OFFSET
1,2
REFERENCES
F. Harary and E. M. Palmer, Graphical Enumeration, Academic Press, NY, 1973, p. 133, c_p.
M. D. McIlroy, Calculation of numbers of structures of relations on finite sets, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Quarterly Progress Reports, No. 17, Sept. 15, 1955, pp. 14-22.
N. J. A. Sloane, A Handbook of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1973 (includes this sequence).
N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).
LINKS
Andrew Howroyd, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..50
P. J. Cameron, Sequences realized by oligomorphic permutation groups, J. Integ. Seqs. Vol. 3 (2000), #00.1.5.
R. L. Davis, The number of structures of finite relations, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 4 (1953), 486-495.
Musa Demirci, Ugur Ana, and Ismail Naci Cangul, Properties of Characteristic Polynomials of Oriented Graphs, Proc. Int'l Conf. Adv. Math. Comp. (ICAMC 2020) Springer, see p. 60.
F. Harary and E. M. Palmer, Enumeration of mixed graphs, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc., 17 (1966), 682-687.
T. R. Hoffman and J. P. Solazzo, Complex Two-Graphs via Equiangular Tight Frames, arXiv preprint arXiv:1408.0334 [math.CO], 2014-2017.
M. D. McIlroy, Calculation of numbers of structures of relations on finite sets, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Quarterly Progress Reports, No. 17, Sep. 15, 1955, pp. 14-22. [Annotated scanned copy]
G. Pfeiffer, Counting Transitive Relations, Journal of Integer Sequences, Vol. 7 (2004), Article 04.3.2.
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Oriented Graph
FORMULA
There's an explicit formula - see for example Harary and Palmer (book), Eq. (5.4.14).
a(n) ~ 3^(n*(n-1)/2)/n! [McIlroy, 1955]. - Vaclav Kotesovec, Dec 19 2016
MATHEMATICA
permcount[v_] := Module[{m = 1, s = 0, k = 0, t}, For[i = 1, i <= Length[v], i++, t = v[[i]]; k = If[i > 1 && t == v[[i - 1]], k + 1, 1]; m *= t*k; s += t]; s!/m];
edges[v_] := Sum[GCD[v[[i]], v[[j]]], {i, 2, Length[v]}, {j, 1, i - 1}] + Total @ Quotient[v - 1, 2];
a[n_] := Module[{s = 0}, Do[s += permcount[p]*3^edges[p], {p, IntegerPartitions[n]}]; s/n!];
Array[a, 15] (* Jean-François Alcover, Jul 06 2018, after Andrew Howroyd *)
PROG
(PARI)
permcount(v) = {my(m=1, s=0, k=0, t); for(i=1, #v, t=v[i]; k=if(i>1&&t==v[i-1], k+1, 1); m*=t*k; s+=t); s!/m}
edges(v) = {sum(i=2, #v, sum(j=1, i-1, gcd(v[i], v[j]))) + sum(i=1, #v, (v[i]-1)\2)}
a(n) = {my(s=0); forpart(p=n, s+=permcount(p)*3^edges(p)); s/n!} \\ Andrew Howroyd, Oct 23 2017
(Python)
from itertools import combinations
from math import prod, gcd, factorial
from fractions import Fraction
from sympy.utilities.iterables import partitions
def A001174(n): return int(sum(Fraction(3**(sum(p[r]*p[s]*gcd(r, s) for r, s in combinations(p.keys(), 2))+sum((q-1>>1)*r+(q*r*(r-1)>>1) for q, r in p.items())), prod(q**r*factorial(r) for q, r in p.items())) for p in partitions(n))) # Chai Wah Wu, Jul 15 2024
CROSSREFS
KEYWORD
nonn,nice,easy
AUTHOR
EXTENSIONS
More terms from Vladeta Jovovic
Revised description from Vladeta Jovovic, Jan 20 2005
STATUS
approved