tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1014136799609703422024-12-27T06:14:12.931+08:00看不见的西藏~唯色Unknown[email protected]Blogger2542125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-101413679960970342.post-17545464007308760772024-07-06T03:41:00.000+08:002024-07-06T03:41:11.636+08:00唯色:空,或者不空——献给嘉瓦仁波切89寿诞 (Empty, or Not Empty —dedicated to the Dalai Lama on his 89nd birthday)<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggtBmdxFZ5nOTn-_TRxLycHTHnjVgEnudD6tKADk8ptwOrCZlyaaMkBy4FhqLV8UzySyIskKlN6KlvD5vaFTKzzXGM-rpmvJDTe0GXYt2v2mqVZIQZ_mRZTBu0PI5jIcbfrRnxATc3EcPmd7KLbqiCKlMXYM9jM0h9ULVgR2SgtuWmK6NbPCZs8nGkkmfB/s1800/WechatIMG3330.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1800" data-original-width="1440" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggtBmdxFZ5nOTn-_TRxLycHTHnjVgEnudD6tKADk8ptwOrCZlyaaMkBy4FhqLV8UzySyIskKlN6KlvD5vaFTKzzXGM-rpmvJDTe0GXYt2v2mqVZIQZ_mRZTBu0PI5jIcbfrRnxATc3EcPmd7KLbqiCKlMXYM9jM0h9ULVgR2SgtuWmK6NbPCZs8nGkkmfB/w320-h400/WechatIMG3330.jpeg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: SimSun; font-size: 16px;"><br /></span><p></p><p><span style="font-family: SimSun; font-size: 16px;">空,或者不空</span><span style="font-family: SimSun; text-align: justify;">——献给嘉瓦仁波切89寿诞[1]</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><p class="p3" style="font-family: SimSun; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px; text-align: justify;"><br /></p><p class="p3" style="font-family: SimSun; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px; text-align: justify;">唯色</p><p class="p3" style="font-family: SimSun; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px; text-align: justify;"><br /></p><p class="p3" style="font-family: SimSun; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px; text-align: justify;"><br /></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: SimSun; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">1、空法座:修赤</p><p class="p3" style="font-family: SimSun; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px; text-align: justify;"><br /></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: SimSun; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">修赤的意思是法座</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: SimSun; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">林卡的意思是林苑</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: SimSun; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">修赤林卡[2]在颇章布达拉[3]的前面</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: SimSun; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">往昔葱茏,簇拥着虬枝左旋的老树,水塘和小桥</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: SimSun; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">稍远有一座方柱形的石碑[4],记载千年前的帝国事迹</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: SimSun; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">那法座,应该是用尽量平整的石块垒成,从缝隙间长出</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: SimSun; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">参差不齐的草,也会开花,而更多的花朵</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: SimSun; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">是远近走过的人们每日供放,香气四溢</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: SimSun; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">这一切都出自我的想象</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: SimSun; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">却也大致符合老人们的回忆。数年前</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: SimSun; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">有过俊美容貌但福报甚浅的贵胄公子,将我引至此处</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: SimSun; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">从他微微颤抖的手指望去,已荡然无存,更名为广场</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: SimSun; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">因此布满这样的标配:红灯笼、升旗台、纪念碑……</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: SimSun; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">正播放着一首首赞歌的大喇叭、小喇叭……</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: SimSun; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">赞歌:旋律如昨,却更换了歌词</p><p class="p3" style="font-family: SimSun; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px; text-align: justify;"><br /></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: SimSun; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">那尊原本于一九五九年三月之前存在的</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: SimSun; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">法座是如何消失的?那尊</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: SimSun; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">在树木与花丛中的,总是虚位以待的</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: SimSun; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">法座有着怎样的故事?我问过许多人:你听说过</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: SimSun; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">修赤林卡吗?在电视台工作过的退休干部突然失声哭泣</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: SimSun; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">他说,你懂得怀念的感觉吗?你尝过心碎的滋味吗?</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: SimSun; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">而当年,他是调皮少年,随渴求祝福的人们由此经过</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: SimSun; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">不禁仰头,望见盘坐的嘉瓦仁波切[5]多么年轻,笑靥如花</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: SimSun; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">他再也无法忘记。一生不会忘记。</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: SimSun; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">我继续低声询问:你知道修赤林卡吗?</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: SimSun; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">遇见一位青年,他出生于伟大赞普[6]故乡附近的农户家中</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: SimSun; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">天赋画才,善于描绘不曾见过的失乐园</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: SimSun; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">其中一幅,是的,那幅画,在他不幸丧生前完成[7]</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: SimSun; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">翠绿的山峦重叠,洁白的云朵翻卷,但房屋已变样</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: SimSun; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">空空的法座设于正中,装饰华美,等待的心愿如气球飘飘欲飞</p><p class="p3" style="font-family: SimSun; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px; text-align: justify;"><br /></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: SimSun; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">2、空房间:甚穹</p><p class="p3" style="font-family: SimSun; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px; text-align: justify;"><br /></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: SimSun; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">七支百合在深夜怒放</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: SimSun; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">必须是深夜,才能及时目睹最美的瞬间</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: SimSun; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">而我祈愿这是一种奉献:虽然这百合</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: SimSun; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">只能放入简单的玻璃器皿,供在一张照片前</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: SimSun; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">有的房间,不,有许多房间,甚至连这张照片</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: SimSun; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">都不容许出现。真奇怪,这世上,会有人</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: SimSun; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">连一张照片都害怕。他们是什么样的人呢?</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: SimSun; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">强悍的唯物主义者不是无所畏惧吗?</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: SimSun; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">百合的盛开化作慰藉。香气氤氲,我伏身敬拜</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: SimSun; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">至少这个房间不再空无</p><p class="p3" style="font-family: SimSun; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px; text-align: justify;"><br /></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: SimSun; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">我见过多个空的房间</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: SimSun; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">在大昭寺,在罗布林卡,在布达拉宫……</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: SimSun; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">敬语称为甚穹[8]。有一天,我找到一位结识多年的僧人</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: SimSun; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">他又从一大串钥匙中找到一把做了记号的钥匙</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: SimSun; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">四顾无人,低头走入黄色窗幔遮住的房间[9]</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: SimSun; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">梵香浓郁,似乎掩护着另一种芬芳</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: SimSun; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">我竭力分辨,如同寻觅往昔那不堪重负的纤细身影</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: SimSun; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">沉默的僧人将我拉回现实,以眼神示意</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: SimSun; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">那绘有菩萨和众生的墙上,布满刺刀凶狠的划痕……</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: SimSun; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">空空的法座前,哈达[10]洁白,几张完整的章噶[11]纸币意味深长</p><p class="p3" style="font-family: SimSun; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px; text-align: justify;"><br /></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: SimSun; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">前些日子,传来两个安多青年唱的歌:</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: SimSun; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">“阳光下,活蹦乱跳的,昨天的那个孩子,</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: SimSun; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">把成群的行星磨成粉末,用彩粉绘写出明天,他把所有的</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: SimSun; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">问题都抛向别人,可世界又聋又哑,默不作声……”[12]</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: SimSun; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">我想起康区北部的一座有名的寺院</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: SimSun; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">打开不为他人所知的门,所见到的,你会泪下:</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: SimSun; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">精雕细琢的檀木长椅上,仿若真人的照片</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: SimSun; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">各种敬供,皆是精心挑选。里面的那间</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: SimSun; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">水晶灯散发着温馨的光</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: SimSun; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">一双金色的拖鞋摆放在纯白的浴缸前……</p><p class="p3" style="font-family: SimSun; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px; text-align: justify;"><br /></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: SimSun; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">3、空城:拉萨</p><p class="p3" style="font-family: SimSun; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px; text-align: justify;"><br /></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: SimSun; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">站在这里。每一次站在这里,会</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: SimSun; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">“被一种奇异而衰颓的风景包围”[13],内心</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: SimSun; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">就有个声音在拒绝,在反抗,要尽快去做</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: SimSun; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">去实现一个个逆缘的转变,不然真的来不及了</p><p class="p3" style="font-family: SimSun; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px; text-align: justify;"><br /></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: SimSun; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">想起那年深秋时,哦不,是初冬时节</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: SimSun; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">带上几串经幡和一小包叫作桑[14]的植物碎末、</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: SimSun; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">一些刚磨好的糌粑、一小瓶用青稞酿成的酒</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: SimSun; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">缓缓走上五千多米的山脊,心跳加快</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: SimSun; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">这是因为临行前,堪布[15]仁波切[16]的叮嘱:</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: SimSun; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">“勿要说话、叫喊。要坐下,祈祷,就能看见未来。”</p><p class="p3" style="font-family: SimSun; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px; text-align: justify;"><br /></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: SimSun; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">一面是阳坡,阳光照耀,赐予些许温暖</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: SimSun; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">一面是阴坡,被浅浅的白雪覆盖</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: SimSun; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">那状如佛冠的圣湖,拉姆拉措[17],恰在不远的凹形之处</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: SimSun; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">像明镜,像幻境,像所有不真切的真切,充满力量</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: SimSun; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">周围无人。只有我和爱人。</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: SimSun; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">先向班丹拉姆[18]奉献桑的香味、糌粑与酒的美味</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: SimSun; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">再将经幡系在石块之间,以示一种代言</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: SimSun; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">分开坐下,互不干扰,其实我已有几分急切</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: SimSun; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">尽量专注地凝视着:“请指给我看命运的样貌。”</p><p class="p3" style="font-family: SimSun; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px; text-align: justify;"><br /></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: SimSun; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">两只鸦倏忽而至</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: SimSun; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">一只落在我的右边,一只落在他的左边</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: SimSun; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">用不似鸦的叫声使我回眸:有着黑色的羽毛、红色的嘴与双足……</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: SimSun; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">“迥嘎[19]是松玛的使者,不是凶兆是吉兆。”我似乎听得有人说</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: SimSun; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">鸦在踱步。间或鸣叫。那么继续凝视,一幅画面从湖水渐渐呈现:</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: SimSun; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">那是坚热斯[20]在人世间的形象,熟悉的笑容寄予某个意义</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: SimSun; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">就像一个奇迹多么明亮,一切尽在不言中</p><p class="p3" style="font-family: SimSun; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px; text-align: justify;"><br /></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: SimSun; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">天色将晚,携手返回那座已空了几十年的城</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: SimSun; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">途中,两只鹿轻盈跑过,犹如去往时轮金刚的坛城</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: SimSun; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">是这个寓意吗?无论如何,与许多归来的族人一样</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: SimSun; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">内心不空,倾注了爱与希望。</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: SimSun; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="text-align: right;"><br /></span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: SimSun; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="text-align: right;">2017-7-6,尊者达赖喇嘛寿诞日</span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: SimSun; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="text-align: right;"><br /></span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: SimSun; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="text-align: right;">注释:</span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: SimSun; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="text-align: right;"><br /></span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: SimSun; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12px; text-align: start;">[1]这首诗完成于2017年7月6日,原本献给尊者达赖喇嘛82寿诞,这里重发,献给尊者今年今日89寿诞。</span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: SimSun; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: start;">[2]修赤林卡:<span class="s1" style="color: #3c4044; font-family: Kailasa; font-kerning: none; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">བཞུགས་ཁྲི།་གླིང་ཁ།</span>名为<span class="s2" style="font-kerning: none;">法王宝座的园林。</span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: SimSun; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: start;">[3]颇章布达拉:<span class="s1" style="color: #3c4044; font-family: Kailasa; font-kerning: none; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">ཕོ་བྲང་པོ་ཏཱ་ལ།</span>布达拉宫。初<span class="s2" style="font-kerning: none;">建于公元七世纪,扩建于十七世纪五世达赖喇嘛时代,属吐蕃(图博)君王松赞干布及五世之后历代达赖喇嘛居住的宫殿,兼及西藏(图伯特)甘丹颇章政教合一的政府处理事务之处。</span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: SimSun; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: start;">[4]即达扎鲁恭记功碑:<span class="s3" style="font-family: Kailasa; font-kerning: none; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">ཞོལ་རྡོ་རིངས་ཕྱི་མ་</span><span class="s2" style="font-kerning: none;">历史记载,吐蕃</span>(图博)<span class="s2" style="font-kerning: none;">君王赤松德赞时代大将</span>恩兰·达扎鲁恭,<span class="s2" style="font-kerning: none;">于763年率兵</span>攻陷唐国长安<span class="s2" style="font-kerning: none;">,赞普下令在布达拉宫前立碑铭记。</span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: SimSun; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: start;">[5]嘉瓦仁波切:<span class="s1" style="color: #3c4044; font-family: Kailasa; font-kerning: none; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">རྒྱལ་བ་རིན་པོ་ཆེ།</span>对历代达赖喇嘛的敬称,意为至尊如意宝。藏语对达赖喇嘛的敬称很多,本诗集也多有采用。</p><p class="p1" style="font-family: SimSun; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: start;"><span class="s2" style="font-kerning: none;">[6]赞普:</span><span class="s3" style="font-family: Kailasa; font-kerning: none; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">བཙན་པོ།</span><span class="s2" style="font-kerning: none;"> </span>吐蕃(图博)君王<span class="s2" style="font-kerning: none;">。这里指松赞干布</span>,公元七世纪吐蕃帝国第三十三代赞普,<span class="s2" style="font-kerning: none;">以缔造帝国、建造布达拉宫并将佛教引入图伯特等功德伟绩而著名</span>于世。</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: SimSun; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">[7]指的是曲尼江白,<span class="s3" style="font-family: Kailasa; font-kerning: none; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">ཆོས་ཉིད་འཇམ་དཔལ་</span> 图伯特当代艺术家,2011年3月29日车祸遇难,年仅三十岁。</p><p class="p1" style="font-family: SimSun; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: start;">[8]甚穹:<span class="s4" style="color: #323333; font-family: Kailasa; font-kerning: none; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">གཟིམ་ཆུང་</span>敬语,寝宫。</p><p class="p1" style="font-family: SimSun; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: start;">[9]在拉萨大昭寺,往昔尊者达赖喇嘛于法会期间下榻的日光殿,文革期间被红卫兵、造反派和解放军所占。墙上壁画被刀刃乱划,至今留有痕迹。</p><p class="p1" style="font-family: SimSun; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: start;">[10]哈达:<span class="s3" style="font-family: Kailasa; font-kerning: none; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">ཁ་བཏགས།</span><span class="s2" style="font-kerning: none;"> 图伯特文化作为礼仪或献祭用的丝织品。高级哈达上印有图案和文字。</span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: SimSun; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: start;">[11]章噶:<span class="s1" style="color: #3c4044; font-family: Kailasa; font-kerning: none; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">ཊམ་ཀ།</span><span class="s5" style="color: #3c4044; font-kerning: none;"> </span>公元1911年,图伯特噶厦政府即甘丹颇章政权所印制和发行的纸币。</p><p class="p1" style="font-family: SimSun; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: start;">[12]即在图伯特安多地区的西藏病人乐队的歌曲《空房间》。</p><p class="p1" style="font-family: SimSun; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: start;">[13]引(美)雷蒙德·卡佛(<span class="s2" style="font-kerning: none;">臺譯:瑞蒙.卡佛</span><span class="s6" style="color: #4d5156; font-kerning: none;">Raymond Carver</span>)《为了今天的埃及币,阿登,谢谢你》(《我们所有人》,舒丹丹译)。</p><p class="p1" style="font-family: SimSun; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: start;">[14]桑:<span class="s3" style="font-family: Kailasa; font-kerning: none; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">བསང་།</span><span class="s2" style="font-kerning: none;"> 指用于祭祀、敬供等仪式的植物、香料、糌粑等。</span></p><p class="p3" style="color: #323333; font-family: SimSun; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: start;"><span class="s7" style="color: black;">[15]堪布:</span><span class="s8" style="color: black; font-family: Kailasa; font-kerning: none; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">མཁན་པོ།</span><span class="s9" style="color: black; font-kerning: none;"> </span><span class="s2" style="font-kerning: none;">深通经典的僧侣上师,而为寺院或经学院的主持者。</span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: SimSun; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: start;"><span class="s2" style="font-kerning: none;">[16]仁波切:</span><span class="s3" style="font-family: Kailasa; font-kerning: none; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">རིན་པོ་ཆེ།</span><span class="s2" style="font-kerning: none;"> 意为珍宝,通常也是对藏传佛教转世高僧的尊称。又称祖古。汉语称活佛,其实是错误的称呼。</span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: SimSun; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: start;">[17]拉姆拉措:<span class="s3" style="font-family: Kailasa; font-kerning: none; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">ལྷ་མོའི་བླ་མཚོ།</span><span class="s2" style="font-kerning: none;"> </span>图伯特最神圣的湖,寻访达赖喇嘛转世的观相湖,是图伯特、拉萨及达赖喇嘛的护法神班丹拉姆的魂湖,位在今西藏自治区山南地区加查县境内。</p><p class="p1" style="font-family: SimSun; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: start;">[18]班丹拉姆:<span class="s3" style="font-family: Kailasa; font-kerning: none; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">དཔལ་ལྡན་ལྷ་མོ</span><span class="s2" style="font-kerning: none;"> 吉祥天女,藏传佛教万神殿众护法神中最主要之一,图伯特、拉萨及尊者达赖喇嘛的护法神。</span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: SimSun; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: start;">[19]是红嘴山鸦<span class="s10" style="color: #14171a; font-kerning: none;">,</span><span class="s11" style="color: #14171a; font-family: Kailasa; font-kerning: none; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">སྐྱུང་ཀ</span><span class="s10" style="color: #14171a; font-kerning: none;"> 藏语发音“迥嘎”</span><span class="s2" style="font-kerning: none;">,该物种的模式产地在喜马拉雅山脉地区,学名Fregilus himalayanus。</span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: SimSun; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: start;">[20]坚热斯:<span class="s3" style="font-family: Kailasa; font-kerning: none; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">སྤྱན་རས་གཟིགས།</span><span class="s2" style="font-kerning: none;"> </span>观世音菩萨,尊者达赖喇嘛被认为是观世音菩萨的化身。</p><p class="p1" style="font-family: SimSun; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: start;"><br /></p></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirnKctJD8YBNg60G_hF6j5jiN1mdoE9kCGenqGc5LcMopdfuiYdj_iap02FNOjp2PHMJmuuAT8sV_NUDSvSF19UoKDrTov_8scIL16R69SYfsirKGqXa_hHrz4tQ2tAc-KXN242M2csfwNZJ0mAhlmtIGPT1VK37POFiLqTDBTbV69qJS7qz6hJA12msYb/s4680/WechatIMG3329.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2504" data-original-width="4680" height="214" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirnKctJD8YBNg60G_hF6j5jiN1mdoE9kCGenqGc5LcMopdfuiYdj_iap02FNOjp2PHMJmuuAT8sV_NUDSvSF19UoKDrTov_8scIL16R69SYfsirKGqXa_hHrz4tQ2tAc-KXN242M2csfwNZJ0mAhlmtIGPT1VK37POFiLqTDBTbV69qJS7qz6hJA12msYb/w400-h214/WechatIMG3329.jpeg" width="400" /></a></div><br /><p></p><div class="section-heading" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Lora, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: center;"><h1 class="blog-post-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Cormorant Garamond&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 38px; line-height: 44px; margin: 0px 0px 7px;">Empty, or Not Empty</h1><a class="blog-category" data-w-expand="category" href="https://www.ianboyden.com/categories/translations" style="background-color: transparent; border-radius: 2px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #d25f7c; display: inline-block; font-family: &quot;Cormorant Garamond&quot;, sans-serif; margin-left: 10px; margin-right: 10px; padding: 6px; text-decoration-line: none; text-transform: uppercase;">TRANSLATIONS</a><div class="full-divide" style="background-color: #dedede; box-sizing: border-box; height: 1px; margin-bottom: 30px; margin-top: 30px; width: 940px;"></div></div><div class="post-image-caption w-richtext" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin: 16px auto 4px; text-align: center; width: 705px;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 15px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 0px;">The Dalai Lama's dharma-throne—the Potala Palace. The date of this photograph is unknown, sometime between 1900–1940. During this period, there were Russians, British, Germans, Austrians, etc. who took photos in Lhasa.</p></div><div class="blog-post-block" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; width: 799px;"><div class="blog-post w-richtext" id="maintext" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; width: 799px;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">‍</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">[This poem is published on the occasion of the 60th anniversary of the Tibetan uprising, March 10, 1959.]</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">‍</p><h2 style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #2e2e2e; font-family: &quot;Cormorant Garamond&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 30px; line-height: 30px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 10px;">Empty, or Not Empty</h2><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">‍</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;—dedicated to the Dalai Lama on his 89nd birthday</em></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">‍</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">‍</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">1. The Empty Dharma-Throne: Shukti</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">‍</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">Have you heard of the Shukti Lingka?</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">Shukti</em>&nbsp;means ‘dharma-throne’;</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">and&nbsp;<em style="box-sizing: border-box;">lingka</em>&nbsp;means ‘park’.<a class="" data-rt-link-type="external" href="https://www.ianboyden.com/posts/empty-or-not-empty#_ftn1" id="_ftnref1" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #dd783f; text-decoration-line: none;">[1]</a></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">In the past, the Shukti Lingka spread out</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">before the Potala Palace, lush and verdant,</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">filled with ancient trees whose branches twisted</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">counterclockwise like dragons</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">and mirrored in the ponds crossed by small bridges.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">A little ways away stood a stele,</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">the Lhasa Zhöl Pillar,<a class="" data-rt-link-type="external" href="https://www.ianboyden.com/posts/empty-or-not-empty#_ftn2" id="_ftnref2" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #dd783f; text-decoration-line: none;">[2]</a>&nbsp;a tall, square column</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">recording imperial deeds of a thousand years ago.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">The dharma-throne in this park</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">must have been made with layers</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">of the flattest possible stone.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">There would have been tufts of grass growing</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">from the crevices, and flowers would have bloomed,</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">and then even more bouquets of flowers</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">would have been left on the seat by visitors</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">who came from near and far,</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">the fragrance permeating every corner.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">‍</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">This vision, from my own imagination,</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">matches the memories of the older generation.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">A few years ago, I was brought to this spot</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">by a son of old Lhasa royalty, a handsome man</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">with a shallow karmic reward.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">He couldn’t bear the sight, covering his eyes,</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">he looked out through his trembling fingers</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">pointing through tears to where the throne had stood.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">All vestiges of that park had been obliterated.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">What had been a park was now a “square,”<a class="" data-rt-link-type="external" href="https://www.ianboyden.com/posts/empty-or-not-empty#_ftn3" id="_ftnref3" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #dd783f; text-decoration-line: none;">[3]</a></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">concrete paved and filled</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">with red lanterns, flagpoles, memorial monuments….</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">And loudspeakers, large and small, blared</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">songs of propaganda. The melodies were old,</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">but the lyrics had been changed.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">‍</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">That honorable dharma-throne, which existed before March 1959—</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">How did it disappear? What kind of story did that throne have,</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">always left vacant to wait among the trees and flowers?</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">I have asked so many people: Have you heard of the Shukti Lingka?</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">A retired official from the local television station burst into tears</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">He asked,&nbsp;<em style="box-sizing: border-box;">Can you understand what it feels like</em></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">to miss your cherished memory?</em></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">Have you tasted the flavor of heartbreak?</em></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">And he told me this memory from before the occupation:</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">In those years, His Holiness was a mischievous teenager.</em></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">People eager for a blessing would pass by</em></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">and could not help but raise their heads,</em></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">and see the young Gyalwa Rinpoche</em><a class="" data-rt-link-type="external" href="https://www.ianboyden.com/posts/empty-or-not-empty#_ftn4" id="_ftnref4" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #dd783f; text-decoration-line: none;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">[4]</em></a><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">&nbsp;sitting on the throne,</em></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">so young, his face like a smiling flower.</em></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">There is no way he could forget this sight,</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">one could not forget over the course of an entire lifetime.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">‍</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">I continue to ask in a low whisper: Have you heard of the Shukti Lingka?</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">I met a young man named Choenyi Jampel,&nbsp;<a class="" data-rt-link-type="external" href="https://www.ianboyden.com/posts/empty-or-not-empty#_ftn5" id="_ftnref5" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #dd783f; text-decoration-line: none;">[5]</a></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">who was born in a farmer’s house</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">near the hometown of the great Songtsen Gampo.<a class="" data-rt-link-type="external" href="https://www.ianboyden.com/posts/empty-or-not-empty#_ftn6" id="_ftnref6" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #dd783f; text-decoration-line: none;">[6]</a></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">He had a great talent for painting,</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">and was able to depict our lost paradise</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">in ways I’ve never seen before.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">Among his paintings, one stood out: one of the last</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">paintings he completed just before his unfortunate death:</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">Layers of emerald green mountains, rolling</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">white clouds, a few houses that no longer survive,</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">and there, right in the center,</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">sat the completely empty dharma-throne,</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">richly decorated, the heart’s dream waiting</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">like a balloon floating through desire.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">‍</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">‍</p><figure class="w-richtext-figure-type-image w-richtext-align-normal" data-rt-align="normal" data-rt-max-width="80%" data-rt-type="image" style="box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; display: table; margin: 0px 0px 10px; max-width: 80%; position: relative;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; color: transparent; display: inline-block; font-size: 0px;"><img alt="Description" src="https://assets-global.website-files.com/59daa2e4aaa78100013f5e97/5c83eedacc21979e1fb1f12b_JEXCE0398%20(2000).jpg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; margin-bottom: 10px; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; width: 639px;" /></div><figcaption style="box-sizing: border-box; caption-side: bottom; color: #888787; display: table-caption; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; margin-top: 5px; text-align: center;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">This is the Dalai Lama’s dharma-throne in the Norbulinka. Woeser took this photograph on July 6, 2018, the Dalai Lama’s 83rd birthday. In 1957, the most important organization of Tibetans rebelling against the Chinese Communist Party was a group of guerrilla fighters called the Chushi Gangdruk. To celebrate the Dalai Lama’s 23rd birthday, they called out for all the people to dedicate gold and jewels to His Holiness to make a golden dharma-throne. People from all over made offerings and the dharma-throne was completed in just over a month and demonstrates the unity and piety of the Tibetan people.</em></figcaption></figure><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">‍</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">‍</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">2. The Empty Room: Gzim Chung</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">‍</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">Five lilies bloom in the middle of the night.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">At this late hour, when one is able to witness</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">the most beautiful moments,</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">I want to make this offering:</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">lilies in a simple glass vase placed in front of a photograph.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">There are some rooms, no, there are many rooms,</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">where even this photo is not allowed.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">So strange.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">In this world there are people who are afraid</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">of a photograph. What kind of people are they?</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">Aren’t the intrepid materialists fearless?</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">The blooming lilies bring comfort.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">In their dense fragrance,</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">I prostrate myself in prayer.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">At least this room is no longer empty.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">‍</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">I have seen many empty rooms</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">in the Jokhang, in the Norbulinka, in the Potala Palace.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">The honorific word for one of these rooms is:&nbsp;<em style="box-sizing: border-box;">Gzim Chung</em>.<a class="" data-rt-link-type="external" href="https://www.ianboyden.com/posts/empty-or-not-empty#_ftn7" id="_ftnref7" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #dd783f; text-decoration-line: none;">[7]</a></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">One day, I encountered a monk I had known for many years.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">He showed me a single key with a mark on it</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">attached to a large ring of keys.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">Looking around and seeing no one,</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">we lowered our heads and entered a room</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">covered with yellow curtains.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">The smell of incense was thick, as though covering up another fragrance.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">I did my best to identify it, as if searching the past</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">for a silhouette of one who could not bear a heavy burden.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">The silent monk pulled me back to reality, and with his eyes indicated</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">a wall painted with images of bodhisattvas and other beings.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">The images were written over</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">by the fierce scratches of a bayonet.<a class="" data-rt-link-type="external" href="https://www.ianboyden.com/posts/empty-or-not-empty#_ftn8" id="_ftnref8" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #dd783f; text-decoration-line: none;">[8]</a></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">In front of the empty dharma-throne, a white khata</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">and a few complete Kashag banknotes.<a class="" data-rt-link-type="external" href="https://www.ianboyden.com/posts/empty-or-not-empty#_ftn9" id="_ftnref9" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #dd783f; text-decoration-line: none;">[9]</a></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">‍</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">A few days ago I was sent a song</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">sung by two Amdo youth<a class="" data-rt-link-type="external" href="https://www.ianboyden.com/posts/empty-or-not-empty#_ftn10" id="_ftnref10" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #dd783f; text-decoration-line: none;">[10]</a>&nbsp;that goes:</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">“Under the sun, the child of yesterday leaps and frisks about.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">He grinds groups of planets into pigment,</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">and uses the pigment to draw tomorrow—</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">he takes all of his problems and casts them to other people,</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">but the world is deaf and mute, it doesn’t make a sound…”</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">‍</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">I think of a famous temple in the northern district of Kang.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">If you open that door that is not known to others,</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">you will shed tears at everything you see:</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">on a beautifully carved sandalwood bench,</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">all kinds of offerings, each carefully selected.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">And inside that room, in the warm light of a crystal lamp,</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">a pair of golden slippers in front of a pure white bathtub.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">‍</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">‍</p><figure class="w-richtext-figure-type-image w-richtext-align-normal" data-rt-align="normal" data-rt-max-width="85%" data-rt-type="image" style="box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; display: table; margin: 0px 0px 10px; max-width: 85%; position: relative;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; color: transparent; display: inline-block; font-size: 0px;"><img src="https://assets-global.website-files.com/59daa2e4aaa78100013f5e97/5c83f021b9780a03576e43a3_PC020028%20(2000).jpg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; margin-bottom: 10px; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; width: 679px;" /></div><figcaption style="box-sizing: border-box; caption-side: bottom; color: #888787; display: table-caption; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; margin-top: 5px; text-align: center;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">This is a view of Lhamo Lhatso, the most sacred lake in Tibet. It is considered to be the soul lake of the goddess Palden Lhamo, the protectress of Tibet, Lhasa, and the Dalai Lama. This photo was taken by Wang Lixiong on December 2, 2005.</em></figcaption></figure><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">‍</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">‍</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">‍<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">3. The Empty City: Lhasa</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">‍</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">Stand right here.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">Every time I stand here,</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">I am “surrounded by a strange fading landscape”<a data-rt-link-type="external" href="https://www.ianboyden.com/posts/empty-or-not-empty#_ftn11" id="_ftnref11" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #dd783f; text-decoration-line: none;">[11]</a></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">in my innermost heart</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">there is a voice that refuses, that rebels.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">‍</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">If we are to achieve a reverse of course,</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">we must do it as soon as possible,</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">otherwise it will truly be too late.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">‍</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">I think of the deep autumn of that year.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">Wait—no, it must have been early winter.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">We carried a few strands of prayer flags,</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">a bag of powdered bsang to burn like incense,</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">some freshly ground barley, a bottle of barley wine.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">We walk slowly along a ridge 5000 meters high,</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">our hearts beat faster and faster.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">Before the Rinpoche left, he exhorted:</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">You must not talk, must not yell.</em></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">Sit down, pray that you may see the future.</em></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">‍</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">To one side is the sunny slope, where sunlight bestows a little warmth;</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">the other slope is shady, covered with a shallow snow.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">Lhamo Latso.<a class="" data-rt-link-type="external" href="https://www.ianboyden.com/posts/empty-or-not-empty#_ftn12" id="_ftnref12" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #dd783f; text-decoration-line: none;">[12]</a>&nbsp;This holy lake is the crown of the Buddha,</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">a pure mirror held by this U-shaped valley.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">Filled with power, it’s so vivid it seems unreal.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">Not a soul around its edges. Only me and my lover.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">First, I offer the bsang and barley wine to Palden Lhamo.<a class="" data-rt-link-type="external" href="https://www.ianboyden.com/posts/empty-or-not-empty#_ftn13" id="_ftnref13" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #dd783f; text-decoration-line: none;">[13]</a></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">Then I tie prayer flags between the stones</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">which convey our wishes and our prayers.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">We sit down, separate from each other,</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">not interfering. I focus my mind and gaze at the lake:</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">“Please grant me a vision of my fate.”</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">‍</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">The two ravens suddenly appear.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">One lands to my right, one to my left:</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">black feathers, black feet, red mouth.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">I glance back toward an un-ravenlike cry</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">and a voice within the vision says,</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">“The raven is a messenger of the&nbsp;<em style="box-sizing: border-box;">srung ma</em>,<a class="" data-rt-link-type="external" href="https://www.ianboyden.com/posts/empty-or-not-empty#_ftn14" id="_ftnref14" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #dd783f; text-decoration-line: none;">[14]</a></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">not a bad omen.” The ravens pace back and forth.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">They caw occasionally while I continue to gaze.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">Gradually, an image emerges from the lake,</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;it’s&nbsp;<em style="box-sizing: border-box;">Chenrézik</em>,<a data-rt-link-type="external" href="https://www.ianboyden.com/posts/empty-or-not-empty#_ftn15" id="_ftnref15" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #dd783f; text-decoration-line: none;">[15]</a></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">her smile is familiar in its compassion:</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">a vivid miracle, outside the realm of words.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">‍</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">When the sky grew dark, we returned hand in hand</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">to that city which has been empty for decades.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">Along the way, two deer ran lightly by</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">as though we were within the Kalachakra mandala.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">Could this be the case?</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">‍</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">Like so many of my people who have returned—</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">my heart is not empty. It is filled with love and hope.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">‍</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">‍</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">—Woeser, July 4-5, 2017, edited July 6, 2017, Beijing</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Translated by Ian Boyden, March 9, 2019</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">‍</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">‍</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">Endnotes:<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><a data-rt-link-type="external" href="https://www.ianboyden.com/posts/empty-or-not-empty#_ftnref1" id="_ftn1" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #dd783f; text-decoration-line: none;">[1]&nbsp;</a>Shukti Lingka (བཞུགས་ཁྲི། གླིང་ག)</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><a class="" data-rt-link-type="external" href="https://www.ianboyden.com/posts/empty-or-not-empty#_ftnref2" id="_ftn2" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #dd783f; text-decoration-line: none;">[2]</a>&nbsp;The Lhasa Zhol Pillar (ཞོལ་རྡོ་རིངས་ཕྱི་མ་) was erected in the late eighth century and describes deeds of the Tibetan Empire. It is also one of the oldest surviving examples of Tibetan script, a writing system attributed to Thonmi Sambhota, who was a minister to the founder of the Tibetan Empire Songtsen Gampo who is mentioned later in the poem (see note 6).</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><a class="" data-rt-link-type="external" href="https://www.ianboyden.com/posts/empty-or-not-empty#_ftnref3" id="_ftn3" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #dd783f; text-decoration-line: none;">[3]</a>&nbsp;The Shukti Linka was destroyed in 1965. The park and its wetlands were drained and filled, then covered with concrete and turned into what what was then known as the People’s Cultural Palace Square (人民文化宫广场). This square was subsequently renovated in 1999 and renamed as Potala Square. In 2002, it became the site of the monstrous Monument to the Peaceful Liberation of Tibet, a 37-meter high structure commemorating the PLA liberation of Tibet in 1951. And in 2005, it was once again renovated to its current state.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><a class="" data-rt-link-type="external" href="https://www.ianboyden.com/posts/empty-or-not-empty#_ftnref4" id="_ftn4" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #dd783f; text-decoration-line: none;">[4]&nbsp;</a>Gyalwa Rinpoche is one of the honorific names of the Dalai Lama.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><a class="" data-rt-link-type="external" href="https://www.ianboyden.com/posts/empty-or-not-empty#_ftnref5" id="_ftn5" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #dd783f; text-decoration-line: none;">[5]</a>&nbsp;Choenyi Jampel (ཆོས་ཉིད་འཇམ་དཔལ་) was a very promising young artist in Lhasa. He was tragically killed in a car accident on March 29, 2011. He was only 30 years old.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><a class="" data-rt-link-type="external" href="https://www.ianboyden.com/posts/empty-or-not-empty#_ftnref6" id="_ftn6" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #dd783f; text-decoration-line: none;">[6]</a>&nbsp;Songtsen Gampo (སྲོང་བཙན་སྒམ་པོ) was an early 7th century king. He is credited with founding the Tibetan Empire and introducing Buddhism toTibet.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><a class="" data-rt-link-type="external" href="https://www.ianboyden.com/posts/empty-or-not-empty#_ftnref7" id="_ftn7" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #dd783f; text-decoration-line: none;">[7]</a>&nbsp;<em style="box-sizing: border-box;">Gzim Chung</em>&nbsp;(གཟིམ་ཆུང་)</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><a class="" data-rt-link-type="external" href="https://www.ianboyden.com/posts/empty-or-not-empty#_ftnref8" id="_ftn8" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #dd783f; text-decoration-line: none;">[8]</a>&nbsp;In the past, the Dalai Lama would stay at the Jokhang during the Buddhist ceremonies celebrating the New Year. He had a special room, which was known as Gzim Chung. During the Cultural Revolution, this room was occupied by Red Guards, members of the Opposition Party, and the People’s Liberation Army. During this time, the murals in this room were scratched by bayonets, and these scars exist to this day.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><a class="" data-rt-link-type="external" href="https://www.ianboyden.com/posts/empty-or-not-empty#_ftnref9" id="_ftn9" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #dd783f; text-decoration-line: none;">[9]</a>&nbsp;In 1911, the Tibetan government printed and distributed Kashag banknotes. They also minted gold, silver, and copper coins.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><a class="" data-rt-link-type="external" href="https://www.ianboyden.com/posts/empty-or-not-empty#_ftnref10" id="_ftn10" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #dd783f; text-decoration-line: none;">[10]</a>&nbsp;The song is titled “Empty Room” and is sung by the Tibetan Patient Band (西藏病人乐队).</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><a data-rt-link-type="external" href="https://www.ianboyden.com/posts/empty-or-not-empty#" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #dd783f; text-decoration-line: none;">[11]</a>&nbsp;This is a line from the poem “For the Egyptian Coin Today, Arden, Thank You" by Raymond Carver.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><a class="" data-rt-link-type="external" href="https://www.ianboyden.com/posts/empty-or-not-empty#_ftnref12" id="_ftn12" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #dd783f; text-decoration-line: none;">[12]</a>&nbsp;Lhamo Latso (ལྷ་མོའི་བླ་མཚོ།) is the most sacred lake in Tibet. This is the lake where visions are sought for the reincarnation of the Dalai Lama and is presided over by the the Dalai Lama’s guardian goddess Palden Lhamo. It is located Gyaca County, Lhokha Province to the southeast of Lhasa.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><a class="" data-rt-link-type="external" href="https://www.ianboyden.com/posts/empty-or-not-empty#_ftnref13" id="_ftn13" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #dd783f; text-decoration-line: none;">[13]</a>&nbsp;Palden Lhamo (དཔལ་ལྡན་ལྷ་མོ།) is the primary goddess of protection in the Tibetan Buddhist Pantheon and is the guardian god of Tibet, Lhasa, and the Dalai Lama.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><a class="" data-rt-link-type="external" href="https://www.ianboyden.com/posts/empty-or-not-empty#_ftnref14" id="_ftn14" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #dd783f; text-decoration-line: none;">[14]</a>&nbsp;<em style="box-sizing: border-box;">Srungma</em>&nbsp;(སྲུང་མ། ) are protectors of the dharma, also known as&nbsp;<em style="box-sizing: border-box;">dharmapālas.</em></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><a class="" data-rt-link-type="external" href="https://www.ianboyden.com/posts/empty-or-not-empty#_ftnref15" id="_ftn15" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #dd783f; text-decoration-line: none;">[15]</a>&nbsp;<em style="box-sizing: border-box;">Chenrézik&nbsp;</em>(སྤྱན་རས་གཟིགས།) is the Tibetan name for the bodhisattva Avalokiteśvara.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">‍</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">‍</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">‍</p></div></div>Unknown[email protected]0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-101413679960970342.post-19483635387048362372024-04-30T21:40:00.002+08:002024-04-30T21:40:26.326+08:00特约评论 | 唯色:斯里兰卡佛僧向达赖喇嘛敬献佛陀舍利,是图伯特历史上的重大圣事<p><br /></p><div class="clear" style="box-sizing: border-box; clear: both;"></div><div id="headerimg" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: table; float: left; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17px; margin-bottom: 36px; margin-right: 36px; width: 1px;"><img alt="评论 | 唯色:斯里兰卡佛僧向达赖喇嘛敬献佛陀舍利,是图伯特历史上的重大圣事" height="348" src="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-04222024091130.html/@@images/2abc4767-0176-44b2-a807-6090d9f22c59.jpeg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; vertical-align: middle;" title="评论 | 唯色:斯里兰卡佛僧向达赖喇嘛敬献佛陀舍利,是图伯特历史上的重大圣事" width="620" /><span class="lead_image_caption" style="box-sizing: border-box; caption-side: bottom; display: block; font-family: &quot;Merriweather Sans&quot;, sans-serif; font-weight: 600; line-height: 17px; margin: 12px 0.5em 0.7em 0.1em; width: 620px;">身穿南传佛教袈裟的斯里兰卡众僧享有“佛陀舍利的守护者”之称。</span><div id="zoomattribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; height: auto; margin: 0px; padding-right: 15px; position: relative; text-align: right; top: 0px; vertical-align: middle; width: 620px;"><a data-caption="身穿南传佛教袈裟的斯里兰卡众僧享有“佛陀舍利的守护者”之称。" data-fancybox="" href="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-04222024091130.html/@@images/image/social_media" id="single_image" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; box-sizing: border-box; color: black; text-decoration-line: none;" title="身穿南传佛教袈裟的斯里兰卡众僧享有“佛陀舍利的守护者”之称。"><img src="https://www.rfa.org/++plone++rfa-resources/img/icon-zoom.png" style="border: none; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; vertical-align: middle;" />&nbsp;</a><span class="copyright" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10px;">唯色提供</span></div></div><div id="storytext" style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px;"><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><img alt="4月RFA评论1-003.jpeg" class="image-richtext image-left" src="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/46708rfa8bc48bba1-003.jpeg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; float: left; height: auto; margin: 0.5em 1em 0.5em 0px; max-width: 620px; vertical-align: middle;" title="4月RFA评论1-003.jpeg" />4月4日,来自斯里兰卡神圣的悉里苏巴提·玛哈维哈拉寺(Subuti Mahavihara Monastery)的高僧长老,在洋溢着节日气氛的达兰萨拉——这座从1960年起成为流亡图伯特政教中心的印度山城,向尊者达赖喇嘛敬献了佛教至尊圣物——佛陀舍利。当迎候良久的尊者达赖喇嘛将额头轻触安放佛陀舍利的金色宝塔,顶礼再三,图伯特的历史将铭刻、传扬这一无与伦比的圣事。</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">身穿南传佛教袈裟的斯里兰卡众僧享有“佛陀舍利的守护者”之称,这是因为他们所属的寺院,自19世纪末建寺起,就珍藏、供奉佛陀释迦牟尼的稀世舍利。从19世纪末至今,犹如108颗念珠从不中断的传承,历代斯里兰卡僧侣守护着佛陀舍利,并让成千上万的众生瞻仰、敬拜佛陀舍利,据现场者的记录,“人们认为,这些神圣的物体散发着和平、宁静的光明,它们将整个空间笼罩在纯粹冥想的氛围中”。</span></p><figure style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; display: table; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.9px; margin: 0px; padding-top: 15px;"><img alt="4月RFA评论2-001.jpeg" class="image-richtext image-inline" src="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/46708rfa8bc48bba2-001.jpeg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; float: none; height: auto; margin-right: 15px; margin-top: 10px; max-width: 100%; padding-bottom: 5px; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;" title="4月RFA评论2-001.jpeg" /><figcaption style="box-sizing: border-box; caption-side: bottom; font-family: &quot;Merriweather Sans&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 17px; margin: 0.1em 0.5em 0.7em 0.1em;">从19世纪末至今,<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 400;">斯里兰卡众僧</span>犹如108颗念珠从不中断的传承,历代斯里兰卡僧侣守护着佛陀舍利。(唯色提供)</figcaption></figure><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">两千六百多年前,伟大的佛陀涅槃,荼毗后遗下颅骨、佛牙、指骨等舍利,由古印度八国建塔供奉,又有婆罗门取舍利瓶和火葬灰建塔供奉。故马鸣菩萨造《佛所行赞》说:“八王起八塔,金瓶及灰炭;如是阎浮提,始起于十塔”。又如佛陀在圆寂前开示教法的《大般涅槃经》云:“若见如来舍利,即是见佛。”建塔供奉舍利并朝拜,以昭示佛陀精神、示现成佛之道,成为全世界佛教信仰者的传统。也因此,被奉为至尊的佛陀舍利在世界各地受到迎请和敬供,佛光放射,照耀佛徒之心。诸多文字的历史典籍中都有佛陀舍利加持众生的美好记载,如中国唐朝多次开启珍藏佛指舍利的宝塔地宫,迎奉于皇宫,以瞻礼献供,有“三十年一开,开则岁谷稔而兵戈息”的说法。</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">1898年,在英国统治印度时期,英国官员William Claxton Peppé在印度比普拉瓦(Piprahwa)(即古印度迦毗罗卫国)发现古代窣堵坡(佛塔)遗址,并发掘出刻有古老铭文的舍利瓮,所供正是佛教徒安葬于迦毗罗的佛陀舍利。之后,这些罕见的、正宗而神圣的遗物,赠送给了斯里兰卡博学高僧、杰出的禅修大师Waskaduwe Sri Subhuthi Mahanayake Thero,他因辨认铭文、认证舍利而荣获这一馈赠,守护佛陀舍利的寺院亦应运而生。</span></p><figure style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; display: table; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.9px; margin: 0px; padding-top: 15px;"><img alt="4月RFA评论2-002.jpeg" class="image-richtext image-inline" src="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/46708rfa8bc48bba2-002.jpeg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; float: none; height: auto; margin-right: 15px; margin-top: 10px; max-width: 100%; padding-bottom: 5px; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;" title="4月RFA评论2-002.jpeg" /><figcaption style="box-sizing: border-box; caption-side: bottom; font-family: &quot;Merriweather Sans&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 17px; margin: 0.1em 0.5em 0.7em 0.1em;">两千六百多年前,伟大的佛陀涅槃,荼毗后遗下颅骨、佛牙、指骨等舍利,由古印度八国建塔供奉,又有婆罗门取舍利瓶和火葬灰建塔供奉。(唯色提供)</figcaption></figure><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">斯里兰卡是南传佛教的主要中心之一,佛教徒约为全国人口的百分之七十。在过去的历史上,斯里兰卡佛教与北传佛教的图伯特佛教之间是否有重要的相互联系?可以说我们对此并不了解。然而,正是当尊者达赖喇嘛流亡印度之后,不但与世界其他宗教建立沟通、彼此学习,并与西方科学界共同探讨以量子力学为主的深奥领域,更与佛教的各个传统体系拓展深广联系,正如《达赖喇嘛说佛教:探索南传、汉传、藏传的佛陀教义》(Buddhism:One the teacher,Many Tradition)一书写,“达赖喇嘛尊者依循两大佛教传统的脉络,去验证并宣说佛陀体悟到的究竟真理,无论南传、北传或三乘,并非单单是一条宗教之路,而是探寻人类生命实相的旅程,最终,都能带领我们通往解脱。”</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">深知达赖喇嘛佛行事业的重要价值,铭感达赖喇嘛在全球弘扬佛法的贡献,斯里兰卡高僧、寺院住持Waskaduwe Sri Subhuthi Mahanayake Thera,克服种种不为外界所知的障碍,率南传众僧安抵达兰萨拉,在代表斯里兰卡整个僧伽社区敬献佛陀舍利圣物的献辞中说:“几年来,我们一直强烈地期望向图伯特第十四世达赖喇嘛尊者献上珍贵的佛舍利,……达赖喇嘛尊者为佛教的贡献比历史上任何人都多。认识到达赖喇嘛尊者作为活生生的菩萨和全球佛教界珍视的精神领袖的地位,……他成为神圣的佛陀舍利最有资格的接受者,……感谢达赖喇嘛尊者对佛法、这个世界及其所有众生无可估量的服务。”</span></p><figure style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; display: table; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.9px; margin: 0px; padding-top: 15px;"><img alt="4月RFA评论2-005.jpeg" class="image-richtext image-inline" src="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/46708rfa8bc48bba2-005.jpeg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; float: none; height: auto; margin-right: 15px; margin-top: 10px; max-width: 100%; padding-bottom: 5px; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;" title="4月RFA评论2-005.jpeg" /><figcaption style="box-sizing: border-box; caption-side: bottom; font-family: &quot;Merriweather Sans&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 17px; margin: 0.1em 0.5em 0.7em 0.1em;">斯里兰卡是南传佛教的主要中心之一,佛教徒约为全国人口的百分之七十。(唯色提供)</figcaption></figure><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">对于图伯特人来说,则需要认识到,以南传佛教为传统的斯里兰卡佛教,向十四世达赖喇嘛敬献佛陀舍利,实际上在图伯特佛教历史上具有深刻的重大意义。作为佛教传统深厚、全民信仰佛教的图伯特,迎奉佛陀舍利的殊荣鲜见记载,更多神秘化的传说。而发生于近代的真实事件是,十三世达赖喇嘛于1910-1913年避祸清军入侵而流亡印度,在佛教圣地菩提伽耶获赠佛陀舍利,返回拉萨后供奉布达拉宫,至1959年3月十四世达赖喇嘛流亡印度,随身珍藏佛陀舍利,之后供奉达兰萨拉的宫中,因强大的信念和护持的力量,几十年来,舍利增生,光耀晶莹,尊者亦将新生的舍利赠予特殊的因缘,共沐慈悲与空性的纯粹光芒。</span></p><div style="font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.05em;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.05em;"><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: normal;"><span style="font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.05em;">(</span></span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, FreeSerif, serif; letter-spacing: 0.9px;">本文发表于自由亚洲特约评论:</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, FreeSerif, serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.9px;"><a href="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-04222024091130.html">https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-04222024091130.html</a>)</span></span></div><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p></div>Unknown[email protected]0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-101413679960970342.post-9785345055761593962024-04-30T15:27:00.002+08:002024-04-30T15:28:30.822+08:00特约评论 | 唯色:为招商引资,西藏出新招吸引“高考移民”<div class="mobilecontainer" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><div id="storytop" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; font-size: 10px; margin-bottom: 12px; width: 620px;"><div id="storytoptools" style="box-sizing: border-box; float: right; margin-top: 8px;"><div class="storytoptoolbutton a2a_kit a2a_default_style" style="box-sizing: border-box; float: left; margin-left: 8px; text-align: center;"><a class="a2a_dd" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; box-sizing: border-box; color: black; text-decoration-line: none;"><img alt="Share" border="0" src="https://www.rfa.org/++plone++rfa-resources/img/Social_logos_Share.png" style="border: none; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle; width: 36px;" /></a></div></div></div></div><div class="clear" style="box-sizing: border-box; clear: both;"></div><div id="headerimg" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: table; float: left; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17px; margin-bottom: 36px; margin-right: 36px; width: 1px;"><img alt="评论 | 唯色:为招商引资,西藏出新招吸引“高考移民”" height="367" src="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-04082024131310.html/@@images/9470cf66-85d3-4911-8b0f-b019c50f244b.jpeg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; vertical-align: middle;" title="评论 | 唯色:为招商引资,西藏出新招吸引“高考移民”" width="620" /><span class="lead_image_caption" face="&quot;Merriweather Sans&quot;, sans-serif" style="box-sizing: border-box; caption-side: bottom; display: block; font-weight: 600; line-height: 17px; margin: 12px 0.5em 0.7em 0.1em; width: 620px;">西藏在四川眉山办学的签约仪式。</span><div id="zoomattribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; height: auto; margin: 0px; padding-right: 15px; position: relative; text-align: right; top: 0px; vertical-align: middle; width: 620px;"><a data-caption="西藏在四川眉山办学的签约仪式。" data-fancybox="" href="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-04082024131310.html/@@images/image/social_media" id="single_image" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; box-sizing: border-box; color: black; text-decoration-line: none;" title="西藏在四川眉山办学的签约仪式。"><img src="https://www.rfa.org/++plone++rfa-resources/img/icon-zoom.png" style="border: none; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; vertical-align: middle;" />&nbsp;</a><span class="copyright" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10px;">西藏自治区教育厅</span></div></div><div id="storytext" style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px;"><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><img alt="WhatsApp Image 2024-03-23 at 11.05.19 AM-3.jpeg" class="image-richtext image-left" src="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-04082024131310.html/whatsapp-image-2024-03-23-at-11-05-19-am-3.jpeg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; float: left; height: auto; margin: 0.5em 1em 0.5em 0px; max-width: 620px; vertical-align: middle;" title="WhatsApp Image 2024-03-23 at 11.05.19 AM-3.jpeg" /></span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">3月18日,西藏自治区教育厅与西藏自治区投资促进局联合发布一份与高考相关的文件,被路透社等外媒注意到并被报道。这份文件名为《关于进一步规范全区招商引资企业投资经营者子女参加我区普通高考报名的通知》。澎湃新闻认为这是“西藏招商引资新招”。</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">实际上文件标题提到的“进一步”,表明以“招商引资”为名,吸引中国各地投资者的子女来西藏参加高考,已不是第一次。再看文件内容,只要在藏投资300万元以上,其子女就可拥有西藏户籍,并以西藏考生的名义参加高考。有网友评论:“简而言之,有钱就能享受高考地域福利”;然而,“给西藏的高考优惠政策是为了真正教育资源缺乏的孩子”,这么做,“这公平吗?”</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p><figure class="image-richtext image-inline captioned" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; display: table; float: none; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; height: auto; letter-spacing: 0.9px; margin: 10px 15px 0px 0px; max-width: 100%; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-top: 15px; width: 1170px;"><img alt="就西藏高考政策,称“很多内地的考生都是非常羡慕的”。(微信视频号截图)" height="" src="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-04082024131310.html/46708rfa8bc48bba1-001.jpg/@@images/1e5d58d3-9f75-4f47-9eb5-276c2b5ce6c0.jpeg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; max-width: 620px; vertical-align: middle;" title="4月RFA评论1-001.jpg" width="" /><figcaption class="image-caption" style="box-sizing: border-box; caption-side: bottom; font-family: &quot;Merriweather Sans&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 17px; margin: 7px 0.5em 0.7em 0.1em; max-width: 620px;">就西藏高考政策,称“很多内地的考生都是非常羡慕的”。(微信视频号截图)</figcaption><small style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10px;"></small><div id="zoomattribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; height: auto; margin: 0px; padding-right: 15px; position: relative; text-align: right; top: 0px; vertical-align: middle; width: 1170px;"><a data-caption="就西藏高考政策,称“很多内地的考生都是非常羡慕的”。(微信视频号截图)" data-fancybox="" href="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-04082024131310.html/46708rfa8bc48bba1-001.jpg" id="single_image" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0645ad;" target="_blank" title="就西藏高考政策,称“很多内地的考生都是非常羡慕的”。(微信视频号截图)"><img src="https://www.rfa.org/++plone++rfa-resources/img/icon-zoom.png" style="border: none; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; max-width: 620px; vertical-align: middle;" /></a></div></figure><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">虽然文件对中国各地人员在藏投资有时间上的要求,比如连续经营3年以上,连续交税3年以上等等,其子女才能参加西藏高考,但对于可以为子女高考而入藏的中国各地投资者来说,这短短的3年已足够,并且他们的子女只需在西藏读高三仅1年,而不必读完整个高中三年,这不是“高考移民”又是什么呢?</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">何谓“高考移民”?简言之,如《亚洲周刊》五年前的报道《高考移民钻地区差别漏洞》写:“‘高考移民’,指中国某些身处于高考录取分数线较高、教育基础较好的省份的毕业生,通过转学、迁移等各种手段将父母及本人的户口转入到录取分数线低的省份,以期凭藉自己原有良好的学习基础和户籍转入地较低的分数线来考取理想大学。”</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">然而,3月20日,中国教育部发布《关于做好2024年普通高校招生工作的通知》,表示“要严厉打击‘高考移民’,……大力促进入学机会公平”,以免“高考移民”占据“国家支援中西部地区招生协作计划,向中西部地区和考生大省倾斜”的优惠待遇。</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">两天两个通知,均与高考有关:一个以“高考移民”吸引招商引资,一个则表示要对“高考移民”严厉打击,尽管不知会如何“严厉打击”,但态度是明确的。</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">简单回顾一下,早在2008年3月全藏抗议爆发之前,为吸引中国各地人员入藏,西藏自治区实行户籍改革的措施之一,是给外来人员办理西藏户口,为此拥有“双户口”、甚至改族籍的移民涌入不少。许多移民都是举家入藏,“高考移民”年年增加,其中还有以藏族族籍为名而占据西藏高考录取名额的非藏族,北京、上海等大学里的这类假藏族学生年年都有录取。</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">又如2000年拉萨市发布《关于引进人才的暂行规定》中,就声明外来人员“将在职称、科研资金、工资、奖金、住房、户籍等方面享受特殊优惠政策”,2009年公布的《拉萨经济技术开发区各项优惠政策汇总》,承诺10万元以上的投资者,“本人、配偶及子女”都可得到西藏自治区户口,这也意味着是对“高考移民”的鼓励。</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p><figure class="image-richtext image-inline captioned" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; display: table; float: none; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; height: auto; letter-spacing: 0.9px; margin: 10px 15px 0px 0px; max-width: 100%; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-top: 15px; width: 1000px;"><img alt="官媒网络截图,有关西藏在四川眉山办学的签约仪式。" height="" src="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-04082024131310.html/46708rfa8bc48bba1-002.jpeg/@@images/9b5482ae-fce8-4464-a747-67dbcad446ab.jpeg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; max-width: 620px; vertical-align: middle;" title="4月RFA评论1-002.jpeg" width="" /><figcaption class="image-caption" style="box-sizing: border-box; caption-side: bottom; font-family: &quot;Merriweather Sans&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 17px; margin: 7px 0.5em 0.7em 0.1em; max-width: 620px;">官媒网络截图,有关西藏在四川眉山办学的签约仪式。</figcaption><small style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10px;"></small><div id="zoomattribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; height: auto; margin: 0px; padding-right: 15px; position: relative; text-align: right; top: 0px; vertical-align: middle; width: 1000px;"><a data-caption="官媒网络截图,有关西藏在四川眉山办学的签约仪式。" data-fancybox="" href="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-04082024131310.html/46708rfa8bc48bba1-002.jpeg" id="single_image" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0645ad;" target="_blank" title="官媒网络截图,有关西藏在四川眉山办学的签约仪式。"><img src="https://www.rfa.org/++plone++rfa-resources/img/icon-zoom.png" style="border: none; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; max-width: 620px; vertical-align: middle;" /></a></div></figure><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">问题是,如此涌入西藏的中国各地人员的子女,因当局的各种特殊优惠政策,不但大量地占据当地的高考录取名额,还会大量地占据大学毕业后的就业名额,这对于西藏本地学生来说很不公平,是一种资源掠夺。正如网</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">友所说:“外头人一堆进来考试,只会成为当地苦命孩子的负担”。</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">另外还需注意的是,去年10月28日,新华社报道西藏自治区教育厅与四川天府</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">新区眉山管理委员会签署合作办学协议,将在四川眉山建中学,计划招收3千名学生,于2025年6月前建成。四川天府新区是近年设置的经济新区,而西藏自治区教育厅跑到外省以经济贸易为目标的区域建中学,这是为什么呢?</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">据了解,这主要是为在西藏的“援藏干部”、“援藏军警”等等,越来越多的“援藏人员”的子女办学校,出于让中国各地进藏人员安心在藏、长期在藏而特别制定的特殊优惠政策,也就是说,其子女无须进藏就读,甚至连高三这一年都可以不必进藏就读,就在适应他们生活习惯的汉地学校就读,然后按照西藏自治区的高考优惠政策而享受高考政策的福利,之后还可以继续在竞争激烈的就业市场获得机会。那么,这是不是“高考移民”的一种变相的方式呢?如此一来,西藏自治区内的藏人学生受到的资源掠夺显然就更多了。</span></p><div style="font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.05em;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br /></span></div><div><span face="&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.05em;"><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: normal;"><span style="font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.05em;">(</span></span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, FreeSerif, serif; letter-spacing: 0.9px;">本文发表于自由亚洲特约评论:</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, FreeSerif, serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.9px;"><a href="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-04082024131310.html">https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-04082024131310.html</a>)</span></span></div></div>Unknown[email protected]0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-101413679960970342.post-19383256610225657602024-04-06T17:50:00.001+08:002024-04-06T17:50:05.073+08:00特约评论 | 唯色:汪堆寺 — 幸存于文革之劫,如今却面临水电开发之劫<p><br /></p><div class="mobilecontainer" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"><div id="storytop" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; font-size: 10px; margin-bottom: 12px; width: 620px;"></div></div><div class="clear" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"></div><div id="headerimg" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; display: table; float: left; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17px; margin-bottom: 36px; margin-right: 36px; width: 1px;"><img alt="评论 | 唯色:汪堆寺 — 幸存于文革之劫,如今却面临水电开发之劫" height="387" src="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-03042024093653.html/@@images/99ada331-4dde-41db-bfea-f80fad294436.jpeg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; vertical-align: middle;" title="评论 | 唯色:汪堆寺 — 幸存于文革之劫,如今却面临水电开发之劫" width="620" /><span class="lead_image_caption" style="box-sizing: border-box; caption-side: bottom; display: block; font-family: &quot;Merriweather Sans&quot;, sans-serif; font-weight: 600; line-height: 17px; margin: 12px 0.5em 0.7em 0.1em; width: 620px;">藏历新年期间,汪堆寺俄派七坛城法会尚未结束,数百僧众被审讯、被要求签字服从当局的任何指示。</span><div id="zoomattribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; height: auto; margin: 0px; padding-right: 15px; position: relative; text-align: right; top: 0px; vertical-align: middle; width: 620px;"><a data-caption="藏历新年期间,汪堆寺俄派七坛城法会尚未结束,数百僧众被审讯、被要求签字服从当局的任何指示。" data-fancybox="" href="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-03042024093653.html/@@images/image/social_media" id="single_image" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: black; text-decoration-line: none;" title="藏历新年期间,汪堆寺俄派七坛城法会尚未结束,数百僧众被审讯、被要求签字服从当局的任何指示。"><img src="https://www.rfa.org/++plone++rfa-resources/img/icon-zoom.png" style="border: none; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; vertical-align: middle;" />&nbsp;</a><span class="copyright" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10px;">唯色供图</span></div></div><div id="storytext" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><img alt="2010-04-28T120000Z_1275423122_GM1E64S1TNL01_RTRMADP_3_GUANGZHOU.JPG" class="image-richtext image-left" src="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-03042024093653.html/2010-04-28t120000z_1275423122_gm1e64s1tnl01_rtrmadp_3_guangzhou.jpg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; float: left; height: auto; margin: 0.5em 1em 0.5em 0px; max-width: 620px; vertical-align: middle;" title="2010-04-28T120000Z_1275423122_GM1E64S1TNL01_RTRMADP_3_GUANGZHOU.JPG" />因中国政府及其电力集团在金沙江上游开建“一库十三级”水电站,关涉“</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">青海玉树巴塘河口至云南迪庆奔子栏间的河段,流经青、藏、川、滇四省(区),河段长约772公里”,</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">世代生息此地的无数藏人被要求搬迁,多座具有悠久历史和珍贵价值的寺院、沿江多个村庄以及动植物丰富的自然环境将被淹没。被称为梯级水电站的“龙头”工程——岗托水电站,将完全淹没藏东德格(今四川省甘孜藏族自治州德格县)境内的至少六座寺院(汪堆寺、银南寺、康多寺、燃灯寺、更萨寺)、两个村庄,其中位于德格县汪布顶乡的汪堆寺和银南寺目前面临强制搬迁,而引发当地藏人僧俗的和平请愿。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">很多人不知道这些将被梯级水电站淹没的寺院和村庄有着怎样的历史、文化、生态和美丽。为当局出谋划策的中国水利专家却傲慢地说:“长江上游,特别是虎跳峡以上属人少地荒地区…这些不毛之地淤了就淤了”。我从微博、微信视频号等中国网站上,找到关于汪堆寺的多个视频、图片、文章,也尽力做了各方调查和了解,得知汪堆寺拥有罕见的历史文物和宝贵的宗教传承,更惊悉汪堆寺有三百僧众以及依傍寺院生息的两千民众,因哀求当局官员留存寺院和村庄,却遭殴打、抓捕、关押等各种非人道对待。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">据去年3月的一份中国社会科学院硕士论文《</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">德格县汪堆寺百柱殿壁画的初步研究》</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">,及前不久在杭州召开的“第八届西藏考古与艺术国际学术讨论会”上的发言,研究者强调:“汪堆寺位于金沙江东岸的一处高地上,寺内保存有大量精美壁画,因寺院建筑加固,这些完整壁画才得以首次公开。此外,德格县汪布顶乡即将建造水电站,这将对汪堆寺壁画后续的保存与研究造成较大困难,因此对汪堆寺的壁画研究与保护迫在眉睫。”</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">相关研究介绍:汪堆寺内现保存古老壁画的建筑,一是山上旧经堂即吉祥天母殿;二是有100根柱子、高7米的百柱殿(</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">“噶加拉康”,lHa khang ka brgya ma</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">),壁画面积约为一千多平方米,绘画内容繁复、完整,藏文题记清楚可识别,其“规模之大是其他金沙江沿岸寺院难以企及的”,有部分壁画“</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">在德格乃至整个康区都是独一无二的”</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">。除建筑遗迹和古老壁画,汪堆寺还保存的有古旧唐卡、古旧造像等文物,以及不同时期与康区政教上层的重要历史文书。</span></p><figure style="box-sizing: border-box; display: table; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.05em; margin: 0px; padding-top: 15px;"><img alt="IMG_0086.jpeg" class="image-richtext image-inline" src="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/img_0086.jpeg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; float: none; height: auto; margin-right: 15px; margin-top: 10px; max-width: 100%; padding-bottom: 5px; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;" title="IMG_0086.jpeg" /><figcaption style="box-sizing: border-box; caption-side: bottom; font-family: &quot;Merriweather Sans&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 17px; margin: 0.1em 0.5em 0.7em 0.1em;">汪堆寺内现保存古老壁画的建筑,一是山上旧经堂即吉祥天母殿;二是有100根柱子、高7米的百柱殿。(唯色图片)</figcaption></figure><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">相关研究介绍:“汪堆寺百柱殿的壁画体量远大于德格印经院和银南寺的壁画。尽管三处寺院相隔并不远</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">,</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">但金沙江沿江一带仅见此一处如此大规模的寺院遗存。”“是迄今为止当地发现的最为重要的藏传佛教壁画之一,对研究藏族绘画艺术具有较高的参考价值。”“是目前甘孜地区,乃至金沙江两岸地区藏传佛教寺庙建筑主体空间最大,壁画面积最大的寺庙之一,填补了德格地区艺术史研究资料的空白,对于研究德格以及藏东地区藏传佛教发展史和艺术发展史具有重要的不可替代的学术价值。”</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">需要强调的是,包括安多、卫藏和康等全藏地六千多座寺院在经历了1950年代的军事镇压、1966年至1976年的文化大革命,绝大多数遭到了灭顶性的破坏,能够幸免于难的非常少,而古寺汪堆寺为其中之一,这是因为当地村民的虔敬护卫,把最重要的经堂和百柱殿当作存放青稞、牲畜饲料的仓库,寺院的古旧造像、老唐卡等埋藏在山上,壁画基本上没遭毁损,主体建筑没被拆除,如此才幸运地保存下来。直到1983年恢复信仰,中国当局允许寺院开放、信众出家,汪堆寺重又获得生机。但四十年后的今天,因中国水电大开发,寺院、村庄和生态环境均面临被淹没的厄运。也就是说:幸存于文革之劫,如今却面临水电开发之劫!</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">还在2012年即十二年前,已在全藏各地多处修建水电站的中国华能集团,因计划在四川省甘孜藏族自治州德格县和西藏自治区昌都地区江达县之间修建水电站,将导致金沙江两岸的多个村庄、多座寺院被淹没,村民和僧众被移民,其中就有德格县汪布顶乡及汪堆寺、银南寺,而当时,德格藏人就呼吁:“修水电站不仅让我们无家可归,而且破坏环境,我们和寺庙喇嘛都坚决反对。</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">政府怕十八大(即2012年11月召开的中共十八大会议)前出事,就答应我们说如果得不到当地绝大部分群众80%以上同意的话,就不会修建水电站,但这些都是骗老百姓的方法,我们不能相信。”</span></p><figure style="box-sizing: border-box; display: table; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.05em; margin: 0px; padding-top: 15px;"><img alt="IMG_0114.jpeg" class="image-richtext image-inline" src="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/img_0114.jpeg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; float: none; height: auto; margin-right: 15px; margin-top: 10px; max-width: 100%; padding-bottom: 5px; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;" title="IMG_0114.jpeg" /><figcaption style="box-sizing: border-box; caption-side: bottom; font-family: &quot;Merriweather Sans&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 17px; margin: 0.1em 0.5em 0.7em 0.1em;">岗托水电站,将完全淹没藏东德格(今四川省甘孜藏族自治州德格县)境内的至少六座寺院。(唯色图片)</figcaption></figure><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">我在网上搜了关于水电站的相关信息,从青藏高原奔流而下的金沙江,所蕴含的水力资源被认为“占长江水力资源的40%以上,水电富集程度居世界前列”,已规划开建全球最大的水电工程包括二十七个梯级水电站,仅在上游就有十三个梯级水电站,被认为是中国华能集团等国企的“肥肉”!这“肥肉“之说让我想起几年前见过一个因在甘孜州乡城县修水电站而暴富的四川人,他有果树成荫的巨大庄园、有一排排豪车和豪华游艇、有一各个酒窖堆满红酒白酒等等,他还有从藏地寺院拿走的唐卡佛像、从藏地乡村带出的各种山珍,摆满了餐厅似的房间。其实水电站就是他的赚钱机器就是他们取之不尽的赚钱机器。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">多年前就有中国的环保人士警告:“向青藏高原大举进入”的金沙江流域众多的梯级水电站,是“悬在头上的危险”,因为这里是“中国甚至世界上地质灾害最发育和最密集的地区,进入2000年以来全世界规模最大,密度最高的金沙江水电群就建设在这样一条河流上”。实际上,近年来金沙江沿江的水库电站附近已经多次发生了山体滑坡、江水断流、民不聊生的灾害,如2018年10月间,金沙江干流就发生了山体滑坡壅塞河道,寺院和村庄遭遇洪流,民众的生命和财产遭受威胁和损失,但在中国官媒的报道里,却又一次成了赞扬当局抢险救灾的颂歌。</span></p><figure style="box-sizing: border-box; display: table; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.05em; margin: 0px; padding-top: 15px;"><img alt="IMG_0171.jpeg" class="image-richtext image-inline" src="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/img_0171.jpeg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; float: none; height: auto; margin-right: 15px; margin-top: 10px; max-width: 100%; padding-bottom: 5px; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;" title="IMG_0171.jpeg" /><figcaption style="box-sizing: border-box; caption-side: bottom; font-family: &quot;Merriweather Sans&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 17px; margin: 0.1em 0.5em 0.7em 0.1em;">多年前就有中国的环保人士警告:“向青藏高原大举进入”的金沙江流域众多的梯级水电站,是“悬在头上的危险”。(唯色图片)</figcaption></figure><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">我很难过,鉴于种种令人压抑的现状,我们可能无法改变将被这些水电站吞噬藏地寺院和村庄的厄运。从网上找到的视频和图片可以看到汪堆寺所在的风景有多么美丽,数百僧众在寺院学习佛法、练习金刚法舞,以及空闲时打篮球的情景有多么美好,而中国的水利专家竟然说这里“属人少地荒地区…这些不毛之地淤了就淤了”,其殖民主义心态昭然若揭!</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">那么,这些专注佛法修行的僧众和依靠寺院安度精神生活的民众,近日来遭到了怎样的遭遇呢?正值藏历新年期间,汪堆寺原本正在举行萨迦派非常重要的俄派七坛城法会,并将在神变月十五日给无数虔诚的信众摩顶祝福,然而法会尚未结束,寺院就已空空荡荡,数百僧众及附近数百村民被毒打、被抓捕、被审讯、被要求签字服从当局的任何指示,而他们,仅仅是想保住这座古寺而已。如果最终不得不妥协搬迁,有百柱佛殿、大面积古老壁画的古寺将会被毁,而且搬迁后的寺院与村庄被分开,渐渐没有僧源,寺院很快就会名存实亡……</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">正如关注人士的呼吁:西藏村庄及其寺院丰富的文化遗产受到中国政府开发项目的威胁,这确实是悲惨的局面。当地人流离失所和历史文物的损失令人担忧。在这种情况下,国际社会需要提高对西藏境况的认识,并倡导保护文化多样性和藏人原住民的人权。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">另外,我们也恳切希望藏传佛教的高僧大德们,以在世间的广大影响力来保护成千上万信仰者的家园。从网上看到照片,被萨迦派信奉中心的德格民众视为依怙主的萨迦派第43任萨迦法王,被众多汉人弟子包括明星名流拥护的宗萨钦哲仁波切等,曾莅临萨迦派甚为重要的汪堆寺,也因此了解这是怎样的一座具有世界文化遗产价值的精神宝库而值得竭力地延存于世。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br /></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px;"><span style="font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: normal;"><span style="font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.05em;">(</span></span><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, FreeSerif, serif; letter-spacing: 0.9px;">本文发表于自由亚洲特约评论:</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, FreeSerif, serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.9px;"><a href="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-03042024093653.html">https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-03042024093653.html</a>)</span></span></p></div>Unknown[email protected]0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-101413679960970342.post-26120892979218381772024-04-06T17:46:00.006+08:002024-04-06T17:46:35.893+08:00特约评论 | 唯色:《杀劫》2023年最新修订版与前两版有何不同?(十六)<p>&nbsp;</p><div class="clear" style="box-sizing: border-box; clear: both;"></div><div id="headerimg" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: table; float: left; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17px; margin-bottom: 36px; margin-right: 36px; width: 1px;"><img alt="评论 | 唯色:《杀劫》2023年最新修订版与前两版有何不同?(十六)" height="674" src="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-03262024144756.html/@@images/0334ca87-0b8d-470e-90d4-e991f0eca5d0.jpeg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; vertical-align: middle;" title="评论 | 唯色:《杀劫》2023年最新修订版与前两版有何不同?(十六)" width="620" /><span class="lead_image_caption" style="box-sizing: border-box; caption-side: bottom; display: block; font-family: &quot;Merriweather Sans&quot;, sans-serif; font-weight: 600; line-height: 17px; margin: 12px 0.5em 0.7em 0.1em; width: 620px;">《杀劫》2023年最新修订版272页</span><div id="zoomattribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; height: auto; margin: 0px; padding-right: 15px; position: relative; text-align: right; top: 0px; vertical-align: middle; width: 620px;"><a data-caption="《杀劫》2023年最新修订版272页" data-fancybox="" href="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-03262024144756.html/@@images/image/social_media" id="single_image" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; box-sizing: border-box; color: black; text-decoration-line: none;" title="《杀劫》2023年最新修订版272页"><img src="https://www.rfa.org/++plone++rfa-resources/img/icon-zoom.png" style="border: none; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; vertical-align: middle;" />&nbsp;</a><span class="copyright" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10px;">摄影者:泽仁多吉</span></div></div><div id="storytext" style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px;"><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><img alt="190409-RFA-SC12-552f8272.jpg" class="image-richtext image-inline" src="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-03262024144756.html/190409-rfa-sc12-552f8272.jpg/@@images/12ebb194-84a0-4a9c-8f80-75bb8b9cf57f.jpeg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; float: left; height: auto; margin-right: 15px; margin-top: 10px; max-width: 100%; padding-bottom: 5px; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;" title="190409-RFA-SC12-552f8272.jpg" />比较《杀劫》2023年最新修订版与之前两版(2006年初版、2016年纪念版),就我父亲在西藏文革期间拍摄的照片所做的说明,我打算选择其中补充与更改较多的图文,编辑成多篇帖子发表于自由亚洲特约评论专栏,为的是让更多的读者了解并不久远却仿佛淡忘的历史。请勿认为我一直在喋喋不休发生在西藏的文化大革命,一直在类似碎碎念地提及“杀劫”(藏语“革命”的谐音)和“人类杀劫”(藏语“文化大革命”的谐音)造成的毁灭,这实际上是因为基本上,几乎,只有我一个人的声音,在用中文讲述西藏历史上从未有过的“人类杀劫”的惨烈故事。</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">43、271页</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">人们在新华书店争相购买“红宝书”——《毛泽东选集》和《毛主席语录》。</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">据中国官媒称,“从一九五一年到一九七六年共印制……各种版本的《毛选》(包括少数民族文版、盲文板、外文版)大约两点五亿套”。毛语录“仅国家出版社正式出版的总印数就有十亿五千五百多万册”,并译成藏文,有汉藏文对照版,于一九六七年六月二十五日出版发行五十万册,被形容为“西藏人民的大喜事”。</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">一九六九年四月三日,拉萨新华书店继续大量发行《毛泽东选集》六四开精装合订本和《毛主席语录》、《毛主席的五篇著作》、《毛主席诗词》一二八开塑胶精装本等等,印数之大,全西藏可以人人一本在手。据说最小的毛语录是五一二开,火柴盒那么大,但应是中文。藏文版毛语录据说有一二八开的。</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">44、272页</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">为贯彻毛泽东的“三支两军”,一辆辆“解放牌”汽车,把一个个毛泽东思想宣传队送到西藏的农村和牧区,支援当地的农牧业。据西藏军区一九六八年“关于进一步做好‘三支’‘两军’工作的指示”中强调:“主要的形式是毛泽东思想宣传队,必需实行军管的单位仍继续实行军管。”“各地驻军均有对所驻地方单位和驻地附近群众进行宣传的责任。”</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">其成就如何呢?</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">文革结束后,西藏高层召开内部座谈会的总结是(注:来自一份一九八五年的中共西藏内部材料,是西藏自治区与西藏军区联合对军队在“三支两军”期间所犯错误的调查):“文革期间,我区部队约有一二三三名营以上干部在西藏地方参加『三支两军』,其中参加『三结合』的七一六名,涉及地方五六六个单位。仅军区机关在地方『支左』的营以上干部据不完全统计就有一六四人,涉及地方七十六个单位。这么多人参加『三支两军』,给地方,给军队,给自己都带来了严重的消极后果。”</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p><figure class="image-richtext image-inline captioned" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; display: table; float: none; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; height: auto; letter-spacing: 0.9px; margin: 10px 15px 0px 0px; max-width: 100%; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-top: 15px; width: 765px;"><img alt="《杀劫》2023年最新修订版274页(摄影者:泽仁多吉)" height="768" src="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-03262024144756.html/36708rfa8bc48bba2-p274-002.jpg/@@images/0c005d6a-5d84-4a46-956f-6967c1b0683d.jpeg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; max-width: 620px; vertical-align: middle;" title="3月RFA评论2-P274-002.jpg" width="765" /><figcaption class="image-caption" style="box-sizing: border-box; caption-side: bottom; font-family: &quot;Merriweather Sans&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 17px; margin: 7px 0.5em 0.7em 0.1em; max-width: 620px;">《杀劫》2023年最新修订版274页(摄影者:泽仁多吉)</figcaption><small style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10px;"></small><div id="zoomattribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; height: auto; margin: 0px; padding-right: 15px; position: relative; text-align: right; top: 0px; vertical-align: middle; width: 765px;"><a data-caption="《杀劫》2023年最新修订版274页(摄影者:泽仁多吉)" data-fancybox="" href="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-03262024144756.html/36708rfa8bc48bba2-p274-002.jpg" id="single_image" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0645ad;" target="_blank" title="《杀劫》2023年最新修订版274页(摄影者:泽仁多吉)"><img src="https://www.rfa.org/++plone++rfa-resources/img/icon-zoom.png" style="border: none; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; max-width: 620px; vertical-align: middle;" /></a></div></figure><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">45、274页</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">军宣队在田间地头组织农民学习毛主席著作。据《西藏大事辑录(一九四九——一九八五)》记载:&nbsp;</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">【一九六六年】九月十四日西藏日报报导:近日来,人民解放军驻西藏各部队纷纷组织宣传队,深入农村牧区,向群众宣传党的八届一中全会公报和十六条,宣传毛主席接见“红卫兵”的消息。&nbsp;</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">【一九六七年】三月三十日西藏日报报导:为贯彻毛主席的指示,支援春耕生产 和工业生产,西藏军区党委抽调了四千余名干部、战士组成毛泽东思想宣传队, 深入到农村、牧场、工矿、城镇、学校,宣传毛主席“抓革命,促生产”的方针,宣传中共中央给全国农村、工矿企业革命群众和革命干部的两封信。&nbsp;</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">【一九七○年】四月十四日西藏日报报道:一年来,驻藏人民解放军组织成千上万支毛泽东思想宣传队,深入农牧区宣传毛泽东思想。&nbsp;</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">【一九七三年】八月一日西藏日报报导:今年以来,驻藏人民解放军各部队派出医疗队(组)一百零一个、宣传队一百八十多个深入农村牧区。他们为群众防病 治病、理发六千八百多人次,放电影八百多场次,向群众宣传毛主席关于“农业 学大寨”的号召,开展思想和政治路线的教育。……&nbsp;</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><figure class="image-richtext image-inline captioned" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; display: table; float: none; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; height: auto; letter-spacing: 0.9px; margin: 10px 15px 0px 0px; max-width: 100%; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-top: 15px; width: 1200px;"><img alt="《杀劫》2023年最新修订版280页(摄影者:泽仁多吉)" height="1200" src="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-03262024144756.html/36708rfa8bc48bba2-p280-003.jpg/@@images/d55c1aec-0f11-4a8a-a9c9-246fd7d555b7.jpeg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; max-width: 620px; vertical-align: middle;" title="3月RFA评论2-P280-003.jpg" width="1200" /><figcaption class="image-caption" style="box-sizing: border-box; caption-side: bottom; font-family: &quot;Merriweather Sans&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 17px; margin: 7px 0.5em 0.7em 0.1em; max-width: 620px;">《杀劫》2023年最新修订版280页(摄影者:泽仁多吉)</figcaption><small style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10px;"></small><div id="zoomattribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; height: auto; margin: 0px; padding-right: 15px; position: relative; text-align: right; top: 0px; vertical-align: middle; width: 1200px;"><a data-caption="《杀劫》2023年最新修订版280页(摄影者:泽仁多吉)" data-fancybox="" href="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-03262024144756.html/36708rfa8bc48bba2-p280-003.jpg" id="single_image" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0645ad;" target="_blank" title="《杀劫》2023年最新修订版280页(摄影者:泽仁多吉)"><img src="https://www.rfa.org/++plone++rfa-resources/img/icon-zoom.png" style="border: none; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; max-width: 620px; vertical-align: middle;" /></a></div></figure><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">46、280页</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">毛泽东变成了看守庄稼的稻草人,似乎具有驱虫避害的莫大威力。这幅图景在当时的西藏农村比比皆是。而这是因为以宣传毛泽东思想为主要任务的军宣队到处送毛像,被宣传得神乎其神的毛泽东犹如一个新神,使得西藏农民将毛视为无所不能的新神,当然这也很有可能是农村干部们、积极分子们这样做的。</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p><figure class="image-richtext image-inline captioned" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; display: table; float: none; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; height: auto; letter-spacing: 0.9px; margin: 10px 15px 0px 0px; max-width: 100%; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-top: 15px; width: 1065px;"><img alt="《杀劫》2023年最新修订版285页(摄影者:泽仁多吉)" height="585" src="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-03262024144756.html/36708rfa8bc48bba2-p285-004.jpg/@@images/782e0dfa-b5cc-4cd7-8b1a-0fb97dd1a9ec.jpeg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; max-width: 620px; vertical-align: middle;" title="3月RFA评论2-P285-004.jpg" width="1065" /><figcaption class="image-caption" style="box-sizing: border-box; caption-side: bottom; font-family: &quot;Merriweather Sans&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 17px; margin: 7px 0.5em 0.7em 0.1em; max-width: 620px;">《杀劫》2023年最新修订版285页(摄影者:泽仁多吉)</figcaption><small style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10px;"></small><div id="zoomattribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; height: auto; margin: 0px; padding-right: 15px; position: relative; text-align: right; top: 0px; vertical-align: middle; width: 1065px;"><a data-caption="《杀劫》2023年最新修订版285页(摄影者:泽仁多吉)" data-fancybox="" href="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-03262024144756.html/36708rfa8bc48bba2-p285-004.jpg" id="single_image" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0645ad;" target="_blank" title="《杀劫》2023年最新修订版285页(摄影者:泽仁多吉)"><img src="https://www.rfa.org/++plone++rfa-resources/img/icon-zoom.png" style="border: none; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; max-width: 620px; vertical-align: middle;" /></a></div></figure><figure class="image-richtext image-inline captioned" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; display: table; float: none; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; height: auto; letter-spacing: 0.9px; margin: 10px 15px 0px 0px; max-width: 100%; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-top: 15px; width: 1065px;"><img alt="《杀劫》2023年最新修订版286页(摄影者:泽仁多吉)" height="1065" src="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-03262024144756.html/36708rfa8bc48bba2-p286-005.jpg/@@images/6fa04006-6840-4a1f-af79-0241a7f1ee7a.jpeg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; max-width: 620px; vertical-align: middle;" title="3月RFA评论2-P286-005.jpg" width="1065" /><figcaption class="image-caption" style="box-sizing: border-box; caption-side: bottom; font-family: &quot;Merriweather Sans&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 17px; margin: 7px 0.5em 0.7em 0.1em; max-width: 620px;">《杀劫》2023年最新修订版286页(摄影者:泽仁多吉)</figcaption><small style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10px;"></small><div id="zoomattribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; height: auto; margin: 0px; padding-right: 15px; position: relative; text-align: right; top: 0px; vertical-align: middle; width: 1065px;"><a data-caption="《杀劫》2023年最新修订版286页(摄影者:泽仁多吉)" data-fancybox="" href="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-03262024144756.html/36708rfa8bc48bba2-p286-005.jpg" id="single_image" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0645ad;" target="_blank" title="《杀劫》2023年最新修订版286页(摄影者:泽仁多吉)"><img src="https://www.rfa.org/++plone++rfa-resources/img/icon-zoom.png" style="border: none; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; max-width: 620px; vertical-align: middle;" /></a></div></figure><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">47、285-286页</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">一九七六年九月九日,西藏自治区成立十一周年的当天,毛泽东死了。一个月后,发生在北京中南海里面的事件,在中国大地引起大地震似的动荡和改变,也在整个藏地引起连锁性的强烈反应。包括照片上西藏东部的康区,即今四川省甘孜藏族自治州道孚县。&nbsp;</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">在前后两幅照片上,画面中虽然还是有我们熟悉的情景:军人、民兵、红旗、标语,以及毛泽东的巨幅画像;但标语牌上的内容已经变了,一个新的名字出现了——“热烈庆祝华国锋同志任中共中央主席中央军委主席”,这表明,毛的时代结束了。</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">在拉萨,据《中共西藏党史大事记》记载一九七六年十月的大事:十月六日 “四人帮”反革命集团被粉碎 以华国锋、叶剑英、李先念等为核心的中央政治局,执行党和人民的意志,采取断然措施,粉碎了江青反革命集团,结束了“文化大革命”的十年动乱。这是全党、全军和全国各族人民长期斗争取得的伟大胜利。十月七日 华国锋任中共中央主席,西藏党、政、军、民热烈拥护。十月二十三日 拉萨地区、各族军民六万多人举行了盛况空前的庆祝大会,在党政军负责同志带领下进行了声势浩大的游行,大会向党中央发了贺电。</span></p><div><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.05em;"><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: normal;"><span style="font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.05em;">(</span></span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, FreeSerif, serif; letter-spacing: 0.9px;">本文发表于自由亚洲特约评论:</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, FreeSerif, serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.9px;"><a href="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-03262024144756.html">https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-03262024144756.html</a>)</span></span></div></div>Unknown[email protected]0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-101413679960970342.post-6535026859378752852024-04-06T17:45:00.001+08:002024-04-06T17:45:03.897+08:00特约评论 | 唯色:《杀劫》2023年最新修订版与前两版有何不同?(十五)<p><br /></p><div class="clear" style="box-sizing: border-box; clear: both;"></div><div id="headerimg" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: table; float: left; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17px; margin-bottom: 36px; margin-right: 36px; width: 1px;"><img alt="评论 | 唯色:《杀劫》2023年最新修订版与前两版有何不同?(十五)" height="405" src="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-02262024142356.html/@@images/e54b0cec-8dd7-4df7-8cf4-0a897345b4a6.jpeg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; vertical-align: middle;" title="评论 | 唯色:《杀劫》2023年最新修订版与前两版有何不同?(十五)" width="620" /><span class="lead_image_caption" style="box-sizing: border-box; caption-side: bottom; display: block; font-family: &quot;Merriweather Sans&quot;, sans-serif; font-weight: 600; line-height: 17px; margin: 12px 0.5em 0.7em 0.1em; width: 620px;">从正穿过土地的游行队伍的服装上来辨别,他们应该是拉萨近郊的农民。那么,我父亲所拍摄的是西藏的第一个人民公社——通嘎人民公社吗?</span><div id="zoomattribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; height: auto; margin: 0px; padding-right: 15px; position: relative; text-align: right; top: 0px; vertical-align: middle; width: 620px;"><a data-caption="从正穿过土地的游行队伍的服装上来辨别,他们应该是拉萨近郊的农民。那么,我父亲所拍摄的是西藏的第一个人民公社——通嘎人民公社吗?" data-fancybox="" href="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-02262024142356.html/@@images/image/social_media" id="single_image" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; box-sizing: border-box; color: black; text-decoration-line: none;" title="从正穿过土地的游行队伍的服装上来辨别,他们应该是拉萨近郊的农民。那么,我父亲所拍摄的是西藏的第一个人民公社——通嘎人民公社吗?"><img src="https://www.rfa.org/++plone++rfa-resources/img/icon-zoom.png" style="border: none; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; vertical-align: middle;" />&nbsp;</a><span class="copyright" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10px;">《杀劫》2023年版258页</span></div></div><div id="storytext" style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px;"><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><img alt="2012-01-13T120000Z_1491732182_GM1E81D1KW701_RTRMADP_3_TAIWAN.JPG" class="image-richtext image-left" src="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/2012-01-13t120000z_1491732182_gm1e81d1kw701_rtrmadp_3_taiwan.jpg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; float: left; height: auto; margin: 0.5em 1em 0.5em 0px; max-width: 620px; vertical-align: middle;" title="2012-01-13T120000Z_1491732182_GM1E81D1KW701_RTRMADP_3_TAIWAN.JPG" />比较《杀劫》2023年最新修订版与之前两版(2006年初版、2016年纪念版),就我父亲在西藏文革期间拍摄的照片所做的说明,我打算选择其中补充与更改较多的图文,编辑成多篇帖子发表于自由亚洲特约评论专栏,为的是让更多的读者了解并不久远却仿佛淡忘的历史。请勿认为我一直在喋喋不休发生在西藏的文化大革命,一直在类似碎碎念地提及“杀劫”(藏语“革命”的谐音)和“人类杀劫”(藏语“文化大革命”的谐音)造成的毁灭,这实际上是因为基本上,几乎,只有我一个人的声音,在用中文讲述西藏历史上从未有过的“人类杀劫”的惨烈故事。</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">在装有这几幅照片的底片袋上写着“庆祝人民公社”的字样。天高云淡,颇为广阔的土地把模样敦实的山推得老远。从正穿过土地的游行队伍的服装上来辨别,他们应该是拉萨近郊的农民。那么,我父亲所拍摄的是西藏的第一个人民公社——通嘎人民公社吗?</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">图左是一幅有意思的照片。我们头一回看见列宁的画像高高地举在西藏农民的手中。为什么会选择列宁的画像呢?共产党的其他几位祖师爷如马克思、恩格斯和史达林的画像何以不见其中?当然,这是一个不会有答案的问题,其实也无关紧要,对于西藏的农民来说,他们和毛泽东一样,都是外来的神灵。列宁画像左边的牌子上用藏文写的是“我们一定要按照毛主席的指示,敢于斗争,勇于革命,善于斗争,善于革命。我们以毛泽东思想作为无产阶级文化大革命的指南针,认真、全面、彻底、一字不漏地贯彻执行十六条”。年轻农民高举的横幅上用藏文写的是“庆祝无产阶级文化大革命和全区人民公社化”。</span></p><figure style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; display: table; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.9px; margin: 0px; padding-top: 15px;"><img alt="2月RFA评论2-P263-002.jpg" class="image-richtext image-inline" src="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/26708rfa8bc48bba2-p263-002.jpg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; float: none; height: auto; margin-right: 15px; margin-top: 10px; max-width: 100%; padding-bottom: 5px; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;" title="2月RFA评论2-P263-002.jpg" /><figcaption style="box-sizing: border-box; caption-side: bottom; font-family: &quot;Merriweather Sans&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 17px; margin: 0.1em 0.5em 0.7em 0.1em;">走在前面的显然是党的女干部,她身穿不同于身后老百姓的干部服装,裤子上的两块大补丁十分醒目,以示艰苦朴素的作风。(《杀劫》2023年版263页)</figcaption></figure><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">走在前面的显然是党的女干部,她身穿不同于身后老百姓的干部服装,裤子上的两块大补丁十分醒目,以示艰苦朴素的作风。她是乡长?县长?还是工作组的组长?她独自走在这一群西藏农民的前面,如同一位带路人,正引领着西藏农民走在通往社会主义天堂的金光大道上。这座金光大道就是人民公社,它依傍着广阔农村的田地,长满杂草。——党教导我们:“宁要社会主义的草,不要资本主义的苗”,这正是“人民公社”的特色。</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">从成都、康定等地,来到康地农村当“知识青年”的年轻汉人,似乎过着一种浪漫生活。被称为“知青”的年轻人,穿上藏装骑着马由摄影师摆拍,或者化浓妆,在简陋的舞台上表演汉藏大团结、军民一家亲的歌舞。但据了解,这些以汉人为主要的“知青”,实际上多数在西藏农村过着精神痛苦的日子。我采访过于一九七六年八月,从沈阳来到西藏农村的六十多位“知青”中的一位。他说:“同伴们很不习惯西藏农村的生活,天天都呆在屋子里,也不参加劳动,不到半年,一个个都走了”。但他“愿意在西藏农村开天辟地”。而且全村老百姓很照顾他,他说他吃过全村每一家的饭,他们自己舍不得吃的鸡蛋、喝的酥油茶都要给他送来。&nbsp;</span></p><figure style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; display: table; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.9px; margin: 0px; padding-top: 15px;"><img alt="2月RFA评论2-P263-003.jpg" class="image-richtext image-inline" src="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/26708rfa8bc48bba2-p263-003.jpg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; float: none; height: auto; margin-right: 15px; margin-top: 10px; max-width: 100%; padding-bottom: 5px; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;" title="2月RFA评论2-P263-003.jpg" /><figcaption style="box-sizing: border-box; caption-side: bottom; font-family: &quot;Merriweather Sans&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 17px; margin: 0.1em 0.5em 0.7em 0.1em;">被称为“知青”的年轻人,穿上藏装骑着马由摄影师摆拍,或者化浓妆,在简陋的舞台上表演汉藏大团结。(《杀劫》2023年版263页)</figcaption></figure><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">又如在拉萨,前面写过,一九六九年九月,“拉萨中学首批一三二名知识青年到农村安家落户”。随后,所有学生都被赶到乡下去了。曾遭批斗过的德木·旺久多吉对我说,一九六八年九月,他和一位男同学去色拉寺下面的扎其村当“知青”,村子里的老百姓怜悯他们,说城里长大的孩子来农村吃苦真可怜,把过去寺院堪布(寺院高僧)的房子让他们住,经常叫他们去吃饭,允许他们常常回家,还给最高的工分——八分,到了年底分到的青稞折合成人民币两百元左右。在农闲季节,他们和年轻农民组织了一个宣传队到处演出,他拉过二胡,敲过鼓,演过解放军,还演过剥削、压迫农奴的“三大领主”。但因为他是“牛鬼蛇神”的子女,连村里传达“林彪事件”也没有资格去听。直到一九七二年才离开农村,去曾在拉萨 开办过几年的玻璃厂当了工人。&nbsp;</span></p><div><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.9px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.05em;">(</span></span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, FreeSerif, serif; letter-spacing: 0.9px;">本文发表于自由亚洲特约评论:</span><span style="font-family: Microsoft YaHei, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif;"><a href="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-02262024142356.html)">https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-02262024142356.html)</a></span></span></div><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p></div>Unknown[email protected]0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-101413679960970342.post-91448471806492418652024-04-06T17:42:00.002+08:002024-04-06T17:42:23.262+08:00特约评论 | 唯色:《杀劫》2023年最新修订版与前两版有何不同?(十四)<p><br /></p><div class="mobilecontainer" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><div id="storytop" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; font-size: 10px; margin-bottom: 12px; width: 620px;"></div></div><div class="clear" style="box-sizing: border-box; clear: both;"></div><div id="headerimg" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: table; float: left; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17px; margin-bottom: 36px; margin-right: 36px; width: 1px;"><img alt="评论 | 唯色:《杀劫》2023年最新修订版与前两版有何不同?(十四)" height="412" src="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-02132024080603.html/@@images/041c1cf5-504d-4dd0-8935-c8f6e121ec4d.jpeg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; vertical-align: middle;" title="评论 | 唯色:《杀劫》2023年最新修订版与前两版有何不同?(十四)" width="620" /><span class="lead_image_caption" style="box-sizing: border-box; caption-side: bottom; display: block; font-family: &quot;Merriweather Sans&quot;, sans-serif; font-weight: 600; line-height: 17px; margin: 12px 0.5em 0.7em 0.1em; width: 620px;">《杀劫》2023年最新修订版238页</span><div id="zoomattribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; height: auto; margin: 0px; padding-right: 15px; position: relative; text-align: right; top: 0px; vertical-align: middle; width: 620px;"><a data-caption="《杀劫》2023年最新修订版238页" data-fancybox="" href="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-02132024080603.html/@@images/image/social_media" id="single_image" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; box-sizing: border-box; color: black; text-decoration-line: none;" title="《杀劫》2023年最新修订版238页"><img src="https://www.rfa.org/++plone++rfa-resources/img/icon-zoom.png" style="border: none; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; vertical-align: middle;" />&nbsp;</a><span class="copyright" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10px;">摄影者:泽仁多吉</span></div></div><div id="storytext" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.05em; line-height: 24px;"><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><img alt="190409-RFA-SC12-552f8272.jpg" class="image-richtext image-inline captioned" src="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/190409-rfa-sc12-552f8272-1.jpg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; float: left; height: auto; margin-right: 15px; margin-top: 10px; max-width: 100%; padding-bottom: 5px; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;" title="190409-RFA-SC12-552f8272.jpg" />比较《杀劫》2023年最新修订版与之前两版(2006年初版、2016年纪念版),就我父亲在西藏文革期间拍摄的照片所做的说明,我打算选择其中补充与更改较多的图文,编辑成多篇帖子发表于自由亚洲特约评论专栏,为的是让更多的读者了解并不久远却仿佛淡忘的历史。请勿认为我一直在喋喋不休发生在西藏的文化大革命,一直在类似碎碎念地提及“杀劫”(藏语“革命”的谐音)和“人类杀劫”(藏语“文化大革命”的谐音)造成的毁灭,这实际上是因为基本上,几乎,只有我一个人的声音,在用中文讲述西藏历史上从未有过的“人类杀劫”的惨烈故事。</p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">36、238页</p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">从县、区、公社、生产队,每一级都建立的有民兵组织。要把普通百姓变成士兵,必须进行步枪打靶等各种军事训练。这是一九六六年末,在拉萨附近农村举行的实弹演习。从图三的景致来看,不远处的树丛旁边,是一幢长方形的建筑,很像我见过的“冲拉拉康”废墟的概貌,即七世达赖喇嘛时期在拉萨河上游东南面的一片树木葱郁的地方,特别修建的一座供奉达赖喇嘛出生之神的神殿。如果是“冲拉拉康”,那么这里是城关区纳金乡红旗村(又称塔玛村),此时称红旗公社。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />37、239页</p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">除了在乡村和牧区组建民兵,各城镇、街道和企事业单位也要建立各级民兵组织,这是在庆祝“……人民庆祝中华人民共和国成立十七周年”的大会上,拉萨市的女民兵方队正在经过主席台,接受党政军高官的检阅。前面介绍过,主席台两边的标语牌上用中文和藏文写着毛泽东“亲自主持制定”的文革纲领即 “十六条”,和林彪副统帅制造毛泽东个人崇拜的指示。</p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><figure class="image-richtext image-inline captioned" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; display: table; float: none; height: auto; letter-spacing: 0.9px; margin: 10px 15px 0px 0px; max-width: 100%; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-top: 15px; width: 993px;"><img alt="《杀劫》2023年最新修订版239页(摄影者:泽仁多吉)" height="647" src="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-02132024080603.html/26708rfa8bc48bba1-p239-002.jpg/@@images/7ea8b253-6f56-48f6-9435-d7e6dd6c1fe6.jpeg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; max-width: 620px; vertical-align: middle;" title="2月RFA评论1-P239-002.jpg" width="993" /><figcaption class="image-caption" style="box-sizing: border-box; caption-side: bottom; font-family: &quot;Merriweather Sans&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 17px; margin: 7px 0.5em 0.7em 0.1em; max-width: 620px;">《杀劫》2023年最新修订版239页(摄影者:泽仁多吉)</figcaption><small style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10px;"></small><div id="zoomattribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; height: auto; margin: 0px; padding-right: 15px; position: relative; text-align: right; top: 0px; vertical-align: middle; width: 993px;"><a data-caption="《杀劫》2023年最新修订版239页(摄影者:泽仁多吉)" data-fancybox="" href="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-02132024080603.html/26708rfa8bc48bba1-p239-002.jpg" id="single_image" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0645ad;" target="_blank" title="《杀劫》2023年最新修订版239页(摄影者:泽仁多吉)"><img src="https://www.rfa.org/++plone++rfa-resources/img/icon-zoom.png" style="border: none; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; max-width: 620px; vertical-align: middle;" /></a></div></figure><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">38、241页</p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">人民武装部乃是本地民兵最直接的指挥机关和训练部门,图中的这两个军人是四川省甘孜藏族自治州道孚县人武部的副部长和参谋,正在手把手地教授这些放下锄头的康地农民如何使用枪枝,如何学会刺杀。这两张照片 都拍摄于一九七○年代初期。当时我父亲已从西藏军区所在的拉萨,因文革派性斗争,被调往道孚县人武部任副部长,主要工作是在当地农牧区把藏人农牧民培训为民兵 。</p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><figure class="image-richtext image-inline captioned" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; display: table; float: none; height: auto; letter-spacing: 0.9px; margin: 10px 15px 0px 0px; max-width: 100%; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-top: 15px; width: 783px;"><img alt="《杀劫》2023年最新修订版241页(摄影者:泽仁多吉)" height="768" src="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-02132024080603.html/26708rfa8bc48bba1-p241-003.jpg/@@images/aafb3a46-e45c-4c69-9327-03d1c58efc15.jpeg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; max-width: 620px; vertical-align: middle;" title="2月RFA评论1-P241-003.jpg" width="783" /><figcaption class="image-caption" style="box-sizing: border-box; caption-side: bottom; font-family: &quot;Merriweather Sans&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 17px; margin: 7px 0.5em 0.7em 0.1em; max-width: 620px;">《杀劫》2023年最新修订版241页(摄影者:泽仁多吉)</figcaption><small style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10px;"></small><div id="zoomattribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; height: auto; margin: 0px; padding-right: 15px; position: relative; text-align: right; top: 0px; vertical-align: middle; width: 783px;"><a data-caption="《杀劫》2023年最新修订版241页(摄影者:泽仁多吉)" data-fancybox="" href="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-02132024080603.html/26708rfa8bc48bba1-p241-003.jpg" id="single_image" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0645ad;" target="_blank" title="《杀劫》2023年最新修订版241页(摄影者:泽仁多吉)"><img src="https://www.rfa.org/++plone++rfa-resources/img/icon-zoom.png" style="border: none; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; max-width: 620px; vertical-align: middle;" /></a></div></figure><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">39、242页</p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">除了军事训练,还要加强政治学习。可是,别说这些遥远边陲的“翻身农奴”根本不懂,就是这些解放军军人,又能够理解“林彪资产阶级军事路线”的含义吗?曾经是中共第二号人物,毛泽东的亲密战友,并作为毛主席的接班人被写入党章的林彪,怎么一下子成了“篡党夺权”的“反革命集团”的坏人?</p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">上图正在苦口婆心教育广大民兵的军人,其实正是我的父亲。而这张照片很可能是另一位武装部军人用我父亲的相机拍摄的 。</p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><figure class="image-richtext image-inline captioned" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; display: table; float: none; height: auto; letter-spacing: 0.9px; margin: 10px 15px 0px 0px; max-width: 100%; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-top: 15px; width: 733px;"><img alt="《杀劫》2023年最新修订版242页(摄影者:泽仁多吉)" height="768" src="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-02132024080603.html/26708rfa8bc48bba1-p242-004.jpg/@@images/130e09a7-33cc-4961-a718-2d3fd6f6c0ab.jpeg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; max-width: 620px; vertical-align: middle;" title="2月RFA评论1-P242-004.jpg" width="733" /><figcaption class="image-caption" style="box-sizing: border-box; caption-side: bottom; font-family: &quot;Merriweather Sans&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 17px; margin: 7px 0.5em 0.7em 0.1em; max-width: 620px;">《杀劫》2023年最新修订版242页(摄影者:泽仁多吉)</figcaption><small style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10px;"></small><div id="zoomattribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; height: auto; margin: 0px; padding-right: 15px; position: relative; text-align: right; top: 0px; vertical-align: middle; width: 733px;"><a data-caption="《杀劫》2023年最新修订版242页(摄影者:泽仁多吉)" data-fancybox="" href="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-02132024080603.html/26708rfa8bc48bba1-p242-004.jpg" id="single_image" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0645ad;" target="_blank" title="《杀劫》2023年最新修订版242页(摄影者:泽仁多吉)"><img src="https://www.rfa.org/++plone++rfa-resources/img/icon-zoom.png" style="border: none; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; max-width: 620px; vertical-align: middle;" /></a></div></figure><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">40、243页</p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">在村头训练与在打场上小憩的男女民兵。注意看,这个康地乡村保留着高高的古碉楼。事实上这些碉楼可能有上千年的历史,与吐蕃时期跟周边唐国等邻国的战争有关,通常有四角、六角、八角、十二角等建筑形式。</p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><figure class="image-richtext image-inline captioned" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; display: table; float: none; height: auto; letter-spacing: 0.9px; margin: 10px 15px 0px 0px; max-width: 100%; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-top: 15px; width: 733px;"><img alt="《杀劫》2023年最新修订版243页(摄影者:泽仁多吉)" height="768" src="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-02132024080603.html/26708rfa8bc48bba1-p243-005.jpg/@@images/f1eb82bd-8b7c-4fea-81d8-fa806aa4afc6.jpeg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; max-width: 620px; vertical-align: middle;" title="2月RFA评论1-P243-005.jpg" width="733" /><figcaption class="image-caption" style="box-sizing: border-box; caption-side: bottom; font-family: &quot;Merriweather Sans&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 17px; margin: 7px 0.5em 0.7em 0.1em; max-width: 620px;">《杀劫》2023年最新修订版243页(摄影者:泽仁多吉)</figcaption><small style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10px;"></small><div id="zoomattribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; height: auto; margin: 0px; padding-right: 15px; position: relative; text-align: right; top: 0px; vertical-align: middle; width: 733px;"><a data-caption="《杀劫》2023年最新修订版243页(摄影者:泽仁多吉)" data-fancybox="" href="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-02132024080603.html/26708rfa8bc48bba1-p243-005.jpg" id="single_image" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0645ad;" target="_blank" title="《杀劫》2023年最新修订版243页(摄影者:泽仁多吉)"><img src="https://www.rfa.org/++plone++rfa-resources/img/icon-zoom.png" style="border: none; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; max-width: 620px; vertical-align: middle;" /></a></div><div>(<span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, FreeSerif, serif; letter-spacing: 0.9px;">本文发表于自由亚洲特约评论:</span></div></figure><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p></div>Unknown[email protected]0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-101413679960970342.post-78947896178341751522024-04-06T17:40:00.002+08:002024-04-06T17:40:18.940+08:00特约评论 | 唯色:《杀劫》2023年最新修订版与前两版有何不同?(十三)<p>&nbsp;</p><div class="clear" style="box-sizing: border-box; clear: both;"></div><div id="headerimg" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: table; float: left; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17px; margin-bottom: 36px; margin-right: 36px; width: 1px;"><img alt="评论 | 唯色:《杀劫》2023年最新修订版与前两版有何不同?(十三)" height="492" src="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-01312024085221.html/@@images/f098dfe0-b6ec-42b7-a7d5-24083bdecd11.jpeg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; vertical-align: middle;" title="评论 | 唯色:《杀劫》2023年最新修订版与前两版有何不同?(十三)" width="620" /><span class="lead_image_caption" style="box-sizing: border-box; caption-side: bottom; display: block; font-family: &quot;Merriweather Sans&quot;, sans-serif; font-weight: 600; line-height: 17px; margin: 12px 0.5em 0.7em 0.1em; width: 620px;">《杀劫》2023年最新修订版223页。</span><div id="zoomattribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; height: auto; margin: 0px; padding-right: 15px; position: relative; text-align: right; top: 0px; vertical-align: middle; width: 620px;"><a data-caption="《杀劫》2023年最新修订版223页。" data-fancybox="" href="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-01312024085221.html/@@images/image/social_media" id="single_image" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; box-sizing: border-box; color: black; text-decoration-line: none;" title="《杀劫》2023年最新修订版223页。"><img src="https://www.rfa.org/++plone++rfa-resources/img/icon-zoom.png" style="border: none; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; vertical-align: middle;" />&nbsp;</a><span class="copyright" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10px;">(摄影者:泽仁多吉)</span></div></div><div id="storytext" style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px;"><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><img alt="190409-RFA-SC12-552f8272.jpg" class="image-richtext image-inline" src="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-01312024085221.html/190409-rfa-sc12-552f8272.jpg/@@images/d1eda0d2-0085-488e-aaef-e2c71ca42011.jpeg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; float: left; height: auto; margin-right: 15px; margin-top: 10px; max-width: 100%; padding-bottom: 5px; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;" title="190409-RFA-SC12-552f8272.jpg" />比较《杀劫》2023<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">年最新修订版与之前两版(</span>2006<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">年初版、</span>2016<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">年纪念版),就我父亲在西藏文革期间拍摄的照片所做的说明,我打算选择其中补充与更改较多的图文,编辑成多篇帖子发表于自由亚洲特约评论专栏,为的是让更多的读者了解并不久远却仿佛淡忘的历史。请勿认为我一直在喋喋不休发生在西藏的文化大革命,一直在类似碎碎念地提及“杀劫”(藏语“革命”的谐音)和“人类杀劫”(藏语“文化大革命”的谐音)造成的毁灭,这实际上是因为基本上,几乎,只有我一个人的声音,在用中文讲述西藏历史上从未有过的“人类杀劫”的惨烈故事。</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">32、223页</p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">当“旧西藏”被“新西藏”替代之后,有一个名词很流行,即“老西藏”,专门用来指代以十八军为代表的中共早期进藏军队,自奉是一支“特别能吃苦、特别能忍耐、特别能战斗”的队伍。而军队和民众之间早期似乎有一段蜜月期,但好景不长,尤其是文革期间的“三支两军”,使得军民关系极度恶化,连中共自己后来也不得不承认:“伤害了民族感情,严重地影响了民族团结”,“想起来令人痛心”(见一九九四年中共西藏自治区委员会政策研究室《西藏自治区重要文件选编》,关于西藏自治区与西藏军区联合对军队在“三支两军”期间所犯错误的调查)。有研究者把军事管制下的西藏称为近代“最黑暗的一页”。</p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">33、224页</p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">为祝贺军管会成立,拉萨的一些“群众组织”纷纷向军管会送喜报。这也是文革中的风气,写在白纸上是大字报,写在红纸上就是喜报。从两个藏族女孩展开的喜报上来看,这是一个名为 “五·二三文化艺术战斗总部”的群众组织送的, 该组织由话剧团、秦剧团和豫剧团等文艺团体的“大联指”成员组成。右上图出现了五张喜报,依文革惯例,应该是来自五个群众组织,并且都是“大联指”的群众组织。五张喜报的格式一样,抬头的“最高指示”都是毛泽东语录,接着是群众组织向军管会表达忠诚,大同小异,套话连篇。在西藏,大字报与喜报通常以中文写成,一是所用的新词很难以藏文表述,二是因为组织者及领导者都是汉人为主。</p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><figure class="image-richtext image-inline captioned" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; display: table; float: none; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; height: auto; letter-spacing: 0.9px; margin: 10px 15px 0px 0px; max-width: 100%; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-top: 15px; width: 726px;"><img alt="《杀劫》2023年最新修订版224页(摄影者:泽仁多吉)。" height="768" src="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-01312024085221.html/16708rfa8bc48bba2-p224-002.jpg/@@images/62338275-3394-4a86-842e-f1689e41eb3d.jpeg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; max-width: 620px; vertical-align: middle;" title="1月RFA评论2-P224-002.jpg" width="726" /><figcaption class="image-caption" style="box-sizing: border-box; caption-side: bottom; font-family: &quot;Merriweather Sans&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 17px; margin: 7px 0.5em 0.7em 0.1em; max-width: 620px;">《杀劫》2023年最新修订版224页(摄影者:泽仁多吉)。</figcaption><small style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10px;"></small><div id="zoomattribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; height: auto; margin: 0px; padding-right: 15px; position: relative; text-align: right; top: 0px; vertical-align: middle; width: 726px;"><a data-caption="《杀劫》2023年最新修订版224页(摄影者:泽仁多吉)。" data-fancybox="" href="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-01312024085221.html/16708rfa8bc48bba2-p224-002.jpg" id="single_image" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0645ad;" target="_blank" title="《杀劫》2023年最新修订版224页(摄影者:泽仁多吉)。"><img src="https://www.rfa.org/++plone++rfa-resources/img/icon-zoom.png" style="border: none; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; max-width: 620px; vertical-align: middle;" /></a></div></figure><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">图中地点是军管会驻扎的自治区交际处(<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">今迎宾馆</span>)<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">。</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">34、225页</p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">毛泽东要求军民之间是鱼水关系,更希望老百姓把解放军看作是“菩萨兵”,为了让西藏“百万翻身农奴” 认可这一点,确实下足了工夫。正如我采访过的一位当年的军人所说:“每次秋收,解放军都要去帮助老百姓, 文革时也是这样,我记得我们都去过很多次”。</p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><figure class="image-richtext image-inline captioned" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; display: table; float: none; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; height: auto; letter-spacing: 0.9px; margin: 10px 15px 0px 0px; max-width: 100%; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-top: 15px; width: 2320px;"><img alt="《杀劫》2023年最新修订版225页三张图片(摄影者:泽仁多吉)。" height="768" src="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-01312024085221.html/16708rfa8bc48bba2-p225-003.jpg/@@images/6b161624-7318-42f9-9720-4727b4024746.jpeg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; max-width: 620px; vertical-align: middle;" title="1月RFA评论2-P225-003.jpg" width="2320" /><figcaption class="image-caption" style="box-sizing: border-box; caption-side: bottom; font-family: &quot;Merriweather Sans&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 17px; margin: 7px 0.5em 0.7em 0.1em; max-width: 620px;">《杀劫》2023年最新修订版225页三张图片(摄影者:泽仁多吉)。</figcaption><small style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10px;"></small><div id="zoomattribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; height: auto; margin: 0px; padding-right: 15px; position: relative; text-align: right; top: 0px; vertical-align: middle; width: 2320px;"><a data-caption="《杀劫》2023年最新修订版225页三张图片(摄影者:泽仁多吉)。" data-fancybox="" href="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-01312024085221.html/16708rfa8bc48bba2-p225-003.jpg" id="single_image" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0645ad;" target="_blank" title="《杀劫》2023年最新修订版225页三张图片(摄影者:泽仁多吉)。"><img src="https://www.rfa.org/++plone++rfa-resources/img/icon-zoom.png" style="border: none; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; max-width: 620px; vertical-align: middle;" /></a></div></figure><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">三张图片是西藏军区后勤部组织“毛泽东思想宣传队”,到拉萨东郊纳金乡的打场帮农民收青稞的场景。这个宣传队由西藏军区的女兵和西藏军区后勤部下属的汽车修配厂的女工组 成。图一、图二正在帮农妇干活的是同一人,因佩戴五角星帽徽和领章,是西藏军区的女兵,汉人,名字不详。下图这个正在筛青稞的漂亮女青年不是女兵,而是在汽修厂当工人的阿努,生于拉萨的藏人。她身后两个与农妇坐在一起的女子,是来自天津的 “支边青年”,也是修配厂的工人, 其中一人外号叫“小辣椒”。“支边” 即“支援边疆”的意思。阿努很早就与我的父母相识,她说工人不能戴帽徽领章。</p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">35、227页</p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">&nbsp;</p><figure class="image-richtext image-inline captioned" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; display: table; float: none; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; height: auto; letter-spacing: 0.9px; margin: 10px 15px 0px 0px; max-width: 100%; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-top: 15px; width: 764px;"><img alt="《杀劫》2023年最新修订版227页(摄影者:泽仁多吉)。" height="768" src="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-01312024085221.html/16708rfa8bc48bba2-p227-006.jpg/@@images/f33985c4-1a9e-4582-af32-3ef7dc4218b6.jpeg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; max-width: 620px; vertical-align: middle;" title="1月RFA评论2-P227-006.jpg" width="764" /><figcaption class="image-caption" style="box-sizing: border-box; caption-side: bottom; font-family: &quot;Merriweather Sans&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 17px; margin: 7px 0.5em 0.7em 0.1em; max-width: 620px;">《杀劫》2023年最新修订版227页(摄影者:泽仁多吉)。</figcaption><small style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10px;"></small><div id="zoomattribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; height: auto; margin: 0px; padding-right: 15px; position: relative; text-align: right; top: 0px; vertical-align: middle; width: 764px;"><a data-caption="《杀劫》2023年最新修订版227页(摄影者:泽仁多吉)。" data-fancybox="" href="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-01312024085221.html/16708rfa8bc48bba2-p227-006.jpg" id="single_image" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0645ad;" target="_blank" title="《杀劫》2023年最新修订版227页(摄影者:泽仁多吉)。"><img src="https://www.rfa.org/++plone++rfa-resources/img/icon-zoom.png" style="border: none; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; max-width: 620px; vertical-align: middle;" /></a></div></figure><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">由军队医务人员组成的巡回医疗队,到缺医少药的乡村给贫穷的老百姓义务看病。此乃最得人心的举措,多少补救了文革后期极其糟糕的军民关系。照片上正在给妇人滴眼药、给女孩打针的女兵,是西藏军区总医院的护士拉姆,其实我在总医院出生时正是她接生的,她在入伍前是成立于一九五○年代的“西藏地方干部学校”(<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">简称“藏干校”</span>)<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的学生,与我母亲是同学。这个学校是中共为培养所谓的“藏族干部”而设,后来大多数在西藏的公安、检察院和法院任职。</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p><div style="font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.05em;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.05em;"><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: normal;"><span style="font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.05em;">(</span></span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, FreeSerif, serif; letter-spacing: 0.9px;">本文发表于自由亚洲特约评论:</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, FreeSerif, serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.9px;"><a href="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-01312024085221.html">https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-01312024085221.html</a>)</span></span></div></div>Unknown[email protected]0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-101413679960970342.post-60213254442814603552024-04-06T17:37:00.004+08:002024-04-06T17:37:29.138+08:00特约评论 | 唯色:《杀劫》2023年最新修订版与前两版有何不同?(十二)<p><br /></p><div class="mobilecontainer" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><div id="storytop" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; font-size: 10px; margin-bottom: 12px; width: 620px;"></div></div><div class="clear" style="box-sizing: border-box; clear: both;"></div><div id="headerimg" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: table; float: left; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17px; margin-bottom: 36px; margin-right: 36px; width: 1px;"><img alt="评论 | 唯色:《杀劫》2023年最新修订版与前两版有何不同?(十二)" height="444" src="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-01112024120425.html/@@images/96e7f83a-2d4e-4e1a-a931-ef7efc2cff4d.jpeg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; vertical-align: middle;" title="评论 | 唯色:《杀劫》2023年最新修订版与前两版有何不同?(十二)" width="620" /><span class="lead_image_caption" style="box-sizing: border-box; caption-side: bottom; display: block; font-family: &quot;Merriweather Sans&quot;, sans-serif; font-weight: 600; line-height: 17px; margin: 12px 0.5em 0.7em 0.1em; width: 620px;">军事化的管理使人人须得提高警惕,严防身边出现阶级敌人。这种军人统治的状况截至一九八六年才告结束。</span><div id="zoomattribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; height: auto; margin: 0px; padding-right: 15px; position: relative; text-align: right; top: 0px; vertical-align: middle; width: 620px;"><a data-caption="军事化的管理使人人须得提高警惕,严防身边出现阶级敌人。这种军人统治的状况截至一九八六年才告结束。" data-fancybox="" href="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-01112024120425.html/@@images/image/social_media" id="single_image" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; box-sizing: border-box; color: black; text-decoration-line: none;" title="军事化的管理使人人须得提高警惕,严防身边出现阶级敌人。这种军人统治的状况截至一九八六年才告结束。"><img src="https://www.rfa.org/++plone++rfa-resources/img/icon-zoom.png" style="border: none; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; vertical-align: middle;" />&nbsp;</a><span class="copyright" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10px;">唯色供图</span></div></div><div id="storytext" style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px;"><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><img alt="2024-01-04T142848Z_1121272555_RC20B5AQQ8WJ_RTRMADP_3_KOSOVO-BRITAIN-TROOPS-CAMERON.JPG" class="image-richtext image-left" src="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-01112024120425.html/2024-01-04t142848z_1121272555_rc20b5aqq8wj_rtrmadp_3_kosovo-britain-troops-cameron.jpg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; float: left; height: auto; margin: 0.5em 1em 0.5em 0px; max-width: 620px; vertical-align: middle;" title="2024-01-04T142848Z_1121272555_RC20B5AQQ8WJ_RTRMADP_3_KOSOVO-BRITAIN-TROOPS-CAMERON.JPG" /></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">比较《杀劫》2023年最新修订版与之前两版(2006年初版、2016年纪念版),就我父亲在西藏文革期间拍摄的照片所做的说明,我打算选择其中补充与更改较多的图文,编辑成多篇帖子发表于自由亚洲特约评论专栏,为的是让更多的读者了解并不久远却仿佛淡忘的历史。请勿认为我一直在喋喋不休发生在西藏的文化大革命,一直在类似碎碎念地提及“杀劫”(藏语“革命”的谐音)和“人类杀劫”(藏语“文化大革命”的谐音)造成的毁灭,这实际上是因为基本上,几乎,只有我一个人的声音,在用中文讲述西藏历史上从未有过的“人类杀劫”的惨烈故事。</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">29、212页</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">长久以来,西藏一直保持着军队进藏之后的习惯,从自治区、拉萨市到各地区乃至各县的第一把手均为军人兼任。军事化的管理使人人须得提高警惕,严防身边出现阶级敌人。这种军人统治的状况截至一九八六年才告结束。&nbsp;</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">这张同时拍摄于这场文革集会的照片上,第一排站立鼓掌的三个军人都是最主要的权力者。戴墨镜的军人是当时大权在握的张国华。正中侧身向右的军人,是继王其梅之后接任西藏军区副政委的任荣,一九七一年起成为西藏军队和地方的最高长官。左一略微垂目低头的军人,是时任西藏军区副司令员的曾雍雅。任荣和曾雍雅的神情耐人寻味,他俩分别为“大联指”与“造总”在军队的后台,彼时已有的那种权力斗争的较量被摄影者捕捉到了。&nbsp;</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">30、214页</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">这些女兵都是西藏军区歌舞团的演员。在军区歌舞团里也分的有两派,“大联指” 这一派是“文艺兵总部”,“造总”那一派是“高原红”,彼此间针锋相对,水 火不容,用当时的话来说,“派性利益高于一切”。右图二排右二女兵,名为索娜,在赞美进藏解放军的红色歌舞、很受中国人欢迎的《洗衣歌》里担任主要演员, 后为军区歌舞团团长,转业后任西藏自治区文化厅副厅长,现已退休成都。&nbsp;</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><figure class="image-richtext image-inline captioned" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; display: table; float: none; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; height: auto; letter-spacing: 0.9px; margin: 10px 15px 0px 0px; max-width: 100%; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-top: 15px; width: 1296px;"><img alt="西藏军区歌舞团的演员分有两派,“大联指” 这一派是“文艺兵总部”,“造总”那一派是“高原红”,彼此间针锋相对。(唯色供图)" height="1298" src="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-01112024120425.html/16708rfa8bc48bba1-p214-002.jpg/@@images/daf873ec-9da3-43f2-83b2-bbfc422f62db.jpeg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; max-width: 620px; vertical-align: middle;" title="1月RFA评论1-P214-002.jpg" width="1296" /><figcaption class="image-caption" style="box-sizing: border-box; caption-side: bottom; font-family: &quot;Merriweather Sans&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 17px; margin: 7px 0.5em 0.7em 0.1em; max-width: 620px;">西藏军区歌舞团的演员分有两派,“大联指” 这一派是“文艺兵总部”,“造总”那一派是“高原红”,彼此间针锋相对。(唯色供图)</figcaption><small style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10px;"></small><div id="zoomattribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; height: auto; margin: 0px; padding-right: 15px; position: relative; text-align: right; top: 0px; vertical-align: middle; width: 1296px;"><a data-caption="西藏军区歌舞团的演员分有两派,“大联指” 这一派是“文艺兵总部”,“造总”那一派是“高原红”,彼此间针锋相对。(唯色供图)" data-fancybox="" href="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-01112024120425.html/16708rfa8bc48bba1-p214-002.jpg" id="single_image" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0645ad;" target="_blank" title="西藏军区歌舞团的演员分有两派,“大联指” 这一派是“文艺兵总部”,“造总”那一派是“高原红”,彼此间针锋相对。(唯色供图)"><img src="https://www.rfa.org/++plone++rfa-resources/img/icon-zoom.png" style="border: none; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; max-width: 620px; vertical-align: middle;" /></a></div></figure><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">这四张照片,应该是一九六七年夏天拍摄,从《西藏大事辑录(一九四九—— 一九八五)》查到,六月二十五日西藏自治区出版发行汉藏文对照《毛主席语录》, 同时中国各地也在出版发行《毛泽东选集》一至四卷。全中国各行各业都须“喜 迎红宝书”。</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">31、219页</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">这四幅照片充分展现了革命军队不可匹敌的气势。浩浩荡荡的队伍和浩浩荡荡的几十辆解放牌汽 车组成的车队,以及车队后面的大炮,在毛泽东巨幅画像的开路下,伴随着招展的红旗和震耳欲聋的大喇叭,穿过“革命群众”的人墙纵队,几乎笔直地沿着人民路开将过来,在靠近区党委政府大院(今天也同样位于此处)时向右拐去。这四幅照片显然是从区党委政府大院的大门上居高临下拍摄的,这也是因为摄影者即我父亲的军人身份所获得的特权。&nbsp;</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">除了巨大的语录牌,连水泥地上都用油漆写满了横七竖八的标语,尚可依稀辨认得出:“坚决揪 出二九惨案的罪魁祸首!”还有一些残缺不全的,如“……军区党委内一小撮坏蛋们的法西斯暴行!”“向首都红卫兵第三司令部……”、“……反革命修正主义的……张国华!”“谁从革命 群众手中夺权就砸烂他的……”“……专打土皇帝联络委员会等反动组织!”等等。&nbsp;</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><figure class="image-richtext image-inline captioned" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; display: table; float: none; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; height: auto; letter-spacing: 0.9px; margin: 10px 15px 0px 0px; max-width: 100%; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-top: 15px; width: 1296px;"><img alt="这四幅照片显然是从区党委政府大院的大门上居高临下拍摄的,这也是因为摄影者即我父亲的军人身份所获得的特权。 (唯色供图)" height="1296" src="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-01112024120425.html/16708rfa8bc48bba1-p219-003.jpg/@@images/65370746-5e7a-4774-ad95-778615a3014a.jpeg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; max-width: 620px; vertical-align: middle;" title="1月RFA评论1-P219-003.jpg" width="1296" /><figcaption class="image-caption" style="box-sizing: border-box; caption-side: bottom; font-family: &quot;Merriweather Sans&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 17px; margin: 7px 0.5em 0.7em 0.1em; max-width: 620px;">这四幅照片显然是从区党委政府大院的大门上居高临下拍摄的,这也是因为摄影者即我父亲的军人身份所获得的特权。 (唯色供图)</figcaption><small style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10px;"></small><div id="zoomattribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; height: auto; margin: 0px; padding-right: 15px; position: relative; text-align: right; top: 0px; vertical-align: middle; width: 1296px;"><a data-caption="这四幅照片显然是从区党委政府大院的大门上居高临下拍摄的,这也是因为摄影者即我父亲的军人身份所获得的特权。 (唯色供图)" data-fancybox="" href="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-01112024120425.html/16708rfa8bc48bba1-p219-003.jpg" id="single_image" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0645ad;" target="_blank" title="这四幅照片显然是从区党委政府大院的大门上居高临下拍摄的,这也是因为摄影者即我父亲的军人身份所获得的特权。 (唯色供图)"><img src="https://www.rfa.org/++plone++rfa-resources/img/icon-zoom.png" style="border: none; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; max-width: 620px; vertical-align: middle;" /></a></div></figure><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">何谓“二.九惨案”?查阅《中共西藏党史大事记》,会发现这么一条:“(一九六七)二.九 首都红卫兵和拉萨一部分群众组织的成员冲进军区揪张国华。数十名首都红卫兵和一部分群众组 织的成员冲进军区大院,继续要求军区领导支持他们搞的‘二.五夺权’,提出‘打倒张国华’,为时达十多小时。”大事记未记录这一行动如何收场,但由“二九惨案”的称谓可以了解到军队可能采取了带有武力的措施。显而易见,这些标语大都是以“造总”为主的“群众组织”所写。&nbsp;</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">“首都红卫兵第三司令部……”,简称“首都三司”,是指“首都大专院校红卫兵革命造反司令部”,当时全中国大名鼎鼎的红卫兵组织之一,在拉萨也有其设立的联络站。&nbsp;</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">当时的拉萨建筑物稀少而低矮,虽然已经出现了那种军营式的难看模式,但我们尚可远望到人民路的尽头是藏式风味十足的大昭寺。大昭寺似与淡入云层的群山一样遥远。</span></p><div style="font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.05em;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: Microsoft YaHei, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.05em;">(</span></span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, FreeSerif, serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.9px;">本文发表于自由亚洲特约评论:</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, FreeSerif, serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.9px;"><a href="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-01112024120425.html">https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-01112024120425.html</a>)</span></span></div><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p></div>Unknown[email protected]0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-101413679960970342.post-60739272368043444072024-04-06T17:34:00.001+08:002024-04-06T17:34:20.327+08:00特约评论 | 唯色:《杀劫》2023年最新修订版与前两版有何不同?(十一)<p><br /></p><div class="mobilecontainer" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"><div id="storytop" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; font-size: 10px; margin-bottom: 12px; width: 620px;"></div></div><div class="clear" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"></div><div id="headerimg" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; display: table; float: left; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17px; margin-bottom: 36px; margin-right: 36px; width: 1px;"><img alt="评论 | 唯色:《杀劫》2023年最新修订版与前两版有何不同?(十一)" height="499" src="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-12262023100235.html/@@images/921bda3b-d5bd-4661-8a75-2bfcffee01a7.jpeg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; vertical-align: middle;" title="评论 | 唯色:《杀劫》2023年最新修订版与前两版有何不同?(十一)" width="620" /><span class="lead_image_caption" style="box-sizing: border-box; caption-side: bottom; display: block; font-family: &quot;Merriweather Sans&quot;, sans-serif; font-weight: 600; line-height: 17px; margin: 12px 0.5em 0.7em 0.1em; width: 620px;">《杀劫》2023年最新修订版190页</span><div id="zoomattribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; height: auto; margin: 0px; padding-right: 15px; position: relative; text-align: right; top: 0px; vertical-align: middle; width: 620px;"><a data-caption="《杀劫》2023年最新修订版190页" data-fancybox="" href="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-12262023100235.html/@@images/image/social_media" id="single_image" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: black; text-decoration-line: none;" title="《杀劫》2023年最新修订版190页"><img src="https://www.rfa.org/++plone++rfa-resources/img/icon-zoom.png" style="border: none; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; vertical-align: middle;" />&nbsp;</a><span class="copyright" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10px;">摄影者:泽仁多吉</span></div></div><div id="storytext" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><img alt="190409-RFA-SC12-552f8272.jpg" class="image-richtext image-inline" src="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-12262023100235.html/190409-rfa-sc12-552f8272.jpg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; float: left; height: auto; margin-right: 15px; margin-top: 10px; max-width: 100%; padding-bottom: 5px; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;" title="190409-RFA-SC12-552f8272.jpg" />比较《杀劫》2023年最新修订版与之前两版(2006年初版、2016年纪念版),就我父亲在西藏文革期间拍摄的照片所做的说明,我打算选择其中补充与更改较多的图文,编辑成多篇帖子发表于自由亚洲特约评论专栏,为的是让更多的读者了解并不久远却仿佛淡忘的历史。请勿认为我一直在喋喋不休发生在西藏的文化大革命,一直在类似碎碎念地提及“杀劫”(藏语“革命”的谐音)和“人类杀劫”(藏语“文化大革命”的谐音)造成的毁灭,这实际上是因为基本上,几乎,只有我一个人的声音,在用中文讲述西藏历史上从未有过的“人类杀劫”的惨烈故事。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">另外,这篇评论文章,特别安排在12月26日即毛泽东130岁冥诞日发表,正是因为“人类杀劫”之文化大革命的始作俑者,即毛泽东。拜他所赐,图伯特各地遭遇了史无前例的杀劫。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">26、190页</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">左臂戴着“农奴戟 红卫兵”袖章的才旦卓玛,此时三十岁。一九六四年,她以一首《祝毛主席万寿无疆》在大型音乐舞蹈剧《东方红》中一鸣惊人,从此成为党的御用歌手,官至副省级。从她戴的红袖章看,说明她是“大联指”一派。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">照片上,与她合影的是从中国各地进藏的红卫兵小将,但不知是从北京还是从哪里来的,穿着素朴的军便服,个个洋溢着青春的活力。看上去像藏人的男子抱着的小孩是谁的孩子呢?是才旦卓玛的女儿吗?</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p><figure class="image-richtext image-inline captioned" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: table; float: none; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; height: auto; letter-spacing: 0.05em; margin: 10px 15px 0px 0px; max-width: 100%; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-top: 15px; width: 1024px;"><img alt="《杀劫》2023年最新修订版191页(摄影者:泽仁多吉)" height="681" src="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-12262023100235.html/126708rfa8bc48bba2-p191-002.jpg/@@images/dac56bf8-b0cd-4886-94bc-c2fcea243b19.jpeg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; max-width: 620px; vertical-align: middle;" title="12月RFA评论2-P191-002.jpg" width="1024" /><figcaption class="image-caption" style="box-sizing: border-box; caption-side: bottom; font-family: &quot;Merriweather Sans&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 17px; margin: 7px 0.5em 0.7em 0.1em; max-width: 620px;">《杀劫》2023年最新修订版191页(摄影者:泽仁多吉)</figcaption><small style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10px;"></small><div id="zoomattribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; height: auto; margin: 0px; padding-right: 15px; position: relative; text-align: right; top: 0px; vertical-align: middle; width: 1024px;"><a data-caption="《杀劫》2023年最新修订版191页(摄影者:泽仁多吉)" data-fancybox="" href="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-12262023100235.html/126708rfa8bc48bba2-p191-002.jpg" id="single_image" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0645ad;" target="_blank" title="《杀劫》2023年最新修订版191页(摄影者:泽仁多吉)"><img src="https://www.rfa.org/++plone++rfa-resources/img/icon-zoom.png" style="border: none; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; max-width: 620px; vertical-align: middle;" /></a></div></figure><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">27、191页</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">据说这些人是拉萨附近农村的群众。有说是冲赛康居委会下属的卫东公社的农民, 大都种菜,也有的种青稞。也有人说像是拉萨河上游的红旗公社的农民。而红旗 公社所在处,原名冲拉拉康,意为诞生之神的神殿,这里本有一座七世达赖喇嘛 时期建立的神殿,传统上,每当达赖喇嘛诞辰日,政府与民间会在此举行隆重庆 典,称之为冲拉亚岁。1959 年之后,已有近三百年历史的习俗被取消,文革中, 神殿被砸。今天,红旗公社也消失了,成了西藏大学的新校区。&nbsp;</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">把手伸进嘴里的男人是在蘸口水,准备向那些伸手讨要的人们分发革命传单。&nbsp;</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p><figure class="image-richtext image-inline captioned" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: table; float: none; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; height: auto; letter-spacing: 0.05em; margin: 10px 15px 0px 0px; max-width: 100%; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-top: 15px; width: 737px;"><img alt="《杀劫》2023年最新修订版211页(摄影者:泽仁多吉)" height="768" src="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-12262023100235.html/126708rfa8bc48bba2-p211-003.jpg/@@images/0613c06f-16c4-4fd7-9145-69540cb95a51.jpeg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; max-width: 620px; vertical-align: middle;" title="12月RFA评论2-P211-003.jpg" width="737" /><figcaption class="image-caption" style="box-sizing: border-box; caption-side: bottom; font-family: &quot;Merriweather Sans&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 17px; margin: 7px 0.5em 0.7em 0.1em; max-width: 620px;">《杀劫》2023年最新修订版211页(摄影者:泽仁多吉)</figcaption><small style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10px;"></small><div id="zoomattribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; height: auto; margin: 0px; padding-right: 15px; position: relative; text-align: right; top: 0px; vertical-align: middle; width: 737px;"><a data-caption="《杀劫》2023年最新修订版211页(摄影者:泽仁多吉)" data-fancybox="" href="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-12262023100235.html/126708rfa8bc48bba2-p211-003.jpg" id="single_image" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0645ad;" target="_blank" title="《杀劫》2023年最新修订版211页(摄影者:泽仁多吉)"><img src="https://www.rfa.org/++plone++rfa-resources/img/icon-zoom.png" style="border: none; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; max-width: 620px; vertical-align: middle;" /></a></div></figure><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">28、211页</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">这是一九六六年八月十九日,在拉萨五万人庆祝文化大革命的集会上,中共在西藏的第一首脑张国华表示要迎接无产阶级文化大革命来到西藏高原。他的胳膊上已经有了“红卫兵”袖章,那是自治区师范学校的藏人红卫兵跑上台给他戴上的。他戴着墨镜的大声疾呼要“向资产阶级、封建农奴主阶级的意识形态、旧风俗、旧习惯势力,展开猛烈的进攻!要把反革命修正主义分子,资产阶级右派分子,把资产阶级反动权威,统统打倒,打垮,使他们威风扫地,永世不得翻身!”却不曾料想,几个月后,进攻的目标就对准了他本人。一九六七年五月,心力交瘁的张国华调往四川,担任四川党政军第一把手。一九七二年二月在成都因突发脑溢血而去世,时年五十八岁。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">照片上,站在张国华身后鼓掌、满面笑容的男子是自治区委员会书记处书记周仁山,一九五六年十二月从青海调入西藏,曾经是向一九六七年初发动夺权的“造总”施压的区党委领导人之一,不久却成了“造总”的支持者。在张国华离藏后,他成为西藏自治区党委代理第一书记。他是西藏文革时期,因权力斗争而被牺牲的两个最高层的官员之一,另一个是老资格的十八军军人、西藏军区副政委、西藏最初成立的“文化大革命领导小组”组长王其梅。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">周仁山被“大联指”批判是“刘、邓路线”(刘少奇和邓小平)安插在西藏的“黑手”,并对他的出身和政治背景表示怀疑;“造总”则声称,反对周仁山的运动是西藏军区副政委任荣策划的,而在其背后得到了张国华的支持,为此加强了反对王其梅的攻势,其罪名是“大叛徒”、“刘少奇在西藏的代理人”。不久,王其梅被关押,受到残酷折磨,于一九六七年八月在北京软禁时自尽,年仅五十三岁。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">尽管王其梅已死,但为了实现所谓的“大联合”,成立革命委员会,军队以及两派决定共同批判周仁山和王其梅,将两人送上革命需要的祭坛。一九六八年九月七日,《人民日报》报导西藏成立革委会,声明对两人的斗争要继续下去。一九七一年八月,西藏自治区第一届党代会在拉萨召开,会议宣布将两人永远开除出党。文革结束之后,周、王二人获得平反。总算熬到头的周仁山调任新疆自治区党委书记,后来调回北京,在全国人大法工委工作,一九八四年病故。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br /></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; letter-spacing: 0.2px;">(</span><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, FreeSerif, serif; letter-spacing: 0.9px;">本文发表于自由亚洲特约评论:</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, FreeSerif, serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.9px;"><a href="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-12262023100235.html">https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-12262023100235.html</a>)</span></span></p></div>Unknown[email protected]0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-101413679960970342.post-16463223742153835632024-04-06T17:30:00.001+08:002024-04-06T17:30:02.609+08:00特约评论 | 唯色:《杀劫》2023年最新修订版与前两版有何不同?(十)<br /><div class="clear" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"></div><div id="headerimg" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; display: table; float: left; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17px; margin-bottom: 36px; margin-right: 36px; width: 1px;"><img alt="评论 | 唯色:《杀劫》2023年最新修订版与前两版有何不同?(十)" height="517" src="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-12122023123224.html/@@images/47553872-e4cc-40a6-8a09-f061832ded97.jpeg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; vertical-align: middle;" title="评论 | 唯色:《杀劫》2023年最新修订版与前两版有何不同?(十)" width="620" /><span class="lead_image_caption" style="box-sizing: border-box; caption-side: bottom; display: block; font-family: &quot;Merriweather Sans&quot;, sans-serif; font-weight: 600; line-height: 17px; margin: 12px 0.5em 0.7em 0.1em; width: 620px;">《杀劫》2023年最新修订版183页。</span><div id="zoomattribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; height: auto; margin: 0px; padding-right: 15px; position: relative; text-align: right; top: 0px; vertical-align: middle; width: 620px;"><a data-caption="《杀劫》2023年最新修订版183页。" data-fancybox="" href="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-12122023123224.html/@@images/image/social_media" id="single_image" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: black; text-decoration-line: none;" title="《杀劫》2023年最新修订版183页。"><img src="https://www.rfa.org/++plone++rfa-resources/img/icon-zoom.png" style="border: none; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; vertical-align: middle;" />&nbsp;</a><span class="copyright" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10px;">(摄影者:泽仁多吉)</span></div></div><div id="storytext" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><img alt="190409-RFA-SC12-552f8272.jpg" class="image-richtext image-inline captioned" src="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/190409-rfa-sc12-552f8272.jpg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; float: left; height: auto; margin-right: 15px; margin-top: 10px; max-width: 100%; padding-bottom: 5px; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;" title="190409-RFA-SC12-552f8272.jpg" />比较《杀劫》2023<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">年最新修订版与之前两版(</span>2006<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">年初版、</span>2016<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">年纪念版),就我父亲在西藏文革期间拍摄的照片所做的说明,我打算选择其中补充与更改较多的图文,编辑成多篇帖子发表于自由亚洲特约评论专栏,为的是让更多的读者了解并不久远却仿佛淡忘的历史。请勿认为我一直在喋喋不休发生在西藏的文化大革命,一直在类似碎碎念地提及“杀劫”(藏语“革命”的谐音)和“人类杀劫”(藏语“文化大革命”的谐音)造成的毁灭,这实际上是因为基本上,几乎,只有我一个人的声音,在用中文讲述西藏历史上从未有过的“人类杀劫”的惨烈故事。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">23<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">、</span>183<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">页</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">这是文革中常见的情景。听我母亲讲,那时候的人都跟疯了一样,半夜三更说要去游行,“噌”就走了,精神好得不得了。那时候任何上班都没有了,也用不着上班,除了挨斗的人,每个人都在闹革命。每天不是这里开会就是那里开会,“咚咚锵,咚咚锵”的,到处都在敲锣打鼓,街上都是宣传车和大喇叭。人们的口才都好得很。你说你有道理,我说我有道理,都在说造反有理。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">在各种标语和旗帜中,有一幅写着“交通厅职工子弟学校红卫兵”。该校建立于一九六一年,专门为中国各地入藏的交通系统的职工子女而办,位于布达拉宫西面德吉路北段,如今名为拉萨市第三中学。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">我有兴趣的是那个正在奔跑的小孩,他手里拿着什么呢?</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">24<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">、</span>184<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">页、</span>185<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">页</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">既然是“文斗”,宣传就很重要。如一位当年表演革命舞蹈的藏人所说:“当时在文艺界的两派,一派叫作‘红艺司’,意思是‘红色艺术司令部’,属于‘造总’,有西藏歌舞团、话剧团和藏剧团等文艺团体。另一派叫作‘五·二三文艺总部’,得名于毛主席一九四二年五月二十三日延安文艺座谈会的讲话,属于‘大联指’,有话剧团、秦剧团和豫剧团(<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">这两个剧团最早随中共军队一起进藏,因为军队里有很多陕西人和河南人,更与军队首脑的家乡情结有关,进藏不久又有黄梅戏剧团、川剧团、京剧团</span>)<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">等文艺团体。两派各有各的宣传阵地,各有各的宣传队,各有各的报纸。每逢毛主席的指示下来了,就要把指示编成节目,编成歌曲,到处去演出。还要学样板戏。话剧团学的是《沙家滨》,歌舞团学的是《白毛女》,都是藏族,全用汉语演出。那时候演出都是汉语,是当时的社会风气,谈不上什么少数民族语言。倒是藏剧团把文革样板戏京剧《红灯记》改编成了藏戏。用藏语演出。旋律是藏戏的旋律,不过是自己编的,属于现代藏戏,但是整个故事的结构和台词都是翻译过来的。”实际上,与每个单位一样,每个文艺团体都有“造总”和“大联指”,只是参与人数的或多或少。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p><figure class="image-richtext image-inline captioned" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: table; float: none; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; height: auto; letter-spacing: 0.05em; margin: 10px 15px 0px 0px; max-width: 100%; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-top: 15px; width: 1000px;"><img alt="《杀劫》2023年最新修订版184页(摄影者:泽仁多吉)" height="657" src="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-12122023123224.html/126708rfa8bc48bba1-p184-002.jpg/@@images/1768e1c9-ffdd-4073-bf81-2ee431b675d1.jpeg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; max-width: 620px; vertical-align: middle;" title="12月RFA评论1-P184-002.jpg" width="1000" /><figcaption class="image-caption" style="box-sizing: border-box; caption-side: bottom; font-family: &quot;Merriweather Sans&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 17px; margin: 7px 0.5em 0.7em 0.1em; max-width: 620px;">《杀劫》2023年最新修订版184页(摄影者:泽仁多吉)</figcaption><small style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10px;"></small><div id="zoomattribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; height: auto; margin: 0px; padding-right: 15px; position: relative; text-align: right; top: 0px; vertical-align: middle; width: 1000px;"><a data-caption="《杀劫》2023年最新修订版184页(摄影者:泽仁多吉)" data-fancybox="" href="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-12122023123224.html/126708rfa8bc48bba1-p184-002.jpg" id="single_image" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0645ad;" target="_blank" title="《杀劫》2023年最新修订版184页(摄影者:泽仁多吉)"><img src="https://www.rfa.org/++plone++rfa-resources/img/icon-zoom.png" style="border: none; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; max-width: 620px; vertical-align: middle;" /></a></div></figure><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">图片中的人被认出是自治区话剧团的演员,分别扮演过妖魔化“旧西藏”的洗脑电影《不准出生的人》、《农奴》的角色。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">不知道这是自治区歌舞团还是话剧团的演员,正在拉萨街头载歌载舞,向广大“翻身农奴”激情洋溢地宣传文化大革命。以藏人演员为主、以感恩新西藏、批判旧西藏的内容为主的演出团体,有西藏歌舞团、西藏话剧团、西藏藏剧团,于一九五八年、一九六二年分别成立。文革期间,因为传统藏戏被贬低为“四旧”, 藏剧团一度停止演出,一九七二年重建,专门演出新编所谓的革命藏戏,如《解放军的恩情》、《红灯记》等,今天亦继续新编、演出所谓的京剧藏戏《文成公主》 。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><figure class="image-richtext image-inline captioned" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: table; float: none; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; height: auto; letter-spacing: 0.05em; margin: 10px 15px 0px 0px; max-width: 100%; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-top: 15px; width: 998px;"><img alt="《杀劫》2023年最新修订版185页(摄影者:泽仁多吉)" height="652" src="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-12122023123224.html/126708rfa8bc48bba1-p185-003.jpg/@@images/228fc233-f33b-42fb-b1d9-cc3b3c29a716.jpeg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; max-width: 620px; vertical-align: middle;" title="12月RFA评论1-P185-003.jpg" width="998" /><figcaption class="image-caption" style="box-sizing: border-box; caption-side: bottom; font-family: &quot;Merriweather Sans&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 17px; margin: 7px 0.5em 0.7em 0.1em; max-width: 620px;">《杀劫》2023年最新修订版185页(摄影者:泽仁多吉)</figcaption><small style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10px;"></small><div id="zoomattribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; height: auto; margin: 0px; padding-right: 15px; position: relative; text-align: right; top: 0px; vertical-align: middle; width: 998px;"><a data-caption="《杀劫》2023年最新修订版185页(摄影者:泽仁多吉)" data-fancybox="" href="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-12122023123224.html/126708rfa8bc48bba1-p185-003.jpg" id="single_image" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0645ad;" target="_blank" title="《杀劫》2023年最新修订版185页(摄影者:泽仁多吉)"><img src="https://www.rfa.org/++plone++rfa-resources/img/icon-zoom.png" style="border: none; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; max-width: 620px; vertical-align: middle;" /></a></div></figure><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">25<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">、</span>187<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">页</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">“农奴戟”,得名于毛泽东的诗词中“红旗卷起农奴戟”之句。西藏民族学院的一部分红卫兵组建了“农奴戟红卫兵造反总司令部”,属于“大联指”一派,另一部分红卫兵组建了“红色造反团”,属于“造总”一派,在文革初期皆从陕西省咸阳市返回拉萨,非常活跃,影响甚大。其中,“农奴戟”据说是在拉萨的红卫兵组织中最大的一支,成员基本上都是西藏各地贫穷家庭的子女,活跃者成为文革后的掌权人物。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><figure class="image-richtext image-inline captioned" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: table; float: none; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; height: auto; letter-spacing: 0.05em; margin: 10px 15px 0px 0px; max-width: 100%; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-top: 15px; width: 771px;"><img alt="《杀劫》2023年最新修订版187页(摄影者:泽仁多吉)" height="658" src="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-12122023123224.html/126708rfa8bc48bba1-p187-004.jpg/@@images/c5b079c3-a354-4430-97ee-39aac80fc77e.jpeg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; max-width: 620px; vertical-align: middle;" title="12月RFA评论1-P187-004.jpg" width="771" /><figcaption class="image-caption" style="box-sizing: border-box; caption-side: bottom; font-family: &quot;Merriweather Sans&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 17px; margin: 7px 0.5em 0.7em 0.1em; max-width: 620px;">《杀劫》2023年最新修订版187页(摄影者:泽仁多吉)</figcaption><small style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10px;"></small><div id="zoomattribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; height: auto; margin: 0px; padding-right: 15px; position: relative; text-align: right; top: 0px; vertical-align: middle; width: 771px;"><a data-caption="《杀劫》2023年最新修订版187页(摄影者:泽仁多吉)" data-fancybox="" href="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-12122023123224.html/126708rfa8bc48bba1-p187-004.jpg" id="single_image" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0645ad;" target="_blank" title="《杀劫》2023年最新修订版187页(摄影者:泽仁多吉)"><img src="https://www.rfa.org/++plone++rfa-resources/img/icon-zoom.png" style="border: none; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; max-width: 620px; vertical-align: middle;" /></a></div></figure><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">据当时在西藏民院学中文的著名教育家扎西次仁先生在自传《西藏是我家》中回忆: “得到了拉萨的军区司令部的许可以后,我们那几千人就准备行李上路。……因为我们来的团体那么大,所以就分成两部分来安顿,一部分(<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">我这批人</span>)<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">住在招待所里,那是从前的小昭寺,另外一部分就住在功德林寺,……张国华将军就到招待所来看我们。他很热忱地欢迎我们,说我们是文化大革命的先锋。……我们在拉萨住了四、五个月,从一九六六年的十二月一直到一九六七年的三月间。”</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br /></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px;">(</span><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, FreeSerif, serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.9px;">本文发表于自由亚洲特约评论:</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, FreeSerif, serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.9px;"><a href="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-12122023123224.html">https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-12122023123224.html</a>)</span></span></p></div>Unknown[email protected]0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-101413679960970342.post-22988934301814781752024-04-06T17:26:00.001+08:002024-04-06T17:26:10.341+08:00特约评论 | 唯色:《杀劫》2023年最新修订版与前两版有何不同?(九)<p><br /></p><div class="mobilecontainer" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><div id="storytop" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; font-size: 10px; margin-bottom: 12px; width: 620px;"></div></div><div class="clear" style="box-sizing: border-box; clear: both;"></div><div id="headerimg" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: table; float: left; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17px; margin-bottom: 36px; margin-right: 36px; width: 1px;"><img alt="评论 | 唯色:《杀劫》2023年最新修订版与前两版有何不同?(九)" height="488" src="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-11302023141926.html/@@images/25296cf7-e755-46c5-aeee-d4db738621ee.jpeg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; vertical-align: middle;" title="评论 | 唯色:《杀劫》2023年最新修订版与前两版有何不同?(九)" width="620" /><span class="lead_image_caption" style="box-sizing: border-box; caption-side: bottom; display: block; font-family: &quot;Merriweather Sans&quot;, sans-serif; font-weight: 600; line-height: 17px; margin: 12px 0.5em 0.7em 0.1em; width: 620px;">坐落于布达拉宫脚下的“劳动人民文化宫”1965年竣工,是六十年代最早的“援藏”建筑。</span><div id="zoomattribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; height: auto; margin: 0px; padding-right: 15px; position: relative; text-align: right; top: 0px; vertical-align: middle; width: 620px;"><a data-caption="坐落于布达拉宫脚下的“劳动人民文化宫”1965年竣工,是六十年代最早的“援藏”建筑。" data-fancybox="" href="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-11302023141926.html/@@images/image/social_media" id="single_image" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; box-sizing: border-box; color: black; text-decoration-line: none;" title="坐落于布达拉宫脚下的“劳动人民文化宫”1965年竣工,是六十年代最早的“援藏”建筑。"><img src="https://www.rfa.org/++plone++rfa-resources/img/icon-zoom.png" style="border: none; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; vertical-align: middle;" />&nbsp;</a><span class="copyright" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10px;">唯色供图</span></div></div><div id="storytext" style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px;"><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><img alt="190409-rfa-sc12-552f8272.jpg" class="image-richtext image-left" src="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-11302023141926.html/190409-rfa-sc12-552f8272.jpg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; float: left; height: auto; margin: 0.5em 1em 0.5em 0px; max-width: 620px; vertical-align: middle;" title="190409-rfa-sc12-552f8272.jpg" />比较《杀劫》2023年最新修订版与之前两版(2006年初版、2016年纪念版),就我父亲在西藏文革期间拍摄的照片所做的说明,我打算选择其中补充与更改较多的图文,编辑成多篇帖子发表于自由亚洲特约评论专栏,为的是让更多的读者了解并不久远却仿佛淡忘的历史。请勿认为我一直对发生在西藏的文化大革命喋喋不休,一直在类似碎碎念地提及“杀劫”(藏语“革命”的谐音)和“人类杀劫”(藏语“文化大革命”的谐音)造成的毁灭,这实际上是因为基本上,几乎,只有我一个人的声音,在用中文讲述西藏历史上从未有过的“人类杀劫”的惨烈故事。</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">19、141页</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><figure class="image-richtext image-inline captioned" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; display: table; float: none; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; height: auto; letter-spacing: 0.9px; margin: 10px 15px 0px 0px; max-width: 100%; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-top: 15px; width: 1296px;"><img alt="从人物的装束和远处的景致来看,批斗场景显然不是在拉萨城里,而是在附近的农村。(唯色供图)" height="1700" src="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-11302023141926.html/116708rfa8bc48bba2-p141-001.jpg/@@images/93123db4-4ede-4eac-8974-0502779ee6aa.jpeg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; max-width: 620px; vertical-align: middle;" title="11月RFA评论2-P141-001.jpg" width="1296" /><figcaption class="image-caption" style="box-sizing: border-box; caption-side: bottom; font-family: &quot;Merriweather Sans&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 17px; margin: 7px 0.5em 0.7em 0.1em; max-width: 620px;">从人物的装束和远处的景致来看,批斗场景显然不是在拉萨城里,而是在附近的农村。(唯色供图)</figcaption><small style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10px;"></small><div id="zoomattribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; height: auto; margin: 0px; padding-right: 15px; position: relative; text-align: right; top: 0px; vertical-align: middle; width: 1296px;"><a data-caption="从人物的装束和远处的景致来看,批斗场景显然不是在拉萨城里,而是在附近的农村。(唯色供图)" data-fancybox="" href="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-11302023141926.html/116708rfa8bc48bba2-p141-001.jpg" id="single_image" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0645ad;" target="_blank" title="从人物的装束和远处的景致来看,批斗场景显然不是在拉萨城里,而是在附近的农村。(唯色供图)"><img src="https://www.rfa.org/++plone++rfa-resources/img/icon-zoom.png" style="border: none; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; max-width: 620px; vertical-align: middle;" /></a></div></figure><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">从人物的装束和远处的景致来看,批斗场景显然不是在拉萨城里,而是在附近的农村。&nbsp;</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">不知道这是1966年八月的哪一天,正在低头接受批判的老妇一手捧着小型佛龛 (内装有护法神班旦拉姆、衮布等的“擦擦”泥塑像),一手拿着法鼓。有人说她可能是一个代言神巫。下图被斗男子手持法器,应是专修密法的云游僧。&nbsp;</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">对于农村和牧区来说,类似的这类人物通常是当地的精神象征,他们所起的作用很大,构成了普通百姓根深蒂固的许多观念。但是革命却把他们当成批判的目标, 用各种轻蔑的语言来污辱他们,说到底,就是向曾经深深依赖他们的普通百姓,宣布他们是骗子,是吸血鬼,是害人虫。这样一种公开化的批斗,足以使这类人物所象征的传统遭到最大的嘲弄和诋毁。&nbsp;</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><figure class="image-richtext image-inline captioned" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; display: table; float: none; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; height: auto; letter-spacing: 0.9px; margin: 10px 15px 0px 0px; max-width: 100%; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-top: 15px; width: 1200px;"><img alt="在居委会的会场批斗“牛鬼蛇神”的场景。(唯色供图)" height="848" src="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-11302023141926.html/116708rfa8bc48bba2-p142-002.jpg/@@images/c3438440-8ef2-4550-8938-6a2954a42867.jpeg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; max-width: 620px; vertical-align: middle;" title="11月RFA评论2-P142-002.jpg" width="1200" /><figcaption class="image-caption" style="box-sizing: border-box; caption-side: bottom; font-family: &quot;Merriweather Sans&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 17px; margin: 7px 0.5em 0.7em 0.1em; max-width: 620px;">在居委会的会场批斗“牛鬼蛇神”的场景。(唯色供图)</figcaption><small style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10px;"></small><div id="zoomattribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; height: auto; margin: 0px; padding-right: 15px; position: relative; text-align: right; top: 0px; vertical-align: middle; width: 1200px;"><a data-caption="在居委会的会场批斗“牛鬼蛇神”的场景。(唯色供图)" data-fancybox="" href="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-11302023141926.html/116708rfa8bc48bba2-p142-002.jpg" id="single_image" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0645ad;" target="_blank" title="在居委会的会场批斗“牛鬼蛇神”的场景。(唯色供图)"><img src="https://www.rfa.org/++plone++rfa-resources/img/icon-zoom.png" style="border: none; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; max-width: 620px; vertical-align: middle;" /></a></div></figure><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">19、142页</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">这是在居委会的会场批斗“牛鬼蛇神”的场景。光线很暗,所以看不出来是哪个居委会的会场,也不知道批斗的是谁。</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">20、171页</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">1966年十月一日,是中共在西藏的第十七个国庆日,拉萨有五万人参加“建国十七周年”集会游行,规模可谓宏大。但这时,彼此对立的群众组织已经剑拔弩张,不少从中国多个地方进藏的红卫兵更是火上加油,就在“国庆”前一天,张国华在内部高层会议上提出西藏情况特殊,要劝阻进藏学生和本地学生到部队抓人搜家。由此可见白热化到何种程度。</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><figure class="image-richtext image-inline captioned" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; display: table; float: none; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; height: auto; letter-spacing: 0.9px; margin: 10px 15px 0px 0px; max-width: 100%; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-top: 15px; width: 1296px;"><img alt="1966年十月一日,拉萨有五万人参加“建国十七周年”集会游行。(唯色供图)" height="1317" src="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-11302023141926.html/116708rfa8bc48bba2-p171-003.jpg/@@images/51b0a5d3-6887-4347-a55a-7269c5519e78.jpeg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; max-width: 620px; vertical-align: middle;" title="11月RFA评论2-P171-003.jpg" width="1296" /><figcaption class="image-caption" style="box-sizing: border-box; caption-side: bottom; font-family: &quot;Merriweather Sans&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 17px; margin: 7px 0.5em 0.7em 0.1em; max-width: 620px;">1966年十月一日,拉萨有五万人参加“建国十七周年”集会游行。(唯色供图)</figcaption><small style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10px;"></small><div id="zoomattribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; height: auto; margin: 0px; padding-right: 15px; position: relative; text-align: right; top: 0px; vertical-align: middle; width: 1296px;"><a data-caption="1966年十月一日,拉萨有五万人参加“建国十七周年”集会游行。(唯色供图)" data-fancybox="" href="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-11302023141926.html/116708rfa8bc48bba2-p171-003.jpg" id="single_image" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0645ad;" target="_blank" title="1966年十月一日,拉萨有五万人参加“建国十七周年”集会游行。(唯色供图)"><img src="https://www.rfa.org/++plone++rfa-resources/img/icon-zoom.png" style="border: none; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; max-width: 620px; vertical-align: middle;" /></a></div></figure><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">远处高拔的山是拉萨著名的神山朋巴日(宝瓶山),被喻为八瓣莲花之一,往日挂满无数重重经幡,但彼时早已消失不见。拉萨和中国各地一样,在各地领导人的效忠表白下,变成了狂热崇拜毛泽东的红海洋:红旗、红标语、红宝书,簇拥着病毒般繁殖无数的毛泽东画像。&nbsp;</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">21、174-175页</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">庆祝大会结束了,拉萨的妇女儿童以及各界革命群众高举毛画像、毛语录牌和五星红旗,按顺序依次走过当权者们云集的主席台,接受他们的“检阅”。</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">主席台的左侧牌子上写着:“学习十六条, 熟悉十六条,掌握十六条,运用十六条。”所谓“十六条”即《关于无产阶级文化大革命的决定》,是毛“亲自主持制定”的文革纲领,随后进入群众分化为两派的造反阶段。右侧牌子上写着:“读毛主席的书,听毛主席的话,照毛主席的指示办事,做毛主席的好战士。”这段话出自副统帅林彪,五年后,他携妻儿乘飞机逃离中国,被毛泽东下令发射的炮弹击中,命丧蒙古荒野,并遭全国大批判。中间挂横幅写着:“拉萨各族界人民庆祝中华人民共和国成立十七周年大会”。都译成了藏文,来实行全面的洗脑。&nbsp;</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><figure class="image-richtext image-inline captioned" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; display: table; float: none; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; height: auto; letter-spacing: 0.9px; margin: 10px 15px 0px 0px; max-width: 100%; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-top: 15px; width: 1296px;"><img alt="拉萨的妇女儿童以及各界革命群众高举毛画像、毛语录牌和五星红旗。(唯色供图)" height="1728" src="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-11302023141926.html/116708rfa8bc48bba2-p1743001175-004.jpg/@@images/37a8d175-4607-44b4-88d3-063eee534015.jpeg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; max-width: 620px; vertical-align: middle;" title="11月RFA评论2-P174、175-004.jpg" width="1296" /><figcaption class="image-caption" style="box-sizing: border-box; caption-side: bottom; font-family: &quot;Merriweather Sans&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 17px; margin: 7px 0.5em 0.7em 0.1em; max-width: 620px;">拉萨的妇女儿童以及各界革命群众高举毛画像、毛语录牌和五星红旗。(唯色供图)</figcaption><small style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10px;"></small><div id="zoomattribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; height: auto; margin: 0px; padding-right: 15px; position: relative; text-align: right; top: 0px; vertical-align: middle; width: 1296px;"><a data-caption="拉萨的妇女儿童以及各界革命群众高举毛画像、毛语录牌和五星红旗。(唯色供图)" data-fancybox="" href="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-11302023141926.html/116708rfa8bc48bba2-p1743001175-004.jpg" id="single_image" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0645ad;" target="_blank" title="拉萨的妇女儿童以及各界革命群众高举毛画像、毛语录牌和五星红旗。(唯色供图)"><img src="https://www.rfa.org/++plone++rfa-resources/img/icon-zoom.png" style="border: none; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; max-width: 620px; vertical-align: middle;" /></a></div></figure><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">22、177页</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">自从北京有了“劳动人民文化宫”,中国各地纷纷效仿。坐落于布达拉宫脚下的“劳动人民文化宫”,于1965年八月三十日竣工,是上世纪六十年代具有代表性的最早的“援藏”建筑。这七个镀金大字据说由中共元老朱德亲笔书写。</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">据报导:“从1965年至1985年,西藏自治区所有重要的会议都在这座建筑里召开。平时它还承担着电影放映和大型演出的任务。在文化生活还相对贫乏的年代,文化宫可以说是拉萨人民娱乐生活的唯一去处。直到1997年,文化宫礼堂停止了电影放映和文艺演出,最后改装为一家舞厅。”&nbsp;</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">2005年,布达拉宫广场扩建之时,这座毫无美学价值的政治会场被拆除。如今这里竖立着中共首脑习近平的巨幅个人画像,在其对面竖立着包括毛泽东、邓小平、江泽民、胡锦涛、习近平五代中共领导人的巨幅画像,中间是武警护守的升旗台,矗立的旗杆上挂着一面中国国旗。&nbsp;</span></p><div style="font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.05em;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.05em;">(</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, FreeSerif, serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.9px;">本文发表于自由亚洲特约评论:</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, FreeSerif, serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.9px;"><a href="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-11302023141926.html">https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-11302023141926.html</a>)</span></span></div></div>Unknown[email protected]0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-101413679960970342.post-47236624137928472472024-04-06T17:22:00.002+08:002024-04-06T17:22:36.030+08:00特约评论 | 唯色:《杀劫》2023年最新修订版与前两版有何不同?(八)<br /><div class="clear" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"></div><div id="headerimg" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; display: table; float: left; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17px; margin-bottom: 36px; margin-right: 36px; width: 1px;"><img alt="评论 | 唯色:《杀劫》2023年最新修订版与前两版有何不同?(八)" height="612" src="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-11152023181532.html/@@images/c3061c86-1200-4a9b-92f2-af4524740d74.jpeg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; vertical-align: middle;" title="评论 | 唯色:《杀劫》2023年最新修订版与前两版有何不同?(八)" width="620" /><span class="lead_image_caption" style="box-sizing: border-box; caption-side: bottom; display: block; font-family: &quot;Merriweather Sans&quot;, sans-serif; font-weight: 600; line-height: 17px; margin: 12px 0.5em 0.7em 0.1em; width: 620px;">《杀劫》2023年最新修订版133页</span><div id="zoomattribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; height: auto; margin: 0px; padding-right: 15px; position: relative; text-align: right; top: 0px; vertical-align: middle; width: 620px;"><a data-caption="《杀劫》2023年最新修订版133页" data-fancybox="" href="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-11152023181532.html/@@images/image/social_media" id="single_image" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: black; text-decoration-line: none;" title="《杀劫》2023年最新修订版133页"><img src="https://www.rfa.org/++plone++rfa-resources/img/icon-zoom.png" style="border: none; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; vertical-align: middle;" />&nbsp;</a><span class="copyright" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10px;">摄影者:泽仁多吉</span></div></div><div id="storytext" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><img alt="190409-RFA-SC12-552f8272.jpg" class="image-richtext image-inline" height="" src="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-11152023181532.html/190409-rfa-sc12-552f8272.jpg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; float: left; height: auto; margin-right: 15px; margin-top: 10px; max-width: 100%; padding-bottom: 5px; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;" title="190409-RFA-SC12-552f8272.jpg" width="" />比较《杀劫》2023年最新修订版与之前两版(2006年初版、2016年纪念版),就我父亲在西藏文革期间拍摄的照片所做的说明,我打算选择其中补充与更改较多的图文,编辑成多篇帖子发表于自由亚洲特约评论专栏,为的是让更多的读者了解并不久远却仿佛淡忘的历史。请勿认为我一直在喋喋不休发生在西藏的文化大革命,一直在类似碎碎念地提及“杀劫”(藏语“革命”的谐音)和“人类杀劫”(藏语“文化大革命”的谐音)造成的毁灭,这实际上是因为基本上,几乎,只有我一个人的声音,在用中文讲述西藏历史上从未有过的“人类杀劫”的惨烈故事。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">16、133页</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">一九五○年代,邦达家族将位于帕廓南街的有着三百多年历史的老宅院(原为贵族擦绒家族府邸,因搬迁新房售予邦达仓并不久),卖给进入西藏的中共军队,而迁至拉萨河畔的波林卡一带新筑的宅邸,因此在文革中,邦达多吉是河坝林居委会辖区内的“牛鬼蛇神”,必须接受河坝林居委会的批斗。在这幅照片上,身穿另一套“萨迦巴姆”法衣的人还是邦达多吉。看来“萨迦巴姆”有黑白(有的说不是白色,而是粉色)两套衣裳。据说这衣服很小,紧紧地裹在已经发胖的邦达多吉的身上,显得很滑稽。邦达多吉显得苍老许多,神情十分沮丧。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">照片上的环境与崔科·顿珠次仁单独挨斗的环境相同,是在十四世达赖喇嘛家族的府邸尧西达孜(又称坚斯厦)前面,今北京中路。正揪着邦达多吉脖子的女子,有人说她叫次卓玛,在前面斗多吉帕姆的照片中出现过。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">那个头戴草帽的男人,是当时河坝林居委会的主任,名叫赫比,人们习惯叫他“哥哥赫比”,现已故。他是一位穆斯林,确切地说是“加卡其”,意思是汉回民。在拉萨的穆斯林,按照其不同来源和不同的居住地分为两部分,一部分来自邻国,主要是尼泊尔王国和印度(主要是喀什米尔地区),被称为“喀什米尔卡其”,一般居住在帕廓街一带;另一部分来自汉地如青海、陕西、云南等地,被称为“加卡其”,一般居住在河坝林一带。拉萨穆斯林在文革中的情况与藏人相比较为平静,因顾忌设在拉萨的尼泊尔领事馆,凡与国外有关系的穆斯林,所属清真寺的宗教活动并未受影响。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">河坝林一带的穆斯林不仅卷入到文革当中,所属的清真大寺据说在大昭寺被砸那天,红卫兵和“革命群众”也冲进去欲砸之,但环顾四周,发现空空荡荡的清真寺没什么可砸的,只好在墙上写了些革命口号就走了。不过,清真大寺后来还是被砸过,据说是以居委会的积极分子为主,有藏人,也有回族,但砸得不厉害,因为里面没什么东西可砸。清真大寺的礼拜殿被用作开会、唱歌、跳舞的场所,后成为河坝林居委会的所在地。阿訇被说成是“小达赖”,遭到批斗和抄家。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><figure class="image-richtext image-inline captioned" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: table; float: none; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; height: auto; letter-spacing: 0.05em; margin: 10px 15px 0px 0px; max-width: 100%; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-top: 15px; width: 1024px;"><img alt="《杀劫》2023年最新修订版134页(摄影者:泽仁多吉)" height="672" src="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-11152023181532.html/116708rfa8bc48bba1-p134-002.jpg/@@images/8eea3b0f-91b0-4c2a-95d4-684f26ba17ca.jpeg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; max-width: 620px; vertical-align: middle;" title="11月RFA评论1-P134-002.jpg" width="1024" /><figcaption class="image-caption" style="box-sizing: border-box; caption-side: bottom; font-family: &quot;Merriweather Sans&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 17px; margin: 7px 0.5em 0.7em 0.1em; max-width: 620px;">《杀劫》2023年最新修订版134页(摄影者:泽仁多吉)</figcaption><small style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10px;"></small><div id="zoomattribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; height: auto; margin: 0px; padding-right: 15px; position: relative; text-align: right; top: 0px; vertical-align: middle; width: 1024px;"><a data-caption="《杀劫》2023年最新修订版134页(摄影者:泽仁多吉)" data-fancybox="" href="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-11152023181532.html/116708rfa8bc48bba1-p134-002.jpg" id="single_image" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0645ad;" target="_blank" title="《杀劫》2023年最新修订版134页(摄影者:泽仁多吉)"><img src="https://www.rfa.org/++plone++rfa-resources/img/icon-zoom.png" style="border: none; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; max-width: 620px; vertical-align: middle;" /></a></div></figure><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">17、134页</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">观看现场批斗会的“群众”们, 多为河坝林居委会的居民,其中也有手持红缨枪的学生。图中那个双手握着草帽的年轻女子是一个居民红卫兵,她的姐夫是从色拉寺还俗经商的康区德格人,为防止中共软禁甚至伤害达赖喇嘛,于一九五九年三月初与成千上万的藏人去罗布林卡保卫达赖喇嘛,而被中共以“叛乱”名义进行镇压。赤手空拳的他中枪被俘,并被关进囚车驱逐出拉萨,遣送康区劳改,不得不与他在拉萨的已经怀孕的妻子分离,两人相爱很深,但从此天各一方,再无团聚。&nbsp;</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><figure class="image-richtext image-inline captioned" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: table; float: none; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; height: auto; letter-spacing: 0.05em; margin: 10px 15px 0px 0px; max-width: 100%; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-top: 15px; width: 755px;"><img alt="《杀劫》2023年最新修订版136页上图(摄影者:泽仁多吉)" height="768" src="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-11152023181532.html/116708rfa8bc48bba1-p1364e0a56fe-003.jpg/@@images/7d773075-0874-4dd5-8843-75c9a47dc075.jpeg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; max-width: 620px; vertical-align: middle;" title="11月RFA评论1-P136上图-003.jpg" width="755" /><figcaption class="image-caption" style="box-sizing: border-box; caption-side: bottom; font-family: &quot;Merriweather Sans&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 17px; margin: 7px 0.5em 0.7em 0.1em; max-width: 620px;">《杀劫》2023年最新修订版136页上图(摄影者:泽仁多吉)</figcaption><small style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10px;"></small><div id="zoomattribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; height: auto; margin: 0px; padding-right: 15px; position: relative; text-align: right; top: 0px; vertical-align: middle; width: 755px;"><a data-caption="《杀劫》2023年最新修订版136页上图(摄影者:泽仁多吉)" data-fancybox="" href="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-11152023181532.html/116708rfa8bc48bba1-p1364e0a56fe-003.jpg" id="single_image" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0645ad;" target="_blank" title="《杀劫》2023年最新修订版136页上图(摄影者:泽仁多吉)"><img src="https://www.rfa.org/++plone++rfa-resources/img/icon-zoom.png" style="border: none; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; max-width: 620px; vertical-align: middle;" /></a></div></figure><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">18、136-137页</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">这三幅照片展现的正是河坝林居委会游斗“牛鬼蛇神”的场景。上图:游斗队伍正经过宇妥路。被游斗的人除了走在前面的崔科·顿珠次仁,还有邦达多吉和邦达晋美两父子,各扮一黑一白的“萨迦巴姆”紧随其后,被戴上纸糊的高帽,穿上原本给护法神穿的法衣,拉着堆满剥削阶级“赃物”的木板车,垂头丧气地被游街。邦达晋美是阿沛·阿旺晋美的女婿,据说阿沛·阿旺晋美的女儿原本也在围观的群众中,突然看见自己的丈夫穿着“萨迦巴姆”的一套浅色衣服被游街,吓得不轻。旁边的人悄悄说,你赶快走,别待在这里,不然等会儿也会把你揪出来,于是她赶紧跑回家。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p><figure class="image-richtext image-inline captioned" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: table; float: none; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; height: auto; letter-spacing: 0.05em; margin: 10px 15px 0px 0px; max-width: 100%; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-top: 15px; width: 766px;"><img alt="《杀劫》2023年最新修订版136页中图(摄影者:泽仁多吉)" height="768" src="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-11152023181532.html/116708rfa8bc48bba1-p1364e2d56fe-004.jpg/@@images/5d667d81-5358-4f84-918c-8b2b527e4f48.jpeg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; max-width: 620px; vertical-align: middle;" title="11月RFA评论1-P136中图-004.jpg" width="766" /><figcaption class="image-caption" style="box-sizing: border-box; caption-side: bottom; font-family: &quot;Merriweather Sans&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 17px; margin: 7px 0.5em 0.7em 0.1em; max-width: 620px;">《杀劫》2023年最新修订版136页中图(摄影者:泽仁多吉)</figcaption><small style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10px;"></small><div id="zoomattribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; height: auto; margin: 0px; padding-right: 15px; position: relative; text-align: right; top: 0px; vertical-align: middle; width: 766px;"><a data-caption="《杀劫》2023年最新修订版136页中图(摄影者:泽仁多吉)" data-fancybox="" href="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-11152023181532.html/116708rfa8bc48bba1-p1364e2d56fe-004.jpg" id="single_image" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0645ad;" target="_blank" title="《杀劫》2023年最新修订版136页中图(摄影者:泽仁多吉)"><img src="https://www.rfa.org/++plone++rfa-resources/img/icon-zoom.png" style="border: none; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; max-width: 620px; vertical-align: middle;" /></a></div></figure><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">中图:游斗队伍正经过十四世达赖喇嘛家族的府邸尧西达孜(坚斯厦),当时为大片树林围绕,现已改为北京中路。在树林旁边的平房是一九五〇年代盖的邮电局(现已拆,改建为邮电宾馆)。右上角一幢方形房子,两三层高,一面墙上有四扇小小的没有藏式装饰的窗户,被认出是西藏军区的碉堡,建成于一九五〇年代,位于今天的赛康商场对面。当时解放军在拉萨城里建有多个碉堡,藏人并不知道是干什么用的。一九五九年三月“拉萨抗暴”期间,解放军把玻璃窗推开,露出了机关枪,这石头房子就成了军用碉堡,打死了很多藏人。走在崔科左边那个身背草帽的积极分子,是斗过噶雪巴的格桑班觉。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p><figure class="image-richtext image-inline captioned" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: table; float: none; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; height: auto; letter-spacing: 0.05em; margin: 10px 15px 0px 0px; max-width: 100%; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-top: 15px; width: 763px;"><img alt="《杀劫》2023年最新修订版137页右图(摄影者:泽仁多吉)" height="768" src="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-11152023181532.html/116708rfa8bc48bba1-p13753f356fe-005.jpg/@@images/73daeb02-ac13-498b-90a4-6e35d54b1277.jpeg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; max-width: 620px; vertical-align: middle;" title="11月RFA评论1-P137右图-005.jpg" width="763" /><figcaption class="image-caption" style="box-sizing: border-box; caption-side: bottom; font-family: &quot;Merriweather Sans&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 17px; margin: 7px 0.5em 0.7em 0.1em; max-width: 620px;">《杀劫》2023年最新修订版137页右图(摄影者:泽仁多吉)</figcaption><small style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10px;"></small><div id="zoomattribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; height: auto; margin: 0px; padding-right: 15px; position: relative; text-align: right; top: 0px; vertical-align: middle; width: 763px;"><a data-caption="《杀劫》2023年最新修订版137页右图(摄影者:泽仁多吉)" data-fancybox="" href="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-11152023181532.html/116708rfa8bc48bba1-p13753f356fe-005.jpg" id="single_image" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0645ad;" target="_blank" title="《杀劫》2023年最新修订版137页右图(摄影者:泽仁多吉)"><img src="https://www.rfa.org/++plone++rfa-resources/img/icon-zoom.png" style="border: none; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; max-width: 620px; vertical-align: middle;" /></a></div></figure><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">右图:是在大昭寺讲经场“松却绕瓦”。围者如云,一副争相目睹、拍手称快的情景。大都是藏人,也有回族,如前两张照片上,走在前面的积极分子玉鲁斯,在批斗多吉帕姆的照片上出现过。左边三层高的藏式建筑即葛如厦大院,原属于噶厦政府所有,租借给商人和居民。大学者更敦群培一九五一年辞世前曾在三楼的某房间居住,现设成纪念馆,把他的一生改塑为追求进步的“爱国志士”,即爱“新中国”。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br /></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px;">(</span><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, FreeSerif, serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.9px;">本文发表于自由亚洲特约评论:</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, FreeSerif, serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.9px;"><a href="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-11152023181532.html">https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-11152023181532.html</a>)</span></span></p></div>Unknown[email protected]0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-101413679960970342.post-56640999084801631622024-04-06T17:14:00.002+08:002024-04-06T17:14:12.471+08:00特约评论 | 唯色:《杀劫》2023年最新修订版与前两版有何不同?(七)<p><br /></p><div class="mobilecontainer" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"><div id="storytop" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; font-size: 10px; margin-bottom: 12px; width: 620px;"></div></div><div class="clear" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"></div><div id="headerimg" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; display: table; float: left; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17px; margin-bottom: 36px; margin-right: 36px; width: 1px;"><img alt="评论 | 唯色:《杀劫》2023年最新修订版与前两版有何不同?(七)" height="406" src="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-10302023073620.html/@@images/5aeef05f-8e5a-496f-bc0a-857fdcebd592.jpeg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; vertical-align: middle;" title="评论 | 唯色:《杀劫》2023年最新修订版与前两版有何不同?(七)" width="620" /><span class="lead_image_caption" style="box-sizing: border-box; caption-side: bottom; display: block; font-family: &quot;Merriweather Sans&quot;, sans-serif; font-weight: 600; line-height: 17px; margin: 12px 0.5em 0.7em 0.1em; width: 620px;">《杀劫》2023年最新修订版111页(摄影者:泽仁多吉)。</span><div id="zoomattribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; height: auto; margin: 0px; padding-right: 15px; position: relative; text-align: right; top: 0px; vertical-align: middle; width: 620px;"><a data-caption="《杀劫》2023年最新修订版111页(摄影者:泽仁多吉)。" data-fancybox="" href="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-10302023073620.html/@@images/image/social_media" id="single_image" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: black; text-decoration-line: none;" title="《杀劫》2023年最新修订版111页(摄影者:泽仁多吉)。"><img src="https://www.rfa.org/++plone++rfa-resources/img/icon-zoom.png" style="border: none; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; vertical-align: middle;" />&nbsp;</a><span class="copyright" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10px;">摄影者:泽仁多吉</span></div></div><div id="storytext" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><img alt="190409-rfa-sc12-552f8272.jpg" class="image-richtext image-inline" src="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-10302023073620.html/190409-rfa-sc12-552f8272.jpg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; float: left; height: auto; margin-right: 15px; margin-top: 10px; max-width: 100%; padding-bottom: 5px; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;" title="190409-rfa-sc12-552f8272.jpg" />比较《杀劫》2023<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">年最新修订版与之前两版(</span>2006<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">年初版、</span>2016<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">年纪念版),就我父亲在西藏文革期间拍摄的照片所做的说明,我打算选择其中补充与更改较多的图文,编辑成多篇帖子发表于自由亚洲特约评论专栏,为的是让更多的读者了解并不久远却仿佛淡忘的历史。请勿认为我一直在喋喋不休发生在西藏的文化大革命,一直在类似碎碎念地提及“杀劫”(藏语“革命”的谐音)和“人类杀劫”(藏语“文化大革命”的谐音)造成的毁灭,这实际上是因为基本上,几乎,只有我一个人的声音,在用中文讲述西藏历史上从未有过的“人类杀劫”的惨烈故事。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">&nbsp;</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">14<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">、</span>111<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">页</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">&nbsp;</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">这位身裹袈裟、垂首接受批斗的僧人是江措林·土登格桑仁波切,原是昌都地区边坝县江措林寺仁波切,也曾是十四世达赖喇嘛的侍读经师。一九五九年达赖喇嘛出走印度之后,并未随行的江措林仁波切即在随后开展的揭批“达赖叛国集团”的运动中表现积极。一九六四年在十世班禅喇嘛遭到围攻批判的大会上,据说其中尤以这位江措林、扎什伦布寺的生钦·洛桑坚赞和班禅堪布会议厅的官员拉敏·索朗伦珠等人最为踊跃,也因此讨得新主人的欢心。一位曾在中共政权里担任过要职的藏人,看到这幅照片时不住喟叹,透露说江措林在侍奉达赖喇嘛时,就从西藏军区联络部领取特殊薪水,充当线人。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">一九六五年,江措林·土登格桑当上了西藏自治区政协副主席、自治区佛协副会长、全国佛协常务理事等,但没想到仅仅一年就有了这样的下场,看来他并没能够“将功赎罪”,并没有获得党的信任。据说他的罪名是“里通外国”、“支援边坝叛匪物资”、“破坏文化大革命”等,他被戴上“反革命分子”的帽子,屡遭批斗。文革结束后,“上层爱国人士”重又讨得宠幸,但他已在一九七四年去世,虽有幸被平反,却未来得及享受世俗的安逸生活,不过他的活佛名号的继承者,如今又成了向党表忠心的献媚者,无疑是神奇的轮回。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">从照片上看,批斗会场是“松却绕瓦”,看来这是一次比较大的批斗会。沦为斗争对象的江措林·土登格桑的脸上浮现出一种奇怪的表情,似笑非笑,两眼却发直。站在他旁边一块儿挨斗的是另一位上层人士邦达多吉。而他们身后,既有很像是居民的藏人女红卫兵,也有背着手很像是主持者的汉人干部。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">&nbsp;</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">15<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">、</span>124<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">页</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">&nbsp;</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">一九六六年八月,被揪斗的桑颇·才旺仁增六十二岁。从照片上可见,他已经过早地用上了拄棍。他背上还压了两根木棍,据说是一种刑具,用来夹手和脚的。跟他一起挨斗的是他的夫人,看上去也头发花白。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><figure class="image-richtext image-inline captioned" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: table; float: none; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; height: auto; letter-spacing: 0.05em; margin: 10px 15px 0px 0px; max-width: 100%; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-top: 15px; width: 758px;"><img alt="《杀劫》2023年最新修订版124页(摄影者:泽仁多吉)。" height="754" src="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-10302023073620.html/106708rfa8bc48bba2-p124-002.jpg/@@images/ec731308-c868-488d-bae7-6db3bbf56e63.jpeg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; max-width: 620px; vertical-align: middle;" title="10月RFA评论2-P124-002.jpg" width="758" /><figcaption class="image-caption" style="box-sizing: border-box; caption-side: bottom; font-family: &quot;Merriweather Sans&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 17px; margin: 7px 0.5em 0.7em 0.1em; max-width: 620px;">《杀劫》2023年最新修订版124页(摄影者:泽仁多吉)。</figcaption><small style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10px;"></small><div id="zoomattribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; height: auto; margin: 0px; padding-right: 15px; position: relative; text-align: right; top: 0px; vertical-align: middle; width: 758px;"><a data-caption="《杀劫》2023年最新修订版124页(摄影者:泽仁多吉)。" data-fancybox="" href="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-10302023073620.html/106708rfa8bc48bba2-p124-002.jpg" id="single_image" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0645ad;" target="_blank" title="《杀劫》2023年最新修订版124页(摄影者:泽仁多吉)。"><img src="https://www.rfa.org/++plone++rfa-resources/img/icon-zoom.png" style="border: none; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; max-width: 620px; vertical-align: middle;" /></a></div></figure><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">桑颇夫人是西藏大商、康区人邦达扬培的女儿,是桑颇的第二个夫人。显然这些居民红卫兵最为“厚待”桑颇夫人,不但要在她身上挂满金银珠宝,还要让她双手捧着堆满了法器的托盘,还要在她的背上压上一口箱子。这是一种衡量粮食的传统容器,叫作“博”,一般藏人家里都有。这箱子一定很沉重,不然桑颇夫人不会被压得几乎快要伏地。她呆呆地看着地面的眼神,称得上绝望。而那个斗争桑颇夫人的年轻人,据说名叫强巴曲吉,是拉萨房建队的木工。右图左边站立的红卫兵,名次旦,是八角街派出所警察,已死。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">从上图看不出桑颇夫妇是在什么地点挨斗,但在右图,批斗的地点据说是“下觉”马车队。“下觉”即是东城区,文革时叫作“东方红办事处”。“下觉”马车队在清真寺附近,与河坝林居委会马路相隔,当时属于该办事处合作社的所在地,也经常用来充当批斗会场。又有人说是在“绕交林卡”即牛角林园,过去回族屠夫将宰杀后的牦牛角弃置此处,被砌成围墙,内有菜地等。不管怎么说,桑颇夫妇是被押往各处接受“革命群众”的批斗。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">在桑颇的六个子女中,长子桑颇·登增顿珠是一个重要的历史人物,他是一位“代本”(藏军高级军官,相当于团长,四品官),曾是一九五一年去北京签定《十七条协议》的西藏代表团中五名成员之一。正因为他是军人,所以他不可能不参与一九五九年三月的“拉萨事件”,也就不可能幸免不被镇压的命运。他在监狱中度过了近二十年,获释后去了印度。桑颇的第三个儿子于一九七○年以“叛国分子”的名义被公开审判枪毙,原因是与几个年轻人准备逃亡印度,结果在路上被抓获,当时他不足二十岁,还是个瘸子。又据说这几个年轻人成立了一个反对中共的反抗组织,但遭到了告密。桑颇其余子女至今仍在拉萨,有的是政协高官,也有因吸毒成瘾败了家的。桑颇·才旺仁增这位合作者可谓家破人亡。他还是贵族霍康·索朗边巴的表哥、崔科·顿珠次仁的叔叔。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><br /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, FreeSerif, serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px;">(</span><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, FreeSerif, serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.9px;">本文发表于自由亚洲特约评论:</span><span style="font-family: Microsoft YaHei, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px;"><a href="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-10302023073620.html">https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-10302023073620.html</a>)</span></span></p></div>Unknown[email protected]0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-101413679960970342.post-47734036792121529692024-04-06T17:10:00.008+08:002024-04-06T17:15:10.280+08:00特约评论 | 唯色:《杀劫》2023年最新修订版与前两版有何不同?(六)<p>&nbsp;</p><div class="mobilecontainer" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><div id="storytop" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; font-size: 10px; margin-bottom: 12px; width: 620px;"></div></div><div class="clear" style="box-sizing: border-box; clear: both;"></div><div id="headerimg" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: table; float: left; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17px; margin-bottom: 36px; margin-right: 36px; width: 1px;"><img alt="评论 | 唯色:《杀劫》2023年最新修订版与前两版有何不同?(六)" height="624" src="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-10162023083235.html/@@images/5a699ffb-2511-4d07-b776-e48d5ef45767.jpeg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; vertical-align: middle;" title="评论 | 唯色:《杀劫》2023年最新修订版与前两版有何不同?(六)" width="620" /><span class="lead_image_caption" face="&quot;Merriweather Sans&quot;, sans-serif" style="box-sizing: border-box; caption-side: bottom; display: block; font-weight: 600; line-height: 17px; margin: 12px 0.5em 0.7em 0.1em; width: 620px;">《杀劫》2023年最新修订版88页、89页。</span><div id="zoomattribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; height: auto; margin: 0px; padding-right: 15px; position: relative; text-align: right; top: 0px; vertical-align: middle; width: 620px;"><a data-caption="《杀劫》2023年最新修订版88页、89页。" data-fancybox="" href="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-10162023083235.html/@@images/image/social_media" id="single_image" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; box-sizing: border-box; color: black; text-decoration-line: none;" title="《杀劫》2023年最新修订版88页、89页。"><img src="https://www.rfa.org/++plone++rfa-resources/img/icon-zoom.png" style="border: none; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; vertical-align: middle;" />&nbsp;</a><span class="copyright" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10px;">唯色提供</span></div></div><div id="storytext" style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px;"><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><img alt="190409-RFA-SC12-552f8272.jpg" class="image-richtext image-inline" src="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-10162023083235.html/190409-rfa-sc12-552f8272.jpg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; float: left; height: auto; margin-right: 15px; margin-top: 10px; max-width: 100%; padding-bottom: 5px; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;" title="190409-RFA-SC12-552f8272.jpg" />比较《杀劫》2023<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">年最新修订版与之前两版(</span>2006<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">年初版、</span>2016<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">年纪念版),就我父亲在西藏文革期间拍摄的照片所做的说明,我打算选择其中补充与更改较多的图文,编辑成多篇帖子发表于自由亚洲特约评论专栏,为的是让更多的读者了解并不久远却仿佛淡忘的历史。请勿认为我一直在喋喋不休发生在西藏的文化大革命,一直在类似碎碎念地提及“杀劫”(藏语“革命”的谐音)和“人类杀劫”(藏语“文化大革命”的谐音)造成的毁灭,这实际上是因为基本上,几乎,只有我一个人的声音,在用中文讲述西藏历史上从未有过的“人类杀劫”的惨烈故事。</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">11、88页、89页两张照片</strong></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">人山人海。大昭寺的讲经场“松却绕瓦”成为批斗“牛鬼蛇神”的大会场。这样的情景当时常有。仔细检视左图,可以发现多个细节:在高台正中,挂着毛泽东的画像及一条横幅;毛像两边用汉文和藏文竖写、横写“伟大的领袖毛主席万岁”、“伟大的中国共产党万岁”;横幅上用汉文和藏文写“斗争大会”;横幅旁边及下方置有多幅毛画像; 高台上正在批斗的“牛鬼蛇神”是四位旧日的贵族官员,每人被两位红卫兵按压;被斗者前面至少有两人在拍摄,一人在录像,一人在摄影。</p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">更重要的是,在照片左上角,与讲经场相连接的寺院建筑的二楼拐角,至少站着三个头戴帽子(<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">不知是不是解放军军帽</span>)<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">、身穿制服</span>(<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">是解放军军装?</span>)<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的男人,正看着批斗现场。其中一人背手站立,有着中共官员当权者的姿态。所以,与其说他们是在注视批斗现场,不如说他们是在指挥、控制、监视批斗现场。</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">12、97页</strong></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">游斗队伍正经过帕廓东街。那一片极有气派的藏式建筑,昔日是大贵族索康·旺钦格勒的宅院(“索康”的意思是位于拐角的房子,因其坐落于帕廓街东南交接处而得名,建于十七世纪,1993<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">年被拆除,改建为“赛康商场”),紧挨一旁的是护法班丹拉姆的“擦擦康”(模制的小泥像龛,与索康宅院的东壁相连接),此时已被泥巴糊满,跟前的香炉已被砸毁。用文革话语来说,索康这个在旧西藏政府担任高官的贵族,也是一个罪大恶极的反革命分子,如果不是在</span>1959<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">年逃亡印度,他必定会被“革命群众”揪出来游街示众,再踏上一只脚,叫他永世不得翻身!</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">&nbsp;</p><figure class="image-richtext image-inline captioned" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; display: table; float: none; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; height: auto; letter-spacing: 0.9px; margin: 10px 15px 0px 0px; max-width: 100%; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-top: 15px; width: 768px;"><img alt="《杀劫》2023年最新修订版97页。(唯色提供)" height="768" src="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-10162023083235.html/106708rfa8bc48bba1-p89-002.jpg/@@images/08232db1-1a87-478e-8c7a-e9b6f5380835.jpeg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; max-width: 620px; vertical-align: middle;" title="10月RFA评论1-P89-002.jpg" width="768" /><figcaption class="image-caption" style="box-sizing: border-box; caption-side: bottom; font-family: &quot;Merriweather Sans&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 17px; margin: 7px 0.5em 0.7em 0.1em; max-width: 620px;">《杀劫》2023年最新修订版97页。(唯色提供)</figcaption><small style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10px;"></small><div id="zoomattribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; height: auto; margin: 0px; padding-right: 15px; position: relative; text-align: right; top: 0px; vertical-align: middle; width: 768px;"><a data-caption="《杀劫》2023年最新修订版97页。(唯色提供)" data-fancybox="" href="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-10162023083235.html/106708rfa8bc48bba1-p89-002.jpg" id="single_image" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0645ad;" target="_blank" title="《杀劫》2023年最新修订版97页。(唯色提供)"><img src="https://www.rfa.org/++plone++rfa-resources/img/icon-zoom.png" style="border: none; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; max-width: 620px; vertical-align: middle;" /></a></div></figure><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">仔细再看这幅照片,在两个女子抬着的毛泽东画像的左侧,走着一个穿深色中山装、头发黑亮的男子,一看就是汉人干部。而且在人群中有这么几个人:一个是挂着相机满脸堆笑的男人,一个是凑上前在给“牛鬼蛇神”拍照的背影,还有一个人手拿相机正扭头观望。他们是谁?记者吗?经辨认,据说那个满脸堆笑的男人是《西藏日报》的一位记者,那个扭头观望的男人是新华社驻西藏分社的一位记者。</p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">当时西藏有这么几个新闻机构:新华社驻西藏分社、《西藏日报》、西藏军区主办的《高原战士报》、西藏人民广播电台和中央新闻纪录电影制片厂驻西藏记者站,是西藏文革期间相当活跃的媒体。但在当时的报纸上,我们却看不到一幅批斗“牛鬼蛇神”的照片。</p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">13、110页的上图和下图</strong></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">现场批斗会已从院内转移到了大院门口,院门上还挂着一个小喇叭。人物杂乱,一片狼藉。</p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">&nbsp;</p><figure class="image-richtext image-inline captioned" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; display: table; float: none; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; height: auto; letter-spacing: 0.9px; margin: 10px 15px 0px 0px; max-width: 100%; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-top: 15px; width: 767px;"><img alt="《杀劫》2023年最新修订版110页的上图和下图。(唯色提供)" height="768" src="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-10162023083235.html/106708rfa8bc48bba1-p97-003.jpg/@@images/640ea21f-18be-402d-9a6b-f031bc09b0a1.jpeg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; max-width: 620px; vertical-align: middle;" title="10月RFA评论1-P97-003.jpg" width="767" /><figcaption class="image-caption" style="box-sizing: border-box; caption-side: bottom; font-family: &quot;Merriweather Sans&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 17px; margin: 7px 0.5em 0.7em 0.1em; max-width: 620px;">《杀劫》2023年最新修订版110页的上图和下图。(唯色提供)</figcaption><small style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10px;"></small><div id="zoomattribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; height: auto; margin: 0px; padding-right: 15px; position: relative; text-align: right; top: 0px; vertical-align: middle; width: 767px;"><a data-caption="《杀劫》2023年最新修订版110页的上图和下图。(唯色提供)" data-fancybox="" href="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-10162023083235.html/106708rfa8bc48bba1-p97-003.jpg" id="single_image" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0645ad;" target="_blank" title="《杀劫》2023年最新修订版110页的上图和下图。(唯色提供)"><img src="https://www.rfa.org/++plone++rfa-resources/img/icon-zoom.png" style="border: none; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; max-width: 620px; vertical-align: middle;" /></a></div></figure><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">下图,在多吉帕姆身后出现的那个头戴鸭舌帽、一只手高高举起相机的人,经仔细辨认,才认出他是今天被中国官方媒体称为“新中国摄影史上的重要人物,二十世纪五十年代至七十年代西藏摄影的代表人物”蓝志贵,1950<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">年随中共军队进入西藏的随军摄影记者。实际上我父亲与他非常熟悉,他们都在西藏军区工作,共同拍摄过</span>1956<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">年的珞巴人群像、</span>1962<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">年的中印战争。而在文革中他也同样拍摄过许多照片,正如这张批斗女活佛的照片所显示的,他也在现场,手里高举的是</span>120&nbsp;<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">禄莱福莱克斯相机。然而,直到他于</span>2016<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">年去世,他的有关西藏文革的摄影,只是在近年的中国网站上见到过三张,属于群众场面,并无具体场景,部分图说沿用了我在《杀劫》第一版的相关图说。</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">那个用奇怪的姿势盯着多吉帕姆的男人叫多吉次仁,也是居委会的积极分子,已故。不知是在这次还是哪一次的批斗会上,一个名叫次仁旺姆的女积极分子突然伸出手指,其凶狠的姿势 就像是要挖掉多吉帕姆的眼睛,使多吉帕姆惊吓不已,回到家后放声大哭。</p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">在这些照片中,多吉帕姆从来没有抬起过头,直起过腰,凌乱的头发遮住了她的脸,我们无从体会她当时千头万绪的复杂心情。还有别的任何一种方式更能够羞辱那些过去备受信众尊奉的佛教上师吗?&nbsp;<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">显然没有。革命就是如此实现了它的许多目的中的一个:用一部分人羞辱另一部分人,使另一部分人的尊严丧失殆尽,实际上也使得每一个人都没有尊严。</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">今天,桑顶·多吉帕姆·德钦曲珍仍健在,拥有自治区人大副主任、自治区佛协副会长(<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">注:现为全国政协常委、全国妇联副主席</span>)<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">等等一堆官衔,经常出现在电视新闻里的各种会议上。我曾在一个政府官员女儿的婚礼上见过她,是一个走路一瘸一拐、 低眉顺眼且穿一身拉萨妇女日常装束的老太太。我很想访问她,给她看这些照片,却被告知最好不要这么做。据说她经常闭门念经,每年至少回桑顶寺一次。那是一个从前盛大而今狭小的寺院,从她的房间凭窗望去,可以看见宛如碧玉一般美丽的羊卓雍湖,在阳光下闪动着粼粼的光芒。</span></p><div style="font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.05em;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="result-title" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, FreeSerif, serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.2px;">(</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.9px;">本文发表于自由亚洲特约评论:</span></span><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #7f501f; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, FreeSerif, serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.9px;"><a href="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-10162023083235.html">https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-10162023083235.html</a></span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, FreeSerif, serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.9px;">)</span></span></span></span></div><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p></div>Unknown[email protected]0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-101413679960970342.post-65410974931126399162024-04-06T15:11:00.002+08:002024-04-06T15:11:24.566+08:00特约评论 | 唯色:《杀劫》2023年最新修订版与前两版有何不同?(五)<br /><div class="clear" style="box-sizing: border-box; clear: both;"></div><div id="headerimg" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: table; float: left; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17px; margin-bottom: 36px; margin-right: 36px; width: 1px;"><img alt="评论 | 唯色:《杀劫》2023年最新修订版与前两版有何不同?(五)" height="349" src="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-09282023124458.html/@@images/d0b61aa0-956c-46b4-bced-a2ed72635f73.jpeg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; vertical-align: middle;" title="评论 | 唯色:《杀劫》2023年最新修订版与前两版有何不同?(五)" width="620" /><span class="lead_image_caption" style="box-sizing: border-box; caption-side: bottom; display: block; font-family: &quot;Merriweather Sans&quot;, sans-serif; font-weight: 600; line-height: 17px; margin: 12px 0.5em 0.7em 0.1em; width: 620px;">"几乎只有我一个人的声音,用中文讲述西藏历史上从未有过的“人类杀劫”的惨烈故事"。 - 唯色</span><div id="zoomattribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; height: auto; margin: 0px; padding-right: 15px; position: relative; text-align: right; top: 0px; vertical-align: middle; width: 620px;"><a data-caption="&quot;几乎只有我一个人的声音,用中文讲述西藏历史上从未有过的“人类杀劫”的惨烈故事&quot;。 - 唯色" data-fancybox="" href="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-09282023124458.html/@@images/image/social_media" id="single_image" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; box-sizing: border-box; color: black; text-decoration-line: none;" title="&quot;几乎只有我一个人的声音,用中文讲述西藏历史上从未有过的“人类杀劫”的惨烈故事&quot;。 - 唯色"><img src="https://www.rfa.org/++plone++rfa-resources/img/icon-zoom.png" style="border: none; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; vertical-align: middle;" />&nbsp;</a><span class="copyright" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10px;">《杀劫》2023年最新修订版50页</span></div></div><div id="storytext" style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px;"><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><img alt="190409-RFA-SC12-552f8272.jpg" class="image-richtext image-inline captioned" src="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-09282023124458.html/190409-rfa-sc12-552f8272.jpg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; float: left; height: auto; margin-right: 15px; margin-top: 10px; max-width: 100%; padding-bottom: 5px; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;" title="190409-RFA-SC12-552f8272.jpg" />比较《杀劫》2023年最新修订版与之前两版(2006年初版、2016年纪念版),就我父亲在西藏文革期间拍摄的照片所做的说明,我打算选择其中补充与更改较多的图文,编辑成多篇帖子发表于自由亚洲特约评论专栏,为的是让更多的读者了解并不久远却仿佛淡忘的历史。请勿认为我一直在喋喋不休发生在西藏的文化大革命,一直在类似碎碎念地提及“杀劫”(藏语“革命”的谐音)和“人类杀劫”(藏语“文化大革命”的谐音)造成的毁灭,这实际上是因为基本上,几乎,只有我一个人的声音,在用中文讲述西藏历史上从未有过的“人类杀劫”的惨烈故事。</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">8、50页</strong></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">这棵生长得极为茂盛的大树是西藏历史上很有名的一棵树——“唐蕃古柳”(简 称“唐柳”),又叫“公主柳”。据说是一千三百多年前,随一位因“和亲”而远嫁的异国女子从中国唐都长安来到吐蕃首都拉萨,并由她亲手所栽。那个异国 女子就是今天被渲染成政治神话的唐宗室之女文成公主。西藏人则称这棵树为“觉吾扎”,意思是“佛的头发”,这是因为文成公主带来了释迦牟尼十二岁等身像,柳枝犹如佛发。但今天仅剩下一截已无生命的干枯树桩,而在原址前生长着另一棵稀疏的柳树,是文革以后不知从何处移植而来,乃“唐柳”的替代品,实际上是一个谎言。&nbsp;</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">这棵树正是在一九六六年八月二十四日这天遭殃的。茂密的树枝被折断,堆放在 “松却绕瓦”上,用来焚烧经幡、经书和转经筒。时隔不久,分化为两派的“革 命群众”开始武斗,双方的武器除了使用牛羊毛编织的一种甩石器——“乌多” 抛掷石头,还有农药“六六粉”。“六六粉”纷纷扬扬地撒在“革命群众”的头上,也撒在活过了千年之久的“唐蕃古柳”的枝干上。于是一棵著名的古树死了,从此隐逸在书中和传说里了。&nbsp;</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">但另一样见证还在,它就是“唐蕃会盟碑”,西元八二三年,藏王赤热巴坚与唐 王朝为划定界线,互不侵扰,信守和好,而立下盟誓之碑,其中最著名的一句是: “蕃于蕃国受安,汉亦汉国受乐”。在照片上,正是右边立于石砌围墙内被伸展 的树枝几乎遮住的那块古碑,靠近举起的横幅藏文标语。如今,尽管铭刻其上的 藏汉两种文字因日久风化,极难辨认,它依然提醒着当年关于比邻两国如何和睦 并存的警示。&nbsp;</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">而在墙外的一块高大石碑,名为“劝人种痘碑”,立于清朝乾隆年间,鉴于当时 天花瘟疫肆虐,夺走生命甚多,驻藏大臣和琳撰立此碑,以示对西藏有了宗主权 的满清王朝在形式上的关怀。在“种痘碑”后面还有一块石碑,仅现小半截,可 能是宗喀巴大师在一四○九年整修大昭寺时立的无字碑。(注:二○二○年新冠 疫情爆发不久,在大昭寺前赫然出现两座中式碑亭,罩住了三块石碑,既破坏了 大昭寺的传统风貌,也违背了被联合国教科文组织列为“世界文化遗产”所须遵 守的保护规定。)&nbsp;</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">古柳另一边的藏式楼房名为“班觉绕丹”,曾经是班禅堪布会议厅(为班禅喇嘛管理日喀则地区政教事务的机构,藏语是“朗玛岗”)的官员于一九五○年代在拉萨居住的房子,后来被拆。&nbsp;</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">仔细看这幅照片,古柳下站满来自居委会的“翻身农奴”和好奇的小孩子。红旗、 锣鼓、毛泽东画像和译成藏文“无产阶级文化大革命……”的横幅标语一应俱全。 学生红卫兵则站成间隔有序的一排队列。三个不知是老师还是居委会的积极分子 手拿纸张,似是正在宣读决心书。古柳下方站在一扇门前的几个成年人,貌似汉 人干部,包括一个短发侧脸的女人,都带着一副监督的神情。许多人手里举着小 三角旗,通常写着既有藏文也有汉文的毛泽东语录之类。满地堆放的破铜烂铁、 断胳膊断腿的草人,以及一页页撕破的经书、一张张踩脏的经幡并不是垃圾,正 是从古柳对面的大昭寺抬出的,被当作“四旧”砸烂的佛像、法器、供具以及其他佛教象征物。&nbsp;</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">9、52页</strong></p><figure style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; display: table; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.9px; margin: 0px; padding-top: 15px;"><img alt="9月RFA评论2-P52-002.jpg" class="image-richtext image-inline" src="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-09282023124458.html/96708rfa8bc48bba2-p52-002.jpg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; float: none; height: auto; margin-right: 15px; margin-top: 10px; max-width: 100%; padding-bottom: 5px; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;" title="9月RFA评论2-P52-002.jpg" /><figcaption style="box-sizing: border-box; caption-side: bottom; font-family: &quot;Merriweather Sans&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 17px; margin: 0.1em 0.5em 0.7em 0.1em;">《杀劫》2023年最新修订版52页</figcaption></figure><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">七八个年轻的男女学生正奋力地将一个很大的车轱辘似的东西推向大火之中,那是装有许多经文的嘛尼轮,位于大昭寺的二楼上,据说过去唯有仓宫寺等三个尼姑寺院的尼姑,可以每年轮流到大昭寺去转动此轮,此刻也被烧为灰烬。藏房的大门上放着一块牌子,用藏汉两种文字写着“八角街先进氆氇互助组”。</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">10、54页</strong></p><figure style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; display: table; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.9px; margin: 0px; padding-top: 15px;"><img alt="9月RFA评论2-P54-003.jpg" class="image-richtext image-inline" src="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-09282023124458.html/96708rfa8bc48bba2-p54-003.jpg/@@images/adbcb486-2e60-45ad-bd85-be065571304e.jpeg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; float: none; height: auto; margin-right: 15px; margin-top: 10px; max-width: 100%; padding-bottom: 5px; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;" title="9月RFA评论2-P54-003.jpg" /><figcaption style="box-sizing: border-box; caption-side: bottom; font-family: &quot;Merriweather Sans&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 17px; margin: 0.1em 0.5em 0.7em 0.1em;">《杀劫》2023年最新修订版54页</figcaption></figure><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">这些年轻人依然是拉萨中学的红卫兵,正走在当时拉萨最主要的街道——人民路 (过去这一带叫作“宇妥”,得名于路口的一座汉式廊桥,“宇”为绿松石,“妥” 为顶,指的是桥顶翠绿色的琉璃瓦)。在他们戴红卫兵袖章的左边,是一九六五</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">年盖的“新华书店”,与中国各地的官方书店相同,得名于毛泽东并为他的手迹。 在他们扛红缨枪的右边,是一九六五年从会场改建为商店的“拉萨百货公司”(不 久改为“拉萨百货商店”)。从他们行走的方向来看,他们的身后是大昭寺,实际上,与三十七页三幅照片的情景相同,这些红卫兵在这天完成了“破四旧”的 任务,正在老师的带领下返回学校。&nbsp;</span></p><div><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="result-title" face="&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, FreeSerif, serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.2px;">(</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.9px;">本文发表于自由亚洲特约评论:</span></span><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, FreeSerif, serif;"><span style="color: #7f501f;"><span style="font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.9px;">https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-09282023124458.html</span></span><span style="font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.9px;">)</span></span></span></span></div></div>Unknown[email protected]0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-101413679960970342.post-21924499534954240062024-04-06T15:07:00.002+08:002024-04-06T15:07:17.790+08:00特约评论 | 唯色:《杀劫》2023年最新修订版与前两版有何不同?(四)<div class="mobilecontainer" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"><h1 style="box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 36px; line-height: 45px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px;"><br /></h1></div><div class="clear" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"></div><div id="headerimg" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; display: table; float: left; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17px; margin-bottom: 36px; margin-right: 36px; width: 1px;"><img alt="评论 | 唯色:《杀劫》2023年最新修订版与前两版有何不同?(四)" height="619" src="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-09182023115151.html/@@images/b7b25b61-0e64-425f-9c64-da60b1a4e35e.jpeg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; vertical-align: middle;" title="评论 | 唯色:《杀劫》2023年最新修订版与前两版有何不同?(四)" width="620" /><span class="lead_image_caption" style="box-sizing: border-box; caption-side: bottom; display: block; font-family: &quot;Merriweather Sans&quot;, sans-serif; font-weight: 600; line-height: 17px; margin: 12px 0.5em 0.7em 0.1em; width: 620px;">《杀劫》2023年最新修订版43页</span><div id="zoomattribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; height: auto; margin: 0px; padding-right: 15px; position: relative; text-align: right; top: 0px; vertical-align: middle; width: 620px;"><a data-caption="《杀劫》2023年最新修订版43页" data-fancybox="" href="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-09182023115151.html/@@images/image/social_media" id="single_image" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: black; text-decoration-line: none;" title="《杀劫》2023年最新修订版43页"><img src="https://www.rfa.org/++plone++rfa-resources/img/icon-zoom.png" style="border: none; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; vertical-align: middle;" />&nbsp;</a><span class="copyright" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10px;">唯色提供</span></div></div><div id="storytext" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">比较《杀劫》2023年最新修订版与之前两版(2006年初版、2016年纪念版),就我父亲在西藏文革期间拍摄的照片所做的说明,我打算选择其中补充与更改较多的图文,编辑成多篇帖子发表于自由亚洲特约评论专栏,为的是让更多的读者了解并不久远却仿佛淡忘的历史。请勿认为我一直在喋喋不休发生在西藏的文化大革命,一直在类似碎碎念地提及“杀劫”(藏语“革命”的谐音)和“人类杀劫”(藏语“文化大革命”的谐音)造成的毁灭,这实际上是因为基本上,几乎,只有我一个人的声音,在用中文讲述西藏历史上从未有过的“人类杀劫”的惨烈故事。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">7、43页</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">公元一四○九年,藏传佛教格鲁派宗师宗喀巴在对大昭寺大规模修整之后,以稀 世之宝供养释迦牟尼十二岁等身佛像(藏人尊称“觉仁波切”。“觉”的意思是至尊,“仁波切”的意思是珍宝,也用以指代转世高僧),并献上纯金制作的五佛冠。同时,为纪念佛陀以神变之法大败六种外道的功德,宗喀巴遍召各寺院、各教派的僧众,于藏历正月期间在大昭寺举行祝福祈愿的大法会“默朗钦莫”, 前后持续十五天。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">因来参加法会的僧俗众多,故将其法座移到大昭寺西南角的广场继续传法,从此 历代达赖喇嘛和甘丹赤巴(甘丹寺法台)都在此处传授佛法而称之为“松却绕瓦”,意为“传法之地”。而法会也遂成惯例得以沿袭,五世达赖喇嘛以后延至二十一天。届时拉萨三大寺——哲蚌寺、色拉寺、甘丹寺以及其他寺院的数万僧人云集于大昭寺,举行修法、辩经、驱魔、酥油花灯会、迎请未来强巴佛等活动。在“松却绕瓦”的辩经场面甚为壮观,最优秀者可以获得格鲁派最高学位——“拉然巴格西”。这一年一度的盛大法会通常由达赖喇嘛亲自主持。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">文革以前的“松却绕瓦”是拉萨除了寺院和布达拉宫之外唯一一块铺了石头的场 地,专门供法会上无数僧侣就座。但在文革期间,这里是揪斗“牛鬼蛇神”的批斗场,改名为“立新广场”。以后除了在此召开群众大会,还是露天电影院、文艺团体表演翻译成藏语的样板戏《红灯记》和现代革命舞剧《红色娘子军》的剧场。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />文革结束后,“松却绕瓦”虽然不再用来从事政治集会,但它的宗教作用也没有 完全复甦。一九八六年二月,被禁二十年的祈愿大法会重新恢复,却远不如传统 上的规模,三年后,由于一九八九年在法会期间发生当局宣称的“骚乱”再度被 取消,至今不再举行。“松却绕瓦”日渐被云集的商贩拥挤得只余小片空地。这 些商贩有的来自山南农村,带着自己编织的氆氇毛毯出售给当地人和游客;也有 不少汉人和回族商贩在此摆摊,以卖旅游工艺品为主。在“松却绕瓦”左边不远 处,是八角街派出所。(注:于二○一三年夏天竣工的“拉萨老城区保护工程”, 将之前布满帕廓街的两千六百多个摊位全部迁出。其中多数是藏人摊贩。“松却 绕瓦”被竖墙封闭而不得进入,是驻大昭寺工作组的休息地和停车场。八角街派 出所升级为“八廓古城公安局”。以大昭寺及环绕大昭寺的帕廓为主的老城被命 名为“八廓古城”,成了专为游客打造的旅游景点和主题公园,其本身的宗教性 遭到削弱)。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />这张照片是“破四旧”运动中的第一次“革命行动”——一九六六年八月二十四日,砸大昭寺的部分红卫兵在讲经场“松却绕瓦”的合影。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">曾经聚集数万绛红喇嘛的讲经场面目全非。过去供奉达赖喇嘛和高僧大德之法座 的高台上,此刻却被毛泽东画像和一面上书“宣战书”的大牌子取而代之。一幅 “彻底砸烂旧世界!我们要做新世界的主人!”的标语被高高举起,比红墙金顶的大昭寺更为醒目。除了一群看热闹的小孩子和七八个头上系着头帕挤坐在一起 的女人(她们是帕廓街上的居民),在林立的红旗和红缨枪之间,一个个东张西望、稚气十足的年轻人几乎都是拉萨中学的学生。当然,其中还有率领和指挥学生们砸寺院的老师们,比如前排左边第一人。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding-top: 25px;"><span class="result-title" face="&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, FreeSerif, serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.2px;">(</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.9px;">本文发表于自由亚洲特约评论:</span></span><span style="color: #7f501f; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, FreeSerif, serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.9px;">https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-09182023115151.html</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, FreeSerif, serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.9px;">)</span></span></p></div><footer style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; float: left; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; width: 1200px;"><div class="postComment" id="viewlet-below-content" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px auto; width: 916px;"></div></footer>Unknown[email protected]0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-101413679960970342.post-78870737398433269122024-04-06T15:03:00.004+08:002024-04-06T15:03:23.235+08:00特约评论 | 唯色:《杀劫》2023年最新修订版与前两版有何不同?(三)<p><br /></p><div class="mobilecontainer" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"><div id="storytop" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; font-size: 10px; margin-bottom: 12px; width: 620px;"></div></div><div class="clear" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"></div><div id="headerimg" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; display: table; float: left; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17px; margin-bottom: 36px; margin-right: 36px; width: 1px;"><img alt="评论 | 唯色:《杀劫》2023年最新修订版与前两版有何不同?(三)" height="620" src="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-08282023100101.html/@@images/0d15618f-0e2b-4c08-8ed9-3c1bb058dad9.jpeg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; vertical-align: middle;" title="评论 | 唯色:《杀劫》2023年最新修订版与前两版有何不同?(三)" width="620" /><span class="lead_image_caption" style="box-sizing: border-box; caption-side: bottom; display: block; font-family: &quot;Merriweather Sans&quot;, sans-serif; font-weight: 600; line-height: 17px; margin: 12px 0.5em 0.7em 0.1em; width: 620px;">《杀劫》2023年最新修订版26页图左</span><div id="zoomattribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; height: auto; margin: 0px; padding-right: 15px; position: relative; text-align: right; top: 0px; vertical-align: middle; width: 620px;"><a data-caption="《杀劫》2023年最新修订版26页图左" data-fancybox="" href="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-08282023100101.html/@@images/image/social_media" id="single_image" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: black; text-decoration-line: none;" title="《杀劫》2023年最新修订版26页图左"><img src="https://www.rfa.org/++plone++rfa-resources/img/icon-zoom.png" style="border: none; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; vertical-align: middle;" />&nbsp;</a><span class="copyright" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10px;">唯色提供</span></div></div><div id="storytext" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">比较《杀劫》2023<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">年最新修订版与之前两版(</span>2006<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">年初版、</span>2016<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">年纪念版),就我父亲在西藏文革期间拍摄的照片所做的说明,我打算选择其中补充与更改较多的图文,编辑成多篇帖子发表于自由亚洲特约评论专栏,为的是让更多的读者了解并不久远却仿佛淡忘的历史。请勿认为我一直在喋喋不休发生在西藏的文化大革命,一直在类似碎碎念地提及“杀劫”(藏语“革命”的谐音)和“人类杀劫”(藏语“文化大革命”的谐音)造成的毁灭,这实际上是因为基本上,几乎,只有我一个人的声音,在用中文讲述西藏历史上从未有过的“人类杀劫”的惨烈故事。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">&nbsp;</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">4<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">、</span>26<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">页</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">&nbsp;</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">一九六六年五月十六日,毛泽东发出文化大革命的号召;五月二十八日,日后成为“一人之下,亿万人之上”的最高权力机构——“中央文化革命小组”成立。于是,五月底,西藏自治区党委“文化大革命领导小组”随即成立。六月初,在北京大学师生贴出第一张大字报之后,拉萨各单位也相继贴出大量“口诛笔伐”的大字报。显而易见,在中国共产党的领导下,被“解放”的西藏对北京亦步亦趋,至多在时间上有半拍之差,而这一点是可以理解的,毕竟山重水复,千里路迢迢。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">这两幅照片拍摄于一九六六年八月十九日,在“拉萨人民体育场”(<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">原属拉萨贵族索康家族的林园“波林卡”</span>)<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">,据《西藏日报》报导,“拉萨五万群众集会游行庆祝无产阶级文化大革命”,西藏文化大革命的序幕正式拉开。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">图1<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">,站在前台主持大会的是中共在西藏的第一把手张国华,时任西藏军区司令员兼西藏自治区委员会第一书记。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">图2<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">,在毛泽东画像前,面对主席台和众多中共官员,可以看见有两个摄影师:一个穿浅色上装, 头戴鸭舌帽,胸前挂着两个相机,可能是西藏军区摄影记者;另一个穿深色上装,头戴鸭舌帽,手提摄像机,是中央新闻纪录电影制片厂驻西藏记者站的藏人摄影师。而在演讲者左边,脖子上挂着两台相机的无帽男,被认出是《西藏日报》的摄影记者。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span class="result-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p><figure class="image-richtext image-inline captioned" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: table; float: none; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; height: auto; letter-spacing: 0.05em; margin: 10px 15px 0px 0px; max-width: 100%; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-top: 15px; width: 767px;"><img alt="《杀劫》2023年最新修订版26页图右。(唯色提供)" height="768" src="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-08282023100101.html/86708rfa8bc48bba2-p26-002.jpg/@@images/cc54bb20-4235-489e-b32f-39bfb17997ca.jpeg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; max-width: 620px; vertical-align: middle;" title="8月RFA评论2-P26-002.jpg" width="767" /><figcaption class="image-caption" style="box-sizing: border-box; caption-side: bottom; font-family: &quot;Merriweather Sans&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 17px; margin: 7px 0.5em 0.7em 0.1em; max-width: 620px;">《杀劫》2023年最新修订版26页图右。(唯色提供)</figcaption><small style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10px;"></small><div id="zoomattribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; height: auto; margin: 0px; padding-right: 15px; position: relative; text-align: right; top: 0px; vertical-align: middle; width: 767px;"><a data-caption="《杀劫》2023年最新修订版26页图右。(唯色提供)" data-fancybox="" href="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-08282023100101.html/86708rfa8bc48bba2-p26-002.jpg" id="single_image" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0645ad;" target="_blank" title="《杀劫》2023年最新修订版26页图右。(唯色提供)"><img src="https://www.rfa.org/++plone++rfa-resources/img/icon-zoom.png" style="border: none; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; max-width: 620px; vertical-align: middle;" /></a></div></figure><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">&nbsp;5<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">、</span>28<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">页上图</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">&nbsp;</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">在庆祝文化大革命的大会上,西藏师范学校的藏人红卫兵跑上台,为中共在西藏的第一把手张国华戴上红卫兵袖章。但这个仿效北京红卫兵为毛泽东戴上红卫兵袖章的举动,并不说明张国华就是西藏的毛泽东,不久,张被视为西藏的“土皇帝”和最大的“走资派”(<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">“走资本主义道路的当权派”</span>)<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">,被这些“舍得一身剐,敢把皇帝拉下马”的学生红卫兵造反。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">照片上,戴墨镜的军人就是张国华。在张国华左边的是周仁山,时任西藏自治区委员会书记处书记,正给他戴红卫兵袖章的,很像拉萨中学教师、拉萨红卫兵的主要组建者、拉萨造反派的主要领袖陶长松。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span class="result-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><figure class="image-richtext image-inline captioned" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: table; float: none; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; height: auto; letter-spacing: 0.05em; margin: 10px 15px 0px 0px; max-width: 100%; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-top: 15px; width: 768px;"><img alt="《杀劫》2023年最新修订版28页上图。(唯色提供)" height="768" src="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-08282023100101.html/86708rfa8bc48bba2-p28-003.jpg/@@images/61ce179c-06ec-4128-95fd-9ba7403cb7df.jpeg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; max-width: 620px; vertical-align: middle;" title="8月RFA评论2-P28-003.jpg" width="768" /><figcaption class="image-caption" style="box-sizing: border-box; caption-side: bottom; font-family: &quot;Merriweather Sans&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 17px; margin: 7px 0.5em 0.7em 0.1em; max-width: 620px;">《杀劫》2023年最新修订版28页上图。(唯色提供)</figcaption><small style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10px;"></small><div id="zoomattribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; height: auto; margin: 0px; padding-right: 15px; position: relative; text-align: right; top: 0px; vertical-align: middle; width: 768px;"><a data-caption="《杀劫》2023年最新修订版28页上图。(唯色提供)" data-fancybox="" href="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-08282023100101.html/86708rfa8bc48bba2-p28-003.jpg" id="single_image" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0645ad;" target="_blank" title="《杀劫》2023年最新修订版28页上图。(唯色提供)"><img src="https://www.rfa.org/++plone++rfa-resources/img/icon-zoom.png" style="border: none; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; max-width: 620px; vertical-align: middle;" /></a></div></figure><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">&nbsp;6<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">、</span>28<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">页下图</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span class="result-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">写决心书,是文革中的时尚。决心书越大,似乎投身于文化大革命的热情就越高。照片上,张国华和周仁山作为军队与地方的最高长官,以屈尊俯就的姿态接受了革命群众的决心书。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span class="result-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><figure class="image-richtext image-inline captioned" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: table; float: none; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; height: auto; letter-spacing: 0.05em; margin: 10px 15px 0px 0px; max-width: 100%; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-top: 15px; width: 761px;"><img alt="《杀劫》2023年最新修订版28页下图。(唯色提供)" height="768" src="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-08282023100101.html/86708rfa8bc48bba2-p28-004.jpg/@@images/6a912860-712f-4cb3-a665-756ee03100d5.jpeg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; max-width: 620px; vertical-align: middle;" title="8月RFA评论2-P28-004.jpg" width="761" /><figcaption class="image-caption" style="box-sizing: border-box; caption-side: bottom; font-family: &quot;Merriweather Sans&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 17px; margin: 7px 0.5em 0.7em 0.1em; max-width: 620px;">《杀劫》2023年最新修订版28页下图。(唯色提供)</figcaption><small style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10px;"></small><div id="zoomattribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; height: auto; margin: 0px; padding-right: 15px; position: relative; text-align: right; top: 0px; vertical-align: middle; width: 761px;"><a data-caption="《杀劫》2023年最新修订版28页下图。(唯色提供)" data-fancybox="" href="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-08282023100101.html/86708rfa8bc48bba2-p28-004.jpg" id="single_image" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0645ad;" target="_blank" title="《杀劫》2023年最新修订版28页下图。(唯色提供)"><img src="https://www.rfa.org/++plone++rfa-resources/img/icon-zoom.png" style="border: none; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; max-width: 620px; vertical-align: middle;" /></a></div></figure><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span class="result-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="result-title" face="&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, FreeSerif, serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.2px;">(</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.9px;">本文发表于自由亚洲特约评论:</span></span><span style="color: #7f501f; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, FreeSerif, serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.9px;">https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-08282023100101.html</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, FreeSerif, serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.9px;">)</span></span><span style="font-family: Microsoft YaHei, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></p></div>Unknown[email protected]0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-101413679960970342.post-81130429493894507062024-04-06T15:00:00.004+08:002024-04-06T15:00:15.455+08:00特约评论 | 唯色:《杀劫》2023年最新修订版与前两版有何不同?(二)<p><br /></p><div class="mobilecontainer" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><div id="storytop" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; font-size: 10px; margin-bottom: 12px; width: 620px;"></div></div><div class="clear" style="box-sizing: border-box; clear: both;"></div><div id="headerimg" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: table; float: left; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17px; margin-bottom: 36px; margin-right: 36px; width: 1px;"><img alt="评论 | 唯色:《杀劫》2023年最新修订版与前两版有何不同?(二)" height="472" src="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-08232023121143.html/@@images/bb05a9ff-55b4-4733-84cd-5b335123ebcc.jpeg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; vertical-align: middle;" title="评论 | 唯色:《杀劫》2023年最新修订版与前两版有何不同?(二)" width="620" /><span class="lead_image_caption" style="box-sizing: border-box; caption-side: bottom; display: block; font-family: &quot;Merriweather Sans&quot;, sans-serif; font-weight: 600; line-height: 17px; margin: 12px 0.5em 0.7em 0.1em; width: 620px;">《杀劫》2023年最新修订版17页图左。</span><div id="zoomattribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; height: auto; margin: 0px; padding-right: 15px; position: relative; text-align: right; top: 0px; vertical-align: middle; width: 620px;"><a data-caption="《杀劫》2023年最新修订版17页图左。" data-fancybox="" href="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-08232023121143.html/@@images/image/social_media" id="single_image" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; box-sizing: border-box; color: black; text-decoration-line: none;" title="《杀劫》2023年最新修订版17页图左。"><img src="https://www.rfa.org/++plone++rfa-resources/img/icon-zoom.png" style="border: none; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; vertical-align: middle;" />&nbsp;</a><span class="copyright" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10px;">唯色提供</span></div></div><div id="storytext" style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px;"><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">现如今在盛世中国,毛泽东发动的文化大革命日渐淡出,准确地说,是被淡出。正如奥威尔在《1984<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">》的结尾(多么悲怆的结尾)写:“……但是没有事,一切都很好,斗争已经结束了。他战胜了自己。他热爱老大哥。”而这个“他”,无须道出“他”在书中的名字,因为“他”是你,也是我。当我在微信朋友圈里看到人们提及文革是如此小心翼翼,或用汉字拼音的缩写“</span>WG<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">”替代,或用汉字谐音的“纹格”替代,若不这般掩饰,文章或言论就会被屏蔽。而发生在西藏的文化大革命,简称西藏文革,从来都是敏感词,从来都会双倍地被屏蔽,我依据我父亲拍摄的近三百张西藏文革照片做的调查采访和记录书写,于</span>2006<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">年出版的《杀劫》一书,在时隔十七年后依然有着,甚至愈发有着触目惊心的现实意义。</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">&nbsp;</p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">也因此,比较《杀劫》2023<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">年最新修订版与之前两版(</span>2006<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">年初版、</span>2016<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">年纪念版),就我父亲在西藏文革期间拍摄的照片所做的说明,我打算选择其中补充与更改较多的图文,编辑成多篇帖子发表于自由亚洲特约评论专栏,为的是让更多的读者了解并不久远却仿佛淡忘的历史。</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">&nbsp;</p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">1<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">、</span>17<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">页</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">&nbsp;</p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">看上去,文化大革命即将到来之前的拉萨风平浪静。一幢幢类似兵营的房屋修筑 在过去的大片草地、“林卡”(<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">林园</span>)<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">和沼泽上,是新政府的办公场地和宿舍。一条条新开辟的街道被命名为北京路、人民路等。据一九六五年的《西藏日报》报导:拉萨市建成了一个以人民路为中心的、拥有二十五个较大的建筑物的新市区。中国官媒记者写:“一九六五年庆祝西藏自治区成立,中央直接拨专款用于拉萨市政建设,是民主改革后市政建设的第一个高峰。”</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">&nbsp;</p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><figure class="image-richtext image-inline captioned" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; display: table; float: none; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; height: auto; letter-spacing: 0.9px; margin: 10px 15px 0px 0px; max-width: 100%; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-top: 15px; width: 715px;"><a href="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-08232023121143.html/86708rfa8bc48bba1-p17-002.jpg" rel="lightbox" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0645ad;" target="_blank"><img alt="《杀劫》2023年最新修订版17页图右。(唯色提供)" height="700" src="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-08232023121143.html/86708rfa8bc48bba1-p17-002.jpg/@@images/00bb480b-2c7f-4804-9ca6-298c99dbdf1d.jpeg" style="border: none; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; max-width: 620px; vertical-align: middle;" title="8月RFA评论1-P17-002.jpg" width="715" /></a><figcaption class="image-caption" style="box-sizing: border-box; caption-side: bottom; font-family: &quot;Merriweather Sans&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 17px; margin: 7px 0.5em 0.7em 0.1em; max-width: 620px;">《杀劫》2023年最新修订版17页图右。(唯色提供)</figcaption><small style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10px;"></small><div id="zoomattribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; height: auto; margin: 0px; padding-right: 15px; position: relative; text-align: right; top: 0px; vertical-align: middle; width: 715px;"><a data-caption="《杀劫》2023年最新修订版17页图右。(唯色提供)" data-fancybox="" href="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-08232023121143.html/86708rfa8bc48bba1-p17-002.jpg" id="single_image" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0645ad;" target="_blank" title="《杀劫》2023年最新修订版17页图右。(唯色提供)"><img src="https://www.rfa.org/++plone++rfa-resources/img/icon-zoom.png" style="border: none; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; max-width: 620px; vertical-align: middle;" /></a></div></figure><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">二十世纪六○年代的拉萨正在失却古老而独特的风貌,举世闻名的布达拉宫是沧桑之变的见证。</p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">&nbsp;</p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">左图,在布达拉宫斜对面的小山顶,原有建于十七世纪的医药利众寺,但毁于一九五九年三月的解放军炮火。右图,是从布达拉宫俯拍的拉萨东南面,左边的藏式建筑为十四世达赖喇嘛家族尧西达孜的府邸,从布达拉宫东门有小路通往; 左上角依稀模糊的寺院建筑是历史悠久的大昭寺;往东也有不少影影绰绰的藏式老房子。</p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">&nbsp;</p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">2<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">、</span>19<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">页</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">&nbsp;</p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">这就是大昭寺,被十四世达赖喇嘛誉为“全藏最崇高的寺庙”。一九六四年二月十九日至二十九日,正值藏历新年期间,按照西藏传统,在这里举行祝福祈愿的盛大法会“默朗钦莫”,中文译为“传召法会”。然而,插在寺院之顶的五星红旗和挂在寺院墙上的标语(用藏汉文写“……繁荣经济改善人民的生活”),却已表明今非昔比。西藏的灵魂、至高无上的达赖喇嘛于一九五九年三月十七日被迫出走,流亡印度已五年。</p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">&nbsp;</p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><figure class="image-richtext image-inline captioned" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; display: table; float: none; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; height: auto; letter-spacing: 0.9px; margin: 10px 15px 0px 0px; max-width: 100%; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-top: 15px; width: 775px;"><img alt="《杀劫》2023年最新修订版19页。(唯色提供)" height="768" src="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-08232023121143.html/86708rfa8bc48bba1-p19-003.jpg/@@images/f92439cc-7805-4d19-8398-05d181711a1e.jpeg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; max-width: 620px; vertical-align: middle;" title="8月RFA评论1-P19-003.jpg" width="775" /><figcaption class="image-caption" style="box-sizing: border-box; caption-side: bottom; font-family: &quot;Merriweather Sans&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 17px; margin: 7px 0.5em 0.7em 0.1em; max-width: 620px;">《杀劫》2023年最新修订版19页。(唯色提供)</figcaption><small style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10px;"></small><div id="zoomattribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; height: auto; margin: 0px; padding-right: 15px; position: relative; text-align: right; top: 0px; vertical-align: middle; width: 775px;"><a data-caption="《杀劫》2023年最新修订版19页。(唯色提供)" data-fancybox="" href="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-08232023121143.html/86708rfa8bc48bba1-p19-003.jpg" id="single_image" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0645ad;" target="_blank" title="《杀劫》2023年最新修订版19页。(唯色提供)"><img src="https://www.rfa.org/++plone++rfa-resources/img/icon-zoom.png" style="border: none; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; max-width: 620px; vertical-align: middle;" /></a></div></figure><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">据中国官方报导,这次法会期间,“中央人民政府代表张经武和自治区筹委会代理主任委员班禅额尔德尼分别派代表向参加传召大会的僧众发放了布施”。半年之后,十世班禅喇嘛因为向毛泽东递交著名的《七万言书》,直言批评中共对全藏区尤其是对西藏宗教的破坏,而被当作西藏“最大的反动农奴主之一”遭到批斗并被撤职。来年的“默朗钦莫”也被取消,直至一九八六年才恢复,三年后又被禁止,至今未再举办。</p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">&nbsp;</p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">3<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">、</span>21<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">页</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">&nbsp;</p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">一九六四年的祈愿大法会“默朗钦莫”。按照传统,拉萨所有主要寺院的数万僧人将云集于大昭寺举行连续多日的法会,但这一次的规模已大大缩小,在经历了一九五九年三月反抗中共的“拉萨抗暴”(<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">中共称之为“西藏反革命武装叛乱”</span>)<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">之后,西藏</span>(<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">指今中国行政区划的西藏自治区,以下含“西藏”一词,有些指西藏自治区,有些指全藏地,如“西藏文革”,视内容而定</span>)<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">自治区十多万僧尼只剩下几千人留在寺院。从图中即可看出,坐满大昭寺二楼露台上的不是往日的僧人,而是普普通通的男女老少。</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">&nbsp;</p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><figure class="image-richtext image-inline captioned" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; display: table; float: none; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; height: auto; letter-spacing: 0.9px; margin: 10px 15px 0px 0px; max-width: 100%; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-top: 15px; width: 774px;"><img alt="《杀劫》2023年最新修订版21页。(唯色提供)" height="768" src="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-08232023121143.html/86708rfa8bc48bba1-p21-004.jpg/@@images/a9494e6e-cb79-45de-8469-3f18cb4338d3.jpeg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; max-width: 620px; vertical-align: middle;" title="8月RFA评论1-P21-004.jpg" width="774" /><figcaption class="image-caption" style="box-sizing: border-box; caption-side: bottom; font-family: &quot;Merriweather Sans&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 17px; margin: 7px 0.5em 0.7em 0.1em; max-width: 620px;">《杀劫》2023年最新修订版21页。(唯色提供)</figcaption><small style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10px;"></small><div id="zoomattribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; height: auto; margin: 0px; padding-right: 15px; position: relative; text-align: right; top: 0px; vertical-align: middle; width: 774px;"><a data-caption="《杀劫》2023年最新修订版21页。(唯色提供)" data-fancybox="" href="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-08232023121143.html/86708rfa8bc48bba1-p21-004.jpg" id="single_image" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0645ad;" target="_blank" title="《杀劫》2023年最新修订版21页。(唯色提供)"><img src="https://www.rfa.org/++plone++rfa-resources/img/icon-zoom.png" style="border: none; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; max-width: 620px; vertical-align: middle;" /></a></div></figure><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">耐人寻味的是,各种醒目的政治标语也已经包围了大昭寺。在往日法会期间达赖喇嘛下榻的“日光殿”悬挂的标语上,用藏汉文写着“继续贯彻执行政治统一、信教自由的方针”。这实际上是一条来自强权者的指令,概而言之,即必须听从中共对西藏宗教的任何措施。另一条悬挂的横幅用藏汉文写“各族人民伟大领袖毛主席万岁!”自奉无神论的唯物主义者显露出要用它的大神一统天下的面目。</p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><br /></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, FreeSerif, serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px;">(</span><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, FreeSerif, serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.9px;">本文发表于自由亚洲特约评论:</span><span style="color: #7f501f; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, FreeSerif, serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.9px;">https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-08232023121143.html</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, FreeSerif, serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.9px;">)</span></span></p></div>Unknown[email protected]0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-101413679960970342.post-46983575720949066632024-04-06T14:57:00.003+08:002024-04-06T14:57:32.712+08:00特约评论 | 唯色:《杀劫》2023年最新修订版与前两版有何不同?(一)<p><img alt="评论 | 唯色:《杀劫》2023年最新修订版与前两版有何不同?(一)" height="441" src="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-07272023153056.html/@@images/abb3d500-8f3f-42f3-a657-6becbc819004.jpeg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; height: auto; vertical-align: middle;" title="评论 | 唯色:《杀劫》2023年最新修订版与前两版有何不同?(一)" width="620" /></p><div id="headerimg" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: table; float: left; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17px; margin-bottom: 36px; margin-right: 36px; width: 1px;"><span class="lead_image_caption" style="box-sizing: border-box; caption-side: bottom; display: block; font-family: &quot;Merriweather Sans&quot;, sans-serif; font-weight: 600; line-height: 17px; margin: 12px 0.5em 0.7em 0.1em; width: 620px;">唯色作品《杀劫》封面截图</span><div id="zoomattribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; height: auto; margin: 0px; padding-right: 15px; position: relative; text-align: right; top: 0px; vertical-align: middle; width: 620px;"><a data-caption="唯色作品《杀劫》封面截图" data-fancybox="" href="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-07272023153056.html/@@images/image/social_media" id="single_image" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; box-sizing: border-box; color: black; text-decoration-line: none;" title="唯色作品《杀劫》封面截图"><img src="https://www.rfa.org/++plone++rfa-resources/img/icon-zoom.png" style="border: none; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; vertical-align: middle;" />&nbsp;</a><span class="copyright" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10px;">唯色提供</span></div></div><div id="storytext" style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px;"><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">因藏语“革命”的谐音而得名《杀劫》的图文书,初版于2006<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">年文化大革命四十周年,由台湾大块文化公司出版。出版后获得的这两个评价简明扼要:“关于文革在西藏最全面的一批民间图片记录”“文革研究的西藏部分因此不再空白”。</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">《杀劫》再版,是文革五十周年纪念版,于2016<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">年出版。相比初版,除了修订文字,还增加了一章:“补充:《杀劫》之后”,其中包括我用我父亲当年拍摄西藏文革照片的相机,来到他当年拍摄斗牛鬼蛇神、开各种政治集会的地点,拍摄今天的各种场景,有</span>22<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">张彩色照片,以及用数码相机拍摄的十多张照片</span>。</p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">于是某种对比由黑白照片和彩色照片呈现:比如,在大昭寺庭院,当年红卫兵将砸烂的佛像堆满,遍地狼藉,不忍目睹;如今则是中国游客的身影充满,举止粗俗,口音喧哗。又如,在大昭寺讲经场松却绕瓦,文革时在这里批斗喇嘛、仁波切、贵族、旧官员,在这里集会,表演从北京学来的革命戏剧、红色舞蹈;如今这里依然不是讲授佛法、辩论佛经的传统讲经场,而是驻寺工作组和寺管会红喇嘛的停车场。</p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">又如,环绕大昭寺的转经街,文革时,是众多“牛鬼蛇神”被沿街游斗时所经之处,他们戴上纸糊的高帽,穿上旧时的尊贵服装,手里还捧着各种贵重物品,被红卫兵和积极分子驱赶着,尊严扫地,蒙羞含辱;如今这里是藏人转经礼佛处,同时被警务站、摄像头、狙击手、穿制服的军警与便衣警察、各色线人高度关注,另外,这里还是中国游客扮相野蛮人(他们心目中的藏人)并将佛具当做道具,拍摄“西藏风情”的打卡点。</p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">而《杀劫》2023<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">年最新修订版,依据的是在这之前出版的藏文、日文及英文译本所做的修订。每一种译本的出版,都是每一位译者、编辑与我重做的修订,尤其是翻译时间最长,并于</span>2020<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">年出版的英文版</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">《</span>Forbidden Memory<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">:</span>&nbsp;Tibet during the Cultural Revolution》,更是相当仔细的修订结果。并且,2023<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">年最新修订版还增加了多帧珍贵老照片,有的照片是对初版照片的更换,也都是我父亲在文革中拍摄的照片。</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">更重要的意义在于,随着时间的流逝,当年接受我访谈的经历者接踵过世,2006<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">年初版时有两位受访者病故,而</span>至2023<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">年最新修订版出版,已有半数以上的长辈去世,包括我的母亲于</span>2022<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">年</span>8<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">月</span>11<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">日,在拉萨因新冠疫情封城百余日的数小時前病故。不但是曾经的见证者的离去令人悲伤,实际上,这些年</span>我常常觉得瞠目结舌,因为我们会在很多亲历者还活着的时候就看见,历史被权力堂而皇之地改写。所以更有一种紧迫感,但也有一种无力感,毕竟个人或少数人的努力太微弱了,也就因此更感念譬如台湾大块文化公司这样的为记录历史提供场域的良心出版者。白纸黑字,始终是证据,不然《1984》里的销毁和涂改就不会那么积极了。</p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span class="result-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">&nbsp;</span></p><div><span class="result-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="result-title" face="&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, FreeSerif, serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.2px;">(</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.9px;">本文发表于自由亚洲特约评论:</span></span><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #7f501f; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, FreeSerif, serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.9px;">https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-07272023153056.html</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, FreeSerif, serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.9px;">)</span></span></span></span></div></div>Unknown[email protected]0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-101413679960970342.post-54503564414894301392024-04-06T14:54:00.002+08:002024-04-06T14:55:22.151+08:00特约评论 | 唯色:在ADI-Inalco联合举办《杀劫》英文版在线讨论会上的发言<div class="mobilecontainer" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"><div id="storytop" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; font-size: 10px; margin-bottom: 12px; width: 620px;"><div id="storytoptools" style="box-sizing: border-box; float: right; margin-top: 8px;"><div class="storytoptoolbutton a2a_kit a2a_default_style" style="box-sizing: border-box; float: left; margin-left: 8px; text-align: center;"><br /></div></div></div></div><div class="clear" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"></div><div id="headerimg" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; display: table; float: left; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17px; margin-bottom: 36px; margin-right: 36px; width: 1px;"><img alt="评论 | 唯色:在ADI-Inalco联合举办《杀劫》英文版在线讨论会上的发言" height="348" src="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-07242023104914.html/@@images/2e54975e-7d25-4c6d-a7cd-4d01931f1c95.jpeg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; vertical-align: middle;" title="评论 | 唯色:在ADI-Inalco联合举办《杀劫》英文版在线讨论会上的发言" width="620" /><span class="lead_image_caption" face="&quot;Merriweather Sans&quot;, sans-serif" style="box-sizing: border-box; caption-side: bottom; display: block; font-weight: 600; line-height: 17px; margin: 12px 0.5em 0.7em 0.1em; width: 620px;">2020年12月17日,关于《杀劫》英文版《Forbidden Memory: Tibet during the Cultural Revolution》,由国际知名的ADI-Inalco联合举办在线讨论会</span><div id="zoomattribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; height: auto; margin: 0px; padding-right: 15px; position: relative; text-align: right; top: 0px; vertical-align: middle; width: 620px;"><a data-caption="2020年12月17日,关于《杀劫》英文版《Forbidden Memory: Tibet during the Cultural Revolution》,由国际知名的ADI-Inalco联合举办在线讨论会" data-fancybox="" href="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-07242023104914.html/@@images/image/social_media" id="single_image" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: black; text-decoration-line: none;" title="2020年12月17日,关于《杀劫》英文版《Forbidden Memory: Tibet during the Cultural Revolution》,由国际知名的ADI-Inalco联合举办在线讨论会"><img src="https://www.rfa.org/++plone++rfa-resources/img/icon-zoom.png" style="border: none; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; vertical-align: middle;" />&nbsp;</a><span class="copyright" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10px;">视频截图/ADI-Inalco</span></div></div><div id="storytext" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px;"><blockquote style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.05em;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">【我的有关文化大革命在西藏的图文记录和评述《杀劫》英文版《Forbidden Memory: Tibet during the Cultural Revolution》,于2020年5月以纸书和电子书两种形式出版发行。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding-top: 25px;">2020年12月17日,由国际知名的ADI-Inalco联合举办在线讨论会,汇集了研究现代中国、新疆、日本、印度和西藏的多位历史学家、社会科学家,以及《杀劫》的作者茨仁唯色和《杀劫》英文版的编辑Robert Barnett先生。以下是我的发言:】</p></blockquote><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span class="result-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />感谢各位学者,在特殊的2020年即将终结时,为《杀劫》英文版即《Forbidden Memory: Tibet during the Cultural Revolution》举办这场讨论会。这本用文字和图像记录类似瘟疫的灾难之书,得到各位杰出学者的关注,让我深感荣幸。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">感谢这本书的译者Susan Chen女士,感谢著名藏学家Robert Barnett先生的编辑、修订,他们在与我无数次的讨论和查证中,除了修正原著中个别失误,还纠正了原著的疏漏,并对我父亲拍摄的照片细节有新的发现和补充,使得《杀劫》英文版成为目前所有版本和译本中最完善的一版。而之前的译本还包括藏文版和日文版。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span class="result-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><figure class="image-richtext image-inline captioned" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: table; float: none; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; height: auto; letter-spacing: 0.05em; margin: 10px 15px 0px 0px; max-width: 100%; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-top: 15px; width: 2106px;"><img alt="2020年12月17日,关于《杀劫》英文版《Forbidden Memory: Tibet during the Cultural Revolution》,由国际知名的ADI-Inalco联合举办在线讨论会。(视频截图/ADI-Inalco)" height="1637" src="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-07242023104914.html/76708rfa8bc48bba1-0021.jpg/@@images/6e661a6e-42b8-499e-ad2b-38ca41fe13c8.jpeg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; max-width: 620px; vertical-align: middle;" title="7月RFA评论1-0021.jpg" width="2106" /><figcaption class="image-caption" style="box-sizing: border-box; caption-side: bottom; font-family: &quot;Merriweather Sans&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 17px; margin: 7px 0.5em 0.7em 0.1em; max-width: 620px;">2020年12月17日,关于《杀劫》英文版《Forbidden Memory: Tibet during the Cultural Revolution》,由国际知名的ADI-Inalco联合举办在线讨论会。(视频截图/ADI-Inalco)</figcaption><small style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10px;"></small><div id="zoomattribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; height: auto; margin: 0px; padding-right: 15px; position: relative; text-align: right; top: 0px; vertical-align: middle; width: 2106px;"><a data-caption="2020年12月17日,关于《杀劫》英文版《Forbidden Memory: Tibet during the Cultural Revolution》,由国际知名的ADI-Inalco联合举办在线讨论会。(视频截图/ADI-Inalco)" data-fancybox="" href="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-07242023104914.html/76708rfa8bc48bba1-0021.jpg" id="single_image" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0645ad;" target="_blank" title="2020年12月17日,关于《杀劫》英文版《Forbidden Memory: Tibet during the Cultural Revolution》,由国际知名的ADI-Inalco联合举办在线讨论会。(视频截图/ADI-Inalco)"><img src="https://www.rfa.org/++plone++rfa-resources/img/icon-zoom.png" style="border: none; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; max-width: 620px; vertical-align: middle;" /></a></div></figure><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">《杀劫》最早于2006年——即文化大革命四十周年——在台湾出版正体中文版,2016年文化大革命五十周年时《杀劫》的修订版增加了22张照片,是我用父亲当年拍文革照片的相机在他当年拍照的机位再做的拍摄,并增加了用数码相机拍摄的照片和新写的一万多字评论。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">前不久,洛杉矶时报发表了Robert Barnett先生和Susan Chen女士对我的访谈,其中我大致谈到毛泽东发动的文革在整个中国都造成极大破坏,但对西藏的破坏却是灭绝性的,并留下难以逆转的后患。在这里,我想从两方面做进一步说明。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">第一是宗教。藏人社会几乎可说是全民信仰宗教,宗教相当于民族的基因,对大部分藏人而言,宗教即是人生的根本,价值甚至超过生命,文革对西藏宗教的毁灭,无异于是对整个藏民族的精神灭绝。以寺院为例,正如《杀劫》中所记录的,全藏六千多座寺院被夷为废墟,仅今行政区划的西藏自治区,原来的2713座寺院在文革后只剩8座尚存。当然,寺院建筑是表象,毛泽东的文化大革命对每个藏人的洗脑是对传统藏人社会的价值观做了类似“破四旧”的摧毁,实际上从中共军队1950年代进入全藏地域就已经开始。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">而中国或者说汉民族的宗教信仰相对淡漠实用,以世俗性的功利追求为主。传统中国社会以儒家思想为核心,形成了以大一统和忠孝为本,而表现出集权制度与祖先崇拜的延续。虽然儒家思想的家族文化在文革中也被“造反”,但从其延伸出的大家族——党国却更被强化,继续成为今日中国的主导精神,因此从民族精神而言遭受的破坏性远小于藏民族——不难想见,如果没有诸佛菩萨保佑达赖喇嘛1959年出走建立了流亡西藏,使西藏宗教的血脉被挽救和延续,西藏文明在今天很可能已遭到彻底的毁灭。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span class="result-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><figure class="image-richtext image-inline captioned" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: table; float: none; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; height: auto; letter-spacing: 0.05em; margin: 10px 15px 0px 0px; max-width: 100%; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-top: 15px; width: 2322px;"><img alt="2020年12月17日,关于《杀劫》英文版《Forbidden Memory: Tibet during the Cultural Revolution》,由国际知名的ADI-Inalco联合举办在线讨论会。(视频截图/ADI-Inalco)" height="2079" src="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-07242023104914.html/76708rfa8bc48bba1-003.jpg/@@images/3c9741df-518d-499b-8267-fb00f78d98df.jpeg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; max-width: 620px; vertical-align: middle;" title="7月RFA评论1-003.jpg" width="2322" /><figcaption class="image-caption" style="box-sizing: border-box; caption-side: bottom; font-family: &quot;Merriweather Sans&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 17px; margin: 7px 0.5em 0.7em 0.1em; max-width: 620px;">2020年12月17日,关于《杀劫》英文版《Forbidden Memory: Tibet during the Cultural Revolution》,由国际知名的ADI-Inalco联合举办在线讨论会。(视频截图/ADI-Inalco)</figcaption><small style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10px;"></small><div id="zoomattribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; height: auto; margin: 0px; padding-right: 15px; position: relative; text-align: right; top: 0px; vertical-align: middle; width: 2322px;"><a data-caption="2020年12月17日,关于《杀劫》英文版《Forbidden Memory: Tibet during the Cultural Revolution》,由国际知名的ADI-Inalco联合举办在线讨论会。(视频截图/ADI-Inalco)" data-fancybox="" href="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-07242023104914.html/76708rfa8bc48bba1-003.jpg" id="single_image" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0645ad;" target="_blank" title="2020年12月17日,关于《杀劫》英文版《Forbidden Memory: Tibet during the Cultural Revolution》,由国际知名的ADI-Inalco联合举办在线讨论会。(视频截图/ADI-Inalco)"><img src="https://www.rfa.org/++plone++rfa-resources/img/icon-zoom.png" style="border: none; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; max-width: 620px; vertical-align: middle;" /></a></div></figure><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">第二是语言。在中国,无论过去还是现如今,都是以汉语言文字为主要,或者说以汉文为大一统。虽然汉民族在中共政权统治后也进行了所谓文字改革,用简体中文替代了正体中文,但没有伤及根本,口头语言依然一脉相承,大部分有文化的人依然可以读懂正体字。而在藏地完全不同,文革时代取消藏语言文字教学长达十多年,有些地方甚至更长。以致于出生于文革前后的整整一代人——包括我——因此成为藏文文盲,被切断了与自己民族历史之间的纽带,成为失去母语的飘零人。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">与此同时,在文革中,毛泽东不但对汉文做了更加简化的文字改革,还对藏文、蒙文、维吾尔文、哈萨克文等民族的文字做了改革,发明了所谓的“新藏文”、“新蒙文”、“新维文”等,加剧了这些民族的文盲程度,以致于文革后,中国官员承认“五十年来我们国家在语言文字政策上犯过很多错误”,但对藏人等民族来说,这并不是犯个错误这么简单。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">最后引述在我带着父亲拍摄的照片秘密访谈时,一位藏人知识分子说过的一句话:“1959年以后的‘民主改革’是对西藏经济的革命;1966年的‘文化大革命’是对西藏文化的革命。两次革命,使得西藏彻底变了样。”《杀劫》这本书的照片和文字,便是为了向世界见证那一场要从根本上毁灭西藏民族的“人类杀劫”,并想努力地破除毛泽东的“解放者”施加给雪域高原的“除忆诅咒”。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">再次感谢各位学者的关注。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">2020/12/5,于北京</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span class="result-title" face="&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, FreeSerif, serif; letter-spacing: 0.2px;">(</span><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, FreeSerif, serif; letter-spacing: 0.9px;">本文发表于自由亚洲特约评论:</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, FreeSerif, serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.9px;"><a href="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-07242023104914.html">https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-07242023104914.html</a>)</span></span></p></div>Unknown[email protected]0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-101413679960970342.post-38275958099704288112024-03-15T19:29:00.005+08:002024-03-15T19:29:28.038+08:00特约评论 | 唯色:当我们谈论天花时我们在谈论什么(三十六)<div class="separator"><div id="headerimg" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; display: table; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17px; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; width: 1px;"><img alt="评论 | 唯色:当我们谈论天花时我们在谈论什么(三十六)" height="413" src="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-06272023083341.html/@@images/19ebe9c7-0ab3-4b2f-8abf-d90dd8558387.jpeg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; vertical-align: middle;" title="评论 | 唯色:当我们谈论天花时我们在谈论什么(三十六)" width="620" /><span class="lead_image_caption" style="box-sizing: border-box; caption-side: bottom; display: block; font-family: &quot;Merriweather Sans&quot;, sans-serif; font-weight: 600; line-height: 17px; margin: 12px 0.5em 0.7em 0.1em; width: 620px;">1943年日本航拍双黄寺</span><div id="zoomattribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; height: auto; margin: 0px; padding-right: 15px; position: relative; text-align: right; top: 0px; vertical-align: middle; width: 620px;"><a data-caption="1943年日本航拍双黄寺" data-fancybox="" href="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-06272023083341.html/@@images/image/social_media" id="single_image" style="background: transparent; 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left: 0px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; opacity: 1; position: relative; top: 0px; transform: translate3d(-620px, 0px, 0px); width: 14260px;"><div aria-hidden="true" class="slick-slide slick-cloned" data-slick-index="-1" style="box-sizing: border-box; float: left; height: 503.797px; min-height: 1px; width: 620px;" tabindex="-1"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; width: 620px;"><img alt="6月RFA评论2-012.jpeg" height="465" src="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-06272023083341.html/tianhua/66708rfa8bc48bba2-012.jpeg/@@images/867ec092-75f0-4e2b-a552-162064145596.jpeg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" title="6月RFA评论2-012.jpeg" width="620" /><p class="slideshow_caption" style="box-sizing: border-box; caption-side: bottom; font-family: &quot;Merriweather Sans&quot;, sans-serif; font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: 0.2px; line-height: 17px; margin: 12px 0.5em 0.7em 0.1em; width: 620px;">西黄寺与已为“总政大院”的东黄寺紧邻(友人近日拍摄)</p></div></div></div><div aria-hidden="false" class="slick-slide slick-current slick-active" data-slick-index="0" id="slick-slide00" role="tabpanel" style="box-sizing: border-box; float: left; height: 382.797px; min-height: 1px; width: 620px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; width: 620px;"><img alt="6月RFA评论2-002.jpeg" height="344" src="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-06272023083341.html/tianhua/66708rfa8bc48bba2-002.jpeg/@@images/0aa34e4d-7606-4acc-88ba-4e1a98967cef.jpeg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" title="6月RFA评论2-002.jpeg" width="620" /><p class="slideshow_caption" style="box-sizing: border-box; caption-side: bottom; font-family: &quot;Merriweather Sans&quot;, sans-serif; font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: 0.2px; line-height: 17px; margin: 12px 0.5em 0.7em 0.1em; width: 620px;">东黄寺山门(拍摄于1909年)</p></div></div></div><div aria-hidden="true" class="slick-slide" data-slick-index="1" id="slick-slide01" role="tabpanel" style="box-sizing: border-box; float: left; height: 388.797px; min-height: 1px; width: 620px;" tabindex="-1"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; width: 620px;"><img alt="6月RFA评论2-003.jpeg" height="350" src="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-06272023083341.html/tianhua/66708rfa8bc48bba2-003.jpeg/@@images/5fbc4579-ec70-4cc5-85ac-44f58f9c2fb8.jpeg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" title="6月RFA评论2-003.jpeg" width="620" /><p class="slideshow_caption" style="box-sizing: border-box; caption-side: bottom; font-family: &quot;Merriweather Sans&quot;, sans-serif; font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: 0.2px; line-height: 17px; margin: 12px 0.5em 0.7em 0.1em; width: 620px;">东黄寺碑亭(德国人拍摄于上世纪四十年代)</p></div></div></div><div aria-hidden="true" class="slick-slide" data-slick-index="2" id="slick-slide02" role="tabpanel" style="box-sizing: border-box; float: left; height: 454.797px; min-height: 1px; width: 620px;" tabindex="-1"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; width: 620px;"><img alt="6月RFA评论2-004.jpeg" height="416" src="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-06272023083341.html/tianhua/66708rfa8bc48bba2-004.jpeg/@@images/4bb3a94f-9f78-46f4-b835-5c7f89741288.jpeg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" title="6月RFA评论2-004.jpeg" width="620" /><p class="slideshow_caption" style="box-sizing: border-box; caption-side: bottom; font-family: &quot;Merriweather Sans&quot;, sans-serif; font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: 0.2px; line-height: 17px; margin: 12px 0.5em 0.7em 0.1em; width: 620px;">东黄寺大乘殿(德国人拍摄于上世纪四十年代)</p></div></div></div><div aria-hidden="true" class="slick-slide" data-slick-index="3" id="slick-slide03" role="tabpanel" style="box-sizing: border-box; float: left; height: 491.797px; min-height: 1px; width: 620px;" tabindex="-1"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; width: 620px;"><img alt="6月RFA评论2-005.jpg" height="453" src="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-06272023083341.html/tianhua/66708rfa8bc48bba2-005.jpg/@@images/6127af2b-6263-423f-bfcf-61ef2845e04c.jpeg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" title="6月RFA评论2-005.jpg" width="620" /><p class="slideshow_caption" style="box-sizing: border-box; caption-side: bottom; font-family: &quot;Merriweather Sans&quot;, sans-serif; font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: 0.2px; line-height: 17px; margin: 12px 0.5em 0.7em 0.1em; width: 620px;">东黄寺天王殿天王像(德国人拍摄于上世纪四十年代)</p></div></div></div><div aria-hidden="true" class="slick-slide" data-slick-index="4" id="slick-slide04" role="tabpanel" style="box-sizing: border-box; float: left; height: 515.797px; min-height: 1px; width: 620px;" tabindex="-1"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; width: 620px;"><img alt="6月RFA评论2-006.jpg" height="477" src="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-06272023083341.html/tianhua/66708rfa8bc48bba2-006.jpg/@@images/a41637e8-10e4-4271-8fbb-a98b1bbf604f.jpeg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" title="6月RFA评论2-006.jpg" width="620" /><p class="slideshow_caption" style="box-sizing: border-box; caption-side: bottom; font-family: &quot;Merriweather Sans&quot;, sans-serif; font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: 0.2px; line-height: 17px; margin: 12px 0.5em 0.7em 0.1em; width: 620px;">东黄寺大乘殿内佛像(日本人拍摄于上世纪四十年代)</p></div></div></div><div aria-hidden="true" class="slick-slide" data-slick-index="5" id="slick-slide05" role="tabpanel" style="box-sizing: border-box; float: left; height: 469.797px; min-height: 1px; width: 620px;" tabindex="-1"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; width: 620px;"><img alt="6月RFA评论2-007.jpg" height="431" src="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-06272023083341.html/tianhua/66708rfa8bc48bba2-007.jpg/@@images/2915347e-5bb9-45d7-8c75-7cd74f11fcd0.jpeg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" title="6月RFA评论2-007.jpg" width="620" /><p class="slideshow_caption" style="box-sizing: border-box; caption-side: bottom; font-family: &quot;Merriweather Sans&quot;, sans-serif; font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: 0.2px; line-height: 17px; margin: 12px 0.5em 0.7em 0.1em; width: 620px;">微博截图</p></div></div></div><div aria-hidden="true" class="slick-slide" data-slick-index="6" id="slick-slide06" role="tabpanel" style="box-sizing: border-box; float: left; height: 503.797px; min-height: 1px; width: 620px;" tabindex="-1"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; width: 620px;"><img alt="6月RFA评论2-008.jpeg" height="465" src="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-06272023083341.html/tianhua/66708rfa8bc48bba2-008.jpeg/@@images/1e661cc3-bebc-493c-8bf2-fc4b7e64268f.jpeg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" title="6月RFA评论2-008.jpeg" width="620" /><p class="slideshow_caption" style="box-sizing: border-box; caption-side: bottom; font-family: &quot;Merriweather Sans&quot;, sans-serif; font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: 0.2px; line-height: 17px; margin: 12px 0.5em 0.7em 0.1em; width: 620px;">今日东黄寺已是“总政大院”(友人近日拍摄)</p></div></div></div><div aria-hidden="true" class="slick-slide" data-slick-index="7" id="slick-slide07" role="tabpanel" style="box-sizing: border-box; float: left; height: 503.797px; min-height: 1px; width: 620px;" tabindex="-1"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; width: 620px;"><img alt="6月RFA评论2-009.jpeg" height="465" src="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-06272023083341.html/tianhua/66708rfa8bc48bba2-009.jpeg/@@images/90137472-b9a8-4fb1-a81c-9ee70c7dff70.jpeg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" title="6月RFA评论2-009.jpeg" width="620" /><p class="slideshow_caption" style="box-sizing: border-box; caption-side: bottom; font-family: &quot;Merriweather Sans&quot;, sans-serif; font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: 0.2px; line-height: 17px; margin: 12px 0.5em 0.7em 0.1em; width: 620px;">西黄寺内的“西黄寺博物馆”(友人近日拍摄)</p></div></div></div><div aria-hidden="true" class="slick-slide" data-slick-index="8" id="slick-slide08" role="tabpanel" style="box-sizing: border-box; float: left; height: 503.797px; min-height: 1px; width: 620px;" tabindex="-1"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; width: 620px;"><img alt="6月RFA评论2-010.jpeg" height="465" src="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-06272023083341.html/tianhua/66708rfa8bc48bba2-010.jpeg/@@images/d916f317-1f5d-4ca9-a230-70edf211d8c0.jpeg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" title="6月RFA评论2-010.jpeg" width="620" /><p class="slideshow_caption" style="box-sizing: border-box; caption-side: bottom; font-family: &quot;Merriweather Sans&quot;, sans-serif; font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: 0.2px; line-height: 17px; margin: 12px 0.5em 0.7em 0.1em; width: 620px;">一墙之隔可以望见佛学院的屋顶(友人近日拍摄)</p></div></div></div><div aria-hidden="true" class="slick-slide" data-slick-index="9" id="slick-slide09" role="tabpanel" style="box-sizing: border-box; float: left; height: 865.797px; min-height: 1px; width: 620px;" tabindex="-1"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; width: 620px;"><img alt="6月RFA评论2-011.jpeg" height="827" src="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-06272023083341.html/tianhua/66708rfa8bc48bba2-011.jpeg/@@images/91251b0a-7322-426f-ab26-8846b2be8ff1.jpeg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" title="6月RFA评论2-011.jpeg" width="620" /><p class="slideshow_caption" style="box-sizing: border-box; caption-side: bottom; font-family: &quot;Merriweather Sans&quot;, sans-serif; font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: 0.2px; line-height: 17px; margin: 12px 0.5em 0.7em 0.1em; width: 620px;">西黄寺内乾隆皇帝建的“班禅塔”犹在(友人近日拍摄)</p></div></div></div><div aria-hidden="true" class="slick-slide" data-slick-index="10" id="slick-slide010" role="tabpanel" style="box-sizing: border-box; float: left; height: 503.797px; min-height: 1px; width: 620px;" tabindex="-1"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; width: 620px;"><img alt="6月RFA评论2-012.jpeg" height="465" src="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-06272023083341.html/tianhua/66708rfa8bc48bba2-012.jpeg/@@images/867ec092-75f0-4e2b-a552-162064145596.jpeg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" title="6月RFA评论2-012.jpeg" width="620" /><p class="slideshow_caption" style="box-sizing: border-box; caption-side: bottom; font-family: &quot;Merriweather Sans&quot;, sans-serif; font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: 0.2px; line-height: 17px; margin: 12px 0.5em 0.7em 0.1em; width: 620px;">西黄寺与已为“总政大院”的东黄寺紧邻(友人近日拍摄)</p></div></div></div><div aria-hidden="true" class="slick-slide slick-cloned" data-slick-index="11" style="box-sizing: border-box; float: left; height: 382.797px; min-height: 1px; width: 620px;" tabindex="-1"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; width: 620px;"><img alt="6月RFA评论2-002.jpeg" height="344" src="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-06272023083341.html/tianhua/66708rfa8bc48bba2-002.jpeg/@@images/0aa34e4d-7606-4acc-88ba-4e1a98967cef.jpeg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" title="6月RFA评论2-002.jpeg" width="620" /><p class="slideshow_caption" style="box-sizing: border-box; caption-side: bottom; font-family: &quot;Merriweather Sans&quot;, sans-serif; font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: 0.2px; line-height: 17px; margin: 12px 0.5em 0.7em 0.1em; width: 620px;">东黄寺山门(拍摄于1909年)</p></div></div></div><div aria-hidden="true" class="slick-slide slick-cloned" data-slick-index="12" style="box-sizing: border-box; float: left; height: 388.797px; min-height: 1px; width: 620px;" tabindex="-1"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; width: 620px;"><img alt="6月RFA评论2-003.jpeg" height="350" src="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-06272023083341.html/tianhua/66708rfa8bc48bba2-003.jpeg/@@images/5fbc4579-ec70-4cc5-85ac-44f58f9c2fb8.jpeg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" title="6月RFA评论2-003.jpeg" width="620" /><p class="slideshow_caption" style="box-sizing: border-box; caption-side: bottom; font-family: &quot;Merriweather Sans&quot;, sans-serif; font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: 0.2px; line-height: 17px; margin: 12px 0.5em 0.7em 0.1em; width: 620px;">东黄寺碑亭(德国人拍摄于上世纪四十年代)</p></div></div></div><div aria-hidden="true" class="slick-slide slick-cloned" data-slick-index="13" style="box-sizing: border-box; float: left; height: 454.797px; min-height: 1px; width: 620px;" tabindex="-1"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; width: 620px;"><img alt="6月RFA评论2-004.jpeg" height="416" src="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-06272023083341.html/tianhua/66708rfa8bc48bba2-004.jpeg/@@images/4bb3a94f-9f78-46f4-b835-5c7f89741288.jpeg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" title="6月RFA评论2-004.jpeg" width="620" /><p class="slideshow_caption" style="box-sizing: border-box; caption-side: bottom; font-family: &quot;Merriweather Sans&quot;, sans-serif; font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: 0.2px; line-height: 17px; margin: 12px 0.5em 0.7em 0.1em; width: 620px;">东黄寺大乘殿(德国人拍摄于上世纪四十年代)</p></div></div></div><div aria-hidden="true" class="slick-slide slick-cloned" data-slick-index="14" style="box-sizing: border-box; float: left; height: 491.797px; min-height: 1px; width: 620px;" tabindex="-1"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; width: 620px;"><img alt="6月RFA评论2-005.jpg" height="453" src="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-06272023083341.html/tianhua/66708rfa8bc48bba2-005.jpg/@@images/6127af2b-6263-423f-bfcf-61ef2845e04c.jpeg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" title="6月RFA评论2-005.jpg" width="620" /><p class="slideshow_caption" style="box-sizing: border-box; caption-side: bottom; font-family: &quot;Merriweather Sans&quot;, sans-serif; font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: 0.2px; line-height: 17px; margin: 12px 0.5em 0.7em 0.1em; width: 620px;">东黄寺天王殿天王像(德国人拍摄于上世纪四十年代)</p></div></div></div><div aria-hidden="true" class="slick-slide slick-cloned" data-slick-index="15" style="box-sizing: border-box; float: left; height: 515.797px; min-height: 1px; width: 620px;" tabindex="-1"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; width: 620px;"><img alt="6月RFA评论2-006.jpg" height="477" src="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-06272023083341.html/tianhua/66708rfa8bc48bba2-006.jpg/@@images/a41637e8-10e4-4271-8fbb-a98b1bbf604f.jpeg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" title="6月RFA评论2-006.jpg" width="620" /><p class="slideshow_caption" style="box-sizing: border-box; caption-side: bottom; font-family: &quot;Merriweather Sans&quot;, sans-serif; font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: 0.2px; line-height: 17px; margin: 12px 0.5em 0.7em 0.1em; width: 620px;">东黄寺大乘殿内佛像(日本人拍摄于上世纪四十年代)</p></div></div></div><div aria-hidden="true" class="slick-slide slick-cloned" data-slick-index="16" style="box-sizing: border-box; float: left; height: 469.797px; min-height: 1px; width: 620px;" tabindex="-1"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; width: 620px;"><img alt="6月RFA评论2-007.jpg" height="431" src="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-06272023083341.html/tianhua/66708rfa8bc48bba2-007.jpg/@@images/2915347e-5bb9-45d7-8c75-7cd74f11fcd0.jpeg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" title="6月RFA评论2-007.jpg" width="620" /><p class="slideshow_caption" style="box-sizing: border-box; caption-side: bottom; font-family: &quot;Merriweather Sans&quot;, sans-serif; font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: 0.2px; line-height: 17px; margin: 12px 0.5em 0.7em 0.1em; width: 620px;">微博截图</p></div></div></div><div aria-hidden="true" class="slick-slide slick-cloned" data-slick-index="17" style="box-sizing: border-box; float: left; height: 503.797px; min-height: 1px; width: 620px;" tabindex="-1"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; width: 620px;"><img alt="6月RFA评论2-008.jpeg" height="465" src="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-06272023083341.html/tianhua/66708rfa8bc48bba2-008.jpeg/@@images/1e661cc3-bebc-493c-8bf2-fc4b7e64268f.jpeg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" title="6月RFA评论2-008.jpeg" width="620" /><p class="slideshow_caption" style="box-sizing: border-box; caption-side: bottom; font-family: &quot;Merriweather Sans&quot;, sans-serif; font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: 0.2px; line-height: 17px; margin: 12px 0.5em 0.7em 0.1em; width: 620px;">今日东黄寺已是“总政大院”(友人近日拍摄)</p></div></div></div><div aria-hidden="true" class="slick-slide slick-cloned" data-slick-index="18" style="box-sizing: border-box; float: left; height: 503.797px; min-height: 1px; width: 620px;" tabindex="-1"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; width: 620px;"><img alt="6月RFA评论2-009.jpeg" height="465" src="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-06272023083341.html/tianhua/66708rfa8bc48bba2-009.jpeg/@@images/90137472-b9a8-4fb1-a81c-9ee70c7dff70.jpeg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" title="6月RFA评论2-009.jpeg" width="620" /><p class="slideshow_caption" style="box-sizing: border-box; caption-side: bottom; font-family: &quot;Merriweather Sans&quot;, sans-serif; font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: 0.2px; line-height: 17px; margin: 12px 0.5em 0.7em 0.1em; width: 620px;">西黄寺内的“西黄寺博物馆”(友人近日拍摄)</p></div></div></div><div aria-hidden="true" class="slick-slide slick-cloned" data-slick-index="19" style="box-sizing: border-box; float: left; height: 503.797px; min-height: 1px; width: 620px;" tabindex="-1"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; width: 620px;"><img alt="6月RFA评论2-010.jpeg" height="465" src="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-06272023083341.html/tianhua/66708rfa8bc48bba2-010.jpeg/@@images/d916f317-1f5d-4ca9-a230-70edf211d8c0.jpeg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" title="6月RFA评论2-010.jpeg" width="620" /><p class="slideshow_caption" style="box-sizing: border-box; caption-side: bottom; font-family: &quot;Merriweather Sans&quot;, sans-serif; font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: 0.2px; line-height: 17px; margin: 12px 0.5em 0.7em 0.1em; width: 620px;">一墙之隔可以望见佛学院的屋顶(友人近日拍摄)</p></div></div></div><div aria-hidden="true" class="slick-slide slick-cloned" data-slick-index="20" style="box-sizing: border-box; float: left; height: 865.797px; min-height: 1px; width: 620px;" tabindex="-1"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; width: 620px;"><img alt="6月RFA评论2-011.jpeg" height="827" src="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-06272023083341.html/tianhua/66708rfa8bc48bba2-011.jpeg/@@images/91251b0a-7322-426f-ab26-8846b2be8ff1.jpeg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" title="6月RFA评论2-011.jpeg" width="620" /><p class="slideshow_caption" style="box-sizing: border-box; caption-side: bottom; font-family: &quot;Merriweather Sans&quot;, sans-serif; font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: 0.2px; line-height: 17px; margin: 12px 0.5em 0.7em 0.1em; width: 620px;">西黄寺内乾隆皇帝建的“班禅塔”犹在(友人近日拍摄)</p></div></div></div><div aria-hidden="true" class="slick-slide slick-cloned" data-slick-index="21" style="box-sizing: border-box; float: left; height: 503.797px; min-height: 1px; width: 620px;" tabindex="-1"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; width: 620px;"><img alt="6月RFA评论2-012.jpeg" height="465" src="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-06272023083341.html/tianhua/66708rfa8bc48bba2-012.jpeg/@@images/867ec092-75f0-4e2b-a552-162064145596.jpeg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" title="6月RFA评论2-012.jpeg" width="620" /><p class="slideshow_caption" style="box-sizing: border-box; caption-side: bottom; font-family: &quot;Merriweather Sans&quot;, sans-serif; font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: 0.2px; line-height: 17px; margin: 12px 0.5em 0.7em 0.1em; width: 620px;">西黄寺与已为“总政大院”的东黄寺紧邻(友人近日拍摄)</p></div></div></div></div></div><button aria-label="Next" class="slick-next slick-arrow" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-color: initial; border-radius: 2px; border-style: none; border-width: initial; 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box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span class="result-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">&nbsp;</span></p><h3 style="box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 24px; letter-spacing: 0.05em; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 20px;">15<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">、作为祭坛的雍和宫及黄寺(下)</span></h3><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">&nbsp;</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">Google<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">可以告诉我们更多有关黄寺的信息。比如,最早可以追溯到满清顺治皇帝邀请五世达赖喇嘛来北京会晤,为此在辽金时期创建的一座佛寺的基址上改建葺修了东黄寺,还在西面建了</span>“同垣异构”的西黄寺,格局皆为中土寺院风格,统称黄寺,位于德胜门外的校场北。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">1652<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">年</span>3<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">月,五世达赖喇嘛率三千护卫从拉萨哲蚌寺启程,</span>12<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">月抵达北京并住五个月,东黄寺与</span>西黄寺即是尊者的驻锡之处。其中,西黄寺的住处又被称为“达赖楼”。1780<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">年,六世班禅喇嘛应邀给乾隆皇帝祝寿来北京两个月,正是住在</span>西黄寺的“达赖楼”,应该也是因所谓的“染疫天花”而于此处圆寂,之后乾隆皇帝下诏在西侧立塔纪念,这座清净化城塔俗称“班禅塔”。至光绪皇帝时,十三世达赖喇嘛因英军入侵西藏,先是至蒙古避难,后于1908<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">年</span>9<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">月访问北京,以求援力,两个月后离开北京,</span>也在东、西黄寺都住过,并在西黄寺多次举行法会,受到大批各族佛教徒朝拜,还接见来访的各国使节及政要,也偶尔驻锡雍和宫。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">因这些历史,尤其是出自历代满清皇帝的隆重修建和供奉,以及被迎请至帝都的藏传佛教最高领袖和高僧们的供奉和传法,留下了这样一句老话在北京流传:“东黄寺的殿,西黄寺的塔”,以赞叹建筑的辉煌。而“双黄寺建成后,多次接待来自西藏的高僧大德,加上达赖五世与六世班禅的到来,对早已皈依黄教的蒙、藏民族来说,产生了极大的宗教与政治影响。此后,来京觐见的蒙古贵族以及藏族僧侣,几乎必到双黄寺朝拜,且多住于东黄寺。”【1<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">】</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">岁月更替,到了中共建立的中华人民共和国时期,据维基中文百科写,“1958<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">年,东黄寺</span>全部建筑、西黄寺的达赖喇嘛庙因破败而被拆除”,但没细说是如何“破败”,又是谁拆的、怎么拆的。搜索网络却有新的发现,中国官媒如北京日报、中新网等,一直声称“北京东黄寺…或毀于八国联军入侵”,然而有很多关于东黄寺的老照片却是1906年拍的、1909年拍的、1920年拍的、1922年拍的、1928年拍的;还有1930<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">年代拍的、</span>1940<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">年代拍的</span>……据查,都是当时驻北京的西方外交官及西方摄影师、日本摄影师拍摄的。从照片上清楚可见,东黄寺的一座座佛殿宏大而完整,一尊尊佛像高大而完整,并没有被毁殆尽的迹象啊,而我记得八国联军入侵的旧事明明是1900年发生的,那么问题来了,拆除东黄寺的到底是谁?</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">据推特上的网友介绍,1949<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">年之后,东黄寺归属中央军委,至今仍有总政治部、总参谋部、总装备部等机构在其中。有北京人撰文【</span>2<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">】称,“</span>提到鼓楼、安定门外的黄寺儿,很多人首先想到的不是那喇嘛庙,而是总政大院。全称为‘中国人民解放军总政治部’” 。有文章【3<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">】写:“</span>1949<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">年初北平达成和平解放协定”,中共军队进城并争相“号房子”、占地方、“拆民房”,而黄寺那里,“北京军区包括炮兵包括后勤在内的好几个单位都在那里”,不过</span>1960<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">年北京军区搬出了黄寺,迁至西山盖院,而在黄寺的“营房移交(中央军委)</span>&nbsp;总部”。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">那么东黄寺那些佛殿、碑亭、钟鼓楼等等建筑呢?继续搜索网络,在新浪微博上看到一条附有四张老照片的帖子写:“(图为)1958年被拆的东黄寺大殿及大殿的内部。那么为什么要拆除这座有300多年的具有建筑和艺术价值的古迹呢?搜索度娘(即百度)看到这样的说法:为迎接十年大庆,1958年起修建人民大会堂。由周总理委托画家傅抱石、关山月制作巨幅国画‘江山如此多娇’,并由毛主席题写画名。由于画长7米,完5米,找不到珍贵木材做画框。占据东黄寺的军队高官就向总理进言说,安定门外有座寺庙的梁桂是金丝楠木,留着这些封建迷信宗教愚弄群众,不如拆了为社会主义建设服务。于是,拆除东黄寺找到了名正言顺的理由,黄寺大梁被用来做了大会堂的画框。”<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">【</span>4<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">】据网上留言,不只是大梁做了画框,基本上所有的材料都用在了</span>1958<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">年毛泽东的“十大工程”【</span>5<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">】之一,即建人民大会堂。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">另有说法称,东黄寺被拆除是因为其地理位置,恰在北京的中轴线上或中轴线向北的延线上,从风水上来说堪称相当重要。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">前面引述的文章还写:“北京有句老话:‘东黄寺的殿,西黄寺的塔。’可如今只见西黄寺,东黄寺却没了。……两寺均为喇嘛庙,殿宇重叠,瓦皆黄色,因有黄寺之名。可惜的是,东黄寺终究在历史变动的惊涛骇浪中被湮没了。”【6<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">】 “……</span>之前有人说,东黄寺毁于八国联军,这是不对的。八国联军是破坏了东黄寺,但之后清政府又进行了维修,目前尚存很多东黄寺上世纪三、四十年代的照片,照片表明当时的双黄寺古建保存相当完好。又有人说抗战期间被日本人摧毁,这也不确切,因为日本人在1943<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">年的航摄中有一张‘双黄寺’的照片,显示双黄寺还比较完整,况且日本人向来崇拜中国的传统文化和古建筑。</span>德国摄影师海达·莫理循在上世纪三、四十年代拍摄了许多北京双黄寺的照片,这些照片反映当时的双黄寺大部分建筑保存完好。中国精美的古建筑绝大多数都毁灭在我们自己手里。”【7<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">】</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">更有多篇文章披露在整个中国,“1958年大炼钢铁,铁佛被炼,寺院道场亦被拆毁,夷为平地”“1958<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">年大炼钢铁,大批佛像被作为废铜重加冶炼,至文革中更遭毁灭性劫难”“当年大炼钢铁时代,国内尤其是北方有许多金属质地的佛像被运到重工业基地的沈阳来冶炼”“</span>大炼钢铁时焚毁的佛像价值连城”……并有官方报告宣布:“‘1958年以来共腾出426座寺庙的房屋22000平方米,拨交工厂、机关、学校等单位使用;处理一般金属文物5381件,重约500余吨,支援工业。’这是北京市文物工作队1962年1月23日对‘大跃进’以来北京市文物工作做出的一段总结。”【8<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">】</span>那么东黄寺的那些巨大的金属佛像、无数的金属佛具等等的命运又是怎样?是怎么被“处理”的?也是被拿去“大炼钢铁”了吗?而诸多泥塑、石刻是被推倒砸碎另盖新房了吗?</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">总之,在经历了1958<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">年的社会主义革命的建设之后,东黄寺荡然无存了,成了如今北京人总说起的“黄寺总政大院”。西黄寺“仅剩下清净化城塔及清净化城塔院”,并且在文革中险些被拆。到了“</span>1987<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">年</span>9<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">月</span>1<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">日,</span>中国藏语系高级佛学院在西黄寺的清净化城塔院正式成立,十世班禅亲自担任第一任院长。”而如今,西黄寺还是“现任班禅喇嘛常居地,由中共中央统战部管理。”<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">【</span>9<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">】。另如前面所写,</span>西黄寺还被设为“西黄寺博物馆”,与佛学院一墙之隔,周六周日开馆,提前网上预约订票参观。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">颇有戏剧性的是,在网上,与黄寺一并出现的信息是“黄寺卤煮”,介绍是北京小吃北京老字号,倒是令我顿生兴趣,毕竟我们还是需要美食这类真实的人间烟火的安慰。遗憾的是,攻无不克战无不胜的疫情复燃,我只好取消参访西黄寺及品尝“黄寺卤煮”之行。不过也不必纠结,长期以来处在各种疫情之中,我能接受各种不正常的状况,同时也准备好了去被大救星“解放”后日新月异的雪域高原寻找香巴拉的行装,耐心地等待着可以回家的日子。(全文连载结束)</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">2021<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">年</span>5<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">月至</span>8<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">月,疫情中,写于北京</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">2023<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">年</span>6<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">月修订于拉萨。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">&nbsp;</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">注释:</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">【1<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">】</span>消失的北京东黄寺<a href="https://www.sohu.com/a/552191885_120579888" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0645ad;" target="_blank">https://www.sohu.com/a/552191885_120579888</a></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">【2<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">】黄寺儿,在京城一个充满神秘色彩的地界儿!</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><a href="https://www.visitbeijing.com.cn/article/" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0645ad;" target="_blank">https://www.visitbeijing.com.cn/article/</a></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">【3<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">】</span>大院丨八大处甲1号院:北京军区大院的满满记忆<a href="https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/kVkprCU_KTNTd-YSeIsvgA" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0645ad;" target="_blank">https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/kVkprCU_KTNTd-YSeIsvgA</a></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">【4<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">】新浪微博【看老照片】(</span>2018-5-1<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">)</span><a href="https://weibo.com/1349954040/4235003393270269" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0645ad;" target="_blank">https://weibo.com/1349954040/4235003393270269</a></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">【5<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">】“十大工程”:又称“十大建筑”,据介绍,</span>“1958<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">年,为迎接新中国成立十年,中央决定在北京兴建一批国庆建筑,进一步发挥北京作为首都的政治和文化功能,改变旧城面貌”,包括</span>人民大会堂、中国革命历史博物馆、中国人民革命军事博物馆、全国农业展览馆、北京火车站、工人体育场、民族文化宫、民族饭店、迎宾馆(钓鱼台国宾馆)、华侨大厦(现已拆)。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">【6<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">】同【</span>2<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">】。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">【7<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">】</span>同【1<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">】。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">【8<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">】</span>北京万人人民大会堂是典型的“毛泽东工程”<a href="http://www.mingjinglishi.com/2013/09/blog-post_5437.html" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0645ad;" target="_blank">http://www.mingjinglishi.com/2013/09/blog-post_5437.html</a></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">【9<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">】维基中文百科:西黄寺</span><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E9%BB%83%E5%AF%BA" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0645ad;" target="_blank">https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E9%BB%83%E5%AF%BA</a></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><br /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, FreeSerif, serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px;">(</span><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, FreeSerif, serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.9px;">本文发表于自由亚洲特约评论:</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, FreeSerif, serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.9px;"><a href="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-06272023083341.html">https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-06272023083341.html</a>)</span></span></p></div>Unknown[email protected]0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-101413679960970342.post-15106973422627778522024-03-15T19:26:00.011+08:002024-03-15T19:27:40.097+08:00特约评论 | 唯色:当我们谈论天花时我们在谈论什么(三十五)<div class="separator"><div id="headerimg" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: table; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17px; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; width: 1px;"><img alt="评论 | 唯色:当我们谈论天花时我们在谈论什么(三十五)" height="499" src="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-06162023153823.html/@@images/b458cbc1-983e-4f1a-8be1-22622ddc5504.jpeg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; vertical-align: middle;" title="评论 | 唯色:当我们谈论天花时我们在谈论什么(三十五)" width="619" /><span class="lead_image_caption" face="&quot;Merriweather Sans&quot;, sans-serif" style="box-sizing: border-box; caption-side: bottom; display: block; font-weight: 600; line-height: 17px; margin: 12px 0.5em 0.7em 0.1em; width: 619px;">路透社报道中的图片指刚坚喇嘛 (Lama Gangchen) (前排右二)出席在中国城市无锡举行的第四届世界佛教论坛。</span><div id="zoomattribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; height: auto; margin: 0px; padding-right: 15px; position: relative; text-align: right; top: 0px; vertical-align: middle; width: 619px;"><a data-caption="路透社报道中的图片指刚坚喇嘛 (Lama Gangchen) (前排右二)出席在中国城市无锡举行的第四届世界佛教论坛。" data-fancybox="" href="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-06162023153823.html/@@images/image/social_media" id="single_image" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; box-sizing: border-box; color: black; text-decoration-line: none;" title="路透社报道中的图片指刚坚喇嘛 (Lama Gangchen) (前排右二)出席在中国城市无锡举行的第四届世界佛教论坛。"><img src="https://www.rfa.org/++plone++rfa-resources/img/icon-zoom.png" style="border: none; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; vertical-align: middle;" />&nbsp;</a><span class="copyright" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10px;">REUTERS/Ji Chunpeng/Xinhua</span></div></div></div><p><br /></p><div class="clear" style="box-sizing: border-box; clear: both;"></div><div id="storytext" style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px;"><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">15、作为祭坛的雍和宫及黄寺(下)</strong></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">"世界依然是一个蛮荒之地",一个经历了新冠疫情的意大利作家,在名为《新冠时代的我们》一书中这样说【1】。是的,1780年的世界正是一个蛮荒之地,吞噬了42岁的六世班禅喇嘛,当我凝视着乾隆时塑的六世班禅喇嘛像,不禁心疼这个外貌"肉多骨少,无清明英俊之气",但"语响殿宇,如呼瓮中"的雪域藏人(出自朝鲜使团那个文人的记录),就那么充满悬疑地,被一场莫名其妙的所谓天花瘟疫夺去了生命,就在富饶、陌异而深不可测的帝国首都北京。</p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">是的,2021年的世界依然是一个蛮荒之地,消灭了不计其数的芸芸众生。对于病毒(不止一种)而言,过去、现在和将来没有什么不同。在病毒面前,正可谓《天国之花》一书中引述的这句话:“好人和坏人都在毫无差别地死去。”</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">例证之一:曾被路透社于2015年12月21日的深度报道【2】中披露“在中国享有重要人物的待遇”,多年来“在中国政府和统战部的活动中都能看到其踪影”的刚坚喇嘛,原为日喀则一座附属于扎什伦布寺的小寺院的喇嘛,1963年因西藏所发生的世事反转而流亡印度,后定居意大利,却渐渐地成了“中国的常客,他在中国和高层领袖会面,并且在政府批准的宗教聚会得到招待。”至于他为何能享有如此特殊待遇?说起来是一个复杂的、漫长的、暗黑的故事,简言之,正如路透社报道引述受访者的话:“刚坚是雄登运动的强人,他是共产党和中国当局最坚定的支持者。”而所谓的“雄登运动”,原本只是一个与鬼神即“雄登”信仰相关但并不难解决的宗教问题,却因强权的介入和操作而变成了充满各种阴谋的政治问题,不过这里放下不表,且说刚坚这样一个不依佛法却依鬼神并挟强权之威的风头人物,竟突然于2020年4月18日在意大利被新冠病毒杀死了。</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">对于他的疫亡,藏人社会一片欢呼。新浪微博上有个幽默的隐喻评论:“戴了一辈子铁冠,死前换了个新冠。”铁冠指刚坚所奉鬼神的帽子。</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">本来还有一个地方我也应该去的:黄寺,又称黄庙、西黄寺,是六世班禅喇嘛的意外圆寂之地,更是帝国皇帝的另一个惊心动魄的剧场,确切地说是帝国的祭坛,帝国的刑场——曾经康熙皇帝在这里以凌迟的酷刑,处死了帮助过噶尔丹汗王的一位蒙古大喇嘛【3】。又有文章指当时凌迟的不是一个人,而是三个人:“</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">……在征服准噶尔叛乱以后,康熙令准噶尔部交出参与叛乱的伊拉古克三喇嘛,并‘集诸王以下蒙古王、文武大臣、官员、刺嘛等于黄寺’,将其凌迟处死,以儆效尤。</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">”【4】这也实在是太血腥,尤其是在戒杀生的佛寺如是为之,可见自称佛徒的皇帝有多么凶狠。</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p><figure class="image-richtext image-inline captioned" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; display: table; float: none; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; height: auto; letter-spacing: 0.9px; margin: 10px 15px 0px 0px; max-width: 100%; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-top: 15px; width: 1352px;"><img alt="西黄寺既是中国藏语系高级佛学院所在地,如今还是博物馆。(图片来自网络)" height="976" src="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-06162023153823.html/66708rfa72797ea68bc48bba002.jpg/@@images/be5151fa-20cd-4de1-804e-ed602e442312.jpeg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; max-width: 620px; vertical-align: middle;" title="6月RFA特约评论002.jpg" width="1352" /><figcaption class="image-caption" style="box-sizing: border-box; caption-side: bottom; font-family: &quot;Merriweather Sans&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 17px; margin: 7px 0.5em 0.7em 0.1em; max-width: 620px;">西黄寺既是中国藏语系高级佛学院所在地,如今还是博物馆。(图片来自网络)</figcaption><small style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10px;"></small><div id="zoomattribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; height: auto; margin: 0px; padding-right: 15px; position: relative; text-align: right; top: 0px; vertical-align: middle; width: 1352px;"><a data-caption="西黄寺既是中国藏语系高级佛学院所在地,如今还是博物馆。(图片来自网络)" data-fancybox="" href="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-06162023153823.html/66708rfa72797ea68bc48bba002.jpg" id="single_image" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0645ad;" target="_blank" title="西黄寺既是中国藏语系高级佛学院所在地,如今还是博物馆。(图片来自网络)"><img src="https://www.rfa.org/++plone++rfa-resources/img/icon-zoom.png" style="border: none; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; max-width: 620px; vertical-align: middle;" /></a></div></figure><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">我寄寓北京多年,只在很早的时候去过一次西黄寺,但没能进去。作为已是中共中央统战部管理的中国藏语系高级佛学院所在地,此处通常不允许外人或无关俗人打扰。那次我在黄寺门口的接待室等候一位活佛,那是一个曾经相识但早因异见而决裂,比俗人更俗不可耐的混世骗子,且如今满脸横肉,双目充满追逐世俗名利的欲望变得通红,显然相由心生。我至今记得当时从窗口望去,那看不清楚的里面不像寺院,更像是某个党政机关大院,一遍遍地传出无声的警告:“闲人不得入内”。</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">我试着在网上搜索了相关信息,才知西黄寺如今已对外开放,称作“西黄寺博物馆”,不过仅在周六周日开馆,其余五日是从各藏地寺院选送的仁波切和僧人接受“爱国主义教育”的时间。那么他们会学习什么样的课程呢?会不会需要以臣服的姿态,认真地倾听党员干部讲述六世班禅喇嘛“为了国家的统一和民族团结的大业,主动请求进京参加乾隆皇帝七十大寿庆典”,不幸感染天花瘟疫而悲壮牺牲的爱国故事?</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><figure class="image-richtext image-inline captioned" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; display: table; float: none; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; height: auto; letter-spacing: 0.9px; margin: 10px 15px 0px 0px; max-width: 100%; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-top: 15px; width: 898px;"><img alt="西黄寺博物馆对西黄寺的介绍(图片来自网络)" height="1162" src="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-06162023153823.html/66708rfa72797ea68bc48bba003.jpg/@@images/f9a57a75-1506-4cc1-8e0d-38edc75c7593.jpeg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; max-width: 620px; vertical-align: middle;" title="6月RFA特约评论003.jpg" width="898" /><figcaption class="image-caption" style="box-sizing: border-box; caption-side: bottom; font-family: &quot;Merriweather Sans&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 17px; margin: 7px 0.5em 0.7em 0.1em; max-width: 620px;">西黄寺博物馆对西黄寺的介绍(图片来自网络)</figcaption><small style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10px;"></small><div id="zoomattribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; height: auto; margin: 0px; padding-right: 15px; position: relative; text-align: right; top: 0px; vertical-align: middle; width: 898px;"><a data-caption="西黄寺博物馆对西黄寺的介绍(图片来自网络)" data-fancybox="" href="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-06162023153823.html/66708rfa72797ea68bc48bba003.jpg" id="single_image" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0645ad;" target="_blank" title="西黄寺博物馆对西黄寺的介绍(图片来自网络)"><img src="https://www.rfa.org/++plone++rfa-resources/img/icon-zoom.png" style="border: none; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; max-width: 620px; vertical-align: middle;" /></a></div></figure><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">注释:</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">【1】《新冠时代的我们》,(意)保罗·乔尔达诺著,魏怡译,上海译文出版社,2021年。</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">【2】</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">China co-opts a Buddhist sect in global effort to smear Dalai Lama</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">https://www.reuters.com/investigates/special-report/china-dalailama/</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">【3】《中国皇帝康熙自画像》,(美)史景迁著,吴根友译,上海远东出版社,2005年,64页。</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">【4】</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">以儒为主,道佛辅助 ——康熙帝处理三教关系的经验http://www.zgscph.org/html/2020/symq_0521/1276.html</span></p><div><span face="&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.05em;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, FreeSerif, serif; letter-spacing: 0.2px;">(</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, FreeSerif, serif; letter-spacing: 0.9px;">本文发表于自由亚洲特约评论:</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, FreeSerif, serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.9px;"><a href="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-06162023153823.html">https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-06162023153823.html</a>)</span></span></div></div>Unknown[email protected]0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-101413679960970342.post-53235803390141114462024-03-15T19:25:00.005+08:002024-03-15T19:25:21.098+08:00特约评论 | 唯色:当我们谈论天花时我们在谈论什么(三十四)<div class="separator"><div id="headerimg" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: table; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17px; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; width: 1px;"><img alt="评论 | 唯色:当我们谈论天花时我们在谈论什么(三十四)" height="423" src="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-04122023105421.html/@@images/581b7235-aba8-4625-83d5-de3939c97055.jpeg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; vertical-align: middle;" title="评论 | 唯色:当我们谈论天花时我们在谈论什么(三十四)" width="620" /><span class="lead_image_caption" style="box-sizing: border-box; caption-side: bottom; display: block; font-family: &quot;Merriweather Sans&quot;, sans-serif; font-weight: 600; line-height: 17px; margin: 12px 0.5em 0.7em 0.1em; width: 620px;">左图:今年2月又去雍和宫,这是《御制喇嘛说》一碑四文的藏文面。右图:雍和宫大殿内左边的空法座,原立的“达赖喇嘛讲经宝座”小牌子现已无。</span><div id="zoomattribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; height: auto; margin: 0px; padding-right: 15px; position: relative; text-align: right; top: 0px; vertical-align: middle; width: 620px;"><a data-caption="左图:今年2月又去雍和宫,这是《御制喇嘛说》一碑四文的藏文面。右图:雍和宫大殿内左边的空法座,原立的“达赖喇嘛讲经宝座”小牌子现已无。" data-fancybox="" href="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-04122023105421.html/@@images/image/social_media" id="single_image" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; box-sizing: border-box; color: black; text-decoration-line: none;" title="左图:今年2月又去雍和宫,这是《御制喇嘛说》一碑四文的藏文面。右图:雍和宫大殿内左边的空法座,原立的“达赖喇嘛讲经宝座”小牌子现已无。"><img src="https://www.rfa.org/++plone++rfa-resources/img/icon-zoom.png" style="border: none; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; vertical-align: middle;" />&nbsp;</a><span class="copyright" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10px;">唯色拍摄</span></div></div></div><p>&nbsp;</p><div class="clear" style="box-sizing: border-box; clear: both;"></div><div id="storytext" style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px;"><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">作为祭坛的雍和宫及黄寺(中)</strong></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">2021<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">年</span>7<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">月的一天,北京闷热,我从</span>5<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">号线地铁口出来,天正下着小雨。走进我熟悉的雍和宫,游人与信众都不多,但都口罩遮脸似已成习俗。戴着口罩上香,戴着口罩磕头,戴着口罩祈祷……诸佛菩萨了然这一切。在细雨绵绵中,在没有挂牌注明的,且将栅栏上了锁的碑亭外,我竭力地辨认着出自于乾隆皇帝的《御制喇嘛说》石碑:汉文和藏文的两面比较明显,满文和蒙文的两面已经模糊,难道是当时刻字的力度不够?还是说岁月对某些文字更苛刻?但即便清晰,看碑文也是辛苦的事,而且只能看很少的部分,并不可能从上看到下,还不如看</span>Google<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">上的介绍,不过我还是尽量地,从各个角度用手机拍了照。其实我多次来过雍和宫,而以前都为朝佛,每次都忽略了事实上在历史上有着重要性,甚至影响至今的这块石碑,确切地说,是这块刻着四种文字且表述也很巧妙地有所不同的石碑,皇帝心深如海啊。</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">拍完了“喇嘛说”之碑,就可以履行一个佛教徒的功课了。在端坐着金碧辉煌的宗喀巴大师塑像的大殿,塑像两侧各有一个不易人注意的空法座:皆为木质所造,敷以明黄为底并绘吉祥图案,左边法座前的小桌上搁置的小牌写着“达赖喇嘛讲经宝座”,右边法座前的小桌上搁置的小牌写着“班禅大师讲经宝座”。于是我眼前闪现往昔的景象:十三世达赖喇嘛和十四世达赖喇嘛,以及班禅喇嘛传承中的六世、九世、十世,都曾跏趺而坐于此……惆怅的感觉升起,使我仰头欲叹口气,却看见高高的穹顶布满美丽的佛画,其中最大的一幅就像壁画高悬于天界格外明亮,在周遭大面积的暗影中,佛陀的形象如天界光芒,呈现了一个具有永恒价值的理想世界,仅仅一瞥就能安抚在俗世中受苦不安的心。</p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><figure class="image-richtext image-inline captioned" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; display: table; float: none; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; height: auto; letter-spacing: 0.9px; margin: 10px 15px 0px 0px; max-width: 100%; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-top: 15px; width: 1500px;"><img alt="左图:雍和宫大殿内右边的空法座,原立的“班禅大师讲经宝座”小牌子现已无。右图:雍和宫里的佛殿穹顶。(唯色拍摄)" height="1024" src="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-04122023105421.html/46708rfa8bc48bba1-034.jpg/@@images/8cba531d-a0f2-4c3b-97e4-ab061af74404.jpeg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; max-width: 620px; vertical-align: middle;" title="4月RFA评论1-034.jpg" width="1500" /><figcaption class="image-caption" style="box-sizing: border-box; caption-side: bottom; font-family: &quot;Merriweather Sans&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 17px; margin: 7px 0.5em 0.7em 0.1em; max-width: 620px;">左图:雍和宫大殿内右边的空法座,原立的“班禅大师讲经宝座”小牌子现已无。右图:雍和宫里的佛殿穹顶。(唯色拍摄)</figcaption><small style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10px;"></small><div id="zoomattribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; height: auto; margin: 0px; padding-right: 15px; position: relative; text-align: right; top: 0px; vertical-align: middle; width: 1500px;"><a data-caption="左图:雍和宫大殿内右边的空法座,原立的“班禅大师讲经宝座”小牌子现已无。右图:雍和宫里的佛殿穹顶。(唯色拍摄)" data-fancybox="" href="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-04122023105421.html/46708rfa8bc48bba1-034.jpg" id="single_image" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0645ad;" target="_blank" title="左图:雍和宫大殿内右边的空法座,原立的“班禅大师讲经宝座”小牌子现已无。右图:雍和宫里的佛殿穹顶。(唯色拍摄)"><img src="https://www.rfa.org/++plone++rfa-resources/img/icon-zoom.png" style="border: none; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; max-width: 620px; vertical-align: middle;" /></a></div></figure><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">位于最后面的万佛阁正在维修,主供的正是我每次来雍和宫都会祈祝最多的旃檀强巴未来佛像,是七世达赖喇嘛所赠的印度白檀巨木所雕,有“七丈金容”的形容,据说非常灵验。与万佛阁相对的东西两侧各有一幢传统中式建筑,取名“班禅楼”和“戒台楼”,都是所谓的文物陈列室,常年来总是有展览。这回我在“班禅楼”看见了想看见的:一个是六世班禅塑像,银鎏金,尺寸不大,乾隆时塑。细细地看,或可能真的酷似他生前容貌。细长的双目下有斑驳的锈迹,像泪水长流,令人哀伤。我意识到,无论他是不是死于天花即“拉仲”,总之从图伯特故土走到帝国之都的他,无可幸免地死于某个疫病,恰与政治相关。不是死于天花就是死于政治,都是致人死命的疫情,我默默合十,向两百四十一年前的这位献祭者表达了怀念。</p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">离这尊状似饮泣的塑像不远,在靠墙的玻璃展柜里有一个庞大的半个嘎乌盒,由于非常惊讶,我忘记细看说明了,可能是纯金,镶有多枚绿松石,雕刻的花纹繁复,最关键是,展出并非因为制作精美,而是为了将盒子里绘的画,投影在下面的镜子里,映出的竟是扮仁波切的乾隆像:穿黄红相间的袈裟,戴黄色法帽,手持法轮坐在法台上,周围是藏传本尊、汉地龙女等等簇拥着。乾隆这是什么意思?他在想什么呢?做一个庞大帝国的皇帝不满足吗?还想做统御三界的君王吗?</p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><figure class="image-richtext image-inline captioned" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; display: table; float: none; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; height: auto; letter-spacing: 0.9px; margin: 10px 15px 0px 0px; max-width: 100%; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-top: 15px; width: 933px;"><img alt="雍和宫“班禅楼”里展出的六世班禅喇嘛塑像。(唯色拍摄)" height="768" src="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-04122023105421.html/46708rfa8bc48bba1-05.jpg/@@images/6cf67954-0d7a-4bb3-bd1e-971c75de47a6.jpeg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; max-width: 620px; vertical-align: middle;" title="4月RFA评论1-05.jpg" width="933" /><figcaption class="image-caption" style="box-sizing: border-box; caption-side: bottom; font-family: &quot;Merriweather Sans&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 17px; margin: 7px 0.5em 0.7em 0.1em; max-width: 620px;">雍和宫“班禅楼”里展出的六世班禅喇嘛塑像。(唯色拍摄)</figcaption><small style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10px;"></small><div id="zoomattribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; height: auto; margin: 0px; padding-right: 15px; position: relative; text-align: right; top: 0px; vertical-align: middle; width: 933px;"><a data-caption="雍和宫“班禅楼”里展出的六世班禅喇嘛塑像。(唯色拍摄)" data-fancybox="" href="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-04122023105421.html/46708rfa8bc48bba1-05.jpg" id="single_image" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0645ad;" target="_blank" title="雍和宫“班禅楼”里展出的六世班禅喇嘛塑像。(唯色拍摄)"><img src="https://www.rfa.org/++plone++rfa-resources/img/icon-zoom.png" style="border: none; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; max-width: 620px; vertical-align: middle;" /></a></div></figure><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><figure class="image-richtext image-inline captioned" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; display: table; float: none; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; height: auto; letter-spacing: 0.9px; margin: 10px 15px 0px 0px; max-width: 100%; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-top: 15px; width: 767px;"><img alt="雍和宫“班禅楼”里展出的乾隆皇帝金嘎乌。(唯色拍摄)" height="1024" src="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-04122023105421.html/46708rfa8bc48bba1-06.jpg/@@images/2cf0beb9-4dab-480b-acc3-8a3cbdf88066.jpeg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; max-width: 620px; vertical-align: middle;" title="4月RFA评论1-06.jpg" width="767" /><figcaption class="image-caption" style="box-sizing: border-box; caption-side: bottom; font-family: &quot;Merriweather Sans&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 17px; margin: 7px 0.5em 0.7em 0.1em; max-width: 620px;">雍和宫“班禅楼”里展出的乾隆皇帝金嘎乌。(唯色拍摄)</figcaption><small style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10px;"></small><div id="zoomattribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; height: auto; margin: 0px; padding-right: 15px; position: relative; text-align: right; top: 0px; vertical-align: middle; width: 767px;"><a data-caption="雍和宫“班禅楼”里展出的乾隆皇帝金嘎乌。(唯色拍摄)" data-fancybox="" href="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-04122023105421.html/46708rfa8bc48bba1-06.jpg" id="single_image" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0645ad;" target="_blank" title="雍和宫“班禅楼”里展出的乾隆皇帝金嘎乌。(唯色拍摄)"><img src="https://www.rfa.org/++plone++rfa-resources/img/icon-zoom.png" style="border: none; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; max-width: 620px; vertical-align: middle;" /></a></div></figure><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">贪心不足蛇吞象啊。结果又怎么样了呢?满清帝国并未万万岁,乾隆皇帝的子孙后代今何在?一切都分崩离析了,一切都丧失殆尽了,包括江山、血统、语言及“满洲旧制”,而他这个高仿版菩萨又为他的满清帝国守住了什么?护佑了什么?甚至于他的无比奢华与精美的陵墓,在他死后一百二十九年的炎炎夏日,被汉人军阀盗掘,遭剖棺戮尸,遗骸乱扔,这可是中国古代酷刑之最,比枭首示众更具难以比拟的侮辱性。</p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">这里插段话:满清近三百年,实际上汉人的民族主义一直存在,只是先抑后扬。随着满清精英即八旗子弟的同化和堕落,皇帝们不得不依赖汉人将相,连入藏的办事大臣安班(今称驻藏大臣)也在后期有了汉人担任。至满清后期,汉人民族主义情绪在世界潮流的影响下更是水涨船高,汉人知识分子创造“中华民族”概念,汉人军阀枭雄更是杀气腾腾,事实上满洲气数已尽,世事盛极必衰即是如此。</p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">究竟乾隆皇帝为何要将自己的画像做成“嘎乌”呢?难道是真的相信他自己具有菩萨一般的神力吗?我被那枚“乾隆嘎乌”深深吸引,往前凑近想看得更仔细,镜子里却好像是映出了自己的模糊影子,一种油然而生的荒诞感使我领悟到:虽然我或今天的我们,与两百多年前的乾隆皇帝、六世班禅喇嘛有着世代之隔、生死之隔,但从某种意义上来说却是息息相关的,根本上我们的命运是一样的,比如我们都是传染病毒的受害者,我们都是传染病毒的携带者,我们都是传染病毒的无症状感染者。我指的是人类,众生,于六道轮回之中周而复始,不胜其苦。</p><div><span style="background-color: white; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, FreeSerif, serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px;">(</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, FreeSerif, serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.9px;">本文发表于自由亚洲特约评论:</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, FreeSerif, serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.9px;"><a href="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-04122023105421.html">https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-04122023105421.html</a>)</span></span></div></div>Unknown[email protected]0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-101413679960970342.post-78253875638021836042024-03-15T19:23:00.005+08:002024-03-15T19:23:20.738+08:00特约评论 | 唯色:当我们谈论天花时我们在谈论什么(三十三)<div class="separator"><div id="headerimg" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; display: table; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17px; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; width: 1px;"><img alt="评论 | 唯色:当我们谈论天花时我们在谈论什么(三十三)" height="464" src="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-03282023163609.html/@@images/6d9122d4-e005-4bdc-ae37-60b7d57f069c.jpeg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; vertical-align: middle;" title="评论 | 唯色:当我们谈论天花时我们在谈论什么(三十三)" width="620" /><span class="lead_image_caption" style="box-sizing: border-box; caption-side: bottom; display: block; font-family: &quot;Merriweather Sans&quot;, sans-serif; font-weight: 600; line-height: 17px; margin: 12px 0.5em 0.7em 0.1em; width: 620px;">去雍和宫"考察"石碑《御制喇嘛说》,正值下雨。</span><div id="zoomattribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; height: auto; margin: 0px; padding-right: 15px; position: relative; text-align: right; top: 0px; vertical-align: middle; width: 620px;"><a data-caption="去雍和宫&quot;考察&quot;石碑《御制喇嘛说》,正值下雨。" data-fancybox="" href="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-03282023163609.html/@@images/image/social_media" id="single_image" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: black; text-decoration-line: none;" title="去雍和宫&quot;考察&quot;石碑《御制喇嘛说》,正值下雨。"><img src="https://www.rfa.org/++plone++rfa-resources/img/icon-zoom.png" style="border: none; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; vertical-align: middle;" />&nbsp;</a><span class="copyright" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10px;">唯色拍摄</span></div></div></div><p>&nbsp;</p><br /><div class="clear" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"></div><div id="storytext" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">15、作为祭坛的雍和宫及黄寺(上)</strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">得知新冠疫情在中国多个地方复燃,"疫情形势非常严峻",正值我特意坐地铁去雍和宫"考察"那块刻着《御制喇嘛说》的石碑,是2021年七月的一天,下着小雨。记得多年前第二次去雍和宫,我既怀着虔诚朝拜的心态,但也感受到了一种牵引之力,为此在日记里写下这样的文字:</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">……我把一把香插在几无缝隙的大鼎之后,把那些换了面相的佛像印入脑海之前,发现自己正好跪在叫做蒲团的垫子上。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">“这尊佛像,嘉瓦强巴,它也与大昭寺的觉沃佛一样至高无上。”同行的族人低声说道。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><figure class="image-richtext image-inline captioned" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: table; float: none; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; height: auto; letter-spacing: 0.05em; margin: 10px 15px 0px 0px; max-width: 100%; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-top: 15px; width: 3024px;"><img alt="雍和宫的镇寺之宝——旃檀强巴佛像(唯色拍摄)" height="3780" src="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-03282023163609.html/36708rfa8bc48bba2-03.jpeg/@@images/e387f2ad-9a13-4dda-9f91-206fd2ca15c8.jpeg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; max-width: 620px; vertical-align: middle;" title="3月RFA评论2-03.jpeg" width="3024" /><figcaption class="image-caption" style="box-sizing: border-box; caption-side: bottom; font-family: &quot;Merriweather Sans&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 17px; margin: 7px 0.5em 0.7em 0.1em; max-width: 620px;">雍和宫的镇寺之宝——旃檀强巴佛像(唯色拍摄)</figcaption><small style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10px;"></small><div id="zoomattribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; height: auto; margin: 0px; padding-right: 15px; position: relative; text-align: right; top: 0px; vertical-align: middle; width: 3024px;"><a data-caption="雍和宫的镇寺之宝——旃檀强巴佛像(唯色拍摄)" data-fancybox="" href="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-03282023163609.html/36708rfa8bc48bba2-03.jpeg" id="single_image" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0645ad;" target="_blank" title="雍和宫的镇寺之宝——旃檀强巴佛像(唯色拍摄)"><img src="https://www.rfa.org/++plone++rfa-resources/img/icon-zoom.png" style="border: none; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; max-width: 620px; vertical-align: middle;" /></a></div></figure><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">嘉瓦强巴是藏人对未来弥勒佛的尊称。我抬首仰望,看见一尊非常高的金色佛像惊人地美丽,正是七世达赖喇嘛赠予乾隆皇帝的印度白檀巨木,蒙古五世察罕仁波切负责塑造的。而觉沃佛,谁都知道那一如太阳,千年来照耀着藏地众生的佛陀十二岁等身像是何等珍贵,无数信徒正是为了一睹其尊容,从偏远的各地一步一个等身长头来到拉萨,来到大昭寺,即便是死在路上也心满意足,视为解脱。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><figure class="image-richtext image-inline captioned" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: table; float: none; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; height: auto; letter-spacing: 0.05em; margin: 10px 15px 0px 0px; max-width: 100%; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-top: 15px; width: 4032px;"><img alt="乾隆皇帝撰文的《御制喇嘛说》,以满汉蒙藏四种文字刻碑立于雍和宫。(唯色拍摄)" height="3024" src="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-03282023163609.html/36708rfa8bc48bba2-02.jpeg/@@images/e0fb9ed1-a5a5-49e3-9192-ced1d0bc2a06.jpeg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; max-width: 620px; vertical-align: middle;" title="3月RFA评论2-02.jpeg" width="4032" /><figcaption class="image-caption" style="box-sizing: border-box; caption-side: bottom; font-family: &quot;Merriweather Sans&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 17px; margin: 7px 0.5em 0.7em 0.1em; max-width: 620px;">乾隆皇帝撰文的《御制喇嘛说》,以满汉蒙藏四种文字刻碑立于雍和宫。(唯色拍摄)</figcaption><small style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10px;"></small><div id="zoomattribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; height: auto; margin: 0px; padding-right: 15px; position: relative; text-align: right; top: 0px; vertical-align: middle; width: 4032px;"><a data-caption="乾隆皇帝撰文的《御制喇嘛说》,以满汉蒙藏四种文字刻碑立于雍和宫。(唯色拍摄)" data-fancybox="" href="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-03282023163609.html/36708rfa8bc48bba2-02.jpeg" id="single_image" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0645ad;" target="_blank" title="乾隆皇帝撰文的《御制喇嘛说》,以满汉蒙藏四种文字刻碑立于雍和宫。(唯色拍摄)"><img src="https://www.rfa.org/++plone++rfa-resources/img/icon-zoom.png" style="border: none; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; max-width: 620px; vertical-align: middle;" /></a></div></figure><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">山不在高,有仙则灵。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">雍和宫不在是否像寺院,有旃檀佛像则神圣。——当然这是从宗教的意义上来说的。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">然而它还有除了宗教之外的东西。所以,它叫宫,而不叫寺。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">一位年轻僧人上前,双手合十,向一位据称是活佛却未穿袈裟的中年男子微微躬身,轻声说了几句汉语,返身开启罩在旃檀佛像跟前一尊立佛的玻璃,将在场所有人的供养一一奉上。我的供养是一条从拉萨带来的,在觉沃佛前领受过加持的洁白哈达。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">那年轻僧人,不用问,准是蒙古人。我想起几年前,第一次在雍和宫见到的也是来自蒙古的僧人,只是比较苍老,一见我拜佛的样子就知我是藏人,与我交谈了几句。他的藏语讲得很好,提及年轻时朝拜过拉萨的诸多寺院,眼里充满怀念。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><figure class="image-richtext image-inline captioned" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: table; float: none; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; height: auto; letter-spacing: 0.05em; margin: 10px 15px 0px 0px; max-width: 100%; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-top: 15px; width: 4004px;"><img alt="雍和宫里的蒙古族僧人(唯色拍摄)" height="3003" src="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-03282023163609.html/36708rfa8bc48bba2-05.jpeg/@@images/a3a144be-96be-4cb6-9e88-3edb4debeefe.jpeg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; max-width: 620px; vertical-align: middle;" title="3月RFA评论2-05.jpeg" width="4004" /><figcaption class="image-caption" style="box-sizing: border-box; caption-side: bottom; font-family: &quot;Merriweather Sans&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 17px; margin: 7px 0.5em 0.7em 0.1em; max-width: 620px;">雍和宫里的蒙古族僧人(唯色拍摄)</figcaption><small style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10px;"></small><div id="zoomattribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; height: auto; margin: 0px; padding-right: 15px; position: relative; text-align: right; top: 0px; vertical-align: middle; width: 4004px;"><a data-caption="雍和宫里的蒙古族僧人(唯色拍摄)" data-fancybox="" href="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-03282023163609.html/36708rfa8bc48bba2-05.jpeg" id="single_image" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0645ad;" target="_blank" title="雍和宫里的蒙古族僧人(唯色拍摄)"><img src="https://www.rfa.org/++plone++rfa-resources/img/icon-zoom.png" style="border: none; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; max-width: 620px; vertical-align: middle;" /></a></div></figure><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">雍和宫,总是让人觉得似曾相识,细细打量却又相去甚远,但在近代历史上,在一些具有特殊意义的场合上,它总是与西藏紧紧地连在一起。它像什么呢?西藏的一个显要的远房亲戚吗?</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">它向来被看作是北京城中最大的藏传佛教的寺院。这与几百年前的清王朝有关。首先肯定是政治的原因。刚刚入关的满人将整个中原大地置于掌中,肯定有难以一握的感觉。只有抓住那曾经也一统江山的蒙古人的势力,一并摆出龙啸虎吟的声势,方能压住阵脚,坐稳天下。可一样出自游牧部落、一样野性十足的蒙古人怎么可能如此听话!幸而蒙古人早就受到西藏喇嘛的感召,几乎全部皈依了佛教。深谋远虑的大清皇帝开始大力扶持藏传佛教,尤其在顺治和乾隆两个时期达到鼎峰。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">当五世达赖喇嘛阿旺·洛桑嘉措应邀到北京,顺治皇帝以平等之礼相待,并沿袭蒙古俺答汗与三世达赖喇嘛会面时相互赠予尊号的方式,再次颂扬并美誉达赖喇嘛之法名,皇帝则被视为文殊菩萨的化身。同时,为表向佛之心,顺治皇帝专门为五世达赖喇嘛建黄寺。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">百余年后,当六世班禅喇嘛洛桑·巴丹益喜应邀到北京,乾隆皇帝同样以大礼相迎,并为此提前学习藏语,专门在承德修建与扎什伦布寺相似的须弥福寿庙,而这时,将原为亲王府邸的雍和宫,改成了供奉并修持藏传佛教金刚乘的佛殿,还特设一殿为六世班禅休息之处。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><figure class="image-richtext image-inline captioned" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: table; float: none; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; height: auto; letter-spacing: 0.05em; margin: 10px 15px 0px 0px; max-width: 100%; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-top: 15px; width: 2968px;"><img alt="雍和宫里的佛殿穹顶(唯色拍摄)" height="3958" src="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-03282023163609.html/36708rfa8bc48bba2-04.jpeg/@@images/52305fbc-a581-4522-81fb-521e57337cf6.jpeg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; max-width: 620px; vertical-align: middle;" title="3月RFA评论2-04.jpeg" width="2968" /><figcaption class="image-caption" style="box-sizing: border-box; caption-side: bottom; font-family: &quot;Merriweather Sans&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 17px; margin: 7px 0.5em 0.7em 0.1em; max-width: 620px;">雍和宫里的佛殿穹顶(唯色拍摄)</figcaption><small style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10px;"></small><div id="zoomattribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; height: auto; margin: 0px; padding-right: 15px; position: relative; text-align: right; top: 0px; vertical-align: middle; width: 2968px;"><a data-caption="雍和宫里的佛殿穹顶(唯色拍摄)" data-fancybox="" href="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-03282023163609.html/36708rfa8bc48bba2-04.jpeg" id="single_image" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0645ad;" target="_blank" title="雍和宫里的佛殿穹顶(唯色拍摄)"><img src="https://www.rfa.org/++plone++rfa-resources/img/icon-zoom.png" style="border: none; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; max-width: 620px; vertical-align: middle;" /></a></div></figure><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">再往后,雍和宫就像那皇城里的众人说的那样,渐渐地是一座“喇嘛庙”了。不但用藏音诵经的僧人多起来了,还定期举行各种密宗法事,尤以名为“羌姆”的金刚法舞颇具盛名,常常引来几乎半城的人观看。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">不过,那“喇嘛庙”里的喇嘛总是蒙古人更多些。也许有人会说,可能是因为蒙古离京城近些,不像西藏,那时候一走就得好几个月;再说,西藏人的体质不比蒙古人更适应这里。也许是这样的。也许吧。可是我的思路总会不由自主地走到以前去,一走到以前就能看见,那一开始就被政治拴在一块儿的藏人和蒙古人,或者说,西藏和蒙古的喇嘛。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">但无论如何,雍和宫还是神圣的,因为它有旃檀佛像。有时候,仅仅一尊佛像就足以说明一切。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">重读当年所写,让我有些异样的感觉:既为当初萌发的某种直觉和认识,也为今日并未有更深入的领悟,才察觉到自己虚掷了很多时光,以致于多年后的这次又去,我的身份不单单是信徒,还成了历史的考察者,或者说寻觅真相者。或者说,我其实是想以一种凭吊的方式来作为这篇长文的结尾。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, FreeSerif, serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.2px;">(</span><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, FreeSerif, serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.9px;">本文发表于自由亚洲特约评论:</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, FreeSerif, serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.9px;"><a href="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-03282023163609.html">https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weise/ws-03282023163609.html</a>)</span></span></p></div>Unknown[email protected]0