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A263950
Array read by antidiagonals: T(n,k) is the number of lattices L in Z^k such that the quotient group Z^k / L is C_n.
16
1, 1, 1, 1, 3, 1, 1, 4, 7, 1, 1, 6, 13, 15, 1, 1, 6, 28, 40, 31, 1, 1, 12, 31, 120, 121, 63, 1, 1, 8, 91, 156, 496, 364, 127, 1, 1, 12, 57, 600, 781, 2016, 1093, 255, 1, 1, 12, 112, 400, 3751, 3906, 8128, 3280, 511, 1, 1, 18, 117, 960, 2801, 22932, 19531, 32640
OFFSET
1,5
COMMENTS
All the enumerated lattices have full rank k, since the quotient group is finite.
For m>=1, T(n,k) is the number of lattices L in Z^k such that the quotient group Z^k / L is C_nm x (C_m)^(k-1); and also, (C_nm)^(k-1) x C_m.
Also, number of subgroups of (C_n)^k isomorphic to C_n (and also, to (C_n)^{k-1}), cf. [Butler, Lemma 1.4.1].
T(n,k) is the sum of the divisors d of n^(k-1) such that n^(k-1)/d is k-free. Namely, the coefficient in n^(-(k-1)*s) of the Dirichlet series zeta(s) * zeta(s-1) / zeta(ks).
Also, number of isomorphism classes of connected (C_n)-fold coverings of a connected graph with circuit rank k.
Columns are multiplicative functions.
REFERENCES
Lynne M. Butler, Subgroup lattices and symmetric functions. Mem. Amer. Math. Soc., Vol. 112, No. 539, 1994.
LINKS
Jin Ho Kwak, Jang-Ho Chun, and Jaeun Lee, Enumeration of regular graph coverings having finite abelian covering transformation groups, SIAM J. Discrete Math. 11(2), 1998, pp. 273-285. [Page 277]
Jin Ho Kwak and Jaeun Lee, Enumeration of graph coverings, surface branched coverings and related group theory, in Combinatorial and Computational Mathematics (Pohang, 2000), ed. S. Hong et al., World Scientific, Singapore 2001, pp. 97-161. [Examples 2 and 3]
FORMULA
T(n,k) = J_k(n) / J_1(n) = (Sum_{d|n} mu(n/d) * d^k) / phi(n).
T(n,k) = n^(k-1) * Product_{p|n, p prime} (p^k - 1) / ((p - 1) * p^(k-1)).
Dirichlet g.f. of k-th column: zeta(s-k+1) * Product_{p prime} (1 + p^(-s) + p^(1-s) + ... + p^(k-2-s)).
If n is squarefree, T(n,k) = A160870(n,k) = A000203(n^(k-1)).
From Amiram Eldar, Nov 08 2022: (Start)
Sum_{i=1..n} T(i, k) ~ c * n^k, where c = (1/k) * Product_{p prime} (1 + (p^(k-1)-1)/((p-1)*p^k)).
Sum_{i>=1} 1/T(i, k) = zeta(k-1)*zeta(k) * Product_{p prime} (1 - 2/p^k + 1/p^(2*k-1)), for k > 2. (End)
EXAMPLE
There are 7 = A160870(4,2) lattices of volume 4 in Z^2. Among them, only one (<(2,0), (0,2)>) gives the quotient group C_2 x C_2, whereas the rest give C_4. Hence, T(4,2) = 6 and T(1,2) = 1.
Array begins:
k=1 k=2 k=3 k=4 k=5 k=6
n=1 1 1 1 1 1 1
n=2 1 3 7 15 31 63
n=3 1 4 13 40 121 364
n=4 1 6 28 120 496 2016
n=5 1 6 31 156 781 3906
n=6 1 12 91 600 3751 22932
MATHEMATICA
f[p_, e_, k_] := p^((k - 1)*(e - 1))*(p^k - 1)/(p - 1); T[n_, 1] = T[1, k_] = 1; T[n_, k_] := Times @@ (f[First[#], Last[#], k] & /@ FactorInteger[n]); Table[T[n - k + 1, k], {n, 1, 11}, {k, 1, n}] // Flatten (* Amiram Eldar, Nov 08 2022 *)
KEYWORD
nonn,tabl
AUTHOR
Álvar Ibeas, Oct 30 2015
STATUS
approved