わ申鐃緒申鐃初、鐃重わ申鐃塾逸申鐃緒申鐃銃わ申鐃祝器申鐃緒申鐃緒申(鐃緒申鐃暑ゴ鐃所ズ鐃緒申1鐃塾駕申鐃緒申奮鐃�)鐃緒申

Figure 10. 鐃緒申鐃峻￥申鐃緒申

Figure 11. 鐃緒申鐃峻￥申鐃緒申

鐃緒申鐃瞬ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙わ申鐃銃逸申鐃緒申鐃緒申襪随申瓠�申櫂鐃緒申鵐燭鐃緒申佞鐃緒申悗鐃緒申鐃峻わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃竣ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃叔はポワ申鐃藷タとわ申鐃縮わ申ID鐃緒申鐃術わ申鐃緒申必鐃竣わ申鐃緒申鐃暑。

鐃緒申鐃峻￥申GC鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙わ申鐃銃は以駕申鐃塾わ申鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃暑。

鐃緒申鐃緒申奮鐃緒申鐃緒申曚箸鐃宿なわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申沺鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃宿ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申GC鐃緒申鐃緒申拗鐃渋�
鐃緒申屬鐃粛わ申謄鐃緒申圈鐃緒申鐃峻わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃塾逸申鐃緒申鐃緒申匆鐃緒申鐃夙�申鐃緒申鐃緒申覆鐃�
鐃循環誌申鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃獣わ申鐃緒申鐃瞬ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙でわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃峻わ申鐃緒申

鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙わ申鐃銃は￥申

鐃緒申鐃峻￥申鐃緒申圓辰鐃緒申鐃緒申屮鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申箸離櫂鐃緒申鵐燭鐃緒申佞鐃緒申悗鐃緒申鐃宿�申鐃�(Figure 11.)
鐃楯ワ申鐃藷タ以鰹申鐃緒申ID鐃緒申鐃術わ申鐃銃の器申鐃緒申鐃緒申必鐃緒申
鐃緒申鐃淳となわ申鐃塾域が鐃緒申端鐃祝常申鐃淑わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃叔緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃�

鐃淑どわ申鐃緒申鐃暑。

2.4.鐃緒申鐃緒申 vs 鐃楯種申的

鐃緒申鐃術わ申鐃銃わ申鐃暑オ鐃瞬ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙をたどわ申鐃緒申法鐃夙わ申鐃縮に￥申鐃緒申鐃術わ申鐃銃わ申鐃暑オ鐃瞬ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙わ申判鐃緒申法鐃祝つわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃塾わ申GC(precise GC)鐃緒申鐃楯種申的GC(conservative GC)鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃縮わ申鐃緒申鐃暑。

鐃緒申鐃塾わ申GC鐃熟￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申離鐃緒申屮鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申箸鐃緒申鐃緒申里傍鐃潤、鐃緒申鐃術わ申鐃銃わ申鐃淑わ申鐃緒申鐃瞬ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃銃駕申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃�GC鐃叔わ申鐃暑。鐃縮常申GC鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃塾わ申GC鐃薯示わ申鐃緒申

鐃楯種申的GC鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申蕕件申鐃循ｏ申鐃淑ワ申鐃瞬ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙わ申鐃楯誌申鐃緒申鐃銃駕申鐃緒申鐃峻わ申覆鐃�GC鐃叔わ申鐃暑。鐃緒申鐃緒申的鐃祝はワ申鐃瞬ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙のルー鐃夙に器申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃暑オ鐃瞬ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙わ申鐃塾逸申(鐃述￥申鐃竣なわ申)鐃薯さわ申鐃楯ワ申鐃藷タわ申鐃祝含まれた鐃緒申鐃祝は￥申鐃緒申鐃塾ポワ申鐃藷タわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃瞬ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙の駕申鐃緒申蝋圓鐃淑わ申鐃淑どわ申鐃緒申鐃祝わ申里襦ｏ申鐃縮とわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃処ゴ鐃淳でわ申鐃暑オ鐃瞬ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙わ申鐃楯誌申鐃緒申鐃銃わ申鐃殉わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃塾ワ申鐃瞬ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙わ申無鐃緒申鐃淑ポワ申鐃藷タをさわ申鐃緒申鐃夙はなわ申鐃塾で若干鐃塾ワ申鐃緒申蝓種申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申襪�申鐃獣縁申鐃淑鰹申鐃祝逸申鐃緒申鐃叔わ申鐃暑。鐃縮常申襦種申箸魯譽醐申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申奪鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃塾域、鐃述￥申鐃緒申鐃塾逸申覆匹鐃緒申鐃緒申襪�申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃銃わ申曖鐃緒申箸鐃緒申鐃緒申歇鐃重�GC鐃緒申圓鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申辰鐃緒申鐃緒申歇鐃�(fully conservative)鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申曖鐃緒申箸鐃緒申胴圓鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙常申歇鐃�(partially conservative)鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申

鐃楯種申的鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃塾とわ申鐃緒申鐃粛わ申鐃緒申鐃熟居申鐃緒申鐃塾逸申鐃殉￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃祝でわ申鐃暑た鐃潤、鐃緒申鐃緒申的鐃淑ワ申鐃暑ゴ鐃所ズ鐃緒申狼鐃緒申蠅件申覆鐃緒申鐃�

鐃楯種申的GC鐃熟マ￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申疋鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃�GC鐃緒申鐃夙み刻申錣誌申鐃緒申鐃緒申僂鐃緒申鐃暑こ鐃夙わ申多鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃殉わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申GC鐃薯サポ￥申鐃夙わ申鐃淑わ申C鐃淑どの醐申鐃緒申任亮鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申動廚任鐃緒申襪随申瓠�Ruby鐃淑どの醐申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申呂任呂鐃緒申鐃緒申歇鐃重�申沺鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃宿ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申GC鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃術わ申鐃緒申討鐃緒申襦�

3.Lisp

鐃旬醐申鐃緒申任呂鐃緒申泙鐃緒申泙鐃�GC鐃塾醐申率鐃緒申調鐃駿るた鐃緒申縫廛鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃淳ング醐申鐃緒申鐃緒申蝓�GC鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申襦ｏ申鐃緒申鐃緒申謄戰鐃緒申鐃殉￥申鐃緒申鐃銃ワ申鐃夙にわ申辰鐃緒申鐃俊わ申圓鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申如鐃�GC鐃緒申鐃緒申能鐃緒申反鐃叔わ申鐃緒申笋刻申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申笋居申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃渋わ申鐃緒申鐃�LISP鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申

LISP(LISt Processing鐃緒申略)鐃緒申1958年鐃祝ワ申鐃緒申鵝Ε泪奪鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申砲鐃獣わ申発鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃曙た鐃竣ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申潺鵐宛鐃緒申鐃叔わ申鐃暑。鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃初算鐃塾計誌申鐃緒申妊鐃緒申鐃塾常申鐃宿緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申襪随申鐃塾居申法鐃緒申FORTRAN鐃塾常申飽椰鐃緒申鐃緒申襪鰹申箸砲鐃緒申鐃緒申LISP鐃緒申鐃藷タプリタ鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申

鐃緒申鐃緒申LISP鐃緒申Common Lisp鐃緒申Scheme鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申弔鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃塾�申任鐃緒申襪�申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申任鐃�LISP鐃緒申鐃銃わ申鐃緒申鐃銃はまわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃遵げ鐃暑。

3.1.鐃緒申徴鐃夙プワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申

3.1.1.Atom

LISP鐃叔逸申鐃緒申鐃叔￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申如鐃緒申佑鐃緒申里鐃塾を示わ申鐃叔￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申Atom鐃夙呼ぶ￥申Atom鐃祝わ申名鐃緒申鐃薯あわ申錣刻申鐃緒申鐃旬ワ申(Symbol)鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃粛￥申鐃緒申鐃粛わ申表鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃塾わ申痢鐃淑醐申鐃緒申鵝�愎鐃緒申鬚△鐃緒す鐃竣ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申(Procedure)鐃淑どわ申鐃殉まわ申襦�

Atom鐃緒申LISP鐃竣ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申直鐃旬ワ申謄鐃緒申箸鐃緒申撞鐃緒申劼任鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃�(鐃緒申鐃粛￥申文鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申)鐃巡、LISP鐃塾種申鐃緒申孫圓鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃縮とわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃塾（ワ申鐃緒申椒襦�申廛鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃祝￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申他LISP鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃熟の鰹申張鐃緒申鐃術意わ申鐃曙た鐃叔￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申造鐃淑どわ申鐃殉まわ申襦�

鐃緒申謄鐃緒申發件申鐃緒申麓鐃�	鐃渋行わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃�	Atom鐃塾種申鐃緒申
10	10	鐃緒申鐃緒申
"the string"	"the string"	文鐃緒申鐃緒申
'symbol	symbol	鐃緒申鐃緒申椒鐃�
(quote symbol)	symbol	鐃緒申鐃緒申椒鐃�
(lambda (x) x)	procedure(鐃緒申鐃初か鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申表鐃緒申)	鐃竣ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申

Figure 12. Atom鐃塾居申鐃緒申

3.1.2.Cons Cell

LISP鐃祝はもう鐃述とわ申Cons Cell(鐃盾し鐃緒申鐃緒申Pair)鐃夙呼ぶデ￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申存鐃淳わ申鐃暑。Cons Cell鐃緒申鐃緒申弔離如鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃殉とわ申鐃叔￥申鐃緒申鐃叔わ申鐃暑。Cons Cell鐃緒申鐃緒申頭鐃緒申Car鐃淑ワ申鐃緒申鐃祝￥申鐃叔醐申鐃�Cdr(鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申)鐃夙呼ぶ￥申Car鐃緒申Cdr鐃緒申Atom鐃緒申 Cons Cell鐃宿わ申鐃緒申離如鐃緒申鐃緒申蘯�申鐃緒申鐃緒申箸鐃緒申任鐃緒申襦�

Figure 13. Cons Cell

A鐃緒申B鐃緒申Cons鐃淑もし鐃緒申鐃緒申Pair鐃祝と醐申鐃獣わ申鐃緒申隋�Car鐃緒申A鐃緒申Cdr鐃緒申B鐃薯示わ申Cons Cell鐃塾わ申鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃�Cons Cell鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申襪鰹申箸鐃�cons鐃緒申鐃緒申噺鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃�

3.1.3.S鐃緒申

LISP鐃熟プワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃塾居申鐃緒申法鐃緒申S鐃緒申(Symbol-Expression)鐃夙呼ばわ申覽㍼申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃術わ申鐃銃わ申鐃暑。S鐃緒申鐃熟種申鐃塾よう鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃暑。

S鐃緒申 ::= Atom
S鐃緒申 ::= S鐃緒申鐃緒申S鐃緒申鐃緒申Cons

Figure 14. S鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃�

S鐃緒申鐃緒申Atom鐃緒申泙爐�cons鐃緒申鐃緒申討鐃緒申鐃緒申里鐃�Atom鐃叔はなわ申鐃緒申S鐃緒申鐃薯記述わ申鐃緒申鐃順、鐃緒申謄鐃緒申表鐃緒申鐃叔わ申鐃緒申Atom鐃熟わ申鐃塾まま居申鐃述わ申鐃緒申Cons Cell鐃熟ドッワ申鐃緒申(A . B)鐃塾よう鐃緒申表鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃暑。A鐃緒申Car鐃緒申B鐃緒申Cdr鐃祝わ申鐃緒申鐃暑。

Figure 15. 単鐃緒申鐃�S鐃緒申鐃塾刻申造

LISP鐃叔わ申Cons Cell鐃緒申疋奪鐃緒申个鐃宿緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃�S鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃盾次鐃塾よう鐃緒申連続鐃緒申鐃緒申". ("鐃緒申鐃出縁申鐃緒申鐃緒申")"鐃緒申鐃塾�申鐃緒申鐃緒申螢刻申鐃宿緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申僂鐃緒申襦ｏ申螢刻申鐃宿緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申譴�S鐃緒申鐃塾わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申(<S鐃緒申> ... <S鐃緒申 n>)鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃祝なってわ申鐃緒申鐃塾わ申螢刻申箸噺討咫鐃緒申螢刻申箸虜埜紊�申疋奪鐃緒申个砲覆辰討鐃緒申鐃緒申里鐃宿ットリス鐃夙と呼ぶ￥申

S鐃緒申	鐃所ス鐃緒申表鐃緒申	鐃緒申鐃緒申
(a . b)	(a . b)	鐃宿ットリス鐃緒申
(a . (b . c))	(a b .c)	鐃宿ットリス鐃緒申
(a . (b . ()))	(a b)	鐃所ス鐃緒申
((a . b) . (c . (d . e)))	((a . b) c d . e)	鐃宿ットリス鐃緒申
((a . b) . (c . (d . ())))	((a . b) c d)	鐃所ス鐃緒申
((a . (b . ())) . (c . (d . ())))	((a b) c d)	鐃所ス鐃緒申

Figure 16. S鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃出縁申鐃緒申鐃緒申螢刻申鐃宿緒申鐃�

鐃緒申鐃縮わ申鐃緒申箸鐃緒申討蓮鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃淑わ申鐃所ス鐃夙わ申nil鐃緒申Common Lisp鐃叔わ申表鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃祝ワ申砲鐃�()鐃緒申Scheme鐃叔わ申表鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃所ス鐃夙）などわ申表鐃緒申鐃緒申nil鐃緒申()鐃緒申Atom鐃叔もあ鐃暑。

3.1.4.鐃竣ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃�

LISP鐃叔わ申S鐃緒申鐃淑リス鐃夙わ申Atom鐃祝を式とわ申鐃緒申評鐃緒申(Eval)鐃緒申鐃銃わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申評鐃緒申鐃夙は種申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃粛わ申鐃緒申襪鰹申箸鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申LISP鐃叔は種申鐃塾種申鐃緒申鳳鐃緒申鐃緒申銅鐃緒申里茲�申鐃宿常申鐃緒申鐃峻わ申鐃緒申

鐃緒申鐃塾種申鐃緒申	評鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申法
鐃所ス鐃緒申	(<鐃舜随申> <鐃緒申鐃緒申> ... <鐃緒申鐃緒申>)鐃塾よう鐃淑関随申鐃銃び出わ申鐃夙みなわ申鐃緒申評鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃暑。
鐃緒申鐃緒申椒鐃�	鐃緒申鐃緒申椒鐃緒申鐃出縁申鐃春わ申鐃緒申譴随申佑鐃緒申鐃出わ申鐃緒申
鐃緒申鐃緒申椒鐃淑鰹申鐃緒申Atom	Atom鐃緒申鐃夙わ申鐃瞬わ申鐃緒申

Figure 17. LISP鐃塾種申鐃緒申評鐃緒申法

鐃舜随申鐃祝は逸申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃銃わ申評鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃淑わ申鐃獣種申鐃緒申鐃�(special form, macro)鐃夙逸申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申評鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申廛鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申爐�醐申澆鐃緒申襦ｏ申愎鐃緒申飽鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申呂鐃緒申鐃緒申佑鐃緒申鐃暑こ鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃舜随申鐃緒申適鐃緒申(apply)鐃緒申鐃暑、鐃盾し鐃緒申鐃緒申単鐃緒申適鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申噺鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃�

3.1.4.1.鐃獣種申鐃緒申鐃�

鐃緒申表的鐃緒申鐃獣種申鐃緒申鐃緒申砲鐃�quote鐃緒申set!鐃緒申cond鐃緒申lambda鐃淑どわ申存鐃淳わ申鐃暑。鐃緒申文(syntax)鐃夙わ申討个鐃暑。

3.1.4.1.1.quote

quote鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申評鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃祝わ申鐃塾まわ申鐃瞬わ申鐃獣種申鐃緒申鐃緒申任鐃緒申襦ｏ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申弔箸襦ｏ申螢刻申箸鐃叔￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申造鐃夙わ申鐃銃逸申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申隋�申鐃緒申鐃旬ル自鐃塾わ申鐃緒申个鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申覆匹鐃緒申鐃緒申僂鐃緒申襦�'(鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申)鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃術わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申略鐃緒申法鐃薯サポ￥申鐃夙わ申鐃緒申LISP鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃熟わ申多鐃緒申鐃緒申

(quote 10) ; =>10
(quote a) ; => a
(quote (this is the list)) :=> (this is the list)
'symbol ; => symbol
'(another list) ; => (another list)

Figure 18. quote鐃緒申動鐃緒申

3.1.4.1.2.set!

set!鐃熟ワ申鐃緒申椒鐃緒申鐃粛わ申鐃出縁申鐃春わ申鐃緒申鐃獣種申鐃緒申鐃緒申任鐃緒申襦ｏ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申箸襦ｏ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申魯鐃緒申鐃旬ワ申鐃夙り、鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃宿常申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申佑鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申離鐃緒申鐃旬ワ申鐃緒申弍鐃緒申佞鐃緒申襦ｏ申覆鐃�LISP鐃叔わ申鐃粛をシワ申椒鐃緒申鐃出縁申鐃春わ申鐃暑こ鐃夙わ申束鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申箸鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃�

(set! a 10) 
a ; => 10
(set! b '(the list))
b ;=> (the list)

Figure 19. set!鐃緒申動鐃緒申

3.1.4.1.3.cond

cond鐃緒申分鐃緒申鐃緒申表鐃緒申鐃獣種申鐃緒申鐃緒申任鐃緒申襦Ｊｏ申鐃緒申琉鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙り、鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃塾刻申造鐃熟種申鐃塾よう鐃祝なってわ申鐃緒申必鐃竣わ申鐃緒申鐃暑。

(cond <condition clause1> <condition clause> ...)
<condition clause n> := (<condition> <expression> ...)

Figure 20. cond鐃塾逸申鐃緒申鐃塾刻申造

cond鐃叔わ申<condition clause>鐃緒申鐃緒申屬鐃宿常申鐃緒申鐃緒申討鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃�<condition clause>鐃塾わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申<condition>鐃緒申評鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃銃随申鐃薯示わ申鐃粛でわ申鐃緒申鐃渋鰹申鐃�<expression>鐃緒申鐃緒申屬鐃宿常申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃�<condition>鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃薯示わ申鐃粛でわ申鐃緒申鐃渋鰹申鐃�<expression>鐃緒申評鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃祝種申鐃緒申<condition clause>鐃緒申評鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃暑。

鐃叔醐申鐃�<condition clause>鐃緒申<test>鐃緒申else鐃淑どわ申鐃緒申鐃縮なワ申鐃緒申椒襪�申箸鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃銃わ申鐃所、鐃緒申鐃塾常申鐃緒申無鐃緒申鐃緒申続鐃緒申<expression>鐃緒申評鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申襦�

(set! a 10)
(cond ((<= 1 a) 1)
      ((= 0 a) 0)
      (else    -1)) ; => 1
(set! b -1)
(cond ((<= 1 b) 1)
      ((= 0 b) 0)
      (else    -1)) ; => -1

Figure 21. cond鐃緒申動鐃緒申

3.1.4.1.4.lambda

lambda鐃熟プワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申端鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃叔わ申鐃暑。鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃祝はプワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申琉鐃緒申鐃緒申離螢刻申箸鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃淑降にはプワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙を記述わ申鐃暑。鐃竣ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃銃び出わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃熟￥申鐃緒申箸里鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申嶌埜鐃緒申評鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃粛わ申鐃瞬わ申鐃緒申lambda鐃緒申鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃�

(lambda (x) x) ; => procedure
(set! identity (lambda (x) x))
(identity 10) ; => 10
((lambda (x y) (+ x y)) 10 20) ; => 30
((lambda (x y) x (+ x y) y) 10 20) ; => 20

Figure 22. lambda鐃緒申動鐃緒申

3.1.4.1.5.鐃竣ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申

鐃竣ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申端鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙は異なわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃宿常申鐃緒申鐃峻ってわ申鐃緒申愎鐃緒申鐃緒申佑鐃緒申鐃緒申愎鐃緒申里鐃緒申箸任鐃緒申襦ｏ申廛鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃祝わ申鐃順き鐃緒申分鐃緒申鐃緒申Cons Cell鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃�cons鐃緒申鐃緒申則鐃初算鐃緒申+鐃緒申*鐃緒申鐃緒申售愎鐃�<鐃夙わ申鐃獣わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申呂鐃緒申箸濆鐃緒申泙鐃銃わ申鐃緒申鐃夙み刻申鐃淳プワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申函鐃緒申廛鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃殉わ申lambda鐃緒申鐃叔削申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申廛鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申弔亮鐃緒申爐�醐申澆鐃緒申襦�

鐃竣ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申任鐃緒申鐃緒申討琉鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃宿常申鐃緒申鐃緒申討鐃緒申鐃舜随申鐃緒申評鐃緒申鐃緒申圓鐃緒申鐃緒申瓠�申端鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙異なり構文鐃叔はなわ申鐃緒申LISP鐃祝わ申鐃獣種申鐃緒申鐃緒申肇廛鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃塾関随申鐃緒申鐃緒申存鐃淳わ申鐃淑わ申鐃夙もい鐃緒申鐃暑。

(set! a 10)
(cons 'a 'b) ; => (a . b)
(cons a (cons 'b nil)) ; => (10 b)
(* a 4) ; => 40
(< a 2) ; => 鐃緒申鐃緒申表鐃緒申鐃緒申(nil鐃緒申#f鐃淑わ申)
(+ a (* 3 4)) ; => 22
(set! add-1 ((lambda (x) (lambda (y) (+ x y))) 1))
(add-1 10) ; => 11

Figure 23. 鐃竣ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃�

3.1.5.鐃縦駈申

LISP鐃叔わ申C鐃緒申鐃緒申覆匹埜鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申廚鐃縦駈申鐃夙呼び￥申鐃殉わ申鐃緒申鐃瞬鰹申側鐃塾環駈申鐃緒申肇奪廛鐃駿ワ申(Top-Level)鐃夙呼ぶ￥申LISP鐃叔わ申lambda鐃叔削申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申廛鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃塾みわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃縦駈申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申襦�

鐃竣ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申郎鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申譴随申箸鐃緒申隆超鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃竣ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃純が鐃緒申鐃縦駕申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙￥申鐃渋逸申鐃緒申鐃緒申束鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申弔泙鐃宿常申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃祝削申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃曙た鐃夙わ申鐃塾環駈申鐃緒申鐃縦ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃叔随申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃縦駈申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申襦�

Figure 23. lambda鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃出わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃縦駈申鐃緒申鐃夙わ申鐃縦駈申鐃緒申表鐃緒申鐃緒申

鐃緒申鐃淳わ申LISP鐃叔はワ申鐃緒申鐃銃ワ申鐃獣ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃竣わ申鐃緒申鐃術わ申鐃緒申討鐃緒申襪�申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申謄鐃緒申奪鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申廚鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃曙た鐃緒申鐃塾環駈申鐃緒申廛鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申磴�申鐃渋醐申鐃緒申襪鰹申箸砲鐃緒申存鐃緒申鐃緒申討鐃緒申襦�Figure 23鐃緒申x鐃緒申y鐃淑ど￥申鐃夙ップワ申戰鐃淑鰹申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃銃わ申鐃緒申lambda鐃塾駕申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙なってわ申鐃緒申鐃術随申鐃緒申譽㍼申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申竸鐃緒申噺討屐鐃�

鐃曙キ鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃術随申x鐃緒申(lambda (y) (+ x y))鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申廛鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申磴�申亡鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申泙妊廛鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙常申糞鐃重�申鐃緒申鐃緒申僂任鐃緒申襪�申鐃緒申鐃緒申里茲�申縫譽㍼申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申竸鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申僂鐃緒申討鐃緒申鐃竣ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申辰縫鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙呼ぶ￥申

3.2.LISP鐃緒申GC

GC鐃緒申LISP鐃緒申同鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃叔わ申鐃暑。LISP鐃叔はプワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃宿み刻申鐃淳￥申鐃所ス鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申離螢刻申箸鐃宿常申鐃緒申鐃緒申謄廛鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃渋行わ申鐃暑。評鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申離螢刻申箸筺�常申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申僂鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃塾逸申呂鐃緒申澆箸覆襪�申鐃�LISP鐃叔はプワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申泙鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃重�申縫鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申檗鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃祝￥申鐃緒申儖佞鐃緒申鐃銃わ申鐃淑わ申鐃緒申鐃潤こ鐃緒申鐃塾わ申鐃淳はわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申老彁鐃緒申鐃緒申了餮擦鮨�鐃緒申弔鐃緒申鐃緒申討鐃緒申泙鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申離螢刻申箸鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃�Cons Cell鐃緒申Atom鐃熟わ申鐃淳となってわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申僂鐃緒申鐃叔緒申任鐃緒申鐃塾で削申鐃緒申鐃術わ申圓鐃緒申鐃�

LISP鐃淑鰹申鐃塾ワ申鐃藷タプリタ鐃塾醐申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申呂鐃銃縁申佑縫廛鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申匹濆鐃緒申漾鐃緒申孫圓鐃緒申鐃楯に醐申鐃緒申鐃緒申有鐃塾デ￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申造(文鐃緒申鐃藷、フワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申櫂鐃緒申鵐拭鐃緒申鐃淑醐申擇覆鐃�)鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申襦ｏ申鐃緒申鐃緒申嚢鐃淑醐申擇箸鐃粛随申鐃緒申鐃曙た鐃竣ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃潤す鐃暑た鐃緒申縫鐃緒申鵐織廛螢随申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃塾逸申忘鐃緒申如鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃渋わ申任鐃緒申襦Ｌ常申鐃緒申鐃緒申竸鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鵝�愎鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申閥鐃緒申未鐃緒申鐃緒申蝓�申鐃緒申辰鐃緒申鐃縮居申鐃緒申討鐃初算鐃述わ申優鐃緒申鐃縮わ申鐃緒申鐃薯して随申鐃緒申鐃塾駕申瓩件申鐃緒申蠅刻申襦�

鐃緒申文鐃准わ申LISP鐃熟わ申鐃叔に種申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃処う鐃祝わ申鐃獣わ申鐃緒申鐃准刻申造鐃塾みで刻申文鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃所さ鐃緒申襪随申瓠�随申鐃緒申鐃夙違い鐃緒申文鐃緒申鐃熟わ申鐃獣わ申表鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃所ス鐃夙刻申造鐃緒申鐃術器申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申任鐃緒申襦�申弔泙蟾淑醐申擇魯螢刻申箸法鐃緒申鐃淑醐申擇鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃叔￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申造鐃緒申Cons Cell鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃叔わ申Atom鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃暑。LISP鐃緒申同鐃粛にワ申鐃藷タプリタ鐃塾醐申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申呂鐃緒申鐃緒申僂鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃祝は刻申文鐃准わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃宿�申廚鐃緒申鐃緒申襦ｏ申鐃緒申隆鐃緒申鐃緒申砲鐃緒申个鐃緒申鐃�GC鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃術わ申鐃緒申襦�

鐃所ス鐃夙￥申鐃緒申文鐃准はプワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申泙鐃縦常申楷鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃峻わ申鐃緒申鐃夙わ申鐃叔緒申幣鐃順が鐃緒申鐃暑。鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃塾常申鐃熟醐申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申呂鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申房鐃緒申辰鐃緒申襪鰹申箸砲覆鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申呂鬚靴鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃駿わ申鐃緒申紊居申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃重�申鐃夙随申鐃緒申討鐃緒申泙鐃緒申鐃�

鐃緒申鐃塾よう鐃祝￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申戮旅發わ申鐃緒申鵐織廛螢随申慮鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃熟わ申鐃緒申鐃術わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申戮旅發わ申廛鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申砲鐃�GC鐃緒申必鐃旬の居申能鐃夙なってわ申鐃暑。

4.GC鐃緒申属LISP鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申

鐃緒申鐃緒申文鐃叔わ申GC鐃緒申属鐃緒申LISP鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃熟の削申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃暑。LISP鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃熟の誌申鐃粛わ申Scheme鐃塾ワ申鐃瞬ワ申鐃獣トとわ申鐃暑。鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃熟の刻申造鐃祝は醐申典的鐃緒申S鐃緒申鐃塾ワ申鐃藷タプリタ鐃淑駕申鐃熟）￥申GC鐃塾ワ申鐃暑ゴ鐃所ズ鐃緒申砲鐃緒申歇鐃重�Mark and Sweep鐃緒申鐃緒申僂鐃緒申襦�

4.1.LISP鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃熟の刻申造

鐃緒申典的鐃緒申S鐃緒申鐃塾ワ申鐃藷タプリタ鐃夙わ申鐃銃わ申LISP鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃熟わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃祝肝となる機能鐃緒申read-eval-print-loop(repl鐃緒申略鐃緒申)鐃緒申GC鐃叔わ申鐃暑。鐃緒申鐃緒申repl鐃熟わ申鐃緒申名鐃塾とわ申鐃所、鐃緒申鐃熟わ申鐃宿み種申蝓�常申鐃�(evalute)鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃熟わ申鐃暑こ鐃夙を繰わ申鐃瞬わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃叔わ申鐃暑。

read鐃緒申圓鐃�reader鐃緒申文鐃緒申鐃緒申箸鐃緒申討鐃�S鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃宿み種申蝓�LISP鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃熟わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申表鐃緒申鐃夙わ申鐃銃わ申S鐃緒申(鐃所ス鐃緒申)鐃緒申鐃夙わ申立鐃銃る。eval鐃緒申reader鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃出わ申鐃緒申鐃所ス鐃夙わ申鐃潤し鐃竣ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申孫圓鐃緒申襦�print鐃熟実行件申未鐃緒申椶妨鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃叔緒申鐃熟わ申鐃暑。

Figure 24. read-eval-print-loop

4.2.鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申

鐃旬醐申鐃緒申任鐃�GC鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申襪鰹申箸發�申蝓�申鐃緒申蕕�申鐃緒申鐃�GC鐃緒申鐃緒申椶鐃緒申譴随申廛鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃淳ング醐申鐃緒申任呂覆鐃�C鐃緒申鐃緒申砲鐃獣て削申鐃緒申鐃緒申圓辰鐃緒申鐃�C++鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃術わ申鐃淑わ申鐃獣わ申鐃緒申由鐃熟￥申鐃楯種申的GC鐃夙ワ申鐃藷スワ申鐃藷スのフワ申鐃緒申鐃淑ライ鐃緒申鐃塾駈申調鐃緒申圓鐃緒申鐃緒申箸砲鐃所、鐃旬種申鐃叔なわ申鐃緒申分鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃春をそわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申討鐃緒申泙鐃緒申里鐃緒申匹鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃叔わ申鐃暑。

4.3.鐃緒申鐃緒申

鐃旬醐申鐃緒申悩鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃�LISP鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申(鐃淑駕申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申)鐃塾駕申鐃緒申鐃峻わ申鐃緒申

4.3.1.鐃叔￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申造

鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃塾わ申鐃緒申鐃術わ申鐃緒申如鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃渋わ申鐃�scheme.h鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申討鐃緒申襦ｏ申鐃重掬�申鐃�LISP鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃熟でわ申Cell鐃夙呼ばわ申鐃淑ｏ申鐃緒申離如鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃渋わ申鐃�union鐃叔まとめた鐃緒申鐃出とわ申鐃緒申union鐃緒申鐃縮わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申个鐃緒申鐃縦デ￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申造鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃術わ申鐃緒申里鐃緒申鐃塾�申任鐃緒申襦�

Cell鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃�union鐃叔まとめた鐃緒申鐃出のデ￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申造鐃祝わ申S鐃緒申鐃塾刻申能劼戮鐃�cons(Cell鐃塾ポワ申鐃藷タわ申鐃緒申鳥鐃緒申張如鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃渋�)鐃緒申atom鐃緒申泙燹ｏ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申呂鐃�atom鐃緒申symbol鐃緒申integer鐃緒申 primitive鐃緒申closure鐃緒申macro鐃叔わ申鐃暑。

Cell鐃緒申LISP鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃熟わ申鐃緒申鐃術わ申鐃緒申如鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃渋わ申鐃粛わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃粛鰹申砲蓮鐃�Cell鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃述とつのデ￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申造鐃叔緒申鐃緒申鐃熟わ申鐃緒申鐃術わ申鐃緒申S鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申表鐃緒申鐃叔わ申鐃暑こ鐃夙わ申他鐃祝￥申鐃叔￥申鐃緒申鐃塾ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃祝わ申鐃緒申GC鐃叔のワ申鐃緒申鐃塾逸申鐃緒申鐃緒申匆鐃緒申鐃緒申匹鐃緒申鐃縮ｏ申鐃殉まわ申討襦�

鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃熟でわ申Cell鐃緒申SCM鐃夙わ申鐃緒申名鐃緒申鐃緒申typedef鐃緒申鐃銃わ申鐃緒申

typedef struct _Cell* SCM; /* scheme cell object interface */
struct _Cell {
    struct _Header {
        enum SchemeCellType type;
        short gc_flag;
    } header; /* cell header */
    union {
        struct _Cons {
            SCM car;
            SCM cdr;
        } cons;
        struct _Integer {
            int value;
        } integer;
        struct _Symbol {
            char *name;
            int length;
            SCM value;
        } symbol;
        struct _Primitive {
            enum PrimitiveType type;
            char *name;
            SCM (*proc)();
        } primitive;
        struct _Closure {
            SCM args;
            SCM body;
            SCM env;            
        } closure;
        struct _Macro {
            SCM closure;
        } macro;
        /* more ... */
    } object; /* cell object */
};

Figure 25. Cell鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙器申鐃�(scheme.h)

鐃淑わ申Cell鐃塾わ申鐃緒申竜鐃緒申鐃緒申琉鐃塾鰹申鐃楯にわ申GC鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申辰討鐃緒申鐃暑。鐃緒申鐃淑鰹申鐃叔わ申鐃緒申鐃縮な器申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申malloc鐃塾みで済まわ申鐃暑。Cell鐃塾鰹申鐃楯につわ申鐃銃わ申GC鐃塾刻申(4.4.1)鐃叔詳わ申鐃緒申鐃述べる。

4.3.2.鐃緒申鐃緒申椒鐃銃￥申鐃瞬ワ申

鐃緒申鐃緒申椒鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃叔￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申造鐃緒申scheme.h鐃叔￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申椒襦�申鐃緒申鐃旬ワ申董鐃緒申屮鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申圓鐃緒申愎鐃緒申鐃�symbol.c鐃祝わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申討鐃緒申襦�

鐃緒申鐃緒申椒鐃夙わ申LISP鐃緒申atom鐃緒申名鐃緒申鐃緒申弔鐃緒申鐃緒申匹鐃叔￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申造鐃叔わ申鐃暑。同鐃緒申名鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申張鐃緒申鐃旬ワ申肋鐃緒申同鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃瞬ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃術わ申鐃暑こ鐃夙￥申鐃縦まわ申同鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申椒鐃緒申同鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃宿レス鐃緒申鐃緒申弔鐃緒申箸鐃�LISP鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃熟では居申鐃緒申鐃暑。鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃渋醐申鐃緒申鐃暑た鐃緒申縫鐃緒申鐃旬ワ申董鐃緒申屮鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃術わ申鐃暑。鐃旬緒申鐃緒申鐃熟ではワ申鐃緒申椒鐃銃￥申鐃瞬ワ申魯鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃熟ッワ申鐃緒申納存鐃緒申鐃緒申討鐃緒申襦ｏ申鐃緒申鐃旬ワ申鐃縮常申鐃�(文鐃緒申鐃緒申)鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申襦ｏ申呂鐃緒申鐃緒申名鐃緒申鐃塾ハッワ申鐃緒申鐃粛わ申鐃潤、鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申魯奪鐃緒申鐃塾逸申鐃瞬わ申鐃緒申蠅刻申襦ｏ申鐃緒申鐃�S鐃緒申鐃緒申同鐃粛わ申Cons Cell鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃術わ申鐃銃わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃所ス鐃夙をたどり、文鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃銃縁申佑鐃縮常申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃縦ワ申鐃緒申椒鐃緒申鐃緒申襦Ｌ常申鐃緒申鐃緒申弍鐃緒申鐃緒申襯件申鐃旬ルが存鐃淳わ申鐃淑わ申鐃緒申鐃熟随申鐃緒申鐃祝ワ申鐃緒申椒鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申謄鐃緒申鐃旬ワ申董鐃緒申屮鐃緒申鐃宿加わ申圓鐃緒申鐃�

名鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃初シ鐃緒申椒鐃緒申鐃緒申襪鰹申箸鐃�intern鐃夙呼ぶ￥申

Figure 26. 鐃緒申鐃緒申椒鐃銃￥申鐃瞬ワ申

4.3.3.reader

reader鐃緒申read.c鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申討鐃緒申襦�S鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃宿み種申鐃�Cell鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃術わ申鐃銃リス鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申襦�

鐃宿み刻申鐃緒申鐃�S鐃緒申鐃塾誌申鐃緒申鐃緒申呂砲弔鐃緒申討鐃�R5RS[1]鐃薯参考に削申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃銃居申鐃淳駕申鐃緒申鐃塾パ￥申鐃緒申鐃夙なってわ申鐃暑。鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申reader鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申螢刻申箸鐃緒申名鐃�primitive鐃緒申closure鐃緒申macro鐃淑どのわ申泙泙覆鐃�Cell鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃叔でわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申里鐃緒申屬鐃緒申鐃�primitive鐃緒申closure鐃緒申macro鐃淑どわ申4.3.5鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申eval鐃祝て￥申symbol鐃緒申束鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃曙た鐃粛わ申鐃緒申个鐃緒申鐃緒申蝓�申愎鐃緒申鐃渋行わ申鐃暑こ鐃夙にわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申里鐃緒申鐃叔わ申鐃暑。

4.3.4.print

print鐃緒申print.c鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申討鐃緒申襦�

print鐃緒申S鐃緒申鐃緒申表鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃暑た鐃緒申竜鐃緒申鐃緒申任鐃緒申襦�print鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃塾は居申鐃緒申鐃�if-else文鐃叔わ申鐃暑。鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙わ申鐃緒申与鐃緒申鐃緒申譴�S鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃叔にわ申鐃緒せ鐃銃逸申鐃緒申鐃緒申圓鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申任鐃�Atom鐃塾常申鐃緒申print鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申Atom鐃緒申鐃出縁申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃峻わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃叔わ申Cons Cell鐃所ス鐃夙わ申表鐃緒申鐃塾常申鐃緒申pirnt鐃緒申print_list鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申呂鐃緒申鐃�(Figure 27. (1))鐃緒申

print_list鐃緒申Cons Cell鐃薯たどりそ鐃曙ぞ鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申任鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申print鐃緒申鐃俊わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃所ス鐃夙わ申表鐃緒申鐃緒申圓鐃�(Figure 28. (1))鐃緒申

SCM print(SCM sexp, FILE *file)
{
    if (SCM_CONSTANT_P(sexp)) {
        switch(AS_UINT(sexp)) {
        case AS_UINT(SCM_NULL):       fprintf(file, "()"); break;
        case AS_UINT(SCM_FALSE):      fprintf(file, "#f"); break;
        case AS_UINT(SCM_TRUE):       fprintf(file, "#t"); break;
        case AS_UINT(SCM_EOF):        fprintf(file, "#eof"); break;
        case AS_UINT(SCM_UNDEFINED):
            fprintf(file, "#undefined"); break;
        default:
            scheme_error("bad constant"); break;
        }
        return SCM_UNDEFINED;
    }
    if (SYMBOL_P(sexp)) {
        fprintf(file, "%s", SYMBOL_NAME(sexp));
    } else if (INTEGER_P(sexp)) {
        fprintf(file, "%d", INTEGER_VALUE(sexp));
    } else if (STRING_P(sexp)) {
        fprintf(file, "\"%s\"", STRING_VALUE(sexp));
    } else if (CONS_P(sexp)) {
        print_list(sexp, file);                                /*  (1)  */
    } else if (PRIMITIVE_P(sexp)) {
        fprintf(file, "#<primitive %s>", PRIMITIVE_NAME(sexp));
    } else if (CLOSURE_P(sexp)) {
        fprintf(file, "#<closure>");
        print(CLOSURE_ARGS(sexp), file);
        print(CLOSURE_BODY(sexp), file);
    } else if (MACRO_P(sexp)) {
        fprintf(file, "#<macro>");
        print(MACRO_CLOSURE(sexp), file);
    } else {
        printf("print unsupported: %p", sexp);
    }
    return SCM_UNDEFINED;
}

Figure 27. print鐃舜随申(print.c)

static SCM print_list(SCM sexp, FILE *file)
{
    SCM lst = sexp;
    putc('(', file);
    for(;;) {
        print(CAR(lst), file);
        lst = CDR(lst);
        if (NULL_P(lst)) break;
        else if (CONS_P(lst)) putc(' ', file);
        else { fprintf(file, " . "); print(lst, file); break;}   /*  (1)  */
    }
    putc(')', file);
    return SCM_NULL;
}

Figure 28. print_list鐃舜随申(print.c)

4.3.5.鐃縦駈申

鐃縦駈申鐃祝つわ申鐃銃の種申鐃緒申鐃緒申env.c鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申討鐃緒申襦�eval鐃叔プワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申評鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申櫃鐃緒申竸鐃緒申鐃緒申佑鐃緒申鐃出わ申鐃処が鐃縦駈申鐃叔わ申鐃暑。鐃緒申鐃塾わ申鐃緒申超鐃緒申魯鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申廚鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申任鐃緒申鐃夙もい鐃緒申鐃暑。

Figure 29. 鐃縦駈申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃粛わ申鐃緒申个鐃�

鐃緒申鐃瞬鰹申側鐃塾環駈申鐃熟トップワ申戰鐃夙呼ばわ申LISP鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃熟わ申鐃緒申妊鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申丱鐃淑わ申里任鐃緒申襦ｏ申肇奪廛鐃駿ワ申任魯鐃緒申鐃旬ワ申鐃緒申佑鐃緒申鐃緒申舒鐃塾関件申鐃夙なるた鐃潤、鐃緒申鐃緒申椒襪緒申里鐃塾わ申鐃粛わ申鐃熟�申佞鐃緒申襪鰹申箸砲鐃緒申肇奪廛鐃駿ワ申超鐃緒申鐃渋醐申鐃緒申鐃暑。鐃夙ップワ申戰鐃淑鰹申鐃塾環駈申鐃祝つわ申鐃銃は￥申Figure 30.鐃塾よう鐃祝ワ申鐃緒申椒鐃緒申鐃粛のリス鐃夙のペワ申鐃緒申螢刻申箸箸鐃緒申道鐃緒申弔鐃緒申箸砲鐃緒申存鐃緒申鐃緒申襦ｏ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申超鐃緒申鐃�lambda鐃緒申鐃叔プワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申箸鐃緒申忘鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃暑。

environment = ((var1 var2 var3 ...)
                     (val1 val2 val3 ...))
environments =  (environmentN environmentN-1 ... )

Figure 30. 鐃所ス鐃夙にわ申鐃縦駈申鐃塾実醐申鐃緒申法

鐃縦駈申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃�Figure 31.鐃祝￥申鐃緒申鐃塾とわ申鐃塾環駈申鐃塾リス鐃緒申表鐃緒申鐃緒申Figure 32.鐃祝￥申Atom鐃緒申Cons Cell鐃緒申鐃術わ申鐃緒申鐃叔￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申造鐃緒申Figure 33.鐃祝種申鐃緒申鐃緒申(lambda (x) ...)鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃出わ申鐃縦駈申鐃緒申超鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃�(lambda (y) ... )鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃出わ申鐃縦駈申鐃緒申超鐃�2鐃夙わ申鐃暑。鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申任牢超鐃�1鐃祝わ申x鐃緒申20鐃緒申鐃出縁申鐃春わ申鐃緒申譟�申超鐃�2鐃祝わ申y鐃緒申10鐃緒申鐃出縁申鐃春わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申襦ｏ申鐃緒申隆超鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃�(+ x y)鐃緒申評鐃緒申鐃緒申圓鐃緒申伴鐃緒申鐃�(+ 20 10)鐃夙なり、30鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃暑。

Figure 31. lambda鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃出わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃縦駈申鐃緒申鐃夙わ申鐃縦駈申鐃緒申表鐃緒申鐃緒申

( ((y) . (10)) // 鐃縦駈申2
  ((x) . (20)) // 鐃縦駈申1
)

Figure 32. (+ x y)鐃緒申評鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃塾環駈申(鐃所ス鐃緒申表鐃緒申)

Figure 33. (+ x y)鐃緒申評鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃塾環駈申(鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申造)

4.3.6.Static scope

鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃銃ワ申鐃獣ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申(Static scope)鐃夙わ申4.3.5鐃叔種申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃縦駈申鐃緒申箸辰鐃緒申竸鐃緒申鐃緒申佑鐃緒申鐃出わ申鐃緒申法鐃叔わ申鐃暑。鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃叔も示鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙わ申鐃所、鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃銃ワ申鐃獣ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃竣でわ申複鐃緒申鐃塾環駈申鐃緒申同鐃粛わ申鐃術随申鐃緒申鐃夙わ申鐃銃わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃熟￥申鐃緒申鐃祝逸申鐃瞬近い鐃縦駈申鐃緒申鐃粛わ申鐃緒申鐃術わ申鐃暑。鐃殉わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃銃ワ申鐃獣ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃竣わ申lambda鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃粛わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申箸鐃緒申隆超鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃渋醐申鐃緒申鐃塾で￥申鐃竣ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙では￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申箸鐃緒申隆超鐃緒申鐃緒申竸鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申僂任鐃緒申襦�Scheme鐃緒申LISP鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃熟とわ申鐃銃はわ申鐃緒申謄鐃緒申鐃緒申謄鐃緒申奪鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申廚鐃緒申鐃術わ申鐃銃逸申鐃処、鐃緒申鐃淳ではワ申鐃緒申鐃銃ワ申鐃獣ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃竣わ申鐃緒申流鐃叔わ申鐃暑。

鐃緒申鐃緒申箸楼曚覆蝓�申鐃緒申鐃緒申LISP鐃熟ワ申鐃緒申鐃淑ミッワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃竣わ申鐃緒申僂鐃緒申討鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃�lambda鐃緒申鐃叔プワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申呂鐃緒申鐃緒申離鐃緒申鐃緒申匹鐃緒申鐃緒申劼箸鐃緒申動鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃塾環駈申鐃緒申鐃緒申存鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申適鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃塾環駈申鐃緒申鐃術随申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃術わ申鐃銃わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申

鐃旬緒申鐃緒申鐃熟ではワ申鐃緒申鐃銃ワ申鐃獣ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃竣わ申存鐃緒申鐃緒申襪随申鐃祝￥申lambda鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃出わ申鐃竣ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃純が鐃縦駈申鐃緒申鐃緒申存鐃緒申鐃暑。鐃竣ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃純が鐃縦駈申鐃緒申鐃緒申存鐃緒申鐃暑こ鐃夙にわ申蝓�申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申里鐃銃逸申鐃薯スワ申鐃銃ワ申鐃獣ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃竣にわ申鐃暑こ鐃夙わ申鐃叔わ申鐃暑。

4.3.7.評鐃緒申

eval鐃緒申apply鐃緒申eval.c鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申討鐃緒申襦ｏ申鐃緒申鐃緒申呂凌鐃渋￥申鐃淑�申任鐃緒申襦�reader鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃所ス鐃夙わ申鐃潤、評鐃緒申鐃緒申evaluation鐃祝￥申鐃舜随申鐃緒申適鐃緒申鐃緒申apply鐃祝わ申圓鐃緒申鐃�3.1.4鐃緒申Figure 17.鐃緒申鐃緒申拏鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃�

鐃緒申鐃塾種申鐃緒申	評鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申法
鐃所ス鐃緒申	(<鐃舜随申> <鐃緒申鐃緒申> ... <鐃緒申鐃緒申>)鐃塾よう鐃淑関随申鐃銃び出わ申鐃夙みなわ申鐃緒申評鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃暑。
鐃緒申鐃緒申椒鐃�	鐃緒申鐃緒申椒鐃緒申鐃出縁申鐃春わ申鐃緒申譴随申佑鐃緒申鐃出わ申鐃緒申
鐃緒申鐃緒申椒鐃淑鰹申鐃緒申Atom	Atom鐃緒申鐃夙わ申鐃瞬わ申鐃緒申

Figure 34. LISP鐃塾種申鐃緒申評鐃緒申法

eval鐃叔は随申鐃粛のよう鐃緒申即鐃粛やシ鐃緒申椒鐃緒申束鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃曙た鐃粛わ申鐃緒申个鐃緒申鐃緒申蠅刻申鐃�(Figure 35. (1),(2))鐃緒申

鐃殉わ申鐃緒申鐃所ス鐃夙わ申鐃緒申頭鐃緒申atom鐃緒申評鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃粛わ申鐃舜随申鐃夙わ申鐃銃実行わ申鐃暑が鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃塾関随申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃重�申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃祝わ申apply鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃術わ申鐃緒申(Figure 35. (3))鐃緒申apply鐃熟わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃�apply_primitive(Figure 36.)鐃緒申apply_closure(Figure 37.)鐃緒申討喀个鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申隆愎鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃叔わ申鐃緒申鐃�eval鐃緒申鐃銃び出わ申鐃緒申襦�eval鐃緒申apply鐃緒申鐃緒申澪撞鐃緒申討喀个鐃緒申鐃峻わ申鐃淑わ申鐃緒申廛鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃渋行わ申鐃暑。

SCM eval(SCM sexp, SCM env)
{
    SCM kar = SCM_NULL;
    SCM result = NULL;
    struct EvalState state = { env, EVAL_STATUS_RETURN_VALUE};
 eval_loop:
    set_current_sexp(sexp);
    if (SYMBOL_P(sexp)) return symbol_value(sexp, state.env); /*  (2)  */
    if (! CONS_P(sexp)) return sexp;                          /*  (1) */
    if (CONS_P(sexp)) {
        SCM subr;
        state.status = EVAL_STATUS_RETURN_VALUE;
        kar = CAR(sexp);

        if (SYMBOL_P(kar))    { subr = symbol_value(kar, state.env); }
        else if (CONS_P(kar)) { subr = eval(kar, state.env);         }
        result = apply(subr, CDR(sexp), &state, SCM_TRUE); /*  (3)  */
        sexp = result;
        if (state.status == EVAL_STATUS_NEED_EVAL) {
            goto eval_loop;
        }
    }
    return sexp;
}

Figure 35. eval鐃緒申抜鐃緒申(eval.c)

static SCM apply(SCM subr, SCM arg, struct EvalState *state, SCM need_argument_eval)
{
    if (PRIMITIVE_P(subr)) {
        return apply_primitive(subr, arg, state, need_argument_eval);
    } else if (CLOSURE_P(subr)) {
        return apply_closure(subr, arg, state, need_argument_eval);
    }/* ... */ else {
        scheme_error("subroutine type error");
        return NULL;
    }
}

Figure 36. apply鐃緒申抜鐃緒申(eval.c)

static SCM apply_closure(SCM closure, SCM arg, struct EvalState *state, SCM need_argument_eval)
{
    SCM closure_env = NULL;
    SCM result = SCM_NULL;
    SCM evaled_arg = SCM_NULL;
    SCM body = CLOSURE_BODY(closure);

    if (length(CLOSURE_ARGS(closure)) > length(arg)) {
        scheme_error("argument error");
    }
    if (FALSE_P(need_argument_eval) ) { evaled_arg = arg; }
    else { evaled_arg = eval_list(arg, state->env);    }
    closure_env = extend_environment(CLOSURE_ARGS(closure), evaled_arg, CLOSURE_ENV(closure));
    while (! NULL_P(body)) {
        // need_argument_eval鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃銃居申 /*  (1)  */
        if (LIST_1_P(body) && FALSE_P(need_argument_eval)) {
            state->status = EVAL_STATUS_NEED_EVAL;
            state->env=closure_env;
            result = CAR(body);
            break;
        }
        result = eval(CAR(body), closure_env);
        body = CDR(body);
    }
    return result;
}

Figure 37. apply_closure鐃緒申抜鐃緒申(eval.c)

static SCM apply_primitive(SCM subr, SCM arg, struct EvalState *state, SCM need_argument_eval)
{
    if (SPECIAL_FORM_P(subr)) {
        return PRIMITIVE_PROC(subr)(arg, state);
    } else if (LIST_EXPR_P(subr)) {
        SCM evaled_arg;
        if (FALSE_P(need_argument_eval) ) { evaled_arg = arg;
        } else {                            evaled_arg = eval_list(arg, state->env); }
        return PRIMITIVE_PROC(subr)(evaled_arg);
    } else {
        SCM result, evaled_arg;
        if (FALSE_P(need_argument_eval) ) { evaled_arg = arg;
        } else {                            evaled_arg = eval_list(arg, state->env); }
        switch(PRIMITIVE_TYPE(subr)) {
        case PRIMITIVE_TYPE_EXPR_0:
            if (length(arg) != 0)  goto ARG_ERROR;
            result = PRIMITIVE_PROC(subr)();
            break;
        /* ... */
        case PRIMITIVE_TYPE_EXPR_4:
            if (length(arg) != 4)  goto ARG_ERROR;
            result = PRIMITIVE_PROC(subr)(CAR(evaled_arg),
                CADR(evaled_arg), CADDR(evaled_arg), CAR(CDDDR(evaled_arg)));
        case PRIMITIVE_TYPE_EXPR_5:
            if (length(arg) != 5) goto ARG_ERROR;
        default:
            return SCM_NULL;
        }
        return result;
    ARG_ERROR:
        scheme_error("eval unsupported :");
    }
    return SCM_NULL;
}

Figure 38. apply_primitive鐃緒申抜鐃緒申(eval.c)

4.3.8.鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃銃居申鐃塾削申適鐃緒申

Lisp鐃緒申鐃緒申Scheme鐃叔は￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃銃居申鐃塾削申適鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申僂箸鐃緒申憧泙泙鐃銃わ申鐃所、鐃緒申適鐃緒申鐃塾わ申鐃緒申離鐃緒申襯器申螢削申鐃熟わ申鐃緒申eval鐃緒申apply鐃祝居申鐃述わ申鐃暑。

鐃緒申鐃緒申僖鐃緒申襪件申鐃�VM鐃緒申CPU鐃叔実行わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申呂覆匹任蓮鐃緒申撞鐃緒申鐃暑ー鐃竣わ申鐃術器申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃重�申淵鐃緒申襯器申螢削申爐�申鐃緒申僂任鐃緒申襦ｏ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申呂里茲�申鐃�S鐃緒申鐃緒申直鐃旬駕申瓩件申鐃緒申撞鐃緒申縫優鐃緒申謄鐃緒申屮鐃緒申鐃緒申奪鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申僂鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃熟ではわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申法鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃術でわ申鐃淑わ申鐃緒申

鐃緒申辰董鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃塾削申適鐃緒申鐃祝は￥申SIOD鐃淑ど古わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃熟で削申鐃術わ申鐃緒申討鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃祝￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申僂鐃緒申襦ｏ申鐃緒申襯器申螢削申鐃熟￥申鐃叔醐申鐃宿常申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃所ス鐃夙をいっわ申鐃緒申eval鐃緒申鐃瞬わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃塾リス鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃�eval鐃緒申鐃暑こ鐃夙にわ申辰銅存鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃�(Figure 38. (1))鐃緒申Figure 39.鐃熟わ申鐃塾ワ申鐃暑ゴ鐃所ズ鐃緒申離鐃緒申鐃緒申奪鐃緒申任鐃緒申襦�

末尾再帰最適化アルゴリズムのスケッチ（a、bはそれぞれ10、5が束縛されている場合)

Figure 39. 鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃銃居申鐃緒申適鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃暑ゴ鐃所ズ鐃緒申離鐃緒申鐃緒申奪鐃緒申鐃�a鐃緒申b鐃熟わ申鐃曙ぞ鐃緒申10鐃緒申5鐃緒申束鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申討鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃�)

鐃所ス鐃夙の削申評鐃緒申鐃緒申評鐃緒申鐃緒申必鐃竣わ申鐃宿わ申鐃緒申鐃塾フラグ鐃叔器申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃暑。鐃春ラグ鐃緒申鐃粛を示わ申鐃緒申鐃�(Figure39,40.鐃叔わ申is as value鐃緒申鐃竣ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃叔わ申EVAL_STATUS_RETURN_VALUE鐃祝の常申鐃緒申apply鐃舜随申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申佑鐃緒申佑箸澆覆鐃緒申鐃緒申里泙沺鐃�eval鐃舜随申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申佑箸鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃宿常申鐃緒申鮗┐鐃緒申鐃緒申(Figure 39,40.鐃塾常申鐃緒申is need eval鐃緒申鐃竣ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃叔わ申EVAL_STATUS_NEED_EVAL鐃祝の常申鐃熟削申評鐃緒申鐃緒申圓鐃緒申鐃�

鐃緒申鐃塾削申評鐃緒申鐃塾環駈申鐃熟最醐申離螢刻申箸鐃宿常申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃塾環駈申鐃夙逸申鐃竣わ申鐃銃わ申鐃緒申必鐃竣わ申鐃緒申鐃暑た鐃潤、鐃緒申鐃初か鐃緒申鐃緒申法鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃術わ申鐃緒申超鐃緒申鮨靴鐃緒申鐃緒申超鐃緒申帽鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃宿�申廚鐃緒申鐃緒申襦ｏ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃熟でわ申eval鐃舜随申鐃塾逸申鐃緒申鐃祝は環駈申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃�eval鐃舜随申鐃緒申鐃初い鐃獣わ申鐃緒申鐃潤す鐃緒申鐃祝環駈申鐃薯更随申鐃緒申鐃銃わ申鐃緒申(Figure 40.)鐃緒申

Figure 40. 鐃縦駈申鐃塾刻申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃塾醐申鐃緒申鐃緒申椶鐃緒申鐃銃逸申鐃塾ワ申鐃緒申鐃獣ワ申

LISP鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃塾わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃銃居申鐃塾削申適鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃出縁申鐃緒申鐃緒申砲蓮鐃緒申端鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃銃とプワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申撞鐃緒申虜鐃重�申鐃緒申鐃峻わ申鐃処う鐃緒申鐃術刻申鐃緒申鐃緒申个茲わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃熟￥申LISP鐃塾プワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃熟最緒申的鐃祝わ申鐃獣種申鐃緒申鐃緒申肇廛鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申弔隆愎鐃緒申亮孫圓亡鐃緒申鵑気鐃暑か鐃緒申任鐃緒申襦�

4.4.GC鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申

4.3.1鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃処う鐃緒申Cell鐃塾鰹申鐃楯に関わ申鐃銃わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申襦ｏ申鐃緒申鐃重�申砲鐃�alloc.c鐃祝わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申Cell鐃塾鰹申鐃楯わ申GC鐃緒申圓鐃緒申鐃渋鰹申鐃緒申魑Ⅸ劼鐃緒申襦ｏ申覆鐃�GC鐃祝わ申鐃楯種申的鐃殉￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申疋鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃�GC鐃緒申鐃緒申僂鐃緒申襦�

4.4.1.Cell allocator

GC鐃叔わ申動的鐃祝鰹申鐃楯わ申鐃緒申鐃叔￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃銃器申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申必鐃竣わ申鐃緒申鐃暑。鐃緒申鐃塾わ申鐃潤、GC鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃術わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申砲鐃�GC鐃緒申鐃出縁申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃術のワ申鐃所ア鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申離鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申僂鐃緒申鐃宿�申廚鐃緒申襦ｏ申鐃緒申里鐃緒申鐃�Cell鐃緒申鐃緒申櫃鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申僂離鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃暑。

鐃緒申鐃緒申Cell鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃熟逸申鐃駿わ申鐃緒申鐃縮のヒ￥申鐃竣わ申鐃緒申櫃鐃緒申鐃�Cell鐃緒申単鐃縮わ申鐃准わ申鐃緒申蠅刻申鐃緒申鐃夙みわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申討鐃緒申襦ｏ申辧鐃緒申廚虜能鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃叔わ申謄辧鐃緒申廛據鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃�free Cell鐃塾器申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃術わ申鐃銃わ申鐃暑。

Cell鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃叔わ申free Cell鐃塾残わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申0鐃祝なわ申箸泙鐃�GC鐃緒申Cell鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃暑。鐃緒申鐃塾醐申free Cell鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申幣鐃緒申鐃緒申任鐃緒申覆鐃緒申辰鐃緒申鐃順、malloc鐃叔ヒ￥申鐃竣わ申鐃宿加鰹申鐃楯わ申鐃銃￥申free Cell鐃緒申鐃宿加わ申鐃暑。

Figure 41. Cell鐃塾器申鐃緒申

4.4.2.鐃殉￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申疋鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃�

GC鐃塾種申鐃緒申鐃祝わ申鐃楯種申的鐃殉￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申疋鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申廚鐃緒申鐃緒申僂鐃緒申襦ｏ申歇鐃重�申鐃�GC鐃塾種申鐃緒申法鐃祝つわ申鐃銃は種申鐃塾章わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申圓鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申任呂鐃緒申隆鐃緒申辰任鐃緒申鐃殉￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申疋鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申廚亮鐃緒申鐃緒申砲弔鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃峻わ申鐃緒申

鐃殉￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申疋鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃�GC鐃夙は種申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃淑鰹申鐃塾ワ申鐃暑ゴ鐃所ズ鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申僂鐃緒申鐃�GC鐃叔わ申鐃暑。

鐃緒申鐃銃の使わ申鐃銃わ申鐃緒申Cell鐃祝マ￥申鐃緒申鐃薯する。
鐃殉￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃春わ申鐃銃わ申鐃淑わ申Cell鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃暑。

鐃淑駕申鐃塾わ申鐃緒申動鐃緒申鐃旬わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃銃わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申

鐃殉￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申疋鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申廚妊沺鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃峻わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙なるオ鐃瞬ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙わ申Root鐃夙わ申屐鐃�LISP鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃熟でわ申Root鐃夙なるオ鐃瞬ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙わ申鐃粛わ申束鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申討鐃緒申襯件申鐃旬ル、鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃出ワ申鐃術随申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃曙たCell鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃楯種申的GC鐃緒申鐃出象となわ申泪鐃緒申鵐好鐃緒申奪鐃緒申肇譽醐申鐃緒申鐃緒申砲鐃緒申鐃�Cell鐃叔わ申鐃暑。GC鐃叔はまわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃�Root鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃叔わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃銃のワ申鐃瞬ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙にマ￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申弔鐃緒申討鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申亮鐃緒申魯沺鐃緒申鐃緒申里弔鐃緒申討鐃緒申覆鐃緒申鐃緒申屮鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申箸硫鐃緒申鐃緒申圓鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申董鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃叔わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃瞬ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃祝縁申鐃緒申鐃銃ヒ￥申鐃竣の鰹申張鐃緒申圓鐃緒申鐃�

static void scheme_gc(void)
{
    int collect_cells;
    gc_mark_stack();
    gc_mark_symbol_table();
    /* ... */
    collect_cells = gc_sweep();
    /* ... */
    if (collect_cells < 600) {
        add_heap();
    }
    current_search_page = page_list;
}

Figure 42. scheme_gc鐃緒申抜鐃緒申(alloc.c)

鐃緒申鐃瞬ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙のマ￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申圓鐃�gc_mark_object鐃叔わ申Root鐃夙なるオ鐃瞬ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙わ申鐃緒申忘撞鐃重�申縫螢刻申箸鬚燭匹螢�申屮鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申箸縫沺鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申討鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申任鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申屮鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申箸鐃�Cell鐃塾わ申鐃夙でわ申鐃暑。鐃緒申鐃緒申笋刻申任縫沺鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申弔鐃緒申討鐃緒申襯�申屮鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申箸呂鐃緒申鐃淑常申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃淑わ申鐃処う鐃祝はわ申鐃緒申鐃銃わ申鐃緒申(Figure 43. (1))鐃緒申鐃殉わ申鐃緒申Cell鐃緒申鐃緒申侶鐃緒申砲鐃緒申錣誌申銅鐃緒申離鐃緒申屮鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申箸悗鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃祝￥申鐃緒申僂鐃緒申討鐃緒申鐃�(Figure 43. (2))鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申房鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申襯�申屮鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申箸鐃緒申劼箸弔砲覆辰鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃�goto分鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃銃居申鐃塾削申適鐃緒申鐃緒申圓鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申奪鐃緒申両鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃殉わ申鐃銃わ申鐃緒申(Figure 43. (3))鐃緒申

鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃瞬ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙の駕申鐃緒申鐃峻わ申gc_sweep鐃叔は各ヒ￥申鐃竣ペ￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃殉￥申鐃緒申鐃塾つわ申鐃銃わ申鐃淑わ申Cell鐃緒申Freelist鐃緒申鐃宿加わ申鐃緒申(Figure 44. (1))鐃緒申鐃殉￥申鐃緒申鐃塾つわ申鐃銃わ申鐃緒申Cell鐃熟マ￥申鐃緒申鐃薯外わ申鐃銃￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申硫鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃銃わ申鐃緒申(Figure 44. (2))鐃緒申

static void gc_mark_object(SCM obj)
{
 loop:
    if (obj == NULL) return;
    /*  (1)  */
    if (SCM_CONSTANT_P(obj)) return ; /* scm constant is not marking */
    if (FREE_CELL_P(obj)) return ; /* free cell is not marking */
    if (GC_MARK_P(obj)) return ; /* already marked. */
    
    GC_MARK(obj);
    /*  (2)  */
    if (CONS_P(obj)) {
        gc_mark_object(CAR(obj));
        obj = CDR(obj);
        goto loop; /*  (3)  */
    } else if (INTEGER_P(obj)) {
        return ;
    } else if (SYMBOL_P(obj)) {
        gc_mark_object(SYMBOL_VCELL(obj));
    } else if (STRING_P(obj)) {
        return ;
    } else if (PRIMITIVE_P(obj)) {
        return ;
    } else if (CLOSURE_P(obj)) {
        gc_mark_object(CLOSURE_ARGS(obj));
        gc_mark_object(CLOSURE_BODY(obj));
        obj = CLOSURE_ENV(obj);
        goto loop; /*  (3)  */
    } else if (MACRO_P(obj)) {
        obj = MACRO_CLOSURE(obj);
        goto loop; /*  (3)  */
    }
}

Figure 43. gc_mark_object鐃緒申抜鐃緒申(alloc.c)

static int gc_sweep(void) {
    SCM page = page_list;
    int collect = 0;
    gc_sweep_symbol_table_free_cell_remove();
    while(page != NULL) {
        SCM cell = page;
        SCM last_cell = page + ALLOCATE_HEAP_PAGE_OBJECT_SIZE - 1;
        while (AS_UINT(cell) <= AS_UINT(last_cell)) {
            if (FREE_CELL_P(cell)) { /* through */
            } else if (GC_MARK_P(cell)) {
                if (! GC_FOREVER_MARK_P(cell)) { GC_UNMARK(cell); }  /*  (2)  */
            } else { /* unmarked */                                  /*  (1)  */
                cell_finalize(cell);
                int cell_index = 0;
                if (PAGES_FREE_CELL_LIST(page) != NULL) {
                    cell_index = AS_UINT(FREE_CELL_INDEX(PAGES_FREE_CELL_LIST(page)));
                }
                cell_index++;
                FREE_CELL_CONSTRUCT(cell, AS_SCM(cell_index), PAGES_FREE_CELL_LIST(page));
                PAGES_FREE_CELL_LIST(page) = cell;
                free_cell_total_size++;
                collect++;
            }
            cell++;
        }
        page = NEXT_PAGE(page);
    }
    return collect;
}

Figure 44. gc_sweep鐃緒申抜鐃緒申(alloc.c)

4.4.3.鐃楯種申的GC鐃緒申鐃緒申法

鐃楯種申的鐃緒申GC鐃夙はワ申鐃緒申鐃獣ワ申鐃緒申鐃宿レス鐃緒申鐃緒申箸覆匹鐃緒申鐃緒申辧鐃緒申廚乏鐃緒申櫃鐃緒申鐃�GC鐃塾器申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃祝わ申鐃暑オ鐃瞬ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙をさわ申鐃銃わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申法鐃緒申鐃緒申離鐃緒申屮鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申箸鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃叔わ申鐃緒申塙佑鐃�GC鐃緒申圓鐃緒申鐃祝￥申任鐃緒申襦ｏ申鐃緒申里鐃�GC鐃夙は異なり、鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申離鐃緒申屮鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申箸蕕件申鐃緒申鐃塾は駕申鐃緒申鐃峻わ申覆鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申歇鐃重�申噺討个鐃暑。

C鐃緒申鐃緒申覆匹妊鐃緒申鐃緒申奪鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃塾ワ申鐃宿レス鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申法鐃�LISP鐃緒申圓鐃緒申廛鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃銃�申妊鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申竸鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃暑。鐃緒申鐃塾ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃術随申鐃塾ワ申鐃宿レス鐃薯スワ申鐃獣ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申離鐃緒申疋譽刻申箸鐃緒申襦�

#define SCHEME_STACK_INITIALIZE                        \
  SCM __dummy_scheme_stack_start_object;           \
  stack_initialize(&__dummy_scheme_stack_start_object)

Figure 45. 鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃獣ワ申鐃塾緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙器申鐃�(scheme.h)

int main(int argc, char **argv) {
    {
        SCHEME_STACK_INITIALIZE;
        scheme_initialize();
            read_eval_print_loop();
        scheme_finalize();
        exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
    }
}

Figure 46. 鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃獣ワ申鐃塾緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙器申鐃�(main.c)

鐃緒申鐃祝ワ申鐃緒申鐃獣ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申端鐃塾ワ申鐃宿レス鐃塾鰹申鐃楯わ申鐃暑た鐃緒申法鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申奪鐃緒申鐃�GC鐃緒申圓鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申匹鐃縦常申鐃緒申鐃緒申竸鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃塾最醐申縫鐃緒申鐃緒申奪鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃獣種申離鐃緒申疋譽刻申粒鐃緒申櫃鐃緒申襪随申鐃塾ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃術随申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申襦ｏ申鐃緒申離鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申竸鐃緒申離鐃緒申疋譽刻申鬟好鐃緒申奪鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃獣種申離鐃緒申疋譽刻申箸鐃緒申襦�

鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃獣ワ申鐃緒申鐃宿レス鐃熟わ申鐃緒申納鐃緒申鐃緒申任鐃緒申鐃緒申里納鐃緒申縫譽醐申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申討鐃緒申鐃渋醐申鐃峻わ申(Figure 47. (1))鐃緒申鐃曙ジ鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃銃わ申鐃緒申存鐃緒申鐃緒申砲鐃�C鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃宿醐申鐃初イ鐃瞬ワ申鐃緒申setjmp鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃術わ申鐃暑。jmp_buf鐃薯スワ申鐃獣ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申端鐃塾ワ申鐃宿レス鐃塾鰹申鐃楯わ申鐃暑た鐃緒申離鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申竸鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃暑。鐃緒申鐃楯わ申鐃緒申jmp_buf鐃緒申鐃出わ申鐃緒申setjmp鐃舜随申鐃緒申孫圓鐃緒申鐃緒申譽醐申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙わ申jmp_buf鐃緒申鐃緒申存鐃緒申鐃緒申(Figure 47. (2))鐃緒申

鐃叔醐申砲鐃緒申鐃緒申両鐃緒申鵑�鐃殉ワ申鐃藷スワ申鐃獣ワ申鐃緒申鐃熟囲わ申鐃潤、鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃塾逸申鐃緒申佑鐃�GC鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃銃わ申鐃緒申辧鐃緒申廚離鐃緒申疋譽刻申鐃緒申辰鐃緒申鐃緒申gc_mark_object鐃緒申孫圓鐃緒申襦�

static void gc_mark_stack(void) {
    jmp_buf save_register_for_gc_mark;
    void *start;
    void *end;
    int i;
    void *end_of_stack;
    /* (2) register value dump */
    setjmp(save_register_for_gc_mark);
    /* (1) 鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃獣ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申端鐃緒申録 */
    SCHEME_SET_STACK_END(&end_of_stack);
    if (AS_UINT(stack_start) < AS_UINT(stack_end)) {
        start = stack_start;  end = stack_end;
    } else {
        start = stack_end;   end = stack_start;
    }
    /* 鐃楯種申的GC鐃緒申圓鐃� */
    for (i = 0; i < sizeof(void *); i++) { gc_mark_memory(start, end, i); }
    return ;
}

Figure 47. 鐃楯種申的GC鐃塾ワ申鐃緒申鐃獣ワ申鐃塾逸申肇譽醐申鐃緒申鐃緒申亮鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙器申鐃�(alloc.c)

static void gc_mark_memory(void *start, void *end, int offset) {
    SCM *obj;
    for (obj = (SCM *) (char *) start + offset; (void *) obj < end; obj++) {
        gc_mark_maybe_object(*obj);
    }
}

Figure 48. 鐃楯種申的GC鐃緒申抜鐃緒申(alloc.c)

5.評鐃緒申

鐃緒申鐃初い鐃殉わし鐃舜随申鐃塾実刻申鐃緒申鐃渋常申離鐃緒申鵐織廛螢随申鐃緒申鐃俊わ申圓鐃緒申鐃緒申泙鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃熟の削申鐃緒申鐃緒申GC鐃塾削申鐃緒申鐃塾件申鐃舜件申鐃緒申鐃楯種申鐃緒申動廚鐃緒申砲弔鐃緒申鐃宿常申鐃緒申鐃峻わ申鐃緒申

5.1.鐃緒申能鐃緒申鐃�

鐃緒申能鐃緒申咾鬚燭蕕わ申泙錣件申愎鐃緒申亮孫垰鐃緒申屬砲鐃緒申圓鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃出象にわ申同鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃藷タプリタ鐃緒申Scheme鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃熟わ申SigScheme[3]鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃術わ申鐃暑。

Figure 49. 鐃緒申鐃初い鐃殉わし鐃舜随申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃�

鐃緒申咾鐃緒申鐃緒申僂鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申匹鮗┐鐃緒申鐃�

(define tak
 (lambda (x y z)
   (cond ((< y x)
          (tak (tak (- x 1) y z)
               (tak (- y 1) z x)
               (tak (- z 1) x y)))
         (#t y))))
(tak 10 5 0)
(exit 0)

Figure 50. tarai.scm

(set! tak
      (lambda (x y z)
        (cond ((< y x)
               (tak (tak (- x 1) y z)
                    (tak (- y 1) z x)
                    (tak (- z 1) x y)))
              (#t y))))
(tak 10 5 0)
(exit 0)

Figure 51. tarai.lisp

鐃渋行件申未鐃淑駕申鐃祝種申鐃緒申鐃緒申

% time cat tarai.scm | sscm > /dev/null
cat tarai.scm  0.01s user 0.00s system 71% cpu 0.017 total
sscm > /dev/null  0.69s user 0.07s system 98% cpu 0.774 total

Figure 52. SigScheme鐃塾実行件申鐃�

% time cat tarai.lisp | ./thesischeme > /dev/null
cat tarai.lisp  0.00s user 0.00s system 19% cpu 0.020 total
./thesischeme > /dev/null  5.82s user 0.04s system 97% cpu 5.990 total

Figure 53. 鐃緒申鐃庶し鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申(HeapSize=500)

% time cat tarai.lisp | ./thesischeme > /dev/null
cat tarai.lisp  0.00s user 0.01s system 20% cpu 0.040 total
./thesischeme > /dev/null  4.52s user 0.06s system 95% cpu 4.810 total

Figure 54. 鐃緒申鐃庶し鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申(HeapSize=1000)

% time cat tarai.lisp | ./thesischeme > /dev/null
cat tarai.lisp  0.00s user 0.00s system 35% cpu 0.011 total
./thesischeme > /dev/null  2.14s user 0.02s system 99% cpu 2.173 total

Figure 55. 鐃緒申鐃庶し鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申(HeapSize=5000)

鐃緒申鐃塾件申未鐃所、鐃緒申鐃駿に鰹申鐃楯わ申鐃緒申辧鐃緒申廛鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申腓㍼申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃循わ申速鐃駿わ申鐃出るこ鐃夙わ申鐃緒か鐃暑。鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃述￥申鐃竣ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃順き鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃銃わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申呂鐃�SigScheme鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃�2鐃旬以常申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申戮鐃緒申鐃緒申箸鐃緒申錣�申襦�

5.2.鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申呂鐃�GC鐃塾件申鐃舜件申

鐃縮常申慮鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃熟はワ申鐃所ア鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃書源を握ってわ申鐃緒申伐鐃緒申蠅刻申襦ｏ申鐃緒申離鐃緒申螢�申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃殉む記鐃緒申鐃塾逸申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申个鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申廚淵鐃緒申鐃緒申動的鐃祝駕申鐃緒申鐃緒申襪�申鐃緒申鐃緒申譴�申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申襪�申鐃粛わ申鐃暑。鐃緒申鐃緒申噺鐃緒申譴�申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃祝は醐申鐃緒申傍鐃緒申鐃緒申琉鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申魄靴鐃緒申鐃叔緒申鐃宿�申廚箸覆襦ｏ申鐃緒申鐃熟醐申鐃曙が鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申團紂種申鐃緒申竜鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃駿わ申鐃純く鐃淑るた鐃潤、鐃緒申鐃緒申戮旅發わ申廛鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃淳ング醐申鐃緒申砲呂佞鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申覆鐃緒申鐃叔緒申任鐃緒申襦ｏ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申辰董鐃�GC鐃塾逸申存鐃駿は醐申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃駿と器申連鐃緒申鐃緒申塙佑鐃緒申鐃緒申襦�

鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃塾逸申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申聾鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃竣求さ鐃曙記鐃緒申鐃塾逸申鐃緒申呂鐃緒申个匹里茲�申兵鐃祝￥申鐃夙ってわ申茲わ申屮鐃獣ワ申鐃旬ッワ申鐃緒申鐃祝なってる。鐃緒申鐃塾わ申鐃潤ア鐃暑ゴ鐃所ズ鐃緒申硫鐃緒申匹覆匹鐃緒申伴鐃緒申帽圓鐃緒申襦ｏ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申譴�申弋瓩刻申覽㍼申鐃緒申琉鐃祝逸申鐃緒申竜鐃渋�(同鐃曙サ鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃淑わ申)鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃順、鐃緒申鐃暑ゴ鐃所ズ鐃緒申慮鐃塾�申鐃緒申鐃緒申泙鐃暑。

鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃獣て居申鐃緒申鐃塾逸申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申聾鐃緒申鐃塾逸申鐃緒申鐃叔￥申鐃緒申鐃祝逸申存鐃緒申鐃暑。鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃塾逸申鐃緒申鐃緒申砲鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃瞬はプワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申沺鐃緒申鐃緒申藐�申鐃緒申予鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申里鐃緒申鐃緒申襪随申瓠�申鐃緒申了鐃緒申屬鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃叔はなわ申鐃出わ申弔鐃緒申鐃緒申魯廛鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申孫垰鐃緒申離螢�申襯随申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申襦ｏ申鐃緒申里鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申孫圓亡悗鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鵑�鐃緒申鐃緒申隋�申鐃緒申鐃緒申琉鐃塾種申法鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃藷が課わ申鐃緒申鐃暑こ鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃暑。

5.3.鐃竣ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃楯種申

鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申呂鐃�GC鐃夙の逸申存鐃舜件申鐃緒申鐃塾醐申鐃緒申鐃夙￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃熟に随申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃叔￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申造鐃緒申鐃宿加わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申隋�申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申襦種申箸鐃緒申媛辰鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申里鐃�GC鐃祝種申鐃獣わ申鐃緒申必鐃竣わ申鐃緒申鐃暑こ鐃夙わ申鐃緒か鐃暑。鐃暑ー鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申側鐃叔ワ申鵐�肇螢刻申箸覆匹粘鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃出わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申儿鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申蝓�申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申如鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃渋わ申里箸鐃緒申里鐃�GC鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申个茲わ申鐃緒申箸鐃緒申錣�申襦ｏ申泙鐃�GC鐃緒申鐃術刻申鐃緒申鐃緒申gc_mark_object鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃述とつでわ申鐃緒申里如鐃�GC鐃緒申属鐃塾醐申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申呂鐃緒申歇鐃塾ワ申鐃緒申鐃夙は醐申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申呂里澆両鐃緒申鐃緒申歇鐃塾ワ申鐃緒申鐃夙と限わ申覆鐃緒申瓩わ申鐃緒申箸鐃緒申鐃渋�申任鐃緒申襦�

6.鐃殉とわ申

GC鐃緒申属鐃緒申LISP鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃熟わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃祝わ申蝓�申歇鐃重�GC鐃緒申鐃緒申僂鐃緒申鐃渋わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃熟わ申GC鐃熟器申鐃緒申鐃緒申分離鐃緒申鐃銃種申鐃緒申鐃緒申圓鐃緒申襪鰹申箸鐃緒申認鐃叔わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃殉￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申疋鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃�GC鐃淑鰹申鐃緒申GC鐃塾ワ申鐃暑ゴ鐃所ズ鐃緒申鐃緒申歇鐃重�申任覆鐃�GC鐃塾常申鐃緒申同鐃粛わ申分離鐃緒申鐃銃種申鐃緒申鐃緒申圓鐃緒申襪�申亮他擇鐃緒申任鐃緒申覆鐃緒申辰鐃緒申鐃�

GC鐃塾ワ申鐃暑ゴ鐃所ズ鐃緒申砲鐃緒申廛鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃淳ングワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申砲匹里茲�申鐃緒申鐃緒申造鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申襪�申鬚△蕕�申鐃緒申鐃緒申認鐃叔わ申鐃緒申弌鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃�GC鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申覲��申圓砲箸辰童鐃緒申僂鐃所が鐃緒申鐃巡す鐃緒申鐃淑る。

鐃緒申鐃緒申慮鐃緒申鐃叔削申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃熟は逸申鐃緒申鐃緒申GC鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃叔わ申鐃淑わ申鐃獣わ申鐃緒申鐃潤、鐃盾う鐃述とつわ申鐃緒申鐃重�申鐃�GC鐃叔わ申鐃暑コ鐃峻￥申GC鐃塾種申鐃緒申鐃緒申圓鐃緒申鐃緒申箸筺�GC鐃塾実行誌申鐃瞬わ申分鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃銃リア鐃暑タ鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申紊居申鐃緒申鐃所ア鐃暑タ鐃緒申鐃緒申GC鐃淑どの種申鐃緒申鐃緒申圓鐃緒申鐃緒申箸鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃塾醐申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃叔わ申鐃暑。

7.鐃緒申鐃緒申文鐃緒申

[1] Revised5 Report on the Algorithmic Language Scheme http://schemers.org/Documents/Standards/R5RS/HTML/
[2] SIOD: Scheme in One Defun http://www.cs.indiana.edu/scheme-repository/imp/siod.html
[3] sigscheme http://code.google.com/p/sigscheme/
[4] 鐃竣ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申潺鵐宛鐃緒申鐃�SCHEME R.鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃� 鐃叔ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申村鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃峻ワ申鐃緒申鐃藷エデュケ鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃�
[5] ANSI Common Lisp 鐃楯￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃曙ア鐃緒申鐃緒申, 鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申 , 鐃旬駕申哲鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃峻ワ申鐃緒申鐃藷エデュケ鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃�
[6] 鐃竣誌申鐃緒申鐃竣ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃塾刻申造鐃夙駕申鐃� 鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃宿￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃殉ワ申 , 鐃緒申鐃緒申蝓� 鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃殉ワ申 , 鐃熟ワ申鐃緒申鐃� 鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃瞬ルソ鐃緒申鐃緒申, 鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃術逸申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃峻ワ申鐃緒申鐃藷エデュケ鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃�
[7] Ruby鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃宿器申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申 HTML鐃緒申 http://i.loveruby.net/ja/rhg/book/
[8] GC FAQ draft http://www.iecc.com/gclist/GC-faq.html
[9] Slides for talk on memory allocation myths. http://www.hpl.hp.com/personal/Hans_Boehm/gc/myths.ps
[10] McCarthy's Original Lisp http://lib.store.yahoo.net/lib/paulgraham/jmc.lisp

鐃緒申録1 鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申LISP鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃熟のワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申

thesischeme.tar.gz