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Nature speaks to theoretical physicists to explore the real theories that inspired the hit series. Warning: contains spoilers.

Andrew Robinson reviews five of the best science picks.

Some cycads warm up their reproductive organs to attract specially equipped pollinating beetles in the dark.

The COVID-19 pandemic, Ebola, mpox and AIDS all show the importance of strengthening Africa-wide surveillance and response systems that protect everyone.

The rise of AI scientists, missions to explore the moons of Earth and Mars and a massive ocean-floor drill are among the developments set to shape research in 2026.

With so little money to go round, the costs of competing for grants can exceed what the grants are worth. When that happens, nobody wins.

Unexpected behaviours in G proteins could be exploited to design next-generation opioid drugs that provide stronger, longer-lasting pain relief.

A unique archaeological site at Pompeii, Italy, reveals the secrets of peculiarly durable Roman building materials.

Tiny genetic variations between humans, Neanderthals and Denisovans might not be all they were cracked up to be.

Key mutations and animal spread could raise the risk to humans.

Using lipid nanoparticle delivery of mRNAs to the liver in aged mice, T cell function and declining immune cues can be restored.

Development and application of the integrated linkage disequilibrium score (iLDS) reveals both selective pressures impacting the human gut microbiome and the mechanisms by which gut bacteria adapt to meet them.

Mu opioid receptor agonists with a preference for the non-GTP-bound state of the G protein promote GTP release, thereby potentiating antinociceptive effects of drugs such as morphine and fentanyl without also increasing their respiratory or cardiac effects.

An architecture inspired by Hopfield networks based on a programmable, stable, room-temperature optoelectronic oscillator-based photonics Ising machine is introduced that can be used to efficiently address optimization and combinatorics problems.

The 4D Nucleome Project demonstrates the use of genomic assays and computational methods to measure genome folding and then predict genomic structure from DNA sequence, facilitating the discovery of potential effects of genetic variants, including variants associated with disease, on genome structure and function.