Contents
Preface
�Goals
�Haskell 2010: language and libraries
�Extensions to Haskell 98
�Haskell Resources
�Building the language
I��The Haskell 2010 Language
1 Introduction
�1.1 Program Structure
�1.2 The Haskell Kernel
�1.3 Values and Types
�1.4 Namespaces
2 Lexical Structure
�2.1 Notational Conventions
�2.2 Lexical Program Structure
�2.3 Comments
�2.4 Identifiers and Operators
�2.5 Numeric Literals
�2.6 Character and String Literals
�2.7 Layout
3 Expressions
�3.1 Errors
�3.2 Variables, Constructors, Operators, and Literals
�3.3 Curried Applications and Lambda Abstractions
�3.4 Operator Applications
�3.5 Sections
�3.6 Conditionals
�3.7 Lists
�3.8 Tuples
�3.9 Unit Expressions and Parenthesized Expressions
�3.10 Arithmetic Sequences
�3.11 List Comprehensions
�3.12 Let Expressions
�3.13 Case Expressions
�3.14 Do Expressions
�3.15 Datatypes with Field Labels
�3.16 Expression Type-Signatures
�3.17 Pattern Matching
4 Declarations and Bindings
�4.1 Overview of Types and Classes
�4.2 User-Defined Datatypes
�4.3 Type Classes and Overloading
�4.4 Nested Declarations
�4.5 Static Semantics of Function and Pattern Bindings
�4.6 Kind Inference
5 Modules
�5.1 Module Structure
�5.2 Export Lists
�5.3 Import Declarations
�5.4 Importing and Exporting Instance Declarations
�5.5 Name Clashes and Closure
�5.6 Standard Prelude
�5.7 Separate Compilation
�5.8 Abstract Datatypes
6 Predefined Types and Classes
�6.1 Standard Haskell Types
�6.2 Strict Evaluation
�6.3 Standard Haskell Classes
�6.4 Numbers
7 Basic Input/Output
�7.1 Standard I/O Functions
�7.2 Sequencing I/O Operations
�7.3 Exception Handling in the I/O Monad
8 Foreign Function Interface
�8.1 Foreign Languages
�8.2 Contexts
�8.3 Lexical Structure
�8.4 Foreign Declarations
�8.5 Specification of External Entities
�8.6 Marshalling
�8.7 The External C Interface
9 Standard Prelude
�9.1 Prelude PreludeList
�9.2 Prelude PreludeText
�9.3 Prelude PreludeIO
10 Syntax Reference
�10.1 Notational Conventions
�10.2 Lexical Syntax
�10.3 Layout
�10.4 Literate comments
�10.5 Context-Free Syntax
�10.6 Fixity Resolution
11 Specification of Derived Instances
�11.1 Derived instances of Eq and Ord
�11.2 Derived instances of Enum
�11.3 Derived instances of Bounded
�11.4 Derived instances of Read and Show
�11.5 An Example
12 Compiler Pragmas
�12.1 Inlining
�12.2 Specialization
�12.3 Language extensions
II��The Haskell 2010 Libraries
13 Control.Monad
�13.1 Functor and monad classes
�13.2 Functions
14 Data.Array
�14.1 Immutable non-strict arrays
�14.2 Array construction
�14.3 Accessing arrays
�14.4 Incremental array updates
�14.5 Derived arrays
�14.6 Specification
15 Data.Bits
16 Data.Char
�16.1 Characters and strings
�16.2 Character classification
�16.3 Case conversion
�16.4 Single digit characters
�16.5 Numeric representations
�16.6 String representations
17 Data.Complex
�17.1 Rectangular form
�17.2 Polar form
�17.3 Conjugate
�17.4 Specification
18 Data.Int
�18.1 Signed integer types
19 Data.Ix
�19.1 The Ix class
�19.2 Deriving Instances of Ix
20 Data.List
�20.1 Basic functions
�20.2 List transformations
�20.3 Reducing lists (folds)
�20.4 Building lists
�20.5 Sublists
�20.6 Searching lists
�20.7 Indexing lists
�20.8 Zipping and unzipping lists
�20.9 Special lists
�20.10 Generalized functions
21 Data.Maybe
�21.1 The Maybe type and operations
�21.2 Specification
22 Data.Ratio
�22.1 Specification
23 Data.Word
�23.1 Unsigned integral types
24 Foreign
25 Foreign.C
26 Foreign.C.Error
�26.1 Haskell representations of errno values
27 Foreign.C.String
�27.1 C strings
�27.2 C wide strings
28 Foreign.C.Types
�28.1 Representations of C types
29 Foreign.ForeignPtr
�29.1 Finalised data pointers
30 Foreign.Marshal
31 Foreign.Marshal.Alloc
�31.1 Memory allocation
32 Foreign.Marshal.Array
�32.1 Marshalling arrays
33 Foreign.Marshal.Error
34 Foreign.Marshal.Utils
�34.1 General marshalling utilities
35 Foreign.Ptr
�35.1 Data pointers
�35.2 Function pointers
�35.3 Integral types with lossless conversion to and from pointers
36 Foreign.StablePtr
�36.1 Stable references to Haskell values
37 Foreign.Storable
38 Numeric
�38.1 Showing
�38.2 Reading
�38.3 Miscellaneous
39 System.Environment
40 System.Exit
41 System.IO
�41.1 The IO monad
�41.2 Files and handles
�41.3 Opening and closing files
�41.4 Operations on handles
�41.5 Text input and output
42 System.IO.Error
�42.1 I/O errors
�42.2 Types of I/O error
�42.3 Throwing and catching I/O errors
Bibliography