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A158690
Expansion of the basic hypergeometric series 1 + (1 - exp(-t)) + (1 - exp(-t))*(1 - exp(-3*t)) + (1 - exp(-t))*(1 - exp(-3*t))*(1 - exp(-5*t)) + ... as a series in t.
16
1, 1, 5, 55, 1073, 32671, 1431665, 85363615, 6646603073, 654896692351, 79656194515025, 11722538113191775, 2052949879753739873, 421931472111868912831, 100568330857984368195185
OFFSET
0,3
COMMENTS
We appear to get the same sequence by expanding 1 - (1 - exp(t)) + (1 - exp(t))*(1 - exp(2*t)) - (1 - exp(t))*(1 - exp(2*t))*(1 - exp(3*t)) + ... as a series in t. Compare with A079144. For other sequences with generating functions of a similar type see A000364, A000464, A002105 and A002439.
From Peter Bala, Mar 13 2017: (Start)
It appears that the g.f. has two other forms: either F(exp(-t)) where F(q) = Sum_{n >= 0} q^(n+1)*Product_{k = 1..n} 1 - q^(2*k) = q + q^2 + q^3 - q^7 - q^8 - q^10 - q^11 - ... is a g.f. for A003475 or 1/2*G(exp(t)) where G(q) = 1 + Sum_{n >= 0} (-1)^n*q^(n+1)*Product_{k = 1..n} 1 - q^k = 1 + q - q^2 + 2*q^3 - 2*q^4 + q^5 + q^7 - 2*q^8 + ... is a g.f. for A003406. See Zagier, Example 1. (End)
From Peter Bala, Dec 18 2021: (Start)
Conjectures:
1) Taking the sequence modulo an integer k gives an eventually periodic sequence with period dividing phi(k). For example, the sequence taken modulo 16 begins [1, 1, 5, 7, 1, 15, 1, 15, 1, 15, 1, 15, ...] with an apparent pre-period of length 4 and a period of length 2.
2) Let i >= 0 and define a_i(n) = a(n+i). Then for each i the Gauss congruences a_i(n*p^k) == a_i(n*p^(k-1)) ( mod p^k ) hold for all prime p and positive integers n and k.
If true, then for each i the expansion of exp( Sum_{n >= 1} a_i(n)*x^n/n ) has integer coefficients. For example, the expansion of exp( Sum_{n >= 1} a(n)*x^n/n ) = 1 + x + 3*x^2 + 21*x^3 + 291*x^4 + 6861*x^5 + 246171*x^6 + 12458901*x^7 + 843915891*x^8 + 73640674461*x^9 + 8041227405771*x^10 + ... appears to have integer coefficients. (End)
LINKS
Hsien-Kuei Hwang, and Emma Yu Jin, Asymptotics and statistics on Fishburn matrices and their generalizations, arXiv:1911.06690 [math.CO], 2019.
D. Zagier, Quantum modular forms, Quanta of Maths: Conference in honor of Alain Connes, Clay Mathematics Proceedings 11, AMS and Clay Mathematics Institute 2010, 659-675
FORMULA
Basic hypergeometric generating function: 1 + Sum_{n >= 0} Product_{k = 1..n} (1 - exp(2*k-1)*t) = 1 + t + 5*t^2/2! + 55*t^3/3! + ....
a(n) ~ 6*sqrt(2) * 12^n * (n!)^2 / Pi^(2*n+2). - Vaclav Kotesovec, May 04 2014
Conjectural g.f.: G(exp(t)) as a formal power series in t, where G(q) := Sum_{n >= 0} q^(2*n+1) * Product_{k = 1..2*n} (1 - q^k). - Peter Bala, May 16 2017
E.g.f.: Sum_{n>=0} exp(n*(n+1)/2*x) / Product_{k=0..n} (1 + exp(k*x)). - Paul D. Hanna, Oct 14 2020
EXAMPLE
G.f. A(x) = 1 + x + 5*x^2 + 55*x^3 + 1073*x^4 + 32671*x^5 + 1431665*x^6 + ...
MATHEMATICA
max = 14; se = Series[1 + Sum[ Product[1 - E^(-(2*k - 1)*t), {k, 1, n}], {n, 1, max}], {t, 0, max}]; CoefficientList[se, t]*Range[0, max]! (* Jean-François Alcover, Mar 06 2013 *)
PROG
(PARI) {a(n)=n!*polcoeff(sum(m=0, n, prod(k=1, m, 1-exp(-(2*k-1)*x+x*O(x^n)))), n)} \\ Paul D. Hanna, Aug 01 2012
(PARI) {a(n)=n!*polcoeff(sum(m=0, n, prod(k=1, m, exp(k*x+x*O(x^n))-1)), n)} \\ Paul D. Hanna, Aug 01 2012
KEYWORD
nonn,easy
AUTHOR
Peter Bala, Mar 24 2009
STATUS
approved