OFFSET
0,9
COMMENTS
A(n,k) is also the number of (k+1)-level labeled rooted trees with n leaves.
Number of ways to start with set {1,2,...,n} and then repeat k times: partition each set into subsets. - Alois P. Heinz, Aug 14 2015
Equivalently, A(n,k) is the number of length k+1 multichains from bottom to top in the set partition lattice of an n-set. - Geoffrey Critzer, Dec 05 2020
LINKS
Alois P. Heinz, Antidiagonals n = 0..140, flattened
E. T. Bell, The Iterated Exponential Integers, Annals of Mathematics, 39(3) (1938), 539-557.
Pierpaolo Natalini and Paolo Emilio Ricci, Higher order Bell polynomials and the relevant integer sequences, in Appl. Anal. Discrete Math. 11 (2017), 327-339.
Pierpaolo Natalini and Paolo E. Ricci, Integer Sequences Connected with Extensions of the Bell Polynomials, Journal of Integer Sequences, 2017, Vol. 20, #17.10.2.
Ivar Henning Skau and Kai Forsberg Kristensen, An asymptotic Formula for the iterated exponential Bell Numbers, arXiv:1903.07979 [math.CO], 2019.
Ivar Henning Skau and Kai Forsberg Kristensen, Sets of iterated Partitions and the Bell iterated Exponential Integers, arXiv:1903.08379 [math.CO], 2019.
FORMULA
E.g.f. of column k: 1 + g^(k+1)(x) with g = x-> exp(x)-1.
Column k+1 is Stirling transform of column k.
EXAMPLE
Square array begins:
1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, ...
1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, ...
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, ...
1, 5, 12, 22, 35, 51, ...
1, 15, 60, 154, 315, 561, ...
1, 52, 358, 1304, 3455, 7556, ...
MAPLE
g:= proc(p) local b; b:= proc(n) option remember; if n=0 then 1
else (n-1)! *add(p(k)*b(n-k)/(k-1)!/(n-k)!, k=1..n) fi
end end:
A:= (n, k)-> (g@@k)(1)(n):
seq(seq(A(n, d-n), n=0..d), d=0..12);
# second Maple program:
A:= proc(n, k) option remember; `if`(n=0 or k=0, 1,
add(binomial(n-1, j-1)*A(j, k-1)*A(n-j, k), j=1..n))
end:
seq(seq(A(n, d-n), n=0..d), d=0..12); # Alois P. Heinz, Aug 14 2015
# third Maple program:
b:= proc(n, t, m) option remember; `if`(t=0, 1, `if`(n=0,
b(m, t-1, 0), m*b(n-1, t, m)+b(n-1, t, m+1)))
end:
A:= (n, k)-> b(n, k, 0):
seq(seq(A(n, d-n), n=0..d), d=0..12); # Alois P. Heinz, Aug 04 2021
MATHEMATICA
g[k_] := g[k] = Nest[Function[x, E^x - 1], x, k]; a[n_, k_] := SeriesCoefficient[1 + g[k + 1], {x, 0, n}]*n!; Table[a[n - k, k], {n, 0, 12}, {k, n, 0, -1}] // Flatten (* Jean-François Alcover, Dec 06 2013 *)
PROG
(Python)
from sympy.core.cache import cacheit
from sympy import binomial
@cacheit
def A(n, k): return 1 if n==0 or k==0 else sum([binomial(n - 1, j - 1)*A(j, k - 1)*A(n - j, k) for j in range(1, n + 1)])
for n in range(51): print([A(k, n - k) for k in range(n + 1)]) # Indranil Ghosh, Aug 07 2017
CROSSREFS
KEYWORD
nonn,tabl
AUTHOR
Alois P. Heinz, Sep 11 2008
STATUS
approved